|
|
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
|
|
|
"""Top-level display functions for displaying object in different formats."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Copyright (c) IPython Development Team.
|
|
|
# Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
|
|
|
|
|
|
from __future__ import print_function
|
|
|
|
|
|
import json
|
|
|
import mimetypes
|
|
|
import os
|
|
|
import struct
|
|
|
import warnings
|
|
|
|
|
|
from IPython.core.formatters import _safe_get_formatter_method
|
|
|
from IPython.utils.py3compat import (string_types, cast_bytes_py2, cast_unicode,
|
|
|
unicode_type)
|
|
|
from IPython.testing.skipdoctest import skip_doctest
|
|
|
|
|
|
__all__ = ['display', 'display_pretty', 'display_html', 'display_markdown',
|
|
|
'display_svg', 'display_png', 'display_jpeg', 'display_latex', 'display_json',
|
|
|
'display_javascript', 'display_pdf', 'DisplayObject', 'TextDisplayObject',
|
|
|
'Pretty', 'HTML', 'Markdown', 'Math', 'Latex', 'SVG', 'JSON', 'Javascript',
|
|
|
'Image', 'clear_output', 'set_matplotlib_formats', 'set_matplotlib_close',
|
|
|
'publish_display_data']
|
|
|
|
|
|
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
# utility functions
|
|
|
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _safe_exists(path):
|
|
|
"""Check path, but don't let exceptions raise"""
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
return os.path.exists(path)
|
|
|
except Exception:
|
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _merge(d1, d2):
|
|
|
"""Like update, but merges sub-dicts instead of clobbering at the top level.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Updates d1 in-place
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
if not isinstance(d2, dict) or not isinstance(d1, dict):
|
|
|
return d2
|
|
|
for key, value in d2.items():
|
|
|
d1[key] = _merge(d1.get(key), value)
|
|
|
return d1
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _display_mimetype(mimetype, objs, raw=False, metadata=None):
|
|
|
"""internal implementation of all display_foo methods
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
mimetype : str
|
|
|
The mimetype to be published (e.g. 'image/png')
|
|
|
objs : tuple of objects
|
|
|
The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw text data to
|
|
|
display.
|
|
|
raw : bool
|
|
|
Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
|
|
|
formatted before display? [default: False]
|
|
|
metadata : dict (optional)
|
|
|
Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
if metadata:
|
|
|
metadata = {mimetype: metadata}
|
|
|
if raw:
|
|
|
# turn list of pngdata into list of { 'image/png': pngdata }
|
|
|
objs = [ {mimetype: obj} for obj in objs ]
|
|
|
display(*objs, raw=raw, metadata=metadata, include=[mimetype])
|
|
|
|
|
|
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
# Main functions
|
|
|
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
def publish_display_data(data, metadata=None, source=None):
|
|
|
"""Publish data and metadata to all frontends.
|
|
|
|
|
|
See the ``display_data`` message in the messaging documentation for
|
|
|
more details about this message type.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following MIME types are currently implemented:
|
|
|
|
|
|
* text/plain
|
|
|
* text/html
|
|
|
* text/markdown
|
|
|
* text/latex
|
|
|
* application/json
|
|
|
* application/javascript
|
|
|
* image/png
|
|
|
* image/jpeg
|
|
|
* image/svg+xml
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
data : dict
|
|
|
A dictionary having keys that are valid MIME types (like
|
|
|
'text/plain' or 'image/svg+xml') and values that are the data for
|
|
|
that MIME type. The data itself must be a JSON'able data
|
|
|
structure. Minimally all data should have the 'text/plain' data,
|
|
|
which can be displayed by all frontends. If more than the plain
|
|
|
text is given, it is up to the frontend to decide which
|
|
|
representation to use.
|
|
|
metadata : dict
|
|
|
A dictionary for metadata related to the data. This can contain
|
|
|
arbitrary key, value pairs that frontends can use to interpret
|
|
|
the data. mime-type keys matching those in data can be used
|
|
|
to specify metadata about particular representations.
|
|
|
source : str, deprecated
|
|
|
Unused.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
|
|
|
InteractiveShell.instance().display_pub.publish(
|
|
|
data=data,
|
|
|
metadata=metadata,
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def display(*objs, **kwargs):
|
|
|
"""Display a Python object in all frontends.
|
|
|
|
|
|
By default all representations will be computed and sent to the frontends.
|
|
|
Frontends can decide which representation is used and how.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
objs : tuple of objects
|
|
|
The Python objects to display.
|
|
|
raw : bool, optional
|
|
|
Are the objects to be displayed already mimetype-keyed dicts of raw display data,
|
|
|
or Python objects that need to be formatted before display? [default: False]
|
|
|
include : list or tuple, optional
|
|
|
A list of format type strings (MIME types) to include in the
|
|
|
format data dict. If this is set *only* the format types included
|
|
|
in this list will be computed.
|
|
|
exclude : list or tuple, optional
|
|
|
A list of format type strings (MIME types) to exclude in the format
|
|
|
data dict. If this is set all format types will be computed,
|
|
|
except for those included in this argument.
|
|
|
metadata : dict, optional
|
|
|
A dictionary of metadata to associate with the output.
|
|
|
mime-type keys in this dictionary will be associated with the individual
|
|
|
representation formats, if they exist.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
raw = kwargs.get('raw', False)
|
|
|
include = kwargs.get('include')
|
|
|
exclude = kwargs.get('exclude')
|
|
|
metadata = kwargs.get('metadata')
|
|
|
|
|
|
from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
|
|
|
|
|
|
if not raw:
|
|
|
format = InteractiveShell.instance().display_formatter.format
|
|
|
|
|
|
for obj in objs:
|
|
|
if raw:
|
|
|
publish_display_data(data=obj, metadata=metadata)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
format_dict, md_dict = format(obj, include=include, exclude=exclude)
|
|
|
if not format_dict:
|
|
|
# nothing to display (e.g. _ipython_display_ took over)
|
|
|
continue
|
|
|
if metadata:
|
|
|
# kwarg-specified metadata gets precedence
|
|
|
_merge(md_dict, metadata)
|
|
|
publish_display_data(data=format_dict, metadata=md_dict)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def display_pretty(*objs, **kwargs):
|
|
|
"""Display the pretty (default) representation of an object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
objs : tuple of objects
|
|
|
The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw text data to
|
|
|
display.
|
|
|
raw : bool
|
|
|
Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
|
|
|
formatted before display? [default: False]
|
|
|
metadata : dict (optional)
|
|
|
Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
_display_mimetype('text/plain', objs, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def display_html(*objs, **kwargs):
|
|
|
"""Display the HTML representation of an object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
objs : tuple of objects
|
|
|
The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw HTML data to
|
|
|
display.
|
|
|
raw : bool
|
|
|
Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
|
|
|
formatted before display? [default: False]
|
|
|
metadata : dict (optional)
|
|
|
Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
_display_mimetype('text/html', objs, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def display_markdown(*objs, **kwargs):
|
|
|
"""Displays the Markdown representation of an object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
objs : tuple of objects
|
|
|
The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw markdown data to
|
|
|
display.
|
|
|
raw : bool
|
|
|
Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
|
|
|
formatted before display? [default: False]
|
|
|
metadata : dict (optional)
|
|
|
Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
_display_mimetype('text/markdown', objs, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def display_svg(*objs, **kwargs):
|
|
|
"""Display the SVG representation of an object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
objs : tuple of objects
|
|
|
The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw svg data to
|
|
|
display.
|
|
|
raw : bool
|
|
|
Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
|
|
|
formatted before display? [default: False]
|
|
|
metadata : dict (optional)
|
|
|
Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
_display_mimetype('image/svg+xml', objs, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def display_png(*objs, **kwargs):
|
|
|
"""Display the PNG representation of an object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
objs : tuple of objects
|
|
|
The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw png data to
|
|
|
display.
|
|
|
raw : bool
|
|
|
Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
|
|
|
formatted before display? [default: False]
|
|
|
metadata : dict (optional)
|
|
|
Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
_display_mimetype('image/png', objs, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def display_jpeg(*objs, **kwargs):
|
|
|
"""Display the JPEG representation of an object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
objs : tuple of objects
|
|
|
The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw JPEG data to
|
|
|
display.
|
|
|
raw : bool
|
|
|
Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
|
|
|
formatted before display? [default: False]
|
|
|
metadata : dict (optional)
|
|
|
Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
_display_mimetype('image/jpeg', objs, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def display_latex(*objs, **kwargs):
|
|
|
"""Display the LaTeX representation of an object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
objs : tuple of objects
|
|
|
The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw latex data to
|
|
|
display.
|
|
|
raw : bool
|
|
|
Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
|
|
|
formatted before display? [default: False]
|
|
|
metadata : dict (optional)
|
|
|
Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
_display_mimetype('text/latex', objs, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def display_json(*objs, **kwargs):
|
|
|
"""Display the JSON representation of an object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that not many frontends support displaying JSON.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
objs : tuple of objects
|
|
|
The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw json data to
|
|
|
display.
|
|
|
raw : bool
|
|
|
Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
|
|
|
formatted before display? [default: False]
|
|
|
metadata : dict (optional)
|
|
|
Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
_display_mimetype('application/json', objs, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def display_javascript(*objs, **kwargs):
|
|
|
"""Display the Javascript representation of an object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
objs : tuple of objects
|
|
|
The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw javascript data to
|
|
|
display.
|
|
|
raw : bool
|
|
|
Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
|
|
|
formatted before display? [default: False]
|
|
|
metadata : dict (optional)
|
|
|
Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
_display_mimetype('application/javascript', objs, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def display_pdf(*objs, **kwargs):
|
|
|
"""Display the PDF representation of an object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
objs : tuple of objects
|
|
|
The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw javascript data to
|
|
|
display.
|
|
|
raw : bool
|
|
|
Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
|
|
|
formatted before display? [default: False]
|
|
|
metadata : dict (optional)
|
|
|
Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
_display_mimetype('application/pdf', objs, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
# Smart classes
|
|
|
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class DisplayObject(object):
|
|
|
"""An object that wraps data to be displayed."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
_read_flags = 'r'
|
|
|
_show_mem_addr = False
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, data=None, url=None, filename=None):
|
|
|
"""Create a display object given raw data.
|
|
|
|
|
|
When this object is returned by an expression or passed to the
|
|
|
display function, it will result in the data being displayed
|
|
|
in the frontend. The MIME type of the data should match the
|
|
|
subclasses used, so the Png subclass should be used for 'image/png'
|
|
|
data. If the data is a URL, the data will first be downloaded
|
|
|
and then displayed. If
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
data : unicode, str or bytes
|
|
|
The raw data or a URL or file to load the data from
|
|
|
url : unicode
|
|
|
A URL to download the data from.
|
|
|
filename : unicode
|
|
|
Path to a local file to load the data from.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
if data is not None and isinstance(data, string_types):
|
|
|
if data.startswith('http') and url is None:
|
|
|
url = data
|
|
|
filename = None
|
|
|
data = None
|
|
|
elif _safe_exists(data) and filename is None:
|
|
|
url = None
|
|
|
filename = data
|
|
|
data = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.data = data
|
|
|
self.url = url
|
|
|
self.filename = None if filename is None else unicode_type(filename)
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.reload()
|
|
|
self._check_data()
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __repr__(self):
|
|
|
if not self._show_mem_addr:
|
|
|
cls = self.__class__
|
|
|
r = "<%s.%s object>" % (cls.__module__, cls.__name__)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
r = super(DisplayObject, self).__repr__()
|
|
|
return r
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _check_data(self):
|
|
|
"""Override in subclasses if there's something to check."""
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
def reload(self):
|
|
|
"""Reload the raw data from file or URL."""
|
|
|
if self.filename is not None:
|
|
|
with open(self.filename, self._read_flags) as f:
|
|
|
self.data = f.read()
|
|
|
elif self.url is not None:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
from urllib.request import urlopen # Py3
|
|
|
except ImportError:
|
|
|
from urllib2 import urlopen
|
|
|
response = urlopen(self.url)
|
|
|
self.data = response.read()
|
|
|
# extract encoding from header, if there is one:
|
|
|
encoding = None
|
|
|
for sub in response.headers['content-type'].split(';'):
|
|
|
sub = sub.strip()
|
|
|
if sub.startswith('charset'):
|
|
|
encoding = sub.split('=')[-1].strip()
|
|
|
break
|
|
|
# decode data, if an encoding was specified
|
|
|
if encoding:
|
|
|
self.data = self.data.decode(encoding, 'replace')
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
self.data = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
class TextDisplayObject(DisplayObject):
|
|
|
"""Validate that display data is text"""
|
|
|
def _check_data(self):
|
|
|
if self.data is not None and not isinstance(self.data, string_types):
|
|
|
raise TypeError("%s expects text, not %r" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.data))
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Pretty(TextDisplayObject):
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_pretty_(self):
|
|
|
return self.data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class HTML(TextDisplayObject):
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_html_(self):
|
|
|
return self.data
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __html__(self):
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
This method exists to inform other HTML-using modules (e.g. Markupsafe,
|
|
|
htmltag, etc) that this object is HTML and does not need things like
|
|
|
special characters (<>&) escaped.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
return self._repr_html_()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Markdown(TextDisplayObject):
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_markdown_(self):
|
|
|
return self.data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Math(TextDisplayObject):
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_latex_(self):
|
|
|
s = self.data.strip('$')
|
|
|
return "$$%s$$" % s
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Latex(TextDisplayObject):
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_latex_(self):
|
|
|
return self.data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class SVG(DisplayObject):
|
|
|
|
|
|
# wrap data in a property, which extracts the <svg> tag, discarding
|
|
|
# document headers
|
|
|
_data = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
|
def data(self):
|
|
|
return self._data
|
|
|
|
|
|
@data.setter
|
|
|
def data(self, svg):
|
|
|
if svg is None:
|
|
|
self._data = None
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
# parse into dom object
|
|
|
from xml.dom import minidom
|
|
|
svg = cast_bytes_py2(svg)
|
|
|
x = minidom.parseString(svg)
|
|
|
# get svg tag (should be 1)
|
|
|
found_svg = x.getElementsByTagName('svg')
|
|
|
if found_svg:
|
|
|
svg = found_svg[0].toxml()
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
# fallback on the input, trust the user
|
|
|
# but this is probably an error.
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
svg = cast_unicode(svg)
|
|
|
self._data = svg
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_svg_(self):
|
|
|
return self.data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class JSON(DisplayObject):
|
|
|
"""JSON expects a JSON-able dict or list
|
|
|
|
|
|
not an already-serialized JSON string.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scalar types (None, number, string) are not allowed, only dict or list containers.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
# wrap data in a property, which warns about passing already-serialized JSON
|
|
|
_data = None
|
|
|
def _check_data(self):
|
|
|
if self.data is not None and not isinstance(self.data, (dict, list)):
|
|
|
raise TypeError("%s expects JSONable dict or list, not %r" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.data))
|
|
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
|
def data(self):
|
|
|
return self._data
|
|
|
|
|
|
@data.setter
|
|
|
def data(self, data):
|
|
|
if isinstance(data, string_types):
|
|
|
warnings.warn("JSON expects JSONable dict or list, not JSON strings")
|
|
|
data = json.loads(data)
|
|
|
self._data = data
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_json_(self):
|
|
|
return self.data
|
|
|
|
|
|
css_t = """$("head").append($("<link/>").attr({
|
|
|
rel: "stylesheet",
|
|
|
type: "text/css",
|
|
|
href: "%s"
|
|
|
}));
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
lib_t1 = """$.getScript("%s", function () {
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
lib_t2 = """});
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Javascript(TextDisplayObject):
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, data=None, url=None, filename=None, lib=None, css=None):
|
|
|
"""Create a Javascript display object given raw data.
|
|
|
|
|
|
When this object is returned by an expression or passed to the
|
|
|
display function, it will result in the data being displayed
|
|
|
in the frontend. If the data is a URL, the data will first be
|
|
|
downloaded and then displayed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
In the Notebook, the containing element will be available as `element`,
|
|
|
and jQuery will be available. Content appended to `element` will be
|
|
|
visible in the output area.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
data : unicode, str or bytes
|
|
|
The Javascript source code or a URL to download it from.
|
|
|
url : unicode
|
|
|
A URL to download the data from.
|
|
|
filename : unicode
|
|
|
Path to a local file to load the data from.
|
|
|
lib : list or str
|
|
|
A sequence of Javascript library URLs to load asynchronously before
|
|
|
running the source code. The full URLs of the libraries should
|
|
|
be given. A single Javascript library URL can also be given as a
|
|
|
string.
|
|
|
css: : list or str
|
|
|
A sequence of css files to load before running the source code.
|
|
|
The full URLs of the css files should be given. A single css URL
|
|
|
can also be given as a string.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
if isinstance(lib, string_types):
|
|
|
lib = [lib]
|
|
|
elif lib is None:
|
|
|
lib = []
|
|
|
if isinstance(css, string_types):
|
|
|
css = [css]
|
|
|
elif css is None:
|
|
|
css = []
|
|
|
if not isinstance(lib, (list,tuple)):
|
|
|
raise TypeError('expected sequence, got: %r' % lib)
|
|
|
if not isinstance(css, (list,tuple)):
|
|
|
raise TypeError('expected sequence, got: %r' % css)
|
|
|
self.lib = lib
|
|
|
self.css = css
|
|
|
super(Javascript, self).__init__(data=data, url=url, filename=filename)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_javascript_(self):
|
|
|
r = ''
|
|
|
for c in self.css:
|
|
|
r += css_t % c
|
|
|
for l in self.lib:
|
|
|
r += lib_t1 % l
|
|
|
r += self.data
|
|
|
r += lib_t2*len(self.lib)
|
|
|
return r
|
|
|
|
|
|
# constants for identifying png/jpeg data
|
|
|
_PNG = b'\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n'
|
|
|
_JPEG = b'\xff\xd8'
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _pngxy(data):
|
|
|
"""read the (width, height) from a PNG header"""
|
|
|
ihdr = data.index(b'IHDR')
|
|
|
# next 8 bytes are width/height
|
|
|
w4h4 = data[ihdr+4:ihdr+12]
|
|
|
return struct.unpack('>ii', w4h4)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _jpegxy(data):
|
|
|
"""read the (width, height) from a JPEG header"""
|
|
|
# adapted from http://www.64lines.com/jpeg-width-height
|
|
|
|
|
|
idx = 4
|
|
|
while True:
|
|
|
block_size = struct.unpack('>H', data[idx:idx+2])[0]
|
|
|
idx = idx + block_size
|
|
|
if data[idx:idx+2] == b'\xFF\xC0':
|
|
|
# found Start of Frame
|
|
|
iSOF = idx
|
|
|
break
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
# read another block
|
|
|
idx += 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
h, w = struct.unpack('>HH', data[iSOF+5:iSOF+9])
|
|
|
return w, h
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Image(DisplayObject):
|
|
|
|
|
|
_read_flags = 'rb'
|
|
|
_FMT_JPEG = u'jpeg'
|
|
|
_FMT_PNG = u'png'
|
|
|
_ACCEPTABLE_EMBEDDINGS = [_FMT_JPEG, _FMT_PNG]
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, data=None, url=None, filename=None, format=u'png',
|
|
|
embed=None, width=None, height=None, retina=False,
|
|
|
unconfined=False, metadata=None):
|
|
|
"""Create a PNG/JPEG image object given raw data.
|
|
|
|
|
|
When this object is returned by an input cell or passed to the
|
|
|
display function, it will result in the image being displayed
|
|
|
in the frontend.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
data : unicode, str or bytes
|
|
|
The raw image data or a URL or filename to load the data from.
|
|
|
This always results in embedded image data.
|
|
|
url : unicode
|
|
|
A URL to download the data from. If you specify `url=`,
|
|
|
the image data will not be embedded unless you also specify `embed=True`.
|
|
|
filename : unicode
|
|
|
Path to a local file to load the data from.
|
|
|
Images from a file are always embedded.
|
|
|
format : unicode
|
|
|
The format of the image data (png/jpeg/jpg). If a filename or URL is given
|
|
|
for format will be inferred from the filename extension.
|
|
|
embed : bool
|
|
|
Should the image data be embedded using a data URI (True) or be
|
|
|
loaded using an <img> tag. Set this to True if you want the image
|
|
|
to be viewable later with no internet connection in the notebook.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Default is `True`, unless the keyword argument `url` is set, then
|
|
|
default value is `False`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that QtConsole is not able to display images if `embed` is set to `False`
|
|
|
width : int
|
|
|
Width to which to constrain the image in html
|
|
|
height : int
|
|
|
Height to which to constrain the image in html
|
|
|
retina : bool
|
|
|
Automatically set the width and height to half of the measured
|
|
|
width and height.
|
|
|
This only works for embedded images because it reads the width/height
|
|
|
from image data.
|
|
|
For non-embedded images, you can just set the desired display width
|
|
|
and height directly.
|
|
|
unconfined: bool
|
|
|
Set unconfined=True to disable max-width confinement of the image.
|
|
|
metadata: dict
|
|
|
Specify extra metadata to attach to the image.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Examples
|
|
|
--------
|
|
|
# embedded image data, works in qtconsole and notebook
|
|
|
# when passed positionally, the first arg can be any of raw image data,
|
|
|
# a URL, or a filename from which to load image data.
|
|
|
# The result is always embedding image data for inline images.
|
|
|
Image('http://www.google.fr/images/srpr/logo3w.png')
|
|
|
Image('/path/to/image.jpg')
|
|
|
Image(b'RAW_PNG_DATA...')
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Specifying Image(url=...) does not embed the image data,
|
|
|
# it only generates `<img>` tag with a link to the source.
|
|
|
# This will not work in the qtconsole or offline.
|
|
|
Image(url='http://www.google.fr/images/srpr/logo3w.png')
|
|
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
if filename is not None:
|
|
|
ext = self._find_ext(filename)
|
|
|
elif url is not None:
|
|
|
ext = self._find_ext(url)
|
|
|
elif data is None:
|
|
|
raise ValueError("No image data found. Expecting filename, url, or data.")
|
|
|
elif isinstance(data, string_types) and (
|
|
|
data.startswith('http') or _safe_exists(data)
|
|
|
):
|
|
|
ext = self._find_ext(data)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
ext = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
if ext is not None:
|
|
|
format = ext.lower()
|
|
|
if ext == u'jpg' or ext == u'jpeg':
|
|
|
format = self._FMT_JPEG
|
|
|
if ext == u'png':
|
|
|
format = self._FMT_PNG
|
|
|
elif isinstance(data, bytes) and format == 'png':
|
|
|
# infer image type from image data header,
|
|
|
# only if format might not have been specified.
|
|
|
if data[:2] == _JPEG:
|
|
|
format = 'jpeg'
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.format = unicode_type(format).lower()
|
|
|
self.embed = embed if embed is not None else (url is None)
|
|
|
|
|
|
if self.embed and self.format not in self._ACCEPTABLE_EMBEDDINGS:
|
|
|
raise ValueError("Cannot embed the '%s' image format" % (self.format))
|
|
|
self.width = width
|
|
|
self.height = height
|
|
|
self.retina = retina
|
|
|
self.unconfined = unconfined
|
|
|
self.metadata = metadata
|
|
|
super(Image, self).__init__(data=data, url=url, filename=filename)
|
|
|
|
|
|
if retina:
|
|
|
self._retina_shape()
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _retina_shape(self):
|
|
|
"""load pixel-doubled width and height from image data"""
|
|
|
if not self.embed:
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
if self.format == 'png':
|
|
|
w, h = _pngxy(self.data)
|
|
|
elif self.format == 'jpeg':
|
|
|
w, h = _jpegxy(self.data)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
# retina only supports png
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
self.width = w // 2
|
|
|
self.height = h // 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
def reload(self):
|
|
|
"""Reload the raw data from file or URL."""
|
|
|
if self.embed:
|
|
|
super(Image,self).reload()
|
|
|
if self.retina:
|
|
|
self._retina_shape()
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_html_(self):
|
|
|
if not self.embed:
|
|
|
width = height = klass = ''
|
|
|
if self.width:
|
|
|
width = ' width="%d"' % self.width
|
|
|
if self.height:
|
|
|
height = ' height="%d"' % self.height
|
|
|
if self.unconfined:
|
|
|
klass = ' class="unconfined"'
|
|
|
return u'<img src="{url}"{width}{height}{klass}/>'.format(
|
|
|
url=self.url,
|
|
|
width=width,
|
|
|
height=height,
|
|
|
klass=klass,
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _data_and_metadata(self):
|
|
|
"""shortcut for returning metadata with shape information, if defined"""
|
|
|
md = {}
|
|
|
if self.width:
|
|
|
md['width'] = self.width
|
|
|
if self.height:
|
|
|
md['height'] = self.height
|
|
|
if self.unconfined:
|
|
|
md['unconfined'] = self.unconfined
|
|
|
if self.metadata:
|
|
|
md.update(self.metadata)
|
|
|
if md:
|
|
|
return self.data, md
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
return self.data
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_png_(self):
|
|
|
if self.embed and self.format == u'png':
|
|
|
return self._data_and_metadata()
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_jpeg_(self):
|
|
|
if self.embed and (self.format == u'jpeg' or self.format == u'jpg'):
|
|
|
return self._data_and_metadata()
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _find_ext(self, s):
|
|
|
return unicode_type(s.split('.')[-1].lower())
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Video(DisplayObject):
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, data=None, url=None, filename=None, embed=None, mimetype=None):
|
|
|
"""Create a video object given raw data or an URL.
|
|
|
|
|
|
When this object is returned by an input cell or passed to the
|
|
|
display function, it will result in the video being displayed
|
|
|
in the frontend.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
data : unicode, str or bytes
|
|
|
The raw image data or a URL or filename to load the data from.
|
|
|
This always results in embedded image data.
|
|
|
url : unicode
|
|
|
A URL to download the data from. If you specify `url=`,
|
|
|
the image data will not be embedded unless you also specify `embed=True`.
|
|
|
filename : unicode
|
|
|
Path to a local file to load the data from.
|
|
|
Videos from a file are always embedded.
|
|
|
embed : bool
|
|
|
Should the image data be embedded using a data URI (True) or be
|
|
|
loaded using an <img> tag. Set this to True if you want the image
|
|
|
to be viewable later with no internet connection in the notebook.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Default is `True`, unless the keyword argument `url` is set, then
|
|
|
default value is `False`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that QtConsole is not able to display images if `embed` is set to `False`
|
|
|
mimetype: unicode
|
|
|
Specify the mimetype in case you load in a encoded video.
|
|
|
Examples
|
|
|
--------
|
|
|
Video('https://archive.org/download/Sita_Sings_the_Blues/Sita_Sings_the_Blues_small.mp4')
|
|
|
Video('path/to/video.mp4')
|
|
|
Video('path/to/video.mp4', embed=False)
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
if url is None and (data.startswith('http') or data.startswith('https')):
|
|
|
url = data
|
|
|
data = None
|
|
|
embed = False
|
|
|
elif os.path.exists(data):
|
|
|
filename = data
|
|
|
data = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.mimetype = mimetype
|
|
|
self.embed = embed if embed is not None else (filename is not None)
|
|
|
super(Video, self).__init__(data=data, url=url, filename=filename)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_html_(self):
|
|
|
# External URLs and potentially local files are not embedded into the
|
|
|
# notebook output.
|
|
|
if not self.embed:
|
|
|
url = self.url if self.url is not None else self.filename
|
|
|
output = """<video src="{0}" controls>
|
|
|
Your browser does not support the <code>video</code> element.
|
|
|
</video>""".format(url)
|
|
|
return output
|
|
|
# Embedded videos uses base64 encoded videos.
|
|
|
if self.filename is not None:
|
|
|
mimetypes.init()
|
|
|
mimetype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(self.filename)
|
|
|
|
|
|
video = open(self.filename, 'rb').read()
|
|
|
video_encoded = video.encode('base64')
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
video_encoded = self.data
|
|
|
mimetype = self.mimetype
|
|
|
output = """<video controls>
|
|
|
<source src="data:{0};base64,{1}" type="{0}">
|
|
|
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
|
|
</video>""".format(mimetype, video_encoded)
|
|
|
return output
|
|
|
|
|
|
def reload(self):
|
|
|
# TODO
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_png_(self):
|
|
|
# TODO
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
def _repr_jpeg_(self):
|
|
|
# TODO
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
def clear_output(wait=False):
|
|
|
"""Clear the output of the current cell receiving output.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
wait : bool [default: false]
|
|
|
Wait to clear the output until new output is available to replace it."""
|
|
|
from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
|
|
|
if InteractiveShell.initialized():
|
|
|
InteractiveShell.instance().display_pub.clear_output(wait)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
from IPython.utils import io
|
|
|
print('\033[2K\r', file=io.stdout, end='')
|
|
|
io.stdout.flush()
|
|
|
print('\033[2K\r', file=io.stderr, end='')
|
|
|
io.stderr.flush()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@skip_doctest
|
|
|
def set_matplotlib_formats(*formats, **kwargs):
|
|
|
"""Select figure formats for the inline backend. Optionally pass quality for JPEG.
|
|
|
|
|
|
For example, this enables PNG and JPEG output with a JPEG quality of 90%::
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [1]: set_matplotlib_formats('png', 'jpeg', quality=90)
|
|
|
|
|
|
To set this in your config files use the following::
|
|
|
|
|
|
c.InlineBackend.figure_formats = {'png', 'jpeg'}
|
|
|
c.InlineBackend.print_figure_kwargs.update({'quality' : 90})
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
*formats : strs
|
|
|
One or more figure formats to enable: 'png', 'retina', 'jpeg', 'svg', 'pdf'.
|
|
|
**kwargs :
|
|
|
Keyword args will be relayed to ``figure.canvas.print_figure``.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
|
|
|
from IPython.core.pylabtools import select_figure_formats
|
|
|
from IPython.kernel.zmq.pylab.config import InlineBackend
|
|
|
# build kwargs, starting with InlineBackend config
|
|
|
kw = {}
|
|
|
cfg = InlineBackend.instance()
|
|
|
kw.update(cfg.print_figure_kwargs)
|
|
|
kw.update(**kwargs)
|
|
|
shell = InteractiveShell.instance()
|
|
|
select_figure_formats(shell, formats, **kw)
|
|
|
|
|
|
@skip_doctest
|
|
|
def set_matplotlib_close(close=True):
|
|
|
"""Set whether the inline backend closes all figures automatically or not.
|
|
|
|
|
|
By default, the inline backend used in the IPython Notebook will close all
|
|
|
matplotlib figures automatically after each cell is run. This means that
|
|
|
plots in different cells won't interfere. Sometimes, you may want to make
|
|
|
a plot in one cell and then refine it in later cells. This can be accomplished
|
|
|
by::
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [1]: set_matplotlib_close(False)
|
|
|
|
|
|
To set this in your config files use the following::
|
|
|
|
|
|
c.InlineBackend.close_figures = False
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
close : bool
|
|
|
Should all matplotlib figures be automatically closed after each cell is
|
|
|
run?
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
from IPython.kernel.zmq.pylab.config import InlineBackend
|
|
|
cfg = InlineBackend.instance()
|
|
|
cfg.close_figures = close
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
