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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""Tools for inspecting Python objects.
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Uses syntax highlighting for presenting the various information elements.
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Similar in spirit to the inspect module, but all calls take a name argument to
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reference the name under which an object is being read.
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"""
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#*****************************************************************************
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# Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Fernando Perez <fperez@colorado.edu>
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#
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# Distributed under the terms of the BSD License. The full license is in
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# the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
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#*****************************************************************************
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__all__ = ['Inspector','InspectColors']
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# stdlib modules
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import __builtin__
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import inspect
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import linecache
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import os
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import sys
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import types
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from collections import namedtuple
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from itertools import izip_longest
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# IPython's own
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from IPython.core import page
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from IPython.utils import PyColorize
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from IPython.utils import io
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from IPython.utils.text import indent
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from IPython.utils.wildcard import list_namespace
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from IPython.utils.coloransi import *
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#****************************************************************************
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# Builtin color schemes
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Colors = TermColors # just a shorthand
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# Build a few color schemes
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NoColor = ColorScheme(
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'NoColor',{
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'header' : Colors.NoColor,
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'normal' : Colors.NoColor # color off (usu. Colors.Normal)
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} )
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LinuxColors = ColorScheme(
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'Linux',{
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'header' : Colors.LightRed,
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'normal' : Colors.Normal # color off (usu. Colors.Normal)
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} )
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LightBGColors = ColorScheme(
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'LightBG',{
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'header' : Colors.Red,
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'normal' : Colors.Normal # color off (usu. Colors.Normal)
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} )
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# Build table of color schemes (needed by the parser)
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InspectColors = ColorSchemeTable([NoColor,LinuxColors,LightBGColors],
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'Linux')
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#****************************************************************************
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# Auxiliary functions and objects
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# See the messaging spec for the definition of all these fields. This list
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# effectively defines the order of display
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info_fields = ['type_name', 'base_class', 'string_form', 'namespace',
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'length', 'file', 'definition', 'docstring', 'source',
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'init_definition', 'class_docstring', 'init_docstring',
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'call_def', 'call_docstring',
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# These won't be printed but will be used to determine how to
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# format the object
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'ismagic', 'isalias', 'isclass', 'argspec', 'found', 'name'
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]
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def object_info(**kw):
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"""Make an object info dict with all fields present."""
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infodict = dict(izip_longest(info_fields, [None]))
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infodict.update(kw)
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return infodict
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def getdoc(obj):
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"""Stable wrapper around inspect.getdoc.
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This can't crash because of attribute problems.
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It also attempts to call a getdoc() method on the given object. This
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allows objects which provide their docstrings via non-standard mechanisms
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(like Pyro proxies) to still be inspected by ipython's ? system."""
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ds = None # default return value
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try:
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ds = inspect.getdoc(obj)
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except:
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# Harden against an inspect failure, which can occur with
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# SWIG-wrapped extensions.
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pass
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# Allow objects to offer customized documentation via a getdoc method:
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try:
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ds2 = obj.getdoc()
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except:
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pass
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else:
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# if we get extra info, we add it to the normal docstring.
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if ds is None:
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ds = ds2
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else:
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ds = '%s\n%s' % (ds,ds2)
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return ds
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def getsource(obj,is_binary=False):
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"""Wrapper around inspect.getsource.
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This can be modified by other projects to provide customized source
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extraction.
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Inputs:
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- obj: an object whose source code we will attempt to extract.
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Optional inputs:
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- is_binary: whether the object is known to come from a binary source.
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This implementation will skip returning any output for binary objects, but
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custom extractors may know how to meaningfully process them."""
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if is_binary:
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return None
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else:
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#get source if obj was decoratred with @decorator
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if hasattr(obj,"__wrapped__"):
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obj = obj.__wrapped__
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try:
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src = inspect.getsource(obj)
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except TypeError:
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if hasattr(obj,'__class__'):
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src = inspect.getsource(obj.__class__)
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return src
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def getargspec(obj):
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"""Get the names and default values of a function's arguments.
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A tuple of four things is returned: (args, varargs, varkw, defaults).
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'args' is a list of the argument names (it may contain nested lists).
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'varargs' and 'varkw' are the names of the * and ** arguments or None.
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'defaults' is an n-tuple of the default values of the last n arguments.
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Modified version of inspect.getargspec from the Python Standard
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Library."""
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if inspect.isfunction(obj):
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func_obj = obj
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elif inspect.ismethod(obj):
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func_obj = obj.im_func
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elif hasattr(obj, '__call__'):
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func_obj = obj.__call__
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else:
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raise TypeError('arg is not a Python function')
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args, varargs, varkw = inspect.getargs(func_obj.func_code)
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return args, varargs, varkw, func_obj.func_defaults
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def format_argspec(argspec):
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"""Format argspect, convenience wrapper around inspect's.
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This takes a dict instead of ordered arguments and calls
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inspect.format_argspec with the arguments in the necessary order.
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"""
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return inspect.formatargspec(argspec['args'], argspec['varargs'],
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argspec['varkw'], argspec['defaults'])
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def call_tip(oinfo, format_call=True):
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"""Extract call tip data from an oinfo dict.
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Parameters
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----------
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oinfo : dict
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format_call : bool, optional
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If True, the call line is formatted and returned as a string. If not, a
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tuple of (name, argspec) is returned.
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Returns
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-------
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call_info : None, str or (str, dict) tuple.
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When format_call is True, the whole call information is formattted as a
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single string. Otherwise, the object's name and its argspec dict are
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returned. If no call information is available, None is returned.
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docstring : str or None
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The most relevant docstring for calling purposes is returned, if
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available. The priority is: call docstring for callable instances, then
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constructor docstring for classes, then main object's docstring otherwise
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(regular functions).
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"""
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# Get call definition
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argspec = oinfo.get('argspec')
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if argspec is None:
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call_line = None
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else:
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# Callable objects will have 'self' as their first argument, prune
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# it out if it's there for clarity (since users do *not* pass an
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# extra first argument explicitly).
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try:
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has_self = argspec['args'][0] == 'self'
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except (KeyError, IndexError):
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pass
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else:
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if has_self:
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argspec['args'] = argspec['args'][1:]
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call_line = oinfo['name']+format_argspec(argspec)
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# Now get docstring.
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# The priority is: call docstring, constructor docstring, main one.
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doc = oinfo.get('call_docstring')
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if doc is None:
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doc = oinfo.get('init_docstring')
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if doc is None:
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doc = oinfo.get('docstring','')
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return call_line, doc
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class Inspector:
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def __init__(self, color_table=InspectColors,
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code_color_table=PyColorize.ANSICodeColors,
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scheme='NoColor',
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str_detail_level=0):
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self.color_table = color_table
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self.parser = PyColorize.Parser(code_color_table,out='str')
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self.format = self.parser.format
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self.str_detail_level = str_detail_level
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self.set_active_scheme(scheme)
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def _getdef(self,obj,oname=''):
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"""Return the definition header for any callable object.
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If any exception is generated, None is returned instead and the
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exception is suppressed."""
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try:
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# We need a plain string here, NOT unicode!
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hdef = oname + inspect.formatargspec(*getargspec(obj))
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return hdef.encode('ascii')
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except:
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return None
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def __head(self,h):
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"""Return a header string with proper colors."""
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return '%s%s%s' % (self.color_table.active_colors.header,h,
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self.color_table.active_colors.normal)
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def set_active_scheme(self,scheme):
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self.color_table.set_active_scheme(scheme)
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self.parser.color_table.set_active_scheme(scheme)
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def noinfo(self,msg,oname):
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"""Generic message when no information is found."""
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print 'No %s found' % msg,
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if oname:
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print 'for %s' % oname
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else:
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print
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def pdef(self,obj,oname=''):
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"""Print the definition header for any callable object.
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If the object is a class, print the constructor information."""
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if not callable(obj):
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print 'Object is not callable.'
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return
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header = ''
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if inspect.isclass(obj):
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header = self.__head('Class constructor information:\n')
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obj = obj.__init__
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elif type(obj) is types.InstanceType:
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obj = obj.__call__
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output = self._getdef(obj,oname)
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if output is None:
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self.noinfo('definition header',oname)
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else:
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print >>io.stdout, header,self.format(output),
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def pdoc(self,obj,oname='',formatter = None):
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"""Print the docstring for any object.
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Optional:
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-formatter: a function to run the docstring through for specially
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formatted docstrings.
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Examples
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--------
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In [1]: class NoInit:
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...: pass
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In [2]: class NoDoc:
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...: def __init__(self):
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...: pass
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In [3]: %pdoc NoDoc
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No documentation found for NoDoc
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In [4]: %pdoc NoInit
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No documentation found for NoInit
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In [5]: obj = NoInit()
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In [6]: %pdoc obj
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No documentation found for obj
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In [5]: obj2 = NoDoc()
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In [6]: %pdoc obj2
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No documentation found for obj2
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"""
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head = self.__head # For convenience
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lines = []
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ds = getdoc(obj)
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if formatter:
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ds = formatter(ds)
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if ds:
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lines.append(head("Class Docstring:"))
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lines.append(indent(ds))
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if inspect.isclass(obj) and hasattr(obj, '__init__'):
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init_ds = getdoc(obj.__init__)
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if init_ds is not None:
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lines.append(head("Constructor Docstring:"))
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lines.append(indent(init_ds))
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elif (type(obj) is types.InstanceType or isinstance(obj,object)) \
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and hasattr(obj,'__call__'):
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call_ds = getdoc(obj.__call__)
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if call_ds:
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lines.append(head("Calling Docstring:"))
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lines.append(indent(call_ds))
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if not lines:
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self.noinfo('documentation',oname)
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else:
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page.page('\n'.join(lines))
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def psource(self,obj,oname=''):
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"""Print the source code for an object."""
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# Flush the source cache because inspect can return out-of-date source
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linecache.checkcache()
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try:
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src = getsource(obj)
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except:
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self.noinfo('source',oname)
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else:
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page.page(self.format(src))
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def pfile(self,obj,oname=''):
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"""Show the whole file where an object was defined."""
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try:
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try:
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lineno = inspect.getsourcelines(obj)[1]
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except TypeError:
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# For instances, try the class object like getsource() does
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if hasattr(obj,'__class__'):
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lineno = inspect.getsourcelines(obj.__class__)[1]
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# Adjust the inspected object so getabsfile() below works
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obj = obj.__class__
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except:
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self.noinfo('file',oname)
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return
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# We only reach this point if object was successfully queried
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# run contents of file through pager starting at line
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# where the object is defined
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ofile = inspect.getabsfile(obj)
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if ofile.endswith(('.so', '.dll', '.pyd')):
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print 'File %r is binary, not printing.' % ofile
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elif not os.path.isfile(ofile):
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print 'File %r does not exist, not printing.' % ofile
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else:
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# Print only text files, not extension binaries. Note that
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# getsourcelines returns lineno with 1-offset and page() uses
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# 0-offset, so we must adjust.
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page.page(self.format(open(ofile).read()),lineno-1)
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def _format_fields(self, fields, title_width=12):
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"""Formats a list of fields for display.
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Parameters
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----------
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fields : list
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A list of 2-tuples: (field_title, field_content)
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title_width : int
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How many characters to pad titles to. Default 12.
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"""
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out = []
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header = self.__head
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for title, content in fields:
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if len(content.splitlines()) > 1:
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title = header(title + ":") + "\n"
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else:
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title = header((title+":").ljust(title_width))
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out.append(title + content)
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return "\n".join(out)
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# The fields to be displayed by pinfo: (fancy_name, key_in_info_dict)
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pinfo_fields1 = [("Type", "type_name"),
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("Base Class", "base_class"),
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("String Form", "string_form"),
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("Namespace", "namespace"),
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("Length", "length"),
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("File", "file"),
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("Definition", "definition")]
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pinfo_fields_obj = [("Class Docstring", "class_docstring"),
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("Constructor Docstring","init_docstring"),
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("Call def", "call_def"),
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("Call docstring", "call_docstring")]
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def pinfo(self,obj,oname='',formatter=None,info=None,detail_level=0):
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"""Show detailed information about an object.
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Optional arguments:
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- oname: name of the variable pointing to the object.
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- formatter: special formatter for docstrings (see pdoc)
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- info: a structure with some information fields which may have been
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precomputed already.
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- detail_level: if set to 1, more information is given.
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"""
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info = self.info(obj, oname=oname, formatter=formatter,
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info=info, detail_level=detail_level)
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displayfields = []
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for title, key in self.pinfo_fields1:
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field = info[key]
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if field is not None:
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displayfields.append((title, field.rstrip()))
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# Source or docstring, depending on detail level and whether
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# source found.
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if detail_level > 0 and info['source'] is not None:
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displayfields.append(("Source", info['source']))
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elif info['docstring'] is not None:
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|
|
displayfields.append(("Docstring", info["docstring"]))
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Constructor info for classes
|
|
|
if info['isclass']:
|
|
|
if info['init_definition'] or info['init_docstring']:
|
|
|
displayfields.append(("Constructor information", ""))
|
|
|
if info['init_definition'] is not None:
|
|
|
displayfields.append((" Definition",
|
|
|
info['init_definition'].rstrip()))
|
|
|
if info['init_docstring'] is not None:
|
|
|
displayfields.append((" Docstring",
|
|
|
indent(info['init_docstring'])))
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Info for objects:
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
for title, key in self.pinfo_fields_obj:
|
|
|
field = info[key]
|
|
|
if field is not None:
|
|
|
displayfields.append((title, field.rstrip()))
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Finally send to printer/pager:
|
|
|
if displayfields:
|
|
|
page.page(self._format_fields(displayfields))
|
|
|
|
|
|
def info(self, obj, oname='', formatter=None, info=None, detail_level=0):
|
|
|
"""Compute a dict with detailed information about an object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Optional arguments:
|
|
|
|
|
|
- oname: name of the variable pointing to the object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
- formatter: special formatter for docstrings (see pdoc)
|
|
|
|
|
|
- info: a structure with some information fields which may have been
|
|
|
precomputed already.
|
|
|
|
|
|
- detail_level: if set to 1, more information is given.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
obj_type = type(obj)
|
|
|
|
|
|
header = self.__head
|
|
|
if info is None:
|
|
|
ismagic = 0
|
|
|
isalias = 0
|
|
|
ospace = ''
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
ismagic = info.ismagic
|
|
|
isalias = info.isalias
|
|
|
ospace = info.namespace
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Get docstring, special-casing aliases:
|
|
|
if isalias:
|
|
|
if not callable(obj):
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
ds = "Alias to the system command:\n %s" % obj[1]
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
ds = "Alias: " + str(obj)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
ds = "Alias to " + str(obj)
|
|
|
if obj.__doc__:
|
|
|
ds += "\nDocstring:\n" + obj.__doc__
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
ds = getdoc(obj)
|
|
|
if ds is None:
|
|
|
ds = '<no docstring>'
|
|
|
if formatter is not None:
|
|
|
ds = formatter(ds)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# store output in a dict, we initialize it here and fill it as we go
|
|
|
out = dict(name=oname, found=True, isalias=isalias, ismagic=ismagic)
|
|
|
|
|
|
string_max = 200 # max size of strings to show (snipped if longer)
|
|
|
shalf = int((string_max -5)/2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
if ismagic:
|
|
|
obj_type_name = 'Magic function'
|
|
|
elif isalias:
|
|
|
obj_type_name = 'System alias'
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
obj_type_name = obj_type.__name__
|
|
|
out['type_name'] = obj_type_name
|
|
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
bclass = obj.__class__
|
|
|
out['base_class'] = str(bclass)
|
|
|
except: pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
# String form, but snip if too long in ? form (full in ??)
|
|
|
if detail_level >= self.str_detail_level:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
ostr = str(obj)
|
|
|
str_head = 'string_form'
|
|
|
if not detail_level and len(ostr)>string_max:
|
|
|
ostr = ostr[:shalf] + ' <...> ' + ostr[-shalf:]
|
|
|
ostr = ("\n" + " " * len(str_head.expandtabs())).\
|
|
|
join(q.strip() for q in ostr.split("\n"))
|
|
|
out[str_head] = ostr
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
if ospace:
|
|
|
out['namespace'] = ospace
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Length (for strings and lists)
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
out['length'] = str(len(obj))
|
|
|
except: pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Filename where object was defined
|
|
|
binary_file = False
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
fname = inspect.getabsfile(obj)
|
|
|
except TypeError:
|
|
|
# For an instance, the file that matters is where its class was
|
|
|
# declared.
|
|
|
if hasattr(obj,'__class__'):
|
|
|
fname = inspect.getabsfile(obj.__class__)
|
|
|
if fname.endswith('<string>'):
|
|
|
fname = 'Dynamically generated function. No source code available.'
|
|
|
if fname.endswith(('.so', '.dll', '.pyd')):
|
|
|
binary_file = True
|
|
|
out['file'] = fname
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
# if anything goes wrong, we don't want to show source, so it's as
|
|
|
# if the file was binary
|
|
|
binary_file = True
|
|
|
|
|
|
# reconstruct the function definition and print it:
|
|
|
defln = self._getdef(obj, oname)
|
|
|
if defln:
|
|
|
out['definition'] = self.format(defln)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Docstrings only in detail 0 mode, since source contains them (we
|
|
|
# avoid repetitions). If source fails, we add them back, see below.
|
|
|
if ds and detail_level == 0:
|
|
|
out['docstring'] = ds
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Original source code for any callable
|
|
|
if detail_level:
|
|
|
# Flush the source cache because inspect can return out-of-date
|
|
|
# source
|
|
|
linecache.checkcache()
|
|
|
source = None
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
src = getsource(obj,binary_file)
|
|
|
except TypeError:
|
|
|
if hasattr(obj,'__class__'):
|
|
|
src = getsource(obj.__class__,binary_file)
|
|
|
if src is not None:
|
|
|
source = self.format(src)
|
|
|
out['source'] = source.rstrip()
|
|
|
except Exception:
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
if ds and source is None:
|
|
|
out['docstring'] = ds
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Constructor docstring for classes
|
|
|
if inspect.isclass(obj):
|
|
|
out['isclass'] = True
|
|
|
# reconstruct the function definition and print it:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
obj_init = obj.__init__
|
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
|
init_def = init_ds = None
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
init_def = self._getdef(obj_init,oname)
|
|
|
init_ds = getdoc(obj_init)
|
|
|
# Skip Python's auto-generated docstrings
|
|
|
if init_ds and \
|
|
|
init_ds.startswith('x.__init__(...) initializes'):
|
|
|
init_ds = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
if init_def or init_ds:
|
|
|
if init_def:
|
|
|
out['init_definition'] = self.format(init_def)
|
|
|
if init_ds:
|
|
|
out['init_docstring'] = init_ds
|
|
|
|
|
|
# and class docstring for instances:
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
# First, check whether the instance docstring is identical to the
|
|
|
# class one, and print it separately if they don't coincide. In
|
|
|
# most cases they will, but it's nice to print all the info for
|
|
|
# objects which use instance-customized docstrings.
|
|
|
if ds:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
cls = getattr(obj,'__class__')
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
class_ds = None
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
class_ds = getdoc(cls)
|
|
|
# Skip Python's auto-generated docstrings
|
|
|
if class_ds and \
|
|
|
(class_ds.startswith('function(code, globals[,') or \
|
|
|
class_ds.startswith('instancemethod(function, instance,') or \
|
|
|
class_ds.startswith('module(name[,') ):
|
|
|
class_ds = None
|
|
|
if class_ds and ds != class_ds:
|
|
|
out['class_docstring'] = class_ds
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Next, try to show constructor docstrings
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
init_ds = getdoc(obj.__init__)
|
|
|
# Skip Python's auto-generated docstrings
|
|
|
if init_ds and \
|
|
|
init_ds.startswith('x.__init__(...) initializes'):
|
|
|
init_ds = None
|
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
|
init_ds = None
|
|
|
if init_ds:
|
|
|
out['init_docstring'] = init_ds
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Call form docstring for callable instances
|
|
|
if hasattr(obj, '__call__'):
|
|
|
call_def = self._getdef(obj.__call__, oname)
|
|
|
if call_def is not None:
|
|
|
out['call_def'] = self.format(call_def)
|
|
|
call_ds = getdoc(obj.__call__)
|
|
|
# Skip Python's auto-generated docstrings
|
|
|
if call_ds and call_ds.startswith('x.__call__(...) <==> x(...)'):
|
|
|
call_ds = None
|
|
|
if call_ds:
|
|
|
out['call_docstring'] = call_ds
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Compute the object's argspec as a callable. The key is to decide
|
|
|
# whether to pull it from the object itself, from its __init__ or
|
|
|
# from its __call__ method.
|
|
|
|
|
|
if inspect.isclass(obj):
|
|
|
# Old-style classes need not have an __init__
|
|
|
callable_obj = getattr(obj, "__init__", None)
|
|
|
elif callable(obj):
|
|
|
callable_obj = obj
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
callable_obj = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
if callable_obj:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
args, varargs, varkw, defaults = getargspec(callable_obj)
|
|
|
except (TypeError, AttributeError):
|
|
|
# For extensions/builtins we can't retrieve the argspec
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
out['argspec'] = dict(args=args, varargs=varargs,
|
|
|
varkw=varkw, defaults=defaults)
|
|
|
|
|
|
return object_info(**out)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def psearch(self,pattern,ns_table,ns_search=[],
|
|
|
ignore_case=False,show_all=False):
|
|
|
"""Search namespaces with wildcards for objects.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arguments:
|
|
|
|
|
|
- pattern: string containing shell-like wildcards to use in namespace
|
|
|
searches and optionally a type specification to narrow the search to
|
|
|
objects of that type.
|
|
|
|
|
|
- ns_table: dict of name->namespaces for search.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Optional arguments:
|
|
|
|
|
|
- ns_search: list of namespace names to include in search.
|
|
|
|
|
|
- ignore_case(False): make the search case-insensitive.
|
|
|
|
|
|
- show_all(False): show all names, including those starting with
|
|
|
underscores.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
#print 'ps pattern:<%r>' % pattern # dbg
|
|
|
|
|
|
# defaults
|
|
|
type_pattern = 'all'
|
|
|
filter = ''
|
|
|
|
|
|
cmds = pattern.split()
|
|
|
len_cmds = len(cmds)
|
|
|
if len_cmds == 1:
|
|
|
# Only filter pattern given
|
|
|
filter = cmds[0]
|
|
|
elif len_cmds == 2:
|
|
|
# Both filter and type specified
|
|
|
filter,type_pattern = cmds
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
raise ValueError('invalid argument string for psearch: <%s>' %
|
|
|
pattern)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# filter search namespaces
|
|
|
for name in ns_search:
|
|
|
if name not in ns_table:
|
|
|
raise ValueError('invalid namespace <%s>. Valid names: %s' %
|
|
|
(name,ns_table.keys()))
|
|
|
|
|
|
#print 'type_pattern:',type_pattern # dbg
|
|
|
search_result = []
|
|
|
for ns_name in ns_search:
|
|
|
ns = ns_table[ns_name]
|
|
|
tmp_res = list(list_namespace(ns,type_pattern,filter,
|
|
|
ignore_case=ignore_case,
|
|
|
show_all=show_all))
|
|
|
search_result.extend(tmp_res)
|
|
|
search_result.sort()
|
|
|
|
|
|
page.page('\n'.join(search_result))
|
|
|
|
