|
|
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
Verbose and colourful traceback formatting.
|
|
|
|
|
|
**ColorTB**
|
|
|
|
|
|
I've always found it a bit hard to visually parse tracebacks in Python. The
|
|
|
ColorTB class is a solution to that problem. It colors the different parts of a
|
|
|
traceback in a manner similar to what you would expect from a syntax-highlighting
|
|
|
text editor.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Installation instructions for ColorTB::
|
|
|
|
|
|
import sys,ultratb
|
|
|
sys.excepthook = ultratb.ColorTB()
|
|
|
|
|
|
**VerboseTB**
|
|
|
|
|
|
I've also included a port of Ka-Ping Yee's "cgitb.py" that produces all kinds
|
|
|
of useful info when a traceback occurs. Ping originally had it spit out HTML
|
|
|
and intended it for CGI programmers, but why should they have all the fun? I
|
|
|
altered it to spit out colored text to the terminal. It's a bit overwhelming,
|
|
|
but kind of neat, and maybe useful for long-running programs that you believe
|
|
|
are bug-free. If a crash *does* occur in that type of program you want details.
|
|
|
Give it a shot--you'll love it or you'll hate it.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Verbose mode prints the variables currently visible where the exception
|
|
|
happened (shortening their strings if too long). This can potentially be
|
|
|
very slow, if you happen to have a huge data structure whose string
|
|
|
representation is complex to compute. Your computer may appear to freeze for
|
|
|
a while with cpu usage at 100%. If this occurs, you can cancel the traceback
|
|
|
with Ctrl-C (maybe hitting it more than once).
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you encounter this kind of situation often, you may want to use the
|
|
|
Verbose_novars mode instead of the regular Verbose, which avoids formatting
|
|
|
variables (but otherwise includes the information and context given by
|
|
|
Verbose).
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
|
|
The verbose mode print all variables in the stack, which means it can
|
|
|
potentially leak sensitive information like access keys, or unencrypted
|
|
|
password.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Installation instructions for VerboseTB::
|
|
|
|
|
|
import sys,ultratb
|
|
|
sys.excepthook = ultratb.VerboseTB()
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note: Much of the code in this module was lifted verbatim from the standard
|
|
|
library module 'traceback.py' and Ka-Ping Yee's 'cgitb.py'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Color schemes
|
|
|
-------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
The colors are defined in the class TBTools through the use of the
|
|
|
ColorSchemeTable class. Currently the following exist:
|
|
|
|
|
|
- NoColor: allows all of this module to be used in any terminal (the color
|
|
|
escapes are just dummy blank strings).
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Linux: is meant to look good in a terminal like the Linux console (black
|
|
|
or very dark background).
|
|
|
|
|
|
- LightBG: similar to Linux but swaps dark/light colors to be more readable
|
|
|
in light background terminals.
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Neutral: a neutral color scheme that should be readable on both light and
|
|
|
dark background
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can implement other color schemes easily, the syntax is fairly
|
|
|
self-explanatory. Please send back new schemes you develop to the author for
|
|
|
possible inclusion in future releases.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inheritance diagram:
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. inheritance-diagram:: IPython.core.ultratb
|
|
|
:parts: 3
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#*****************************************************************************
|
|
|
# Copyright (C) 2001 Nathaniel Gray <n8gray@caltech.edu>
|
|
|
# Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Fernando Perez <fperez@colorado.edu>
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
# Distributed under the terms of the BSD License. The full license is in
|
|
|
# the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
|
|
|
#*****************************************************************************
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
import inspect
|
|
|
import linecache
|
|
|
import pydoc
|
|
|
import sys
|
|
|
import time
|
|
|
import traceback
|
|
|
|
|
|
import stack_data
|
|
|
from pygments.formatters.terminal256 import Terminal256Formatter
|
|
|
from pygments.styles import get_style_by_name
|
|
|
|
|
|
# IPython's own modules
|
|
|
from IPython import get_ipython
|
|
|
from IPython.core import debugger
|
|
|
from IPython.core.display_trap import DisplayTrap
|
|
|
from IPython.core.excolors import exception_colors
|
|
|
from IPython.utils import path as util_path
|
|
|
from IPython.utils import py3compat
|
|
|
from IPython.utils.terminal import get_terminal_size
|
|
|
|
|
|
import IPython.utils.colorable as colorable
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Globals
|
|
|
# amount of space to put line numbers before verbose tracebacks
|
|
|
INDENT_SIZE = 8
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Default color scheme. This is used, for example, by the traceback
|
|
|
# formatter. When running in an actual IPython instance, the user's rc.colors
|
|
|
# value is used, but having a module global makes this functionality available
|
|
|
# to users of ultratb who are NOT running inside ipython.
|
|
|
DEFAULT_SCHEME = 'NoColor'
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
# Code begins
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Helper function -- largely belongs to VerboseTB, but we need the same
|
|
|
# functionality to produce a pseudo verbose TB for SyntaxErrors, so that they
|
|
|
# can be recognized properly by ipython.el's py-traceback-line-re
|
|
|
# (SyntaxErrors have to be treated specially because they have no traceback)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _format_traceback_lines(lines, Colors, has_colors, lvals):
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
Format tracebacks lines with pointing arrow, leading numbers...
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
lines : list[Line]
|
|
|
Colors
|
|
|
ColorScheme used.
|
|
|
lvals : str
|
|
|
Values of local variables, already colored, to inject just after the error line.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
numbers_width = INDENT_SIZE - 1
|
|
|
res = []
|
|
|
|
|
|
for stack_line in lines:
|
|
|
if stack_line is stack_data.LINE_GAP:
|
|
|
res.append('%s (...)%s\n' % (Colors.linenoEm, Colors.Normal))
|
|
|
continue
|
|
|
|
|
|
line = stack_line.render(pygmented=has_colors).rstrip('\n') + '\n'
|
|
|
lineno = stack_line.lineno
|
|
|
if stack_line.is_current:
|
|
|
# This is the line with the error
|
|
|
pad = numbers_width - len(str(lineno))
|
|
|
num = '%s%s' % (debugger.make_arrow(pad), str(lineno))
|
|
|
start_color = Colors.linenoEm
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
num = '%*s' % (numbers_width, lineno)
|
|
|
start_color = Colors.lineno
|
|
|
|
|
|
line = '%s%s%s %s' % (start_color, num, Colors.Normal, line)
|
|
|
|
|
|
res.append(line)
|
|
|
if lvals and stack_line.is_current:
|
|
|
res.append(lvals + '\n')
|
|
|
return res
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
# Module classes
|
|
|
class TBTools(colorable.Colorable):
|
|
|
"""Basic tools used by all traceback printer classes."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Number of frames to skip when reporting tracebacks
|
|
|
tb_offset = 0
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, color_scheme='NoColor', call_pdb=False, ostream=None, parent=None, config=None):
|
|
|
# Whether to call the interactive pdb debugger after printing
|
|
|
# tracebacks or not
|
|
|
super(TBTools, self).__init__(parent=parent, config=config)
|
|
|
self.call_pdb = call_pdb
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Output stream to write to. Note that we store the original value in
|
|
|
# a private attribute and then make the public ostream a property, so
|
|
|
# that we can delay accessing sys.stdout until runtime. The way
|
|
|
# things are written now, the sys.stdout object is dynamically managed
|
|
|
# so a reference to it should NEVER be stored statically. This
|
|
|
# property approach confines this detail to a single location, and all
|
|
|
# subclasses can simply access self.ostream for writing.
|
|
|
self._ostream = ostream
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Create color table
|
|
|
self.color_scheme_table = exception_colors()
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.set_colors(color_scheme)
|
|
|
self.old_scheme = color_scheme # save initial value for toggles
|
|
|
|
|
|
if call_pdb:
|
|
|
self.pdb = debugger.Pdb()
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
self.pdb = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _get_ostream(self):
|
|
|
"""Output stream that exceptions are written to.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Valid values are:
|
|
|
|
|
|
- None: the default, which means that IPython will dynamically resolve
|
|
|
to sys.stdout. This ensures compatibility with most tools, including
|
|
|
Windows (where plain stdout doesn't recognize ANSI escapes).
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Any object with 'write' and 'flush' attributes.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
return sys.stdout if self._ostream is None else self._ostream
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _set_ostream(self, val):
|
|
|
assert val is None or (hasattr(val, 'write') and hasattr(val, 'flush'))
|
|
|
self._ostream = val
|
|
|
|
|
|
ostream = property(_get_ostream, _set_ostream)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def get_parts_of_chained_exception(self, evalue):
|
|
|
def get_chained_exception(exception_value):
|
|
|
cause = getattr(exception_value, '__cause__', None)
|
|
|
if cause:
|
|
|
return cause
|
|
|
if getattr(exception_value, '__suppress_context__', False):
|
|
|
return None
|
|
|
return getattr(exception_value, '__context__', None)
|
|
|
|
|
|
chained_evalue = get_chained_exception(evalue)
|
|
|
|
|
|
if chained_evalue:
|
|
|
return chained_evalue.__class__, chained_evalue, chained_evalue.__traceback__
|
|
|
|
|
|
def prepare_chained_exception_message(self, cause):
|
|
|
direct_cause = "\nThe above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n"
|
|
|
exception_during_handling = "\nDuring handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n"
|
|
|
|
|
|
if cause:
|
|
|
message = [[direct_cause]]
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
message = [[exception_during_handling]]
|
|
|
return message
|
|
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
|
def has_colors(self):
|
|
|
return self.color_scheme_table.active_scheme_name.lower() != "nocolor"
|
|
|
|
|
|
def set_colors(self, *args, **kw):
|
|
|
"""Shorthand access to the color table scheme selector method."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Set own color table
|
|
|
self.color_scheme_table.set_active_scheme(*args, **kw)
|
|
|
# for convenience, set Colors to the active scheme
|
|
|
self.Colors = self.color_scheme_table.active_colors
|
|
|
# Also set colors of debugger
|
|
|
if hasattr(self, 'pdb') and self.pdb is not None:
|
|
|
self.pdb.set_colors(*args, **kw)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def color_toggle(self):
|
|
|
"""Toggle between the currently active color scheme and NoColor."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
if self.color_scheme_table.active_scheme_name == 'NoColor':
|
|
|
self.color_scheme_table.set_active_scheme(self.old_scheme)
|
|
|
self.Colors = self.color_scheme_table.active_colors
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
self.old_scheme = self.color_scheme_table.active_scheme_name
|
|
|
self.color_scheme_table.set_active_scheme('NoColor')
|
|
|
self.Colors = self.color_scheme_table.active_colors
|
|
|
|
|
|
def stb2text(self, stb):
|
|
|
"""Convert a structured traceback (a list) to a string."""
|
|
|
return '\n'.join(stb)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def text(self, etype, value, tb, tb_offset=None, context=5):
|
|
|
"""Return formatted traceback.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subclasses may override this if they add extra arguments.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
tb_list = self.structured_traceback(etype, value, tb,
|
|
|
tb_offset, context)
|
|
|
return self.stb2text(tb_list)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def structured_traceback(self, etype, evalue, tb, tb_offset=None,
|
|
|
context=5, mode=None):
|
|
|
"""Return a list of traceback frames.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Must be implemented by each class.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
raise NotImplementedError()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
class ListTB(TBTools):
|
|
|
"""Print traceback information from a traceback list, with optional color.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Calling requires 3 arguments: (etype, evalue, elist)
|
|
|
as would be obtained by::
|
|
|
|
|
|
etype, evalue, tb = sys.exc_info()
|
|
|
if tb:
|
|
|
elist = traceback.extract_tb(tb)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
elist = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
It can thus be used by programs which need to process the traceback before
|
|
|
printing (such as console replacements based on the code module from the
|
|
|
standard library).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Because they are meant to be called without a full traceback (only a
|
|
|
list), instances of this class can't call the interactive pdb debugger."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, color_scheme='NoColor', call_pdb=False, ostream=None, parent=None, config=None):
|
|
|
TBTools.__init__(self, color_scheme=color_scheme, call_pdb=call_pdb,
|
|
|
ostream=ostream, parent=parent,config=config)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __call__(self, etype, value, elist):
|
|
|
self.ostream.flush()
|
|
|
self.ostream.write(self.text(etype, value, elist))
|
|
|
self.ostream.write('\n')
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _extract_tb(self, tb):
|
|
|
if tb:
|
|
|
return traceback.extract_tb(tb)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
|
|
def structured_traceback(self, etype, evalue, etb=None, tb_offset=None,
|
|
|
context=5):
|
|
|
"""Return a color formatted string with the traceback info.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
etype : exception type
|
|
|
Type of the exception raised.
|
|
|
evalue : object
|
|
|
Data stored in the exception
|
|
|
etb : object
|
|
|
If list: List of frames, see class docstring for details.
|
|
|
If Traceback: Traceback of the exception.
|
|
|
tb_offset : int, optional
|
|
|
Number of frames in the traceback to skip. If not given, the
|
|
|
instance evalue is used (set in constructor).
|
|
|
context : int, optional
|
|
|
Number of lines of context information to print.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Returns
|
|
|
-------
|
|
|
String with formatted exception.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
# This is a workaround to get chained_exc_ids in recursive calls
|
|
|
# etb should not be a tuple if structured_traceback is not recursive
|
|
|
if isinstance(etb, tuple):
|
|
|
etb, chained_exc_ids = etb
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
chained_exc_ids = set()
|
|
|
|
|
|
if isinstance(etb, list):
|
|
|
elist = etb
|
|
|
elif etb is not None:
|
|
|
elist = self._extract_tb(etb)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
elist = []
|
|
|
tb_offset = self.tb_offset if tb_offset is None else tb_offset
|
|
|
Colors = self.Colors
|
|
|
out_list = []
|
|
|
if elist:
|
|
|
|
|
|
if tb_offset and len(elist) > tb_offset:
|
|
|
elist = elist[tb_offset:]
|
|
|
|
|
|
out_list.append('Traceback %s(most recent call last)%s:' %
|
|
|
(Colors.normalEm, Colors.Normal) + '\n')
|
|
|
out_list.extend(self._format_list(elist))
|
|
|
# The exception info should be a single entry in the list.
|
|
|
lines = ''.join(self._format_exception_only(etype, evalue))
|
|
|
out_list.append(lines)
|
|
|
|
|
|
exception = self.get_parts_of_chained_exception(evalue)
|
|
|
|
|
|
if exception and not id(exception[1]) in chained_exc_ids:
|
|
|
chained_exception_message = self.prepare_chained_exception_message(
|
|
|
evalue.__cause__)[0]
|
|
|
etype, evalue, etb = exception
|
|
|
# Trace exception to avoid infinite 'cause' loop
|
|
|
chained_exc_ids.add(id(exception[1]))
|
|
|
chained_exceptions_tb_offset = 0
|
|
|
out_list = (
|
|
|
self.structured_traceback(
|
|
|
etype, evalue, (etb, chained_exc_ids),
|
|
|
chained_exceptions_tb_offset, context)
|
|
|
+ chained_exception_message
|
|
|
+ out_list)
|
|
|
|
|
|
return out_list
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _format_list(self, extracted_list):
|
|
|
"""Format a list of traceback entry tuples for printing.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Given a list of tuples as returned by extract_tb() or
|
|
|
extract_stack(), return a list of strings ready for printing.
|
|
|
Each string in the resulting list corresponds to the item with the
|
|
|
same index in the argument list. Each string ends in a newline;
|
|
|
the strings may contain internal newlines as well, for those items
|
|
|
whose source text line is not None.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lifted almost verbatim from traceback.py
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
Colors = self.Colors
|
|
|
list = []
|
|
|
for filename, lineno, name, line in extracted_list[:-1]:
|
|
|
item = ' File %s"%s"%s, line %s%d%s, in %s%s%s\n' % \
|
|
|
(Colors.filename, filename, Colors.Normal,
|
|
|
Colors.lineno, lineno, Colors.Normal,
|
|
|
Colors.name, name, Colors.Normal)
|
|
|
if line:
|
|
|
item += ' %s\n' % line.strip()
|
|
|
list.append(item)
|
|
|
# Emphasize the last entry
|
|
|
filename, lineno, name, line = extracted_list[-1]
|
|
|
item = '%s File %s"%s"%s, line %s%d%s, in %s%s%s%s\n' % \
|
|
|
(Colors.normalEm,
|
|
|
Colors.filenameEm, filename, Colors.normalEm,
|
|
|
Colors.linenoEm, lineno, Colors.normalEm,
|
|
|
Colors.nameEm, name, Colors.normalEm,
|
|
|
Colors.Normal)
|
|
|
if line:
|
|
|
item += '%s %s%s\n' % (Colors.line, line.strip(),
|
|
|
Colors.Normal)
|
|
|
list.append(item)
|
|
|
return list
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _format_exception_only(self, etype, value):
|
|
|
"""Format the exception part of a traceback.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The arguments are the exception type and value such as given by
|
|
|
sys.exc_info()[:2]. The return value is a list of strings, each ending
|
|
|
in a newline. Normally, the list contains a single string; however,
|
|
|
for SyntaxError exceptions, it contains several lines that (when
|
|
|
printed) display detailed information about where the syntax error
|
|
|
occurred. The message indicating which exception occurred is the
|
|
|
always last string in the list.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Also lifted nearly verbatim from traceback.py
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
have_filedata = False
|
|
|
Colors = self.Colors
|
|
|
list = []
|
|
|
stype = py3compat.cast_unicode(Colors.excName + etype.__name__ + Colors.Normal)
|
|
|
if value is None:
|
|
|
# Not sure if this can still happen in Python 2.6 and above
|
|
|
list.append(stype + '\n')
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
if issubclass(etype, SyntaxError):
|
|
|
have_filedata = True
|
|
|
if not value.filename: value.filename = "<string>"
|
|
|
if value.lineno:
|
|
|
lineno = value.lineno
|
|
|
textline = linecache.getline(value.filename, value.lineno)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
lineno = 'unknown'
|
|
|
textline = ''
|
|
|
list.append('%s File %s"%s"%s, line %s%s%s\n' % \
|
|
|
(Colors.normalEm,
|
|
|
Colors.filenameEm, py3compat.cast_unicode(value.filename), Colors.normalEm,
|
|
|
Colors.linenoEm, lineno, Colors.Normal ))
|
|
|
if textline == '':
|
|
|
textline = py3compat.cast_unicode(value.text, "utf-8")
|
|
|
|
|
|
if textline is not None:
|
|
|
i = 0
|
|
|
while i < len(textline) and textline[i].isspace():
|
|
|
i += 1
|
|
|
list.append('%s %s%s\n' % (Colors.line,
|
|
|
textline.strip(),
|
|
|
Colors.Normal))
|
|
|
if value.offset is not None:
|
|
|
s = ' '
|
|
|
for c in textline[i:value.offset - 1]:
|
|
|
if c.isspace():
|
|
|
s += c
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
s += ' '
|
|
|
list.append('%s%s^%s\n' % (Colors.caret, s,
|
|
|
Colors.Normal))
|
|
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
s = value.msg
|
|
|
except Exception:
|
|
|
s = self._some_str(value)
|
|
|
if s:
|
|
|
list.append('%s%s:%s %s\n' % (stype, Colors.excName,
|
|
|
Colors.Normal, s))
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
list.append('%s\n' % stype)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# sync with user hooks
|
|
|
if have_filedata:
|
|
|
ipinst = get_ipython()
|
|
|
if ipinst is not None:
|
|
|
ipinst.hooks.synchronize_with_editor(value.filename, value.lineno, 0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
return list
|
|
|
|
|
|
def get_exception_only(self, etype, value):
|
|
|
"""Only print the exception type and message, without a traceback.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
etype : exception type
|
|
|
evalue : exception value
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
return ListTB.structured_traceback(self, etype, value)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def show_exception_only(self, etype, evalue):
|
|
|
"""Only print the exception type and message, without a traceback.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
etype : exception type
|
|
|
evalue : exception value
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
# This method needs to use __call__ from *this* class, not the one from
|
|
|
# a subclass whose signature or behavior may be different
|
|
|
ostream = self.ostream
|
|
|
ostream.flush()
|
|
|
ostream.write('\n'.join(self.get_exception_only(etype, evalue)))
|
|
|
ostream.flush()
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _some_str(self, value):
|
|
|
# Lifted from traceback.py
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
return py3compat.cast_unicode(str(value))
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
return u'<unprintable %s object>' % type(value).__name__
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
class VerboseTB(TBTools):
|
|
|
"""A port of Ka-Ping Yee's cgitb.py module that outputs color text instead
|
|
|
of HTML. Requires inspect and pydoc. Crazy, man.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Modified version which optionally strips the topmost entries from the
|
|
|
traceback, to be used with alternate interpreters (because their own code
|
|
|
would appear in the traceback)."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, color_scheme='Linux', call_pdb=False, ostream=None,
|
|
|
tb_offset=0, long_header=False, include_vars=True,
|
|
|
check_cache=None, debugger_cls = None,
|
|
|
parent=None, config=None):
|
|
|
"""Specify traceback offset, headers and color scheme.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Define how many frames to drop from the tracebacks. Calling it with
|
|
|
tb_offset=1 allows use of this handler in interpreters which will have
|
|
|
their own code at the top of the traceback (VerboseTB will first
|
|
|
remove that frame before printing the traceback info)."""
|
|
|
TBTools.__init__(self, color_scheme=color_scheme, call_pdb=call_pdb,
|
|
|
ostream=ostream, parent=parent, config=config)
|
|
|
self.tb_offset = tb_offset
|
|
|
self.long_header = long_header
|
|
|
self.include_vars = include_vars
|
|
|
# By default we use linecache.checkcache, but the user can provide a
|
|
|
# different check_cache implementation. This is used by the IPython
|
|
|
# kernel to provide tracebacks for interactive code that is cached,
|
|
|
# by a compiler instance that flushes the linecache but preserves its
|
|
|
# own code cache.
|
|
|
if check_cache is None:
|
|
|
check_cache = linecache.checkcache
|
|
|
self.check_cache = check_cache
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.debugger_cls = debugger_cls or debugger.Pdb
|
|
|
self.skip_hidden = True
|
|
|
|
|
|
def format_record(self, frame_info):
|
|
|
"""Format a single stack frame"""
|
|
|
Colors = self.Colors # just a shorthand + quicker name lookup
|
|
|
ColorsNormal = Colors.Normal # used a lot
|
|
|
|
|
|
if isinstance(frame_info, stack_data.RepeatedFrames):
|
|
|
return ' %s[... skipping similar frames: %s]%s\n' % (
|
|
|
Colors.excName, frame_info.description, ColorsNormal)
|
|
|
|
|
|
file = frame_info.filename
|
|
|
|
|
|
ipinst = get_ipython()
|
|
|
if ipinst is not None and file in ipinst.compile._filename_map:
|
|
|
file = "[%s]" % ipinst.compile._filename_map[file]
|
|
|
tpl_link = "In %s%%s%s," % (Colors.filenameEm, ColorsNormal)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
file = util_path.compress_user(
|
|
|
py3compat.cast_unicode(file, util_path.fs_encoding)
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
tpl_link = "File %s%%s%s," % (Colors.filenameEm, ColorsNormal)
|
|
|
|
|
|
indent = ' ' * INDENT_SIZE
|
|
|
em_normal = '%s\n%s%s' % (Colors.valEm, indent, ColorsNormal)
|
|
|
tpl_call = 'in %s%%s%s%%s%s' % (Colors.vName, Colors.valEm,
|
|
|
ColorsNormal)
|
|
|
tpl_call_fail = 'in %s%%s%s(***failed resolving arguments***)%s' % \
|
|
|
(Colors.vName, Colors.valEm, ColorsNormal)
|
|
|
tpl_name_val = '%%s %s= %%s%s' % (Colors.valEm, ColorsNormal)
|
|
|
|
|
|
link = tpl_link % file
|
|
|
args, varargs, varkw, locals_ = inspect.getargvalues(frame_info.frame)
|
|
|
|
|
|
func = frame_info.executing.code_qualname()
|
|
|
if func == '<module>':
|
|
|
call = tpl_call % (func, '')
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
# Decide whether to include variable details or not
|
|
|
var_repr = eqrepr if self.include_vars else nullrepr
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
call = tpl_call % (func, inspect.formatargvalues(args,
|
|
|
varargs, varkw,
|
|
|
locals_, formatvalue=var_repr))
|
|
|
except KeyError:
|
|
|
# This happens in situations like errors inside generator
|
|
|
# expressions, where local variables are listed in the
|
|
|
# line, but can't be extracted from the frame. I'm not
|
|
|
# 100% sure this isn't actually a bug in inspect itself,
|
|
|
# but since there's no info for us to compute with, the
|
|
|
# best we can do is report the failure and move on. Here
|
|
|
# we must *not* call any traceback construction again,
|
|
|
# because that would mess up use of %debug later on. So we
|
|
|
# simply report the failure and move on. The only
|
|
|
# limitation will be that this frame won't have locals
|
|
|
# listed in the call signature. Quite subtle problem...
|
|
|
# I can't think of a good way to validate this in a unit
|
|
|
# test, but running a script consisting of:
|
|
|
# dict( (k,v.strip()) for (k,v) in range(10) )
|
|
|
# will illustrate the error, if this exception catch is
|
|
|
# disabled.
|
|
|
call = tpl_call_fail % func
|
|
|
|
|
|
lvals = ''
|
|
|
lvals_list = []
|
|
|
if self.include_vars:
|
|
|
for var in frame_info.variables_in_executing_piece:
|
|
|
lvals_list.append(tpl_name_val % (var.name, repr(var.value)))
|
|
|
if lvals_list:
|
|
|
lvals = '%s%s' % (indent, em_normal.join(lvals_list))
|
|
|
|
|
|
result = '%s %s\n' % (link, call)
|
|
|
|
|
|
result += ''.join(_format_traceback_lines(frame_info.lines, Colors, self.has_colors, lvals))
|
|
|
return result
|
|
|
|
|
|
def prepare_header(self, etype, long_version=False):
|
|
|
colors = self.Colors # just a shorthand + quicker name lookup
|
|
|
colorsnormal = colors.Normal # used a lot
|
|
|
exc = '%s%s%s' % (colors.excName, etype, colorsnormal)
|
|
|
width = min(75, get_terminal_size()[0])
|
|
|
if long_version:
|
|
|
# Header with the exception type, python version, and date
|
|
|
pyver = 'Python ' + sys.version.split()[0] + ': ' + sys.executable
|
|
|
date = time.ctime(time.time())
|
|
|
|
|
|
head = '%s%s%s\n%s%s%s\n%s' % (colors.topline, '-' * width, colorsnormal,
|
|
|
exc, ' ' * (width - len(str(etype)) - len(pyver)),
|
|
|
pyver, date.rjust(width) )
|
|
|
head += "\nA problem occurred executing Python code. Here is the sequence of function" \
|
|
|
"\ncalls leading up to the error, with the most recent (innermost) call last."
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
# Simplified header
|
|
|
head = '%s%s' % (exc, 'Traceback (most recent call last)'. \
|
|
|
rjust(width - len(str(etype))) )
|
|
|
|
|
|
return head
|
|
|
|
|
|
def format_exception(self, etype, evalue):
|
|
|
colors = self.Colors # just a shorthand + quicker name lookup
|
|
|
colorsnormal = colors.Normal # used a lot
|
|
|
# Get (safely) a string form of the exception info
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
etype_str, evalue_str = map(str, (etype, evalue))
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
# User exception is improperly defined.
|
|
|
etype, evalue = str, sys.exc_info()[:2]
|
|
|
etype_str, evalue_str = map(str, (etype, evalue))
|
|
|
# ... and format it
|
|
|
return ['%s%s%s: %s' % (colors.excName, etype_str,
|
|
|
colorsnormal, py3compat.cast_unicode(evalue_str))]
|
|
|
|
|
|
def format_exception_as_a_whole(self, etype, evalue, etb, number_of_lines_of_context, tb_offset):
|
|
|
"""Formats the header, traceback and exception message for a single exception.
|
|
|
|
|
|
This may be called multiple times by Python 3 exception chaining
|
|
|
(PEP 3134).
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
# some locals
|
|
|
orig_etype = etype
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
etype = etype.__name__
|
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
tb_offset = self.tb_offset if tb_offset is None else tb_offset
|
|
|
head = self.prepare_header(etype, self.long_header)
|
|
|
records = self.get_records(etb, number_of_lines_of_context, tb_offset)
|
|
|
|
|
|
frames = []
|
|
|
skipped = 0
|
|
|
lastrecord = len(records) - 1
|
|
|
for i, r in enumerate(records):
|
|
|
if not isinstance(r, stack_data.RepeatedFrames) and self.skip_hidden:
|
|
|
if r.frame.f_locals.get("__tracebackhide__", 0) and i != lastrecord:
|
|
|
skipped += 1
|
|
|
continue
|
|
|
if skipped:
|
|
|
Colors = self.Colors # just a shorthand + quicker name lookup
|
|
|
ColorsNormal = Colors.Normal # used a lot
|
|
|
frames.append(
|
|
|
" %s[... skipping hidden %s frame]%s\n"
|
|
|
% (Colors.excName, skipped, ColorsNormal)
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
skipped = 0
|
|
|
frames.append(self.format_record(r))
|
|
|
if skipped:
|
|
|
Colors = self.Colors # just a shorthand + quicker name lookup
|
|
|
ColorsNormal = Colors.Normal # used a lot
|
|
|
frames.append(
|
|
|
" %s[... skipping hidden %s frame]%s\n"
|
|
|
% (Colors.excName, skipped, ColorsNormal)
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
formatted_exception = self.format_exception(etype, evalue)
|
|
|
if records:
|
|
|
frame_info = records[-1]
|
|
|
ipinst = get_ipython()
|
|
|
if ipinst is not None:
|
|
|
ipinst.hooks.synchronize_with_editor(frame_info.filename, frame_info.lineno, 0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
return [[head] + frames + [''.join(formatted_exception[0])]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
def get_records(self, etb, number_of_lines_of_context, tb_offset):
|
|
|
context = number_of_lines_of_context - 1
|
|
|
after = context // 2
|
|
|
before = context - after
|
|
|
if self.has_colors:
|
|
|
style = get_style_by_name('default')
|
|
|
style = stack_data.style_with_executing_node(style, 'bg:#00005f')
|
|
|
formatter = Terminal256Formatter(style=style)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
formatter = None
|
|
|
options = stack_data.Options(
|
|
|
before=before,
|
|
|
after=after,
|
|
|
pygments_formatter=formatter,
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
return list(stack_data.FrameInfo.stack_data(etb, options=options))[tb_offset:]
|
|
|
|
|
|
def structured_traceback(self, etype, evalue, etb, tb_offset=None,
|
|
|
number_of_lines_of_context=5):
|
|
|
"""Return a nice text document describing the traceback."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
formatted_exception = self.format_exception_as_a_whole(etype, evalue, etb, number_of_lines_of_context,
|
|
|
tb_offset)
|
|
|
|
|
|
colors = self.Colors # just a shorthand + quicker name lookup
|
|
|
colorsnormal = colors.Normal # used a lot
|
|
|
head = '%s%s%s' % (colors.topline, '-' * min(75, get_terminal_size()[0]), colorsnormal)
|
|
|
structured_traceback_parts = [head]
|
|
|
chained_exceptions_tb_offset = 0
|
|
|
lines_of_context = 3
|
|
|
formatted_exceptions = formatted_exception
|
|
|
exception = self.get_parts_of_chained_exception(evalue)
|
|
|
if exception:
|
|
|
formatted_exceptions += self.prepare_chained_exception_message(evalue.__cause__)
|
|
|
etype, evalue, etb = exception
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
evalue = None
|
|
|
chained_exc_ids = set()
|
|
|
while evalue:
|
|
|
formatted_exceptions += self.format_exception_as_a_whole(etype, evalue, etb, lines_of_context,
|
|
|
chained_exceptions_tb_offset)
|
|
|
exception = self.get_parts_of_chained_exception(evalue)
|
|
|
|
|
|
if exception and not id(exception[1]) in chained_exc_ids:
|
|
|
chained_exc_ids.add(id(exception[1])) # trace exception to avoid infinite 'cause' loop
|
|
|
formatted_exceptions += self.prepare_chained_exception_message(evalue.__cause__)
|
|
|
etype, evalue, etb = exception
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
evalue = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
# we want to see exceptions in a reversed order:
|
|
|
# the first exception should be on top
|
|
|
for formatted_exception in reversed(formatted_exceptions):
|
|
|
structured_traceback_parts += formatted_exception
|
|
|
|
|
|
return structured_traceback_parts
|
|
|
|
|
|
def debugger(self, force=False):
|
|
|
"""Call up the pdb debugger if desired, always clean up the tb
|
|
|
reference.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Keywords:
|
|
|
|
|
|
- force(False): by default, this routine checks the instance call_pdb
|
|
|
flag and does not actually invoke the debugger if the flag is false.
|
|
|
The 'force' option forces the debugger to activate even if the flag
|
|
|
is false.
|
|
|
|
|
|
If the call_pdb flag is set, the pdb interactive debugger is
|
|
|
invoked. In all cases, the self.tb reference to the current traceback
|
|
|
is deleted to prevent lingering references which hamper memory
|
|
|
management.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that each call to pdb() does an 'import readline', so if your app
|
|
|
requires a special setup for the readline completers, you'll have to
|
|
|
fix that by hand after invoking the exception handler."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
if force or self.call_pdb:
|
|
|
if self.pdb is None:
|
|
|
self.pdb = self.debugger_cls()
|
|
|
# the system displayhook may have changed, restore the original
|
|
|
# for pdb
|
|
|
display_trap = DisplayTrap(hook=sys.__displayhook__)
|
|
|
with display_trap:
|
|
|
self.pdb.reset()
|
|
|
# Find the right frame so we don't pop up inside ipython itself
|
|
|
if hasattr(self, 'tb') and self.tb is not None:
|
|
|
etb = self.tb
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
etb = self.tb = sys.last_traceback
|
|
|
while self.tb is not None and self.tb.tb_next is not None:
|
|
|
self.tb = self.tb.tb_next
|
|
|
if etb and etb.tb_next:
|
|
|
etb = etb.tb_next
|
|
|
self.pdb.botframe = etb.tb_frame
|
|
|
self.pdb.interaction(None, etb)
|
|
|
|
|
|
if hasattr(self, 'tb'):
|
|
|
del self.tb
|
|
|
|
|
|
def handler(self, info=None):
|
|
|
(etype, evalue, etb) = info or sys.exc_info()
|
|
|
self.tb = etb
|
|
|
ostream = self.ostream
|
|
|
ostream.flush()
|
|
|
ostream.write(self.text(etype, evalue, etb))
|
|
|
ostream.write('\n')
|
|
|
ostream.flush()
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Changed so an instance can just be called as VerboseTB_inst() and print
|
|
|
# out the right info on its own.
|
|
|
def __call__(self, etype=None, evalue=None, etb=None):
|
|
|
"""This hook can replace sys.excepthook (for Python 2.1 or higher)."""
|
|
|
if etb is None:
|
|
|
self.handler()
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
self.handler((etype, evalue, etb))
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
self.debugger()
|
|
|
except KeyboardInterrupt:
|
|
|
print("\nKeyboardInterrupt")
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
class FormattedTB(VerboseTB, ListTB):
|
|
|
"""Subclass ListTB but allow calling with a traceback.
|
|
|
|
|
|
It can thus be used as a sys.excepthook for Python > 2.1.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Also adds 'Context' and 'Verbose' modes, not available in ListTB.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allows a tb_offset to be specified. This is useful for situations where
|
|
|
one needs to remove a number of topmost frames from the traceback (such as
|
|
|
occurs with python programs that themselves execute other python code,
|
|
|
like Python shells). """
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, mode='Plain', color_scheme='Linux', call_pdb=False,
|
|
|
ostream=None,
|
|
|
tb_offset=0, long_header=False, include_vars=False,
|
|
|
check_cache=None, debugger_cls=None,
|
|
|
parent=None, config=None):
|
|
|
|
|
|
# NEVER change the order of this list. Put new modes at the end:
|
|
|
self.valid_modes = ['Plain', 'Context', 'Verbose', 'Minimal']
|
|
|
self.verbose_modes = self.valid_modes[1:3]
|
|
|
|
|
|
VerboseTB.__init__(self, color_scheme=color_scheme, call_pdb=call_pdb,
|
|
|
ostream=ostream, tb_offset=tb_offset,
|
|
|
long_header=long_header, include_vars=include_vars,
|
|
|
check_cache=check_cache, debugger_cls=debugger_cls,
|
|
|
parent=parent, config=config)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Different types of tracebacks are joined with different separators to
|
|
|
# form a single string. They are taken from this dict
|
|
|
self._join_chars = dict(Plain='', Context='\n', Verbose='\n',
|
|
|
Minimal='')
|
|
|
# set_mode also sets the tb_join_char attribute
|
|
|
self.set_mode(mode)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def structured_traceback(self, etype, value, tb, tb_offset=None, number_of_lines_of_context=5):
|
|
|
tb_offset = self.tb_offset if tb_offset is None else tb_offset
|
|
|
mode = self.mode
|
|
|
if mode in self.verbose_modes:
|
|
|
# Verbose modes need a full traceback
|
|
|
return VerboseTB.structured_traceback(
|
|
|
self, etype, value, tb, tb_offset, number_of_lines_of_context
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
elif mode == 'Minimal':
|
|
|
return ListTB.get_exception_only(self, etype, value)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
# We must check the source cache because otherwise we can print
|
|
|
# out-of-date source code.
|
|
|
self.check_cache()
|
|
|
# Now we can extract and format the exception
|
|
|
return ListTB.structured_traceback(
|
|
|
self, etype, value, tb, tb_offset, number_of_lines_of_context
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def stb2text(self, stb):
|
|
|
"""Convert a structured traceback (a list) to a string."""
|
|
|
return self.tb_join_char.join(stb)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def set_mode(self, mode=None):
|
|
|
"""Switch to the desired mode.
|
|
|
|
|
|
If mode is not specified, cycles through the available modes."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
if not mode:
|
|
|
new_idx = (self.valid_modes.index(self.mode) + 1 ) % \
|
|
|
len(self.valid_modes)
|
|
|
self.mode = self.valid_modes[new_idx]
|
|
|
elif mode not in self.valid_modes:
|
|
|
raise ValueError('Unrecognized mode in FormattedTB: <' + mode + '>\n'
|
|
|
'Valid modes: ' + str(self.valid_modes))
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
self.mode = mode
|
|
|
# include variable details only in 'Verbose' mode
|
|
|
self.include_vars = (self.mode == self.valid_modes[2])
|
|
|
# Set the join character for generating text tracebacks
|
|
|
self.tb_join_char = self._join_chars[self.mode]
|
|
|
|
|
|
# some convenient shortcuts
|
|
|
def plain(self):
|
|
|
self.set_mode(self.valid_modes[0])
|
|
|
|
|
|
def context(self):
|
|
|
self.set_mode(self.valid_modes[1])
|
|
|
|
|
|
def verbose(self):
|
|
|
self.set_mode(self.valid_modes[2])
|
|
|
|
|
|
def minimal(self):
|
|
|
self.set_mode(self.valid_modes[3])
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
class AutoFormattedTB(FormattedTB):
|
|
|
"""A traceback printer which can be called on the fly.
|
|
|
|
|
|
It will find out about exceptions by itself.
|
|
|
|
|
|
A brief example::
|
|
|
|
|
|
AutoTB = AutoFormattedTB(mode = 'Verbose',color_scheme='Linux')
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
AutoTB() # or AutoTB(out=logfile) where logfile is an open file object
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __call__(self, etype=None, evalue=None, etb=None,
|
|
|
out=None, tb_offset=None):
|
|
|
"""Print out a formatted exception traceback.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Optional arguments:
|
|
|
- out: an open file-like object to direct output to.
|
|
|
|
|
|
- tb_offset: the number of frames to skip over in the stack, on a
|
|
|
per-call basis (this overrides temporarily the instance's tb_offset
|
|
|
given at initialization time."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
if out is None:
|
|
|
out = self.ostream
|
|
|
out.flush()
|
|
|
out.write(self.text(etype, evalue, etb, tb_offset))
|
|
|
out.write('\n')
|
|
|
out.flush()
|
|
|
# FIXME: we should remove the auto pdb behavior from here and leave
|
|
|
# that to the clients.
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
self.debugger()
|
|
|
except KeyboardInterrupt:
|
|
|
print("\nKeyboardInterrupt")
|
|
|
|
|
|
def structured_traceback(self, etype=None, value=None, tb=None,
|
|
|
tb_offset=None, number_of_lines_of_context=5):
|
|
|
if etype is None:
|
|
|
etype, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
|
|
|
if isinstance(tb, tuple):
|
|
|
# tb is a tuple if this is a chained exception.
|
|
|
self.tb = tb[0]
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
self.tb = tb
|
|
|
return FormattedTB.structured_traceback(
|
|
|
self, etype, value, tb, tb_offset, number_of_lines_of_context)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
# A simple class to preserve Nathan's original functionality.
|
|
|
class ColorTB(FormattedTB):
|
|
|
"""Shorthand to initialize a FormattedTB in Linux colors mode."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, color_scheme='Linux', call_pdb=0, **kwargs):
|
|
|
FormattedTB.__init__(self, color_scheme=color_scheme,
|
|
|
call_pdb=call_pdb, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class SyntaxTB(ListTB):
|
|
|
"""Extension which holds some state: the last exception value"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, color_scheme='NoColor', parent=None, config=None):
|
|
|
ListTB.__init__(self, color_scheme, parent=parent, config=config)
|
|
|
self.last_syntax_error = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __call__(self, etype, value, elist):
|
|
|
self.last_syntax_error = value
|
|
|
|
|
|
ListTB.__call__(self, etype, value, elist)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def structured_traceback(self, etype, value, elist, tb_offset=None,
|
|
|
context=5):
|
|
|
# If the source file has been edited, the line in the syntax error can
|
|
|
# be wrong (retrieved from an outdated cache). This replaces it with
|
|
|
# the current value.
|
|
|
if isinstance(value, SyntaxError) \
|
|
|
and isinstance(value.filename, str) \
|
|
|
and isinstance(value.lineno, int):
|
|
|
linecache.checkcache(value.filename)
|
|
|
newtext = linecache.getline(value.filename, value.lineno)
|
|
|
if newtext:
|
|
|
value.text = newtext
|
|
|
self.last_syntax_error = value
|
|
|
return super(SyntaxTB, self).structured_traceback(etype, value, elist,
|
|
|
tb_offset=tb_offset, context=context)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def clear_err_state(self):
|
|
|
"""Return the current error state and clear it"""
|
|
|
e = self.last_syntax_error
|
|
|
self.last_syntax_error = None
|
|
|
return e
|
|
|
|
|
|
def stb2text(self, stb):
|
|
|
"""Convert a structured traceback (a list) to a string."""
|
|
|
return ''.join(stb)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# some internal-use functions
|
|
|
def text_repr(value):
|
|
|
"""Hopefully pretty robust repr equivalent."""
|
|
|
# this is pretty horrible but should always return *something*
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
return pydoc.text.repr(value)
|
|
|
except KeyboardInterrupt:
|
|
|
raise
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
return repr(value)
|
|
|
except KeyboardInterrupt:
|
|
|
raise
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
# all still in an except block so we catch
|
|
|
# getattr raising
|
|
|
name = getattr(value, '__name__', None)
|
|
|
if name:
|
|
|
# ick, recursion
|
|
|
return text_repr(name)
|
|
|
klass = getattr(value, '__class__', None)
|
|
|
if klass:
|
|
|
return '%s instance' % text_repr(klass)
|
|
|
except KeyboardInterrupt:
|
|
|
raise
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
return 'UNRECOVERABLE REPR FAILURE'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def eqrepr(value, repr=text_repr):
|
|
|
return '=%s' % repr(value)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def nullrepr(value, repr=text_repr):
|
|
|
return ''
|
|
|
|
