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#!/usr/bin/env python
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"""Session object for building, serializing, sending, and receiving messages in
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IPython. The Session object supports serialization, HMAC signatures, and
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metadata on messages.
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Also defined here are utilities for working with Sessions:
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* A SessionFactory to be used as a base class for configurables that work with
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Sessions.
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* A Message object for convenience that allows attribute-access to the msg dict.
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Authors:
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* Min RK
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* Brian Granger
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* Fernando Perez
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"""
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Copyright (C) 2010-2011 The IPython Development Team
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#
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# Distributed under the terms of the BSD License. The full license is in
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# the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Imports
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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import hmac
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import logging
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import os
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import pprint
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import uuid
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from datetime import datetime
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try:
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import cPickle
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pickle = cPickle
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except:
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cPickle = None
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import pickle
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import zmq
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from zmq.utils import jsonapi
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from zmq.eventloop.ioloop import IOLoop
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from zmq.eventloop.zmqstream import ZMQStream
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from IPython.config.configurable import Configurable, LoggingConfigurable
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from IPython.utils.importstring import import_item
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from IPython.utils.jsonutil import extract_dates, squash_dates, date_default
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from IPython.utils.traitlets import CStr, Unicode, Bool, Any, Instance, Set
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# utility functions
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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def squash_unicode(obj):
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"""coerce unicode back to bytestrings."""
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if isinstance(obj,dict):
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for key in obj.keys():
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obj[key] = squash_unicode(obj[key])
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if isinstance(key, unicode):
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obj[squash_unicode(key)] = obj.pop(key)
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elif isinstance(obj, list):
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for i,v in enumerate(obj):
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obj[i] = squash_unicode(v)
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elif isinstance(obj, unicode):
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obj = obj.encode('utf8')
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return obj
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# globals and defaults
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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key = 'on_unknown' if jsonapi.jsonmod.__name__ == 'jsonlib' else 'default'
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json_packer = lambda obj: jsonapi.dumps(obj, **{key:date_default})
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json_unpacker = lambda s: extract_dates(jsonapi.loads(s))
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pickle_packer = lambda o: pickle.dumps(o,-1)
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pickle_unpacker = pickle.loads
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default_packer = json_packer
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default_unpacker = json_unpacker
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DELIM="<IDS|MSG>"
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Classes
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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class SessionFactory(LoggingConfigurable):
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"""The Base class for configurables that have a Session, Context, logger,
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and IOLoop.
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"""
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logname = Unicode('')
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def _logname_changed(self, name, old, new):
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self.log = logging.getLogger(new)
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# not configurable:
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context = Instance('zmq.Context')
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def _context_default(self):
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return zmq.Context.instance()
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session = Instance('IPython.zmq.session.Session')
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loop = Instance('zmq.eventloop.ioloop.IOLoop', allow_none=False)
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def _loop_default(self):
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return IOLoop.instance()
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def __init__(self, **kwargs):
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super(SessionFactory, self).__init__(**kwargs)
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if self.session is None:
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# construct the session
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self.session = Session(**kwargs)
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class Message(object):
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"""A simple message object that maps dict keys to attributes.
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A Message can be created from a dict and a dict from a Message instance
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simply by calling dict(msg_obj)."""
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def __init__(self, msg_dict):
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dct = self.__dict__
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for k, v in dict(msg_dict).iteritems():
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if isinstance(v, dict):
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v = Message(v)
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dct[k] = v
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# Having this iterator lets dict(msg_obj) work out of the box.
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def __iter__(self):
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return iter(self.__dict__.iteritems())
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def __repr__(self):
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return repr(self.__dict__)
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def __str__(self):
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return pprint.pformat(self.__dict__)
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def __contains__(self, k):
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return k in self.__dict__
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def __getitem__(self, k):
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return self.__dict__[k]
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def msg_header(msg_id, msg_type, username, session):
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date = datetime.now()
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return locals()
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def extract_header(msg_or_header):
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"""Given a message or header, return the header."""
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if not msg_or_header:
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return {}
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try:
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# See if msg_or_header is the entire message.
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h = msg_or_header['header']
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except KeyError:
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try:
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# See if msg_or_header is just the header
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h = msg_or_header['msg_id']
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except KeyError:
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raise
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else:
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h = msg_or_header
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if not isinstance(h, dict):
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h = dict(h)
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return h
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class Session(Configurable):
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"""Object for handling serialization and sending of messages.
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The Session object handles building messages and sending them
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with ZMQ sockets or ZMQStream objects. Objects can communicate with each
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other over the network via Session objects, and only need to work with the
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dict-based IPython message spec. The Session will handle
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serialization/deserialization, security, and metadata.
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Sessions support configurable serialiization via packer/unpacker traits,
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and signing with HMAC digests via the key/keyfile traits.
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Parameters
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----------
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debug : bool
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whether to trigger extra debugging statements
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packer/unpacker : str : 'json', 'pickle' or import_string
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importstrings for methods to serialize message parts. If just
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'json' or 'pickle', predefined JSON and pickle packers will be used.
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Otherwise, the entire importstring must be used.
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The functions must accept at least valid JSON input, and output *bytes*.
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For example, to use msgpack:
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packer = 'msgpack.packb', unpacker='msgpack.unpackb'
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pack/unpack : callables
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You can also set the pack/unpack callables for serialization directly.
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session : bytes
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the ID of this Session object. The default is to generate a new UUID.
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username : unicode
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username added to message headers. The default is to ask the OS.
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key : bytes
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The key used to initialize an HMAC signature. If unset, messages
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will not be signed or checked.
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keyfile : filepath
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The file containing a key. If this is set, `key` will be initialized
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to the contents of the file.
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"""
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debug=Bool(False, config=True, help="""Debug output in the Session""")
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packer = Unicode('json',config=True,
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help="""The name of the packer for serializing messages.
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Should be one of 'json', 'pickle', or an import name
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for a custom callable serializer.""")
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def _packer_changed(self, name, old, new):
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if new.lower() == 'json':
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self.pack = json_packer
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self.unpack = json_unpacker
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elif new.lower() == 'pickle':
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self.pack = pickle_packer
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self.unpack = pickle_unpacker
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else:
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self.pack = import_item(str(new))
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unpacker = Unicode('json', config=True,
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help="""The name of the unpacker for unserializing messages.
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Only used with custom functions for `packer`.""")
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def _unpacker_changed(self, name, old, new):
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if new.lower() == 'json':
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self.pack = json_packer
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self.unpack = json_unpacker
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elif new.lower() == 'pickle':
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self.pack = pickle_packer
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self.unpack = pickle_unpacker
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else:
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self.unpack = import_item(str(new))
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session = CStr('', config=True,
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help="""The UUID identifying this session.""")
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def _session_default(self):
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return bytes(uuid.uuid4())
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username = Unicode(os.environ.get('USER','username'), config=True,
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help="""Username for the Session. Default is your system username.""")
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# message signature related traits:
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key = CStr('', config=True,
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help="""execution key, for extra authentication.""")
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def _key_changed(self, name, old, new):
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if new:
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self.auth = hmac.HMAC(new)
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else:
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self.auth = None
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auth = Instance(hmac.HMAC)
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digest_history = Set()
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keyfile = Unicode('', config=True,
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help="""path to file containing execution key.""")
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def _keyfile_changed(self, name, old, new):
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with open(new, 'rb') as f:
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self.key = f.read().strip()
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pack = Any(default_packer) # the actual packer function
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def _pack_changed(self, name, old, new):
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if not callable(new):
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raise TypeError("packer must be callable, not %s"%type(new))
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unpack = Any(default_unpacker) # the actual packer function
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def _unpack_changed(self, name, old, new):
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# unpacker is not checked - it is assumed to be
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if not callable(new):
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raise TypeError("unpacker must be callable, not %s"%type(new))
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def __init__(self, **kwargs):
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"""create a Session object
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Parameters
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----------
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debug : bool
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whether to trigger extra debugging statements
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packer/unpacker : str : 'json', 'pickle' or import_string
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importstrings for methods to serialize message parts. If just
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'json' or 'pickle', predefined JSON and pickle packers will be used.
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Otherwise, the entire importstring must be used.
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The functions must accept at least valid JSON input, and output
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*bytes*.
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For example, to use msgpack:
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packer = 'msgpack.packb', unpacker='msgpack.unpackb'
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pack/unpack : callables
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You can also set the pack/unpack callables for serialization
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directly.
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session : bytes
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the ID of this Session object. The default is to generate a new
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UUID.
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username : unicode
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username added to message headers. The default is to ask the OS.
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key : bytes
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The key used to initialize an HMAC signature. If unset, messages
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will not be signed or checked.
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keyfile : filepath
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The file containing a key. If this is set, `key` will be
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initialized to the contents of the file.
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"""
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super(Session, self).__init__(**kwargs)
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self._check_packers()
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self.none = self.pack({})
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@property
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def msg_id(self):
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"""always return new uuid"""
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return str(uuid.uuid4())
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def _check_packers(self):
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"""check packers for binary data and datetime support."""
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pack = self.pack
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unpack = self.unpack
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# check simple serialization
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msg = dict(a=[1,'hi'])
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try:
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packed = pack(msg)
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except Exception:
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raise ValueError("packer could not serialize a simple message")
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# ensure packed message is bytes
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if not isinstance(packed, bytes):
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raise ValueError("message packed to %r, but bytes are required"%type(packed))
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# check that unpack is pack's inverse
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try:
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unpacked = unpack(packed)
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except Exception:
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raise ValueError("unpacker could not handle the packer's output")
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# check datetime support
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msg = dict(t=datetime.now())
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try:
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unpacked = unpack(pack(msg))
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except Exception:
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self.pack = lambda o: pack(squash_dates(o))
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self.unpack = lambda s: extract_dates(unpack(s))
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def msg_header(self, msg_type):
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return msg_header(self.msg_id, msg_type, self.username, self.session)
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def msg(self, msg_type, content=None, parent=None, subheader=None):
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msg = {}
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msg['header'] = self.msg_header(msg_type)
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msg['msg_id'] = msg['header']['msg_id']
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msg['parent_header'] = {} if parent is None else extract_header(parent)
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msg['msg_type'] = msg_type
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msg['content'] = {} if content is None else content
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sub = {} if subheader is None else subheader
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msg['header'].update(sub)
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return msg
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def sign(self, msg):
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"""Sign a message with HMAC digest. If no auth, return b''."""
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if self.auth is None:
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return b''
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h = self.auth.copy()
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for m in msg:
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h.update(m)
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return h.hexdigest()
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def serialize(self, msg, ident=None):
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"""Serialize the message components to bytes.
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Returns
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-------
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list of bytes objects
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"""
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content = msg.get('content', {})
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if content is None:
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content = self.none
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elif isinstance(content, dict):
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content = self.pack(content)
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elif isinstance(content, bytes):
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# content is already packed, as in a relayed message
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pass
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elif isinstance(content, unicode):
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# should be bytes, but JSON often spits out unicode
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content = content.encode('utf8')
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else:
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raise TypeError("Content incorrect type: %s"%type(content))
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real_message = [self.pack(msg['header']),
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self.pack(msg['parent_header']),
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content
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]
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to_send = []
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if isinstance(ident, list):
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# accept list of idents
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to_send.extend(ident)
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elif ident is not None:
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to_send.append(ident)
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to_send.append(DELIM)
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signature = self.sign(real_message)
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to_send.append(signature)
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to_send.extend(real_message)
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return to_send
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def send(self, stream, msg_or_type, content=None, parent=None, ident=None,
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buffers=None, subheader=None, track=False):
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"""Build and send a message via stream or socket.
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Parameters
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----------
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stream : zmq.Socket or ZMQStream
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the socket-like object used to send the data
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msg_or_type : str or Message/dict
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Normally, msg_or_type will be a msg_type unless a message is being
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sent more than once.
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content : dict or None
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the content of the message (ignored if msg_or_type is a message)
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parent : Message or dict or None
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the parent or parent header describing the parent of this message
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ident : bytes or list of bytes
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the zmq.IDENTITY routing path
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subheader : dict or None
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extra header keys for this message's header
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buffers : list or None
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the already-serialized buffers to be appended to the message
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track : bool
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whether to track. Only for use with Sockets,
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because ZMQStream objects cannot track messages.
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Returns
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-------
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msg : message dict
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the constructed message
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(msg,tracker) : (message dict, MessageTracker)
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if track=True, then a 2-tuple will be returned,
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the first element being the constructed
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message, and the second being the MessageTracker
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"""
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if not isinstance(stream, (zmq.Socket, ZMQStream)):
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raise TypeError("stream must be Socket or ZMQStream, not %r"%type(stream))
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|
elif track and isinstance(stream, ZMQStream):
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|
|
raise TypeError("ZMQStream cannot track messages")
|
|
|
|
|
|
if isinstance(msg_or_type, (Message, dict)):
|
|
|
# we got a Message, not a msg_type
|
|
|
# don't build a new Message
|
|
|
msg = msg_or_type
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
msg = self.msg(msg_or_type, content, parent, subheader)
|
|
|
|
|
|
buffers = [] if buffers is None else buffers
|
|
|
to_send = self.serialize(msg, ident)
|
|
|
flag = 0
|
|
|
if buffers:
|
|
|
flag = zmq.SNDMORE
|
|
|
_track = False
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
_track=track
|
|
|
if track:
|
|
|
tracker = stream.send_multipart(to_send, flag, copy=False, track=_track)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
tracker = stream.send_multipart(to_send, flag, copy=False)
|
|
|
for b in buffers[:-1]:
|
|
|
stream.send(b, flag, copy=False)
|
|
|
if buffers:
|
|
|
if track:
|
|
|
tracker = stream.send(buffers[-1], copy=False, track=track)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
tracker = stream.send(buffers[-1], copy=False)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# omsg = Message(msg)
|
|
|
if self.debug:
|
|
|
pprint.pprint(msg)
|
|
|
pprint.pprint(to_send)
|
|
|
pprint.pprint(buffers)
|
|
|
|
|
|
msg['tracker'] = tracker
|
|
|
|
|
|
return msg
|
|
|
|
|
|
def send_raw(self, stream, msg, flags=0, copy=True, ident=None):
|
|
|
"""Send a raw message via ident path.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
msg : list of sendable buffers"""
|
|
|
to_send = []
|
|
|
if isinstance(ident, bytes):
|
|
|
ident = [ident]
|
|
|
if ident is not None:
|
|
|
to_send.extend(ident)
|
|
|
|
|
|
to_send.append(DELIM)
|
|
|
to_send.append(self.sign(msg))
|
|
|
to_send.extend(msg)
|
|
|
stream.send_multipart(msg, flags, copy=copy)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def recv(self, socket, mode=zmq.NOBLOCK, content=True, copy=True):
|
|
|
"""receives and unpacks a message
|
|
|
returns [idents], msg"""
|
|
|
if isinstance(socket, ZMQStream):
|
|
|
socket = socket.socket
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
msg = socket.recv_multipart(mode)
|
|
|
except zmq.ZMQError as e:
|
|
|
if e.errno == zmq.EAGAIN:
|
|
|
# We can convert EAGAIN to None as we know in this case
|
|
|
# recv_multipart won't return None.
|
|
|
return None,None
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
raise
|
|
|
# split multipart message into identity list and message dict
|
|
|
# invalid large messages can cause very expensive string comparisons
|
|
|
idents, msg = self.feed_identities(msg, copy)
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
return idents, self.unpack_message(msg, content=content, copy=copy)
|
|
|
except Exception as e:
|
|
|
print (idents, msg)
|
|
|
# TODO: handle it
|
|
|
raise e
|
|
|
|
|
|
def feed_identities(self, msg, copy=True):
|
|
|
"""feed until DELIM is reached, then return the prefix as idents and
|
|
|
remainder as msg. This is easily broken by setting an IDENT to DELIM,
|
|
|
but that would be silly.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
msg : a list of Message or bytes objects
|
|
|
the message to be split
|
|
|
copy : bool
|
|
|
flag determining whether the arguments are bytes or Messages
|
|
|
|
|
|
Returns
|
|
|
-------
|
|
|
(idents,msg) : two lists
|
|
|
idents will always be a list of bytes - the indentity prefix
|
|
|
msg will be a list of bytes or Messages, unchanged from input
|
|
|
msg should be unpackable via self.unpack_message at this point.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
if copy:
|
|
|
idx = msg.index(DELIM)
|
|
|
return msg[:idx], msg[idx+1:]
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
failed = True
|
|
|
for idx,m in enumerate(msg):
|
|
|
if m.bytes == DELIM:
|
|
|
failed = False
|
|
|
break
|
|
|
if failed:
|
|
|
raise ValueError("DELIM not in msg")
|
|
|
idents, msg = msg[:idx], msg[idx+1:]
|
|
|
return [m.bytes for m in idents], msg
|
|
|
|
|
|
def unpack_message(self, msg, content=True, copy=True):
|
|
|
"""Return a message object from the format
|
|
|
sent by self.send.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters:
|
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
|
|
content : bool (True)
|
|
|
whether to unpack the content dict (True),
|
|
|
or leave it serialized (False)
|
|
|
|
|
|
copy : bool (True)
|
|
|
whether to return the bytes (True),
|
|
|
or the non-copying Message object in each place (False)
|
|
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
minlen = 4
|
|
|
message = {}
|
|
|
if not copy:
|
|
|
for i in range(minlen):
|
|
|
msg[i] = msg[i].bytes
|
|
|
if self.auth is not None:
|
|
|
signature = msg[0]
|
|
|
if signature in self.digest_history:
|
|
|
raise ValueError("Duplicate Signature: %r"%signature)
|
|
|
self.digest_history.add(signature)
|
|
|
check = self.sign(msg[1:4])
|
|
|
if not signature == check:
|
|
|
raise ValueError("Invalid Signature: %r"%signature)
|
|
|
if not len(msg) >= minlen:
|
|
|
raise TypeError("malformed message, must have at least %i elements"%minlen)
|
|
|
message['header'] = self.unpack(msg[1])
|
|
|
message['msg_type'] = message['header']['msg_type']
|
|
|
message['parent_header'] = self.unpack(msg[2])
|
|
|
if content:
|
|
|
message['content'] = self.unpack(msg[3])
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
message['content'] = msg[3]
|
|
|
|
|
|
message['buffers'] = msg[4:]
|
|
|
return message
|
|
|
|
|
|
def test_msg2obj():
|
|
|
am = dict(x=1)
|
|
|
ao = Message(am)
|
|
|
assert ao.x == am['x']
|
|
|
|
|
|
am['y'] = dict(z=1)
|
|
|
ao = Message(am)
|
|
|
assert ao.y.z == am['y']['z']
|
|
|
|
|
|
k1, k2 = 'y', 'z'
|
|
|
assert ao[k1][k2] == am[k1][k2]
|
|
|
|
|
|
am2 = dict(ao)
|
|
|
assert am['x'] == am2['x']
|
|
|
assert am['y']['z'] == am2['y']['z']
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
