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#!/usr/bin/env python
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"""A simple interactive kernel that talks to a frontend over 0MQ.
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Things to do:
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* Implement `set_parent` logic. Right before doing exec, the Kernel should
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call set_parent on all the PUB objects with the message about to be executed.
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* Implement random port and security key logic.
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* Implement control messages.
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* Implement event loop and poll version.
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"""
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Imports
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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from __future__ import print_function
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# Standard library imports.
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import __builtin__
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import atexit
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import sys
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import time
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import traceback
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# System library imports.
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import zmq
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# Local imports.
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from IPython.config.configurable import Configurable
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from IPython.utils import io
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from IPython.utils.jsonutil import json_clean
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from IPython.lib import pylabtools
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from IPython.utils.traitlets import Instance, Float
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from entry_point import (base_launch_kernel, make_argument_parser, make_kernel,
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start_kernel)
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from iostream import OutStream
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from session import Session, Message
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from zmqshell import ZMQInteractiveShell
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Main kernel class
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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class Kernel(Configurable):
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#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Kernel interface
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#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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shell = Instance('IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShellABC')
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session = Instance(Session)
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reply_socket = Instance('zmq.Socket')
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pub_socket = Instance('zmq.Socket')
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req_socket = Instance('zmq.Socket')
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# Private interface
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# Time to sleep after flushing the stdout/err buffers in each execute
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# cycle. While this introduces a hard limit on the minimal latency of the
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# execute cycle, it helps prevent output synchronization problems for
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# clients.
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# Units are in seconds. The minimum zmq latency on local host is probably
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# ~150 microseconds, set this to 500us for now. We may need to increase it
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# a little if it's not enough after more interactive testing.
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_execute_sleep = Float(0.0005, config=True)
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# Frequency of the kernel's event loop.
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# Units are in seconds, kernel subclasses for GUI toolkits may need to
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# adapt to milliseconds.
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_poll_interval = Float(0.05, config=True)
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# If the shutdown was requested over the network, we leave here the
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# necessary reply message so it can be sent by our registered atexit
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# handler. This ensures that the reply is only sent to clients truly at
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# the end of our shutdown process (which happens after the underlying
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# IPython shell's own shutdown).
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_shutdown_message = None
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# This is a dict of port number that the kernel is listening on. It is set
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# by record_ports and used by connect_request.
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_recorded_ports = None
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def __init__(self, **kwargs):
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super(Kernel, self).__init__(**kwargs)
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# Before we even start up the shell, register *first* our exit handlers
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# so they come before the shell's
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atexit.register(self._at_shutdown)
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# Initialize the InteractiveShell subclass
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self.shell = ZMQInteractiveShell.instance()
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self.shell.displayhook.session = self.session
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self.shell.displayhook.pub_socket = self.pub_socket
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self.shell.display_pub.session = self.session
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self.shell.display_pub.pub_socket = self.pub_socket
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# TMP - hack while developing
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self.shell._reply_content = None
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# Build dict of handlers for message types
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msg_types = [ 'execute_request', 'complete_request',
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'object_info_request', 'history_request',
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'connect_request', 'shutdown_request']
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self.handlers = {}
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for msg_type in msg_types:
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self.handlers[msg_type] = getattr(self, msg_type)
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def do_one_iteration(self):
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"""Do one iteration of the kernel's evaluation loop.
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"""
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ident,msg = self.session.recv(self.reply_socket, zmq.NOBLOCK)
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if msg is None:
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return
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# This assert will raise in versions of zeromq 2.0.7 and lesser.
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# We now require 2.0.8 or above, so we can uncomment for safety.
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# print(ident,msg, file=sys.__stdout__)
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assert ident is not None, "Missing message part."
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# Print some info about this message and leave a '--->' marker, so it's
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# easier to trace visually the message chain when debugging. Each
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# handler prints its message at the end.
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# Eventually we'll move these from stdout to a logger.
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io.raw_print('\n*** MESSAGE TYPE:', msg['msg_type'], '***')
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io.raw_print(' Content: ', msg['content'],
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'\n --->\n ', sep='', end='')
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# Find and call actual handler for message
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handler = self.handlers.get(msg['msg_type'], None)
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if handler is None:
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io.raw_print_err("UNKNOWN MESSAGE TYPE:", msg)
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else:
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handler(ident, msg)
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# Check whether we should exit, in case the incoming message set the
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# exit flag on
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if self.shell.exit_now:
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io.raw_print('\nExiting IPython kernel...')
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# We do a normal, clean exit, which allows any actions registered
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# via atexit (such as history saving) to take place.
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sys.exit(0)
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def start(self):
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""" Start the kernel main loop.
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"""
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while True:
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time.sleep(self._poll_interval)
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self.do_one_iteration()
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def record_ports(self, xrep_port, pub_port, req_port, hb_port):
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"""Record the ports that this kernel is using.
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The creator of the Kernel instance must call this methods if they
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want the :meth:`connect_request` method to return the port numbers.
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"""
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self._recorded_ports = {
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'xrep_port' : xrep_port,
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'pub_port' : pub_port,
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'req_port' : req_port,
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'hb_port' : hb_port
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}
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#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Kernel request handlers
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#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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def _publish_pyin(self, code, parent):
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"""Publish the code request on the pyin stream."""
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pyin_msg = self.session.send(self.pub_socket, u'pyin',{u'code':code}, parent=parent)
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def execute_request(self, ident, parent):
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status_msg = self.session.send(self.pub_socket,
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u'status',
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{u'execution_state':u'busy'},
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parent=parent
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)
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try:
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content = parent[u'content']
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code = content[u'code']
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silent = content[u'silent']
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except:
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io.raw_print_err("Got bad msg: ")
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io.raw_print_err(Message(parent))
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return
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shell = self.shell # we'll need this a lot here
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# Replace raw_input. Note that is not sufficient to replace
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# raw_input in the user namespace.
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raw_input = lambda prompt='': self._raw_input(prompt, ident, parent)
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__builtin__.raw_input = raw_input
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# Set the parent message of the display hook and out streams.
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shell.displayhook.set_parent(parent)
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shell.display_pub.set_parent(parent)
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sys.stdout.set_parent(parent)
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sys.stderr.set_parent(parent)
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# Re-broadcast our input for the benefit of listening clients, and
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# start computing output
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if not silent:
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self._publish_pyin(code, parent)
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reply_content = {}
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try:
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if silent:
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# run_code uses 'exec' mode, so no displayhook will fire, and it
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# doesn't call logging or history manipulations. Print
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# statements in that code will obviously still execute.
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shell.run_code(code)
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else:
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# FIXME: the shell calls the exception handler itself.
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shell._reply_content = None
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shell.run_cell(code)
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except:
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status = u'error'
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# FIXME: this code right now isn't being used yet by default,
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# because the runlines() call above directly fires off exception
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# reporting. This code, therefore, is only active in the scenario
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# where runlines itself has an unhandled exception. We need to
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# uniformize this, for all exception construction to come from a
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# single location in the codbase.
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etype, evalue, tb = sys.exc_info()
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tb_list = traceback.format_exception(etype, evalue, tb)
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reply_content.update(shell._showtraceback(etype, evalue, tb_list))
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else:
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status = u'ok'
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reply_content[u'status'] = status
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# Return the execution counter so clients can display prompts
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reply_content['execution_count'] = shell.execution_count -1
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# FIXME - fish exception info out of shell, possibly left there by
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# runlines. We'll need to clean up this logic later.
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if shell._reply_content is not None:
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reply_content.update(shell._reply_content)
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# At this point, we can tell whether the main code execution succeeded
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# or not. If it did, we proceed to evaluate user_variables/expressions
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if reply_content['status'] == 'ok':
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reply_content[u'user_variables'] = \
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shell.user_variables(content[u'user_variables'])
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reply_content[u'user_expressions'] = \
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shell.user_expressions(content[u'user_expressions'])
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else:
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# If there was an error, don't even try to compute variables or
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# expressions
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reply_content[u'user_variables'] = {}
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reply_content[u'user_expressions'] = {}
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# Payloads should be retrieved regardless of outcome, so we can both
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# recover partial output (that could have been generated early in a
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# block, before an error) and clear the payload system always.
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reply_content[u'payload'] = shell.payload_manager.read_payload()
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# Be agressive about clearing the payload because we don't want
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# it to sit in memory until the next execute_request comes in.
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shell.payload_manager.clear_payload()
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# Send the reply.
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reply_msg = self.session.send(self.reply_socket, u'execute_reply', reply_content, parent, ident=ident)
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io.raw_print(reply_msg)
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# Flush output before sending the reply.
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sys.stdout.flush()
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sys.stderr.flush()
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# FIXME: on rare occasions, the flush doesn't seem to make it to the
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# clients... This seems to mitigate the problem, but we definitely need
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# to better understand what's going on.
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if self._execute_sleep:
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time.sleep(self._execute_sleep)
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if reply_msg['content']['status'] == u'error':
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self._abort_queue()
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status_msg = self.session.send(self.pub_socket,
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u'status',
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{u'execution_state':u'idle'},
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parent=parent
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)
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def complete_request(self, ident, parent):
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txt, matches = self._complete(parent)
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matches = {'matches' : matches,
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'matched_text' : txt,
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'status' : 'ok'}
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completion_msg = self.session.send(self.reply_socket, 'complete_reply',
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matches, parent, ident)
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io.raw_print(completion_msg)
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def object_info_request(self, ident, parent):
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object_info = self.shell.object_inspect(parent['content']['oname'])
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# Before we send this object over, we scrub it for JSON usage
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oinfo = json_clean(object_info)
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msg = self.session.send(self.reply_socket, 'object_info_reply',
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oinfo, parent, ident)
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io.raw_print(msg)
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def history_request(self, ident, parent):
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output = parent['content']['output']
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index = parent['content']['index']
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raw = parent['content']['raw']
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hist = self.shell.get_history(index=index, raw=raw, output=output)
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content = {'history' : hist}
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msg = self.session.send(self.reply_socket, 'history_reply',
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content, parent, ident)
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io.raw_print(msg)
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def connect_request(self, ident, parent):
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if self._recorded_ports is not None:
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content = self._recorded_ports.copy()
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else:
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content = {}
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msg = self.session.send(self.reply_socket, 'connect_reply',
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content, parent, ident)
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io.raw_print(msg)
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def shutdown_request(self, ident, parent):
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self.shell.exit_now = True
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self._shutdown_message = self.session.msg(u'shutdown_reply', parent['content'], parent)
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sys.exit(0)
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#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Protected interface
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#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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def _abort_queue(self):
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while True:
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ident,msg = self.session.recv(self.reply_socket, zmq.NOBLOCK)
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if msg is None:
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break
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else:
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assert ident is not None, \
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"Unexpected missing message part."
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io.raw_print("Aborting:\n", Message(msg))
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msg_type = msg['msg_type']
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reply_type = msg_type.split('_')[0] + '_reply'
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reply_msg = self.session.send(self.reply_socket, reply_type,
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{'status' : 'aborted'}, msg, ident=ident)
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io.raw_print(reply_msg)
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# We need to wait a bit for requests to come in. This can probably
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# be set shorter for true asynchronous clients.
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time.sleep(0.1)
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def _raw_input(self, prompt, ident, parent):
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# Flush output before making the request.
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sys.stderr.flush()
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sys.stdout.flush()
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# Send the input request.
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content = dict(prompt=prompt)
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msg = self.session.send(self.req_socket, u'input_request', content, parent)
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# Await a response.
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ident, reply = self.session.recv(self.req_socket, 0)
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try:
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value = reply['content']['value']
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except:
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io.raw_print_err("Got bad raw_input reply: ")
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io.raw_print_err(Message(parent))
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value = ''
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return value
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def _complete(self, msg):
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c = msg['content']
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try:
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cpos = int(c['cursor_pos'])
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except:
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# If we don't get something that we can convert to an integer, at
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# least attempt the completion guessing the cursor is at the end of
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# the text, if there's any, and otherwise of the line
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cpos = len(c['text'])
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if cpos==0:
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cpos = len(c['line'])
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return self.shell.complete(c['text'], c['line'], cpos)
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def _object_info(self, context):
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symbol, leftover = self._symbol_from_context(context)
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if symbol is not None and not leftover:
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doc = getattr(symbol, '__doc__', '')
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else:
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doc = ''
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object_info = dict(docstring = doc)
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return object_info
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def _symbol_from_context(self, context):
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if not context:
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return None, context
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base_symbol_string = context[0]
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symbol = self.shell.user_ns.get(base_symbol_string, None)
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if symbol is None:
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symbol = __builtin__.__dict__.get(base_symbol_string, None)
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if symbol is None:
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return None, context
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context = context[1:]
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for i, name in enumerate(context):
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new_symbol = getattr(symbol, name, None)
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if new_symbol is None:
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return symbol, context[i:]
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else:
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symbol = new_symbol
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return symbol, []
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def _at_shutdown(self):
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"""Actions taken at shutdown by the kernel, called by python's atexit.
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"""
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# io.rprint("Kernel at_shutdown") # dbg
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if self._shutdown_message is not None:
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self.session.send(self.reply_socket, self._shutdown_message)
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self.session.send(self.pub_socket, self._shutdown_message)
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io.raw_print(self._shutdown_message)
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# A very short sleep to give zmq time to flush its message buffers
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# before Python truly shuts down.
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time.sleep(0.01)
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class QtKernel(Kernel):
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"""A Kernel subclass with Qt support."""
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def start(self):
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"""Start a kernel with QtPy4 event loop integration."""
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from PyQt4 import QtCore
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from IPython.lib.guisupport import get_app_qt4, start_event_loop_qt4
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self.app = get_app_qt4([" "])
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self.app.setQuitOnLastWindowClosed(False)
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self.timer = QtCore.QTimer()
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self.timer.timeout.connect(self.do_one_iteration)
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# Units for the timer are in milliseconds
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self.timer.start(1000*self._poll_interval)
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start_event_loop_qt4(self.app)
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class WxKernel(Kernel):
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"""A Kernel subclass with Wx support."""
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def start(self):
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"""Start a kernel with wx event loop support."""
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import wx
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from IPython.lib.guisupport import start_event_loop_wx
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doi = self.do_one_iteration
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# Wx uses milliseconds
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poll_interval = int(1000*self._poll_interval)
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# We have to put the wx.Timer in a wx.Frame for it to fire properly.
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# We make the Frame hidden when we create it in the main app below.
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class TimerFrame(wx.Frame):
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def __init__(self, func):
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wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, -1)
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self.timer = wx.Timer(self)
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# Units for the timer are in milliseconds
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self.timer.Start(poll_interval)
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self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.on_timer)
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self.func = func
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def on_timer(self, event):
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self.func()
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# We need a custom wx.App to create our Frame subclass that has the
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# wx.Timer to drive the ZMQ event loop.
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class IPWxApp(wx.App):
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def OnInit(self):
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self.frame = TimerFrame(doi)
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self.frame.Show(False)
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return True
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# The redirect=False here makes sure that wx doesn't replace
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# sys.stdout/stderr with its own classes.
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self.app = IPWxApp(redirect=False)
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start_event_loop_wx(self.app)
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class TkKernel(Kernel):
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"""A Kernel subclass with Tk support."""
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def start(self):
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"""Start a Tk enabled event loop."""
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import Tkinter
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doi = self.do_one_iteration
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# Tk uses milliseconds
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poll_interval = int(1000*self._poll_interval)
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# For Tkinter, we create a Tk object and call its withdraw method.
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class Timer(object):
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def __init__(self, func):
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self.app = Tkinter.Tk()
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self.app.withdraw()
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self.func = func
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def on_timer(self):
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self.func()
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self.app.after(poll_interval, self.on_timer)
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def start(self):
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self.on_timer() # Call it once to get things going.
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self.app.mainloop()
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self.timer = Timer(doi)
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self.timer.start()
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class GTKKernel(Kernel):
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"""A Kernel subclass with GTK support."""
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def start(self):
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"""Start the kernel, coordinating with the GTK event loop"""
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from .gui.gtkembed import GTKEmbed
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gtk_kernel = GTKEmbed(self)
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gtk_kernel.start()
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Kernel main and launch functions
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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def launch_kernel(ip=None, xrep_port=0, pub_port=0, req_port=0, hb_port=0,
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independent=False, pylab=False, colors=None):
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"""Launches a localhost kernel, binding to the specified ports.
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Parameters
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----------
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ip : str, optional
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The ip address the kernel will bind to.
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xrep_port : int, optional
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The port to use for XREP channel.
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pub_port : int, optional
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The port to use for the SUB channel.
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req_port : int, optional
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The port to use for the REQ (raw input) channel.
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hb_port : int, optional
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The port to use for the hearbeat REP channel.
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independent : bool, optional (default False)
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If set, the kernel process is guaranteed to survive if this process
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dies. If not set, an effort is made to ensure that the kernel is killed
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when this process dies. Note that in this case it is still good practice
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to kill kernels manually before exiting.
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pylab : bool or string, optional (default False)
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If not False, the kernel will be launched with pylab enabled. If a
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string is passed, matplotlib will use the specified backend. Otherwise,
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matplotlib's default backend will be used.
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colors : None or string, optional (default None)
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If not None, specify the color scheme. One of (NoColor, LightBG, Linux)
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Returns
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-------
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A tuple of form:
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(kernel_process, xrep_port, pub_port, req_port)
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where kernel_process is a Popen object and the ports are integers.
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"""
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extra_arguments = []
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if pylab:
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extra_arguments.append('--pylab')
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if isinstance(pylab, basestring):
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extra_arguments.append(pylab)
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if ip is not None:
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extra_arguments.append('--ip')
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if isinstance(ip, basestring):
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extra_arguments.append(ip)
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if colors is not None:
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extra_arguments.append('--colors')
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extra_arguments.append(colors)
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return base_launch_kernel('from IPython.zmq.ipkernel import main; main()',
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xrep_port, pub_port, req_port, hb_port,
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independent, extra_arguments)
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def main():
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""" The IPython kernel main entry point.
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"""
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parser = make_argument_parser()
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parser.add_argument('--pylab', type=str, metavar='GUI', nargs='?',
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const='auto', help = \
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"Pre-load matplotlib and numpy for interactive use. If GUI is not \
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given, the GUI backend is matplotlib's, otherwise use one of: \
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['tk', 'gtk', 'qt', 'wx', 'inline'].")
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parser.add_argument('--colors',
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type=str, dest='colors',
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help="Set the color scheme (NoColor, Linux, and LightBG).",
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metavar='ZMQInteractiveShell.colors')
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namespace = parser.parse_args()
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kernel_class = Kernel
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kernel_classes = {
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'qt' : QtKernel,
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'qt4': QtKernel,
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'inline': Kernel,
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'wx' : WxKernel,
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'tk' : TkKernel,
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'gtk': GTKKernel,
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}
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if namespace.pylab:
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if namespace.pylab == 'auto':
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gui, backend = pylabtools.find_gui_and_backend()
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else:
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gui, backend = pylabtools.find_gui_and_backend(namespace.pylab)
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kernel_class = kernel_classes.get(gui)
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if kernel_class is None:
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raise ValueError('GUI is not supported: %r' % gui)
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pylabtools.activate_matplotlib(backend)
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if namespace.colors:
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ZMQInteractiveShell.colors=namespace.colors
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kernel = make_kernel(namespace, kernel_class, OutStream)
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if namespace.pylab:
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pylabtools.import_pylab(kernel.shell.user_ns, backend,
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shell=kernel.shell)
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start_kernel(namespace, kernel)
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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main()
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