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"""Implementation of code management magic functions.
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"""
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Copyright (c) 2012 The IPython Development Team.
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#
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# Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
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#
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# The full license is in the file COPYING.txt, distributed with this software.
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Imports
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Stdlib
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import inspect
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import io
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import os
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import re
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import sys
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import ast
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from itertools import chain
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from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
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from urllib.parse import urlencode
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from pathlib import Path
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# Our own packages
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from IPython.core.error import TryNext, StdinNotImplementedError, UsageError
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from IPython.core.macro import Macro
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from IPython.core.magic import Magics, magics_class, line_magic
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from IPython.core.oinspect import find_file, find_source_lines
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from IPython.core.release import version
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from IPython.testing.skipdoctest import skip_doctest
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from IPython.utils.contexts import preserve_keys
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from IPython.utils.path import get_py_filename
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from warnings import warn
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from logging import error
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from IPython.utils.text import get_text_list
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Magic implementation classes
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Used for exception handling in magic_edit
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class MacroToEdit(ValueError): pass
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ipython_input_pat = re.compile(r"<ipython\-input\-(\d+)-[a-z\d]+>$")
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# To match, e.g. 8-10 1:5 :10 3-
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range_re = re.compile(r"""
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(?P<start>\d+)?
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((?P<sep>[\-:])
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(?P<end>\d+)?)?
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$""", re.VERBOSE)
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def extract_code_ranges(ranges_str):
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"""Turn a string of range for %%load into 2-tuples of (start, stop)
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ready to use as a slice of the content split by lines.
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Examples
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--------
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list(extract_input_ranges("5-10 2"))
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[(4, 10), (1, 2)]
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"""
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for range_str in ranges_str.split():
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rmatch = range_re.match(range_str)
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if not rmatch:
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continue
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sep = rmatch.group("sep")
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start = rmatch.group("start")
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end = rmatch.group("end")
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if sep == '-':
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start = int(start) - 1 if start else None
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end = int(end) if end else None
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elif sep == ':':
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start = int(start) - 1 if start else None
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end = int(end) - 1 if end else None
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else:
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end = int(start)
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start = int(start) - 1
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yield (start, end)
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def extract_symbols(code, symbols):
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"""
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Return a tuple (blocks, not_found)
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where ``blocks`` is a list of code fragments
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for each symbol parsed from code, and ``not_found`` are
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symbols not found in the code.
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For example::
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In [1]: code = '''a = 10
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...: def b(): return 42
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...: class A: pass'''
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In [2]: extract_symbols(code, 'A,b,z')
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Out[2]: (['class A: pass\\n', 'def b(): return 42\\n'], ['z'])
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"""
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symbols = symbols.split(',')
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# this will raise SyntaxError if code isn't valid Python
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py_code = ast.parse(code)
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marks = [(getattr(s, 'name', None), s.lineno) for s in py_code.body]
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code = code.split('\n')
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symbols_lines = {}
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# we already know the start_lineno of each symbol (marks).
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# To find each end_lineno, we traverse in reverse order until each
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# non-blank line
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end = len(code)
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for name, start in reversed(marks):
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while not code[end - 1].strip():
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end -= 1
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if name:
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symbols_lines[name] = (start - 1, end)
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end = start - 1
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# Now symbols_lines is a map
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# {'symbol_name': (start_lineno, end_lineno), ...}
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# fill a list with chunks of codes for each requested symbol
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blocks = []
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not_found = []
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for symbol in symbols:
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if symbol in symbols_lines:
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start, end = symbols_lines[symbol]
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blocks.append('\n'.join(code[start:end]) + '\n')
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else:
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not_found.append(symbol)
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return blocks, not_found
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def strip_initial_indent(lines):
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"""For %load, strip indent from lines until finding an unindented line.
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https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues/9775
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"""
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indent_re = re.compile(r'\s+')
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it = iter(lines)
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first_line = next(it)
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indent_match = indent_re.match(first_line)
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if indent_match:
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# First line was indented
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indent = indent_match.group()
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yield first_line[len(indent):]
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for line in it:
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if line.startswith(indent):
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yield line[len(indent):]
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else:
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# Less indented than the first line - stop dedenting
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yield line
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break
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else:
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yield first_line
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# Pass the remaining lines through without dedenting
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for line in it:
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yield line
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class InteractivelyDefined(Exception):
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"""Exception for interactively defined variable in magic_edit"""
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def __init__(self, index):
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self.index = index
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@magics_class
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class CodeMagics(Magics):
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"""Magics related to code management (loading, saving, editing, ...)."""
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def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
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self._knowntemps = set()
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super(CodeMagics, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
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@line_magic
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def save(self, parameter_s=''):
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"""Save a set of lines or a macro to a given filename.
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Usage:\\
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%save [options] filename [history]
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Options:
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-r: use 'raw' input. By default, the 'processed' history is used,
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so that magics are loaded in their transformed version to valid
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Python. If this option is given, the raw input as typed as the
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command line is used instead.
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-f: force overwrite. If file exists, %save will prompt for overwrite
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unless -f is given.
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-a: append to the file instead of overwriting it.
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The history argument uses the same syntax as %history for input ranges,
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then saves the lines to the filename you specify.
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If no ranges are specified, saves history of the current session up to
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this point.
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It adds a '.py' extension to the file if you don't do so yourself, and
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it asks for confirmation before overwriting existing files.
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If `-r` option is used, the default extension is `.ipy`.
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"""
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opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'fra',mode='list')
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if not args:
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raise UsageError('Missing filename.')
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raw = 'r' in opts
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force = 'f' in opts
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append = 'a' in opts
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mode = 'a' if append else 'w'
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ext = '.ipy' if raw else '.py'
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fname, codefrom = args[0], " ".join(args[1:])
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if not fname.endswith(('.py','.ipy')):
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fname += ext
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fname = os.path.expanduser(fname)
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file_exists = os.path.isfile(fname)
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if file_exists and not force and not append:
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try:
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overwrite = self.shell.ask_yes_no('File `%s` exists. Overwrite (y/[N])? ' % fname, default='n')
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except StdinNotImplementedError:
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print("File `%s` exists. Use `%%save -f %s` to force overwrite" % (fname, parameter_s))
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return
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if not overwrite :
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print('Operation cancelled.')
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return
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try:
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cmds = self.shell.find_user_code(codefrom,raw)
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except (TypeError, ValueError) as e:
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print(e.args[0])
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return
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with io.open(fname, mode, encoding="utf-8") as f:
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if not file_exists or not append:
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f.write("# coding: utf-8\n")
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f.write(cmds)
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# make sure we end on a newline
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if not cmds.endswith('\n'):
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f.write('\n')
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print('The following commands were written to file `%s`:' % fname)
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print(cmds)
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@line_magic
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def pastebin(self, parameter_s=''):
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"""Upload code to dpaste.com, returning the URL.
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Usage:\\
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%pastebin [-d "Custom description"][-e 24] 1-7
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The argument can be an input history range, a filename, or the name of a
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string or macro.
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If no arguments are given, uploads the history of this session up to
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this point.
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Options:
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-d: Pass a custom description. The default will say
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"Pasted from IPython".
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-e: Pass number of days for the link to be expired.
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The default will be 7 days.
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"""
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opts, args = self.parse_options(parameter_s, "d:e:")
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try:
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code = self.shell.find_user_code(args)
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except (ValueError, TypeError) as e:
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print(e.args[0])
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return
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expiry_days = 7
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try:
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expiry_days = int(opts.get("e", 7))
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except ValueError as e:
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print(e.args[0].capitalize())
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return
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if expiry_days < 1 or expiry_days > 365:
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print("Expiry days should be in range of 1 to 365")
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return
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post_data = urlencode(
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{
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"title": opts.get("d", "Pasted from IPython"),
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"syntax": "python",
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"content": code,
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"expiry_days": expiry_days,
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}
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).encode("utf-8")
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request = Request(
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"https://dpaste.com/api/v2/",
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headers={"User-Agent": "IPython v{}".format(version)},
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)
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response = urlopen(request, post_data)
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return response.headers.get('Location')
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@line_magic
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def loadpy(self, arg_s):
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"""Alias of `%load`
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`%loadpy` has gained some flexibility and dropped the requirement of a `.py`
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extension. So it has been renamed simply into %load. You can look at
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`%load`'s docstring for more info.
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"""
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self.load(arg_s)
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@line_magic
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def load(self, arg_s):
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"""Load code into the current frontend.
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Usage:\\
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%load [options] source
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where source can be a filename, URL, input history range, macro, or
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element in the user namespace
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If no arguments are given, loads the history of this session up to this
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point.
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Options:
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-r <lines>: Specify lines or ranges of lines to load from the source.
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Ranges could be specified as x-y (x..y) or in python-style x:y
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(x..(y-1)). Both limits x and y can be left blank (meaning the
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beginning and end of the file, respectively).
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-s <symbols>: Specify function or classes to load from python source.
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-y : Don't ask confirmation for loading source above 200 000 characters.
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-n : Include the user's namespace when searching for source code.
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This magic command can either take a local filename, a URL, an history
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range (see %history) or a macro as argument, it will prompt for
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confirmation before loading source with more than 200 000 characters, unless
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-y flag is passed or if the frontend does not support raw_input::
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%load
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%load myscript.py
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%load 7-27
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%load myMacro
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%load http://www.example.com/myscript.py
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%load -r 5-10 myscript.py
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%load -r 10-20,30,40: foo.py
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%load -s MyClass,wonder_function myscript.py
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%load -n MyClass
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%load -n my_module.wonder_function
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"""
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opts,args = self.parse_options(arg_s,'yns:r:')
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search_ns = 'n' in opts
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contents = self.shell.find_user_code(args, search_ns=search_ns)
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if 's' in opts:
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try:
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blocks, not_found = extract_symbols(contents, opts['s'])
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except SyntaxError:
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# non python code
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error("Unable to parse the input as valid Python code")
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return
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if len(not_found) == 1:
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warn('The symbol `%s` was not found' % not_found[0])
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elif len(not_found) > 1:
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warn('The symbols %s were not found' % get_text_list(not_found,
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wrap_item_with='`')
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)
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contents = '\n'.join(blocks)
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if 'r' in opts:
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ranges = opts['r'].replace(',', ' ')
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lines = contents.split('\n')
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slices = extract_code_ranges(ranges)
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contents = [lines[slice(*slc)] for slc in slices]
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contents = '\n'.join(strip_initial_indent(chain.from_iterable(contents)))
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l = len(contents)
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# 200 000 is ~ 2500 full 80 character lines
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# so in average, more than 5000 lines
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if l > 200000 and 'y' not in opts:
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try:
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ans = self.shell.ask_yes_no(("The text you're trying to load seems pretty big"\
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" (%d characters). Continue (y/[N]) ?" % l), default='n' )
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except StdinNotImplementedError:
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#assume yes if raw input not implemented
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ans = True
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if ans is False :
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print('Operation cancelled.')
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return
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contents = "# %load {}\n".format(arg_s) + contents
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self.shell.set_next_input(contents, replace=True)
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@staticmethod
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def _find_edit_target(shell, args, opts, last_call):
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"""Utility method used by magic_edit to find what to edit."""
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def make_filename(arg):
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"Make a filename from the given args"
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try:
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filename = get_py_filename(arg)
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except IOError:
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# If it ends with .py but doesn't already exist, assume we want
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# a new file.
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if arg.endswith('.py'):
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filename = arg
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else:
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filename = None
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return filename
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# Set a few locals from the options for convenience:
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opts_prev = 'p' in opts
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opts_raw = 'r' in opts
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# custom exceptions
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class DataIsObject(Exception): pass
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# Default line number value
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lineno = opts.get('n',None)
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if opts_prev:
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args = '_%s' % last_call[0]
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if args not in shell.user_ns:
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args = last_call[1]
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# by default this is done with temp files, except when the given
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# arg is a filename
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use_temp = True
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data = ''
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# First, see if the arguments should be a filename.
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filename = make_filename(args)
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if filename:
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use_temp = False
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elif args:
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# Mode where user specifies ranges of lines, like in %macro.
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data = shell.extract_input_lines(args, opts_raw)
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if not data:
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try:
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# Load the parameter given as a variable. If not a string,
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|
# process it as an object instead (below)
|
|
|
|
|
|
#print '*** args',args,'type',type(args) # dbg
|
|
|
data = eval(args, shell.user_ns)
|
|
|
if not isinstance(data, str):
|
|
|
raise DataIsObject
|
|
|
|
|
|
except (NameError,SyntaxError):
|
|
|
# given argument is not a variable, try as a filename
|
|
|
filename = make_filename(args)
|
|
|
if filename is None:
|
|
|
warn("Argument given (%s) can't be found as a variable "
|
|
|
"or as a filename." % args)
|
|
|
return (None, None, None)
|
|
|
use_temp = False
|
|
|
|
|
|
except DataIsObject as e:
|
|
|
# macros have a special edit function
|
|
|
if isinstance(data, Macro):
|
|
|
raise MacroToEdit(data) from e
|
|
|
|
|
|
# For objects, try to edit the file where they are defined
|
|
|
filename = find_file(data)
|
|
|
if filename:
|
|
|
if 'fakemodule' in filename.lower() and \
|
|
|
inspect.isclass(data):
|
|
|
# class created by %edit? Try to find source
|
|
|
# by looking for method definitions instead, the
|
|
|
# __module__ in those classes is FakeModule.
|
|
|
attrs = [getattr(data, aname) for aname in dir(data)]
|
|
|
for attr in attrs:
|
|
|
if not inspect.ismethod(attr):
|
|
|
continue
|
|
|
filename = find_file(attr)
|
|
|
if filename and \
|
|
|
'fakemodule' not in filename.lower():
|
|
|
# change the attribute to be the edit
|
|
|
# target instead
|
|
|
data = attr
|
|
|
break
|
|
|
|
|
|
m = ipython_input_pat.match(os.path.basename(filename))
|
|
|
if m:
|
|
|
raise InteractivelyDefined(int(m.groups()[0])) from e
|
|
|
|
|
|
datafile = 1
|
|
|
if filename is None:
|
|
|
filename = make_filename(args)
|
|
|
datafile = 1
|
|
|
if filename is not None:
|
|
|
# only warn about this if we get a real name
|
|
|
warn('Could not find file where `%s` is defined.\n'
|
|
|
'Opening a file named `%s`' % (args, filename))
|
|
|
# Now, make sure we can actually read the source (if it was
|
|
|
# in a temp file it's gone by now).
|
|
|
if datafile:
|
|
|
if lineno is None:
|
|
|
lineno = find_source_lines(data)
|
|
|
if lineno is None:
|
|
|
filename = make_filename(args)
|
|
|
if filename is None:
|
|
|
warn('The file where `%s` was defined '
|
|
|
'cannot be read or found.' % data)
|
|
|
return (None, None, None)
|
|
|
use_temp = False
|
|
|
|
|
|
if use_temp:
|
|
|
filename = shell.mktempfile(data)
|
|
|
print('IPython will make a temporary file named:',filename)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# use last_call to remember the state of the previous call, but don't
|
|
|
# let it be clobbered by successive '-p' calls.
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
last_call[0] = shell.displayhook.prompt_count
|
|
|
if not opts_prev:
|
|
|
last_call[1] = args
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return filename, lineno, use_temp
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _edit_macro(self,mname,macro):
|
|
|
"""open an editor with the macro data in a file"""
|
|
|
filename = self.shell.mktempfile(macro.value)
|
|
|
self.shell.hooks.editor(filename)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# and make a new macro object, to replace the old one
|
|
|
mvalue = Path(filename).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
|
|
|
self.shell.user_ns[mname] = Macro(mvalue)
|
|
|
|
|
|
@skip_doctest
|
|
|
@line_magic
|
|
|
def edit(self, parameter_s='',last_call=['','']):
|
|
|
"""Bring up an editor and execute the resulting code.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Usage:
|
|
|
%edit [options] [args]
|
|
|
|
|
|
%edit runs IPython's editor hook. The default version of this hook is
|
|
|
set to call the editor specified by your $EDITOR environment variable.
|
|
|
If this isn't found, it will default to vi under Linux/Unix and to
|
|
|
notepad under Windows. See the end of this docstring for how to change
|
|
|
the editor hook.
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can also set the value of this editor via the
|
|
|
``TerminalInteractiveShell.editor`` option in your configuration file.
|
|
|
This is useful if you wish to use a different editor from your typical
|
|
|
default with IPython (and for Windows users who typically don't set
|
|
|
environment variables).
|
|
|
|
|
|
This command allows you to conveniently edit multi-line code right in
|
|
|
your IPython session.
|
|
|
|
|
|
If called without arguments, %edit opens up an empty editor with a
|
|
|
temporary file and will execute the contents of this file when you
|
|
|
close it (don't forget to save it!).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options:
|
|
|
|
|
|
-n <number>: open the editor at a specified line number. By default,
|
|
|
the IPython editor hook uses the unix syntax 'editor +N filename', but
|
|
|
you can configure this by providing your own modified hook if your
|
|
|
favorite editor supports line-number specifications with a different
|
|
|
syntax.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-p: this will call the editor with the same data as the previous time
|
|
|
it was used, regardless of how long ago (in your current session) it
|
|
|
was.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-r: use 'raw' input. This option only applies to input taken from the
|
|
|
user's history. By default, the 'processed' history is used, so that
|
|
|
magics are loaded in their transformed version to valid Python. If
|
|
|
this option is given, the raw input as typed as the command line is
|
|
|
used instead. When you exit the editor, it will be executed by
|
|
|
IPython's own processor.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-x: do not execute the edited code immediately upon exit. This is
|
|
|
mainly useful if you are editing programs which need to be called with
|
|
|
command line arguments, which you can then do using %run.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arguments:
|
|
|
|
|
|
If arguments are given, the following possibilities exist:
|
|
|
|
|
|
- If the argument is a filename, IPython will load that into the
|
|
|
editor. It will execute its contents with execfile() when you exit,
|
|
|
loading any code in the file into your interactive namespace.
|
|
|
|
|
|
- The arguments are ranges of input history, e.g. "7 ~1/4-6".
|
|
|
The syntax is the same as in the %history magic.
|
|
|
|
|
|
- If the argument is a string variable, its contents are loaded
|
|
|
into the editor. You can thus edit any string which contains
|
|
|
python code (including the result of previous edits).
|
|
|
|
|
|
- If the argument is the name of an object (other than a string),
|
|
|
IPython will try to locate the file where it was defined and open the
|
|
|
editor at the point where it is defined. You can use `%edit function`
|
|
|
to load an editor exactly at the point where 'function' is defined,
|
|
|
edit it and have the file be executed automatically.
|
|
|
|
|
|
- If the object is a macro (see %macro for details), this opens up your
|
|
|
specified editor with a temporary file containing the macro's data.
|
|
|
Upon exit, the macro is reloaded with the contents of the file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note: opening at an exact line is only supported under Unix, and some
|
|
|
editors (like kedit and gedit up to Gnome 2.8) do not understand the
|
|
|
'+NUMBER' parameter necessary for this feature. Good editors like
|
|
|
(X)Emacs, vi, jed, pico and joe all do.
|
|
|
|
|
|
After executing your code, %edit will return as output the code you
|
|
|
typed in the editor (except when it was an existing file). This way
|
|
|
you can reload the code in further invocations of %edit as a variable,
|
|
|
via _<NUMBER> or Out[<NUMBER>], where <NUMBER> is the prompt number of
|
|
|
the output.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that %edit is also available through the alias %ed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
This is an example of creating a simple function inside the editor and
|
|
|
then modifying it. First, start up the editor::
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [1]: edit
|
|
|
Editing... done. Executing edited code...
|
|
|
Out[1]: 'def foo():\\n print "foo() was defined in an editing
|
|
|
session"\\n'
|
|
|
|
|
|
We can then call the function foo()::
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [2]: foo()
|
|
|
foo() was defined in an editing session
|
|
|
|
|
|
Now we edit foo. IPython automatically loads the editor with the
|
|
|
(temporary) file where foo() was previously defined::
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [3]: edit foo
|
|
|
Editing... done. Executing edited code...
|
|
|
|
|
|
And if we call foo() again we get the modified version::
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [4]: foo()
|
|
|
foo() has now been changed!
|
|
|
|
|
|
Here is an example of how to edit a code snippet successive
|
|
|
times. First we call the editor::
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [5]: edit
|
|
|
Editing... done. Executing edited code...
|
|
|
hello
|
|
|
Out[5]: "print 'hello'\\n"
|
|
|
|
|
|
Now we call it again with the previous output (stored in _)::
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [6]: edit _
|
|
|
Editing... done. Executing edited code...
|
|
|
hello world
|
|
|
Out[6]: "print 'hello world'\\n"
|
|
|
|
|
|
Now we call it with the output #8 (stored in _8, also as Out[8])::
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [7]: edit _8
|
|
|
Editing... done. Executing edited code...
|
|
|
hello again
|
|
|
Out[7]: "print 'hello again'\\n"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changing the default editor hook:
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you wish to write your own editor hook, you can put it in a
|
|
|
configuration file which you load at startup time. The default hook
|
|
|
is defined in the IPython.core.hooks module, and you can use that as a
|
|
|
starting example for further modifications. That file also has
|
|
|
general instructions on how to set a new hook for use once you've
|
|
|
defined it."""
|
|
|
opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'prxn:')
|
|
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
filename, lineno, is_temp = self._find_edit_target(self.shell,
|
|
|
args, opts, last_call)
|
|
|
except MacroToEdit as e:
|
|
|
self._edit_macro(args, e.args[0])
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
except InteractivelyDefined as e:
|
|
|
print("Editing In[%i]" % e.index)
|
|
|
args = str(e.index)
|
|
|
filename, lineno, is_temp = self._find_edit_target(self.shell,
|
|
|
args, opts, last_call)
|
|
|
if filename is None:
|
|
|
# nothing was found, warnings have already been issued,
|
|
|
# just give up.
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
|
|
if is_temp:
|
|
|
self._knowntemps.add(filename)
|
|
|
elif (filename in self._knowntemps):
|
|
|
is_temp = True
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# do actual editing here
|
|
|
print('Editing...', end=' ')
|
|
|
sys.stdout.flush()
|
|
|
filepath = Path(filename)
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
# Quote filenames that may have spaces in them when opening
|
|
|
# the editor
|
|
|
quoted = filename = str(filepath.absolute())
|
|
|
if " " in quoted:
|
|
|
quoted = "'%s'" % quoted
|
|
|
self.shell.hooks.editor(quoted, lineno)
|
|
|
except TryNext:
|
|
|
warn('Could not open editor')
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
|
|
# XXX TODO: should this be generalized for all string vars?
|
|
|
# For now, this is special-cased to blocks created by cpaste
|
|
|
if args.strip() == "pasted_block":
|
|
|
self.shell.user_ns["pasted_block"] = filepath.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
|
|
|
|
|
|
if 'x' in opts: # -x prevents actual execution
|
|
|
print()
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
print('done. Executing edited code...')
|
|
|
with preserve_keys(self.shell.user_ns, '__file__'):
|
|
|
if not is_temp:
|
|
|
self.shell.user_ns["__file__"] = filename
|
|
|
if "r" in opts: # Untranslated IPython code
|
|
|
source = filepath.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
|
|
|
self.shell.run_cell(source, store_history=False)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
self.shell.safe_execfile(filename, self.shell.user_ns,
|
|
|
self.shell.user_ns)
|
|
|
|
|
|
if is_temp:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
return filepath.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
|
|
|
except IOError as msg:
|
|
|
if Path(msg.filename) == filepath:
|
|
|
warn('File not found. Did you forget to save?')
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
self.shell.showtraceback()
|
|
|
|
