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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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pretty
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~~
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Python advanced pretty printer. This pretty printer is intended to
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replace the old `pprint` python module which does not allow developers
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to provide their own pretty print callbacks.
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This module is based on ruby's `prettyprint.rb` library by `Tanaka Akira`.
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Example Usage
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=============
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To directly print the representation of an object use `pprint`::
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from pretty import pprint
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pprint(complex_object)
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To get a string of the output use `pretty`::
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from pretty import pretty
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string = pretty(complex_object)
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Extending
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=========
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The pretty library allows developers to add pretty printing rules for their
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own objects. This process is straightforward. All you have to do is to
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add a `_repr_pretty_` method to your object and call the methods on the
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pretty printer passed::
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class MyObject(object):
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def _repr_pretty_(self, p, cycle):
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...
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Depending on the python version you want to support you have two
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possibilities. The following list shows the python 2.5 version and the
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compatibility one.
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Here the example implementation of a `_repr_pretty_` method for a list
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subclass for python 2.5 and higher (python 2.5 requires the with statement
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__future__ import)::
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class MyList(list):
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def _repr_pretty_(self, p, cycle):
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if cycle:
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p.text('MyList(...)')
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else:
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with p.group(8, 'MyList([', '])'):
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for idx, item in enumerate(self):
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if idx:
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p.text(',')
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p.breakable()
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p.pretty(item)
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The `cycle` parameter is `True` if pretty detected a cycle. You *have* to
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react to that or the result is an infinite loop. `p.text()` just adds
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non breaking text to the output, `p.breakable()` either adds a whitespace
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or breaks here. If you pass it an argument it's used instead of the
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default space. `p.pretty` prettyprints another object using the pretty print
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method.
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The first parameter to the `group` function specifies the extra indentation
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of the next line. In this example the next item will either be not
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breaked (if the items are short enough) or aligned with the right edge of
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the opening bracked of `MyList`.
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If you want to support python 2.4 and lower you can use this code::
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class MyList(list):
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def _repr_pretty_(self, p, cycle):
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if cycle:
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p.text('MyList(...)')
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else:
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p.begin_group(8, 'MyList([')
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for idx, item in enumerate(self):
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if idx:
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p.text(',')
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p.breakable()
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p.pretty(item)
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p.end_group(8, '])')
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If you just want to indent something you can use the group function
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without open / close parameters. Under python 2.5 you can also use this
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code::
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with p.indent(2):
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...
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Or under python2.4 you might want to modify ``p.indentation`` by hand but
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this is rather ugly.
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:copyright: 2007 by Armin Ronacher.
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Portions (c) 2009 by Robert Kern.
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:license: BSD License.
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"""
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from __future__ import with_statement
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from contextlib import contextmanager
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import sys
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import types
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import re
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import datetime
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from StringIO import StringIO
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from collections import deque
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__all__ = ['pretty', 'pprint', 'PrettyPrinter', 'RepresentationPrinter',
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'for_type', 'for_type_by_name']
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_re_pattern_type = type(re.compile(''))
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def pretty(obj, verbose=False, max_width=79, newline='\n'):
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"""
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Pretty print the object's representation.
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"""
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stream = StringIO()
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printer = RepresentationPrinter(stream, verbose, max_width, newline)
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printer.pretty(obj)
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printer.flush()
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return stream.getvalue()
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def pprint(obj, verbose=False, max_width=79, newline='\n'):
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"""
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Like `pretty` but print to stdout.
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"""
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printer = RepresentationPrinter(sys.stdout, verbose, max_width, newline)
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printer.pretty(obj)
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printer.flush()
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sys.stdout.write(newline)
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sys.stdout.flush()
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class _PrettyPrinterBase(object):
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@contextmanager
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def indent(self, indent):
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"""with statement support for indenting/dedenting."""
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self.indentation += indent
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try:
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yield
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finally:
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self.indentation -= indent
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@contextmanager
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def group(self, indent=0, open='', close=''):
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"""like begin_group / end_group but for the with statement."""
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self.begin_group(indent, open)
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try:
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with self.indent(indent):
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yield
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finally:
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self.end_group(indent, close)
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class PrettyPrinter(_PrettyPrinterBase):
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"""
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Baseclass for the `RepresentationPrinter` prettyprinter that is used to
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generate pretty reprs of objects. Contrary to the `RepresentationPrinter`
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this printer knows nothing about the default pprinters or the `_repr_pretty_`
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callback method.
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"""
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def __init__(self, output, max_width=79, newline='\n'):
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self.output = output
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self.max_width = max_width
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self.newline = newline
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self.output_width = 0
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self.buffer_width = 0
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self.buffer = deque()
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root_group = Group(0)
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self.group_stack = [root_group]
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self.group_queue = GroupQueue(root_group)
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self.indentation = 0
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def _break_outer_groups(self):
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while self.max_width < self.output_width + self.buffer_width:
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group = self.group_queue.deq()
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if not group:
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return
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while group.breakables:
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x = self.buffer.popleft()
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self.output_width = x.output(self.output, self.output_width)
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self.buffer_width -= x.width
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while self.buffer and isinstance(self.buffer[0], Text):
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x = self.buffer.popleft()
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self.output_width = x.output(self.output, self.output_width)
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self.buffer_width -= x.width
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def text(self, obj):
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"""Add literal text to the output."""
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width = len(obj)
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if self.buffer:
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text = self.buffer[-1]
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if not isinstance(text, Text):
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text = Text()
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self.buffer.append(text)
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text.add(obj, width)
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self.buffer_width += width
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self._break_outer_groups()
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else:
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self.output.write(obj)
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self.output_width += width
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def breakable(self, sep=' '):
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"""
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Add a breakable separator to the output. This does not mean that it
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will automatically break here. If no breaking on this position takes
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place the `sep` is inserted which default to one space.
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"""
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width = len(sep)
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group = self.group_stack[-1]
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if group.want_break:
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self.flush()
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self.output.write(self.newline)
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self.output.write(' ' * self.indentation)
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self.output_width = self.indentation
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self.buffer_width = 0
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else:
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self.buffer.append(Breakable(sep, width, self))
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self.buffer_width += width
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self._break_outer_groups()
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def begin_group(self, indent=0, open=''):
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"""
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Begin a group. If you want support for python < 2.5 which doesn't has
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the with statement this is the preferred way:
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p.begin_group(1, '{')
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...
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p.end_group(1, '}')
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The python 2.5 expression would be this:
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with p.group(1, '{', '}'):
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...
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The first parameter specifies the indentation for the next line (usually
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the width of the opening text), the second the opening text. All
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parameters are optional.
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"""
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if open:
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self.text(open)
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group = Group(self.group_stack[-1].depth + 1)
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self.group_stack.append(group)
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self.group_queue.enq(group)
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self.indentation += indent
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def end_group(self, dedent=0, close=''):
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"""End a group. See `begin_group` for more details."""
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self.indentation -= dedent
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group = self.group_stack.pop()
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if not group.breakables:
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self.group_queue.remove(group)
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if close:
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self.text(close)
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def flush(self):
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"""Flush data that is left in the buffer."""
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for data in self.buffer:
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self.output_width += data.output(self.output, self.output_width)
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self.buffer.clear()
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self.buffer_width = 0
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def _get_mro(obj_class):
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""" Get a reasonable method resolution order of a class and its superclasses
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for both old-style and new-style classes.
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"""
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if not hasattr(obj_class, '__mro__'):
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# Old-style class. Mix in object to make a fake new-style class.
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try:
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obj_class = type(obj_class.__name__, (obj_class, object), {})
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except TypeError:
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# Old-style extension type that does not descend from object.
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# FIXME: try to construct a more thorough MRO.
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mro = [obj_class]
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else:
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mro = obj_class.__mro__[1:-1]
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else:
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mro = obj_class.__mro__
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return mro
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class RepresentationPrinter(PrettyPrinter):
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"""
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Special pretty printer that has a `pretty` method that calls the pretty
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printer for a python object.
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This class stores processing data on `self` so you must *never* use
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this class in a threaded environment. Always lock it or reinstanciate
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it.
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Instances also have a verbose flag callbacks can access to control their
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output. For example the default instance repr prints all attributes and
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methods that are not prefixed by an underscore if the printer is in
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verbose mode.
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"""
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def __init__(self, output, verbose=False, max_width=79, newline='\n',
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singleton_pprinters=None, type_pprinters=None, deferred_pprinters=None):
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PrettyPrinter.__init__(self, output, max_width, newline)
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self.verbose = verbose
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self.stack = []
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if singleton_pprinters is None:
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singleton_pprinters = _singleton_pprinters.copy()
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self.singleton_pprinters = singleton_pprinters
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if type_pprinters is None:
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type_pprinters = _type_pprinters.copy()
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self.type_pprinters = type_pprinters
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if deferred_pprinters is None:
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deferred_pprinters = _deferred_type_pprinters.copy()
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self.deferred_pprinters = deferred_pprinters
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def pretty(self, obj):
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"""Pretty print the given object."""
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obj_id = id(obj)
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cycle = obj_id in self.stack
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self.stack.append(obj_id)
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self.begin_group()
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try:
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obj_class = getattr(obj, '__class__', None) or type(obj)
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# First try to find registered singleton printers for the type.
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try:
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printer = self.singleton_pprinters[obj_id]
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except (TypeError, KeyError):
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pass
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else:
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return printer(obj, self, cycle)
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# Next look for type_printers.
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for cls in _get_mro(obj_class):
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if cls in self.type_pprinters:
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return self.type_pprinters[cls](obj, self, cycle)
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else:
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printer = self._in_deferred_types(cls)
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if printer is not None:
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return printer(obj, self, cycle)
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# Finally look for special method names.
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if hasattr(obj_class, '_repr_pretty_'):
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return obj_class._repr_pretty_(obj, self, cycle)
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return _default_pprint(obj, self, cycle)
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finally:
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self.end_group()
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self.stack.pop()
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def _in_deferred_types(self, cls):
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"""
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Check if the given class is specified in the deferred type registry.
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Returns the printer from the registry if it exists, and None if the
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class is not in the registry. Successful matches will be moved to the
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regular type registry for future use.
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"""
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mod = getattr(cls, '__module__', None)
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name = getattr(cls, '__name__', None)
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key = (mod, name)
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printer = None
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if key in self.deferred_pprinters:
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# Move the printer over to the regular registry.
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printer = self.deferred_pprinters.pop(key)
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self.type_pprinters[cls] = printer
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return printer
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class Printable(object):
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|
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def output(self, stream, output_width):
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return output_width
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class Text(Printable):
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def __init__(self):
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self.objs = []
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self.width = 0
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|
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def output(self, stream, output_width):
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for obj in self.objs:
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stream.write(obj)
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return output_width + self.width
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def add(self, obj, width):
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self.objs.append(obj)
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self.width += width
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|
|
|
|
|
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class Breakable(Printable):
|
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|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, seq, width, pretty):
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self.obj = seq
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|
self.width = width
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|
self.pretty = pretty
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|
self.indentation = pretty.indentation
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|
self.group = pretty.group_stack[-1]
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self.group.breakables.append(self)
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|
|
|
def output(self, stream, output_width):
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|
self.group.breakables.popleft()
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|
if self.group.want_break:
|
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|
stream.write(self.pretty.newline)
|
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|
stream.write(' ' * self.indentation)
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|
return self.indentation
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|
if not self.group.breakables:
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|
self.pretty.group_queue.remove(self.group)
|
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|
stream.write(self.obj)
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return output_width + self.width
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Group(Printable):
|
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|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, depth):
|
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|
self.depth = depth
|
|
|
self.breakables = deque()
|
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|
self.want_break = False
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
class GroupQueue(object):
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|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, *groups):
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self.queue = []
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|
for group in groups:
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|
self.enq(group)
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|
|
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|
def enq(self, group):
|
|
|
depth = group.depth
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|
|
while depth > len(self.queue) - 1:
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|
self.queue.append([])
|
|
|
self.queue[depth].append(group)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def deq(self):
|
|
|
for stack in self.queue:
|
|
|
for idx, group in enumerate(reversed(stack)):
|
|
|
if group.breakables:
|
|
|
del stack[idx]
|
|
|
group.want_break = True
|
|
|
return group
|
|
|
for group in stack:
|
|
|
group.want_break = True
|
|
|
del stack[:]
|
|
|
|
|
|
def remove(self, group):
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
self.queue[group.depth].remove(group)
|
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
_baseclass_reprs = (object.__repr__, types.InstanceType.__repr__)
|
|
|
except AttributeError: # Python 3
|
|
|
_baseclass_reprs = (object.__repr__,)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _default_pprint(obj, p, cycle):
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
The default print function. Used if an object does not provide one and
|
|
|
it's none of the builtin objects.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
klass = getattr(obj, '__class__', None) or type(obj)
|
|
|
if getattr(klass, '__repr__', None) not in _baseclass_reprs:
|
|
|
# A user-provided repr.
|
|
|
p.text(repr(obj))
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
p.begin_group(1, '<')
|
|
|
p.pretty(klass)
|
|
|
p.text(' at 0x%x' % id(obj))
|
|
|
if cycle:
|
|
|
p.text(' ...')
|
|
|
elif p.verbose:
|
|
|
first = True
|
|
|
for key in dir(obj):
|
|
|
if not key.startswith('_'):
|
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|
try:
|
|
|
value = getattr(obj, key)
|
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|
except AttributeError:
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|
continue
|
|
|
if isinstance(value, types.MethodType):
|
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|
continue
|
|
|
if not first:
|
|
|
p.text(',')
|
|
|
p.breakable()
|
|
|
p.text(key)
|
|
|
p.text('=')
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|
|
step = len(key) + 1
|
|
|
p.indentation += step
|
|
|
p.pretty(value)
|
|
|
p.indentation -= step
|
|
|
first = False
|
|
|
p.end_group(1, '>')
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _seq_pprinter_factory(start, end, basetype):
|
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|
"""
|
|
|
Factory that returns a pprint function useful for sequences. Used by
|
|
|
the default pprint for tuples, dicts, lists, sets and frozensets.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
def inner(obj, p, cycle):
|
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|
typ = type(obj)
|
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|
if basetype is not None and typ is not basetype and typ.__repr__ != basetype.__repr__:
|
|
|
# If the subclass provides its own repr, use it instead.
|
|
|
return p.text(typ.__repr__(obj))
|
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|
|
|
|
if cycle:
|
|
|
return p.text(start + '...' + end)
|
|
|
step = len(start)
|
|
|
p.begin_group(step, start)
|
|
|
for idx, x in enumerate(obj):
|
|
|
if idx:
|
|
|
p.text(',')
|
|
|
p.breakable()
|
|
|
p.pretty(x)
|
|
|
if len(obj) == 1 and type(obj) is tuple:
|
|
|
# Special case for 1-item tuples.
|
|
|
p.text(',')
|
|
|
p.end_group(step, end)
|
|
|
return inner
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _dict_pprinter_factory(start, end, basetype=None):
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
Factory that returns a pprint function used by the default pprint of
|
|
|
dicts and dict proxies.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
def inner(obj, p, cycle):
|
|
|
typ = type(obj)
|
|
|
if basetype is not None and typ is not basetype and typ.__repr__ != basetype.__repr__:
|
|
|
# If the subclass provides its own repr, use it instead.
|
|
|
return p.text(typ.__repr__(obj))
|
|
|
|
|
|
if cycle:
|
|
|
return p.text('{...}')
|
|
|
p.begin_group(1, start)
|
|
|
keys = obj.keys()
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
keys.sort()
|
|
|
except Exception, e:
|
|
|
# Sometimes the keys don't sort.
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
for idx, key in enumerate(keys):
|
|
|
if idx:
|
|
|
p.text(',')
|
|
|
p.breakable()
|
|
|
p.pretty(key)
|
|
|
p.text(': ')
|
|
|
p.pretty(obj[key])
|
|
|
p.end_group(1, end)
|
|
|
return inner
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _super_pprint(obj, p, cycle):
|
|
|
"""The pprint for the super type."""
|
|
|
p.begin_group(8, '<super: ')
|
|
|
p.pretty(obj.__self_class__)
|
|
|
p.text(',')
|
|
|
p.breakable()
|
|
|
p.pretty(obj.__self__)
|
|
|
p.end_group(8, '>')
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _re_pattern_pprint(obj, p, cycle):
|
|
|
"""The pprint function for regular expression patterns."""
|
|
|
p.text('re.compile(')
|
|
|
pattern = repr(obj.pattern)
|
|
|
if pattern[:1] in 'uU':
|
|
|
pattern = pattern[1:]
|
|
|
prefix = 'ur'
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
prefix = 'r'
|
|
|
pattern = prefix + pattern.replace('\\\\', '\\')
|
|
|
p.text(pattern)
|
|
|
if obj.flags:
|
|
|
p.text(',')
|
|
|
p.breakable()
|
|
|
done_one = False
|
|
|
for flag in ('TEMPLATE', 'IGNORECASE', 'LOCALE', 'MULTILINE', 'DOTALL',
|
|
|
'UNICODE', 'VERBOSE', 'DEBUG'):
|
|
|
if obj.flags & getattr(re, flag):
|
|
|
if done_one:
|
|
|
p.text('|')
|
|
|
p.text('re.' + flag)
|
|
|
done_one = True
|
|
|
p.text(')')
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _type_pprint(obj, p, cycle):
|
|
|
"""The pprint for classes and types."""
|
|
|
if obj.__module__ in ('__builtin__', 'exceptions'):
|
|
|
name = obj.__name__
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
name = obj.__module__ + '.' + obj.__name__
|
|
|
p.text(name)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_pprint(obj, p, cycle):
|
|
|
"""A pprint that just redirects to the normal repr function."""
|
|
|
p.text(repr(obj))
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _function_pprint(obj, p, cycle):
|
|
|
"""Base pprint for all functions and builtin functions."""
|
|
|
if obj.__module__ in ('__builtin__', 'exceptions') or not obj.__module__:
|
|
|
name = obj.__name__
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
name = obj.__module__ + '.' + obj.__name__
|
|
|
p.text('<function %s>' % name)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _exception_pprint(obj, p, cycle):
|
|
|
"""Base pprint for all exceptions."""
|
|
|
if obj.__class__.__module__ == 'exceptions':
|
|
|
name = obj.__class__.__name__
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
name = '%s.%s' % (
|
|
|
obj.__class__.__module__,
|
|
|
obj.__class__.__name__
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
step = len(name) + 1
|
|
|
p.begin_group(step, '(')
|
|
|
for idx, arg in enumerate(getattr(obj, 'args', ())):
|
|
|
if idx:
|
|
|
p.text(',')
|
|
|
p.breakable()
|
|
|
p.pretty(arg)
|
|
|
p.end_group(step, ')')
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: the exception base
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
_exception_base = BaseException
|
|
|
except NameError:
|
|
|
_exception_base = Exception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: printers for builtin types
|
|
|
_type_pprinters = {
|
|
|
int: _repr_pprint,
|
|
|
long: _repr_pprint,
|
|
|
float: _repr_pprint,
|
|
|
str: _repr_pprint,
|
|
|
unicode: _repr_pprint,
|
|
|
tuple: _seq_pprinter_factory('(', ')', tuple),
|
|
|
list: _seq_pprinter_factory('[', ']', list),
|
|
|
dict: _dict_pprinter_factory('{', '}', dict),
|
|
|
|
|
|
set: _seq_pprinter_factory('set([', '])', set),
|
|
|
frozenset: _seq_pprinter_factory('frozenset([', '])', frozenset),
|
|
|
super: _super_pprint,
|
|
|
_re_pattern_type: _re_pattern_pprint,
|
|
|
type: _type_pprint,
|
|
|
types.FunctionType: _function_pprint,
|
|
|
types.BuiltinFunctionType: _function_pprint,
|
|
|
types.SliceType: _repr_pprint,
|
|
|
types.MethodType: _repr_pprint,
|
|
|
|
|
|
datetime.datetime: _repr_pprint,
|
|
|
datetime.timedelta: _repr_pprint,
|
|
|
_exception_base: _exception_pprint
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
_type_pprinters[types.DictProxyType] = _dict_pprinter_factory('<dictproxy {', '}>')
|
|
|
_type_pprinters[types.ClassType] = _type_pprint
|
|
|
except AttributeError: # Python 3
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
_type_pprinters[xrange] = _repr_pprint
|
|
|
except NameError:
|
|
|
_type_pprinters[range] = _repr_pprint
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: printers for types specified by name
|
|
|
_deferred_type_pprinters = {
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
def for_type(typ, func):
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
Add a pretty printer for a given type.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
oldfunc = _type_pprinters.get(typ, None)
|
|
|
if func is not None:
|
|
|
# To support easy restoration of old pprinters, we need to ignore Nones.
|
|
|
_type_pprinters[typ] = func
|
|
|
return oldfunc
|
|
|
|
|
|
def for_type_by_name(type_module, type_name, func):
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
Add a pretty printer for a type specified by the module and name of a type
|
|
|
rather than the type object itself.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
key = (type_module, type_name)
|
|
|
oldfunc = _deferred_type_pprinters.get(key, None)
|
|
|
if func is not None:
|
|
|
# To support easy restoration of old pprinters, we need to ignore Nones.
|
|
|
_deferred_type_pprinters[key] = func
|
|
|
return oldfunc
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: printers for the default singletons
|
|
|
_singleton_pprinters = dict.fromkeys(map(id, [None, True, False, Ellipsis,
|
|
|
NotImplemented]), _repr_pprint)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|
|
from random import randrange
|
|
|
class Foo(object):
|
|
|
def __init__(self):
|
|
|
self.foo = 1
|
|
|
self.bar = re.compile(r'\s+')
|
|
|
self.blub = dict.fromkeys(range(30), randrange(1, 40))
|
|
|
self.hehe = 23424.234234
|
|
|
self.list = ["blub", "blah", self]
|
|
|
|
|
|
def get_foo(self):
|
|
|
print "foo"
|
|
|
|
|
|
pprint(Foo(), verbose=True)
|
|
|
|
