|
|
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
ultratb.py -- Spice up your tracebacks!
|
|
|
|
|
|
* ColorTB
|
|
|
I've always found it a bit hard to visually parse tracebacks in Python. The
|
|
|
ColorTB class is a solution to that problem. It colors the different parts of a
|
|
|
traceback in a manner similar to what you would expect from a syntax-highlighting
|
|
|
text editor.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Installation instructions for ColorTB:
|
|
|
import sys,ultratb
|
|
|
sys.excepthook = ultratb.ColorTB()
|
|
|
|
|
|
* VerboseTB
|
|
|
I've also included a port of Ka-Ping Yee's "cgitb.py" that produces all kinds
|
|
|
of useful info when a traceback occurs. Ping originally had it spit out HTML
|
|
|
and intended it for CGI programmers, but why should they have all the fun? I
|
|
|
altered it to spit out colored text to the terminal. It's a bit overwhelming,
|
|
|
but kind of neat, and maybe useful for long-running programs that you believe
|
|
|
are bug-free. If a crash *does* occur in that type of program you want details.
|
|
|
Give it a shot--you'll love it or you'll hate it.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note:
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Verbose mode prints the variables currently visible where the exception
|
|
|
happened (shortening their strings if too long). This can potentially be
|
|
|
very slow, if you happen to have a huge data structure whose string
|
|
|
representation is complex to compute. Your computer may appear to freeze for
|
|
|
a while with cpu usage at 100%. If this occurs, you can cancel the traceback
|
|
|
with Ctrl-C (maybe hitting it more than once).
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you encounter this kind of situation often, you may want to use the
|
|
|
Verbose_novars mode instead of the regular Verbose, which avoids formatting
|
|
|
variables (but otherwise includes the information and context given by
|
|
|
Verbose).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Installation instructions for ColorTB:
|
|
|
import sys,ultratb
|
|
|
sys.excepthook = ultratb.VerboseTB()
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note: Much of the code in this module was lifted verbatim from the standard
|
|
|
library module 'traceback.py' and Ka-Ping Yee's 'cgitb.py'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Color schemes
|
|
|
The colors are defined in the class TBTools through the use of the
|
|
|
ColorSchemeTable class. Currently the following exist:
|
|
|
|
|
|
- NoColor: allows all of this module to be used in any terminal (the color
|
|
|
escapes are just dummy blank strings).
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Linux: is meant to look good in a terminal like the Linux console (black
|
|
|
or very dark background).
|
|
|
|
|
|
- LightBG: similar to Linux but swaps dark/light colors to be more readable
|
|
|
in light background terminals.
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can implement other color schemes easily, the syntax is fairly
|
|
|
self-explanatory. Please send back new schemes you develop to the author for
|
|
|
possible inclusion in future releases.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
#*****************************************************************************
|
|
|
# Copyright (C) 2001 Nathaniel Gray <n8gray@caltech.edu>
|
|
|
# Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Fernando Perez <fperez@colorado.edu>
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
# Distributed under the terms of the BSD License. The full license is in
|
|
|
# the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
|
|
|
#*****************************************************************************
|
|
|
|
|
|
from __future__ import with_statement
|
|
|
|
|
|
import inspect
|
|
|
import keyword
|
|
|
import linecache
|
|
|
import os
|
|
|
import pydoc
|
|
|
import re
|
|
|
import string
|
|
|
import sys
|
|
|
import time
|
|
|
import tokenize
|
|
|
import traceback
|
|
|
import types
|
|
|
|
|
|
# For purposes of monkeypatching inspect to fix a bug in it.
|
|
|
from inspect import getsourcefile, getfile, getmodule,\
|
|
|
ismodule, isclass, ismethod, isfunction, istraceback, isframe, iscode
|
|
|
|
|
|
# IPython's own modules
|
|
|
# Modified pdb which doesn't damage IPython's readline handling
|
|
|
from IPython.utils import PyColorize
|
|
|
from IPython.core import debugger, ipapi
|
|
|
from IPython.core.display_trap import DisplayTrap
|
|
|
from IPython.core.excolors import exception_colors
|
|
|
from IPython.utils.data import uniq_stable
|
|
|
import IPython.utils.io
|
|
|
from IPython.utils.warn import info, error
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Globals
|
|
|
# amount of space to put line numbers before verbose tracebacks
|
|
|
INDENT_SIZE = 8
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Default color scheme. This is used, for example, by the traceback
|
|
|
# formatter. When running in an actual IPython instance, the user's rc.colors
|
|
|
# value is used, but havinga module global makes this functionality available
|
|
|
# to users of ultratb who are NOT running inside ipython.
|
|
|
DEFAULT_SCHEME = 'NoColor'
|
|
|
|
|
|
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
# Code begins
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Utility functions
|
|
|
def inspect_error():
|
|
|
"""Print a message about internal inspect errors.
|
|
|
|
|
|
These are unfortunately quite common."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
error('Internal Python error in the inspect module.\n'
|
|
|
'Below is the traceback from this internal error.\n')
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def findsource(object):
|
|
|
"""Return the entire source file and starting line number for an object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The argument may be a module, class, method, function, traceback, frame,
|
|
|
or code object. The source code is returned as a list of all the lines
|
|
|
in the file and the line number indexes a line in that list. An IOError
|
|
|
is raised if the source code cannot be retrieved.
|
|
|
|
|
|
FIXED version with which we monkeypatch the stdlib to work around a bug."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
file = getsourcefile(object) or getfile(object)
|
|
|
# If the object is a frame, then trying to get the globals dict from its
|
|
|
# module won't work. Instead, the frame object itself has the globals
|
|
|
# dictionary.
|
|
|
globals_dict = None
|
|
|
if inspect.isframe(object):
|
|
|
# XXX: can this ever be false?
|
|
|
globals_dict = object.f_globals
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
module = getmodule(object, file)
|
|
|
if module:
|
|
|
globals_dict = module.__dict__
|
|
|
lines = linecache.getlines(file, globals_dict)
|
|
|
if not lines:
|
|
|
raise IOError('could not get source code')
|
|
|
|
|
|
if ismodule(object):
|
|
|
return lines, 0
|
|
|
|
|
|
if isclass(object):
|
|
|
name = object.__name__
|
|
|
pat = re.compile(r'^(\s*)class\s*' + name + r'\b')
|
|
|
# make some effort to find the best matching class definition:
|
|
|
# use the one with the least indentation, which is the one
|
|
|
# that's most probably not inside a function definition.
|
|
|
candidates = []
|
|
|
for i in range(len(lines)):
|
|
|
match = pat.match(lines[i])
|
|
|
if match:
|
|
|
# if it's at toplevel, it's already the best one
|
|
|
if lines[i][0] == 'c':
|
|
|
return lines, i
|
|
|
# else add whitespace to candidate list
|
|
|
candidates.append((match.group(1), i))
|
|
|
if candidates:
|
|
|
# this will sort by whitespace, and by line number,
|
|
|
# less whitespace first
|
|
|
candidates.sort()
|
|
|
return lines, candidates[0][1]
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
raise IOError('could not find class definition')
|
|
|
|
|
|
if ismethod(object):
|
|
|
object = object.im_func
|
|
|
if isfunction(object):
|
|
|
object = object.func_code
|
|
|
if istraceback(object):
|
|
|
object = object.tb_frame
|
|
|
if isframe(object):
|
|
|
object = object.f_code
|
|
|
if iscode(object):
|
|
|
if not hasattr(object, 'co_firstlineno'):
|
|
|
raise IOError('could not find function definition')
|
|
|
pat = re.compile(r'^(\s*def\s)|(.*(?<!\w)lambda(:|\s))|^(\s*@)')
|
|
|
pmatch = pat.match
|
|
|
# fperez - fix: sometimes, co_firstlineno can give a number larger than
|
|
|
# the length of lines, which causes an error. Safeguard against that.
|
|
|
lnum = min(object.co_firstlineno,len(lines))-1
|
|
|
while lnum > 0:
|
|
|
if pmatch(lines[lnum]): break
|
|
|
lnum -= 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
return lines, lnum
|
|
|
raise IOError('could not find code object')
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Monkeypatch inspect to apply our bugfix. This code only works with py25
|
|
|
if sys.version_info[:2] >= (2,5):
|
|
|
inspect.findsource = findsource
|
|
|
|
|
|
def fix_frame_records_filenames(records):
|
|
|
"""Try to fix the filenames in each record from inspect.getinnerframes().
|
|
|
|
|
|
Particularly, modules loaded from within zip files have useless filenames
|
|
|
attached to their code object, and inspect.getinnerframes() just uses it.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
fixed_records = []
|
|
|
for frame, filename, line_no, func_name, lines, index in records:
|
|
|
# Look inside the frame's globals dictionary for __file__, which should
|
|
|
# be better.
|
|
|
better_fn = frame.f_globals.get('__file__', None)
|
|
|
if isinstance(better_fn, str):
|
|
|
# Check the type just in case someone did something weird with
|
|
|
# __file__. It might also be None if the error occurred during
|
|
|
# import.
|
|
|
filename = better_fn
|
|
|
fixed_records.append((frame, filename, line_no, func_name, lines, index))
|
|
|
return fixed_records
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _fixed_getinnerframes(etb, context=1,tb_offset=0):
|
|
|
import linecache
|
|
|
LNUM_POS, LINES_POS, INDEX_POS = 2, 4, 5
|
|
|
|
|
|
records = fix_frame_records_filenames(inspect.getinnerframes(etb, context))
|
|
|
|
|
|
# If the error is at the console, don't build any context, since it would
|
|
|
# otherwise produce 5 blank lines printed out (there is no file at the
|
|
|
# console)
|
|
|
rec_check = records[tb_offset:]
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
rname = rec_check[0][1]
|
|
|
if rname == '<ipython console>' or rname.endswith('<string>'):
|
|
|
return rec_check
|
|
|
except IndexError:
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
aux = traceback.extract_tb(etb)
|
|
|
assert len(records) == len(aux)
|
|
|
for i, (file, lnum, _, _) in zip(range(len(records)), aux):
|
|
|
maybeStart = lnum-1 - context//2
|
|
|
start = max(maybeStart, 0)
|
|
|
end = start + context
|
|
|
lines = linecache.getlines(file)[start:end]
|
|
|
# pad with empty lines if necessary
|
|
|
if maybeStart < 0:
|
|
|
lines = (['\n'] * -maybeStart) + lines
|
|
|
if len(lines) < context:
|
|
|
lines += ['\n'] * (context - len(lines))
|
|
|
buf = list(records[i])
|
|
|
buf[LNUM_POS] = lnum
|
|
|
buf[INDEX_POS] = lnum - 1 - start
|
|
|
buf[LINES_POS] = lines
|
|
|
records[i] = tuple(buf)
|
|
|
return records[tb_offset:]
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Helper function -- largely belongs to VerboseTB, but we need the same
|
|
|
# functionality to produce a pseudo verbose TB for SyntaxErrors, so that they
|
|
|
# can be recognized properly by ipython.el's py-traceback-line-re
|
|
|
# (SyntaxErrors have to be treated specially because they have no traceback)
|
|
|
|
|
|
_parser = PyColorize.Parser()
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _format_traceback_lines(lnum, index, lines, Colors, lvals=None,scheme=None):
|
|
|
numbers_width = INDENT_SIZE - 1
|
|
|
res = []
|
|
|
i = lnum - index
|
|
|
|
|
|
# This lets us get fully syntax-highlighted tracebacks.
|
|
|
if scheme is None:
|
|
|
ipinst = ipapi.get()
|
|
|
if ipinst is not None:
|
|
|
scheme = ipinst.colors
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
scheme = DEFAULT_SCHEME
|
|
|
|
|
|
_line_format = _parser.format2
|
|
|
|
|
|
for line in lines:
|
|
|
new_line, err = _line_format(line,'str',scheme)
|
|
|
if not err: line = new_line
|
|
|
|
|
|
if i == lnum:
|
|
|
# This is the line with the error
|
|
|
pad = numbers_width - len(str(i))
|
|
|
if pad >= 3:
|
|
|
marker = '-'*(pad-3) + '-> '
|
|
|
elif pad == 2:
|
|
|
marker = '> '
|
|
|
elif pad == 1:
|
|
|
marker = '>'
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
marker = ''
|
|
|
num = marker + str(i)
|
|
|
line = '%s%s%s %s%s' %(Colors.linenoEm, num,
|
|
|
Colors.line, line, Colors.Normal)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
num = '%*s' % (numbers_width,i)
|
|
|
line = '%s%s%s %s' %(Colors.lineno, num,
|
|
|
Colors.Normal, line)
|
|
|
|
|
|
res.append(line)
|
|
|
if lvals and i == lnum:
|
|
|
res.append(lvals + '\n')
|
|
|
i = i + 1
|
|
|
return res
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
# Module classes
|
|
|
class TBTools:
|
|
|
"""Basic tools used by all traceback printer classes."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
# This attribute us used in globalipapp.py to have stdout used for
|
|
|
# writting exceptions. This is needed so nose can trap them. This attribute
|
|
|
# should be None (the default, which will use IPython.utils.io.Term) or
|
|
|
# the string 'stdout' which will cause the override to sys.stdout.
|
|
|
out_stream = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self,color_scheme = 'NoColor',call_pdb=False):
|
|
|
# Whether to call the interactive pdb debugger after printing
|
|
|
# tracebacks or not
|
|
|
self.call_pdb = call_pdb
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Create color table
|
|
|
self.color_scheme_table = exception_colors()
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.set_colors(color_scheme)
|
|
|
self.old_scheme = color_scheme # save initial value for toggles
|
|
|
|
|
|
if call_pdb:
|
|
|
self.pdb = debugger.Pdb(self.color_scheme_table.active_scheme_name)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
self.pdb = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
def set_colors(self,*args,**kw):
|
|
|
"""Shorthand access to the color table scheme selector method."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Set own color table
|
|
|
self.color_scheme_table.set_active_scheme(*args,**kw)
|
|
|
# for convenience, set Colors to the active scheme
|
|
|
self.Colors = self.color_scheme_table.active_colors
|
|
|
# Also set colors of debugger
|
|
|
if hasattr(self,'pdb') and self.pdb is not None:
|
|
|
self.pdb.set_colors(*args,**kw)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def color_toggle(self):
|
|
|
"""Toggle between the currently active color scheme and NoColor."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
if self.color_scheme_table.active_scheme_name == 'NoColor':
|
|
|
self.color_scheme_table.set_active_scheme(self.old_scheme)
|
|
|
self.Colors = self.color_scheme_table.active_colors
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
self.old_scheme = self.color_scheme_table.active_scheme_name
|
|
|
self.color_scheme_table.set_active_scheme('NoColor')
|
|
|
self.Colors = self.color_scheme_table.active_colors
|
|
|
|
|
|
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
class ListTB(TBTools):
|
|
|
"""Print traceback information from a traceback list, with optional color.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Calling: requires 3 arguments:
|
|
|
(etype, evalue, elist)
|
|
|
as would be obtained by:
|
|
|
etype, evalue, tb = sys.exc_info()
|
|
|
if tb:
|
|
|
elist = traceback.extract_tb(tb)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
elist = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
It can thus be used by programs which need to process the traceback before
|
|
|
printing (such as console replacements based on the code module from the
|
|
|
standard library).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Because they are meant to be called without a full traceback (only a
|
|
|
list), instances of this class can't call the interactive pdb debugger."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self,color_scheme = 'NoColor'):
|
|
|
TBTools.__init__(self,color_scheme = color_scheme,call_pdb=0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __call__(self, etype, value, elist):
|
|
|
IPython.utils.io.Term.cout.flush()
|
|
|
IPython.utils.io.Term.cerr.write(self.text(etype,value,elist))
|
|
|
IPython.utils.io.Term.cerr.write('\n')
|
|
|
|
|
|
def text(self, etype, value, elist, context=5):
|
|
|
"""Return a color formatted string with the traceback info.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
etype : exception type
|
|
|
Type of the exception raised.
|
|
|
|
|
|
value : object
|
|
|
Data stored in the exception
|
|
|
|
|
|
elist : list
|
|
|
List of frames, see class docstring for details.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Returns
|
|
|
-------
|
|
|
String with formatted exception.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
Colors = self.Colors
|
|
|
out_string = []
|
|
|
if elist:
|
|
|
out_string.append('Traceback %s(most recent call last)%s:' %
|
|
|
(Colors.normalEm, Colors.Normal) + '\n')
|
|
|
out_string.extend(self._format_list(elist))
|
|
|
lines = self._format_exception_only(etype, value)
|
|
|
for line in lines[:-1]:
|
|
|
out_string.append(" "+line)
|
|
|
out_string.append(lines[-1])
|
|
|
return ''.join(out_string)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _format_list(self, extracted_list):
|
|
|
"""Format a list of traceback entry tuples for printing.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Given a list of tuples as returned by extract_tb() or
|
|
|
extract_stack(), return a list of strings ready for printing.
|
|
|
Each string in the resulting list corresponds to the item with the
|
|
|
same index in the argument list. Each string ends in a newline;
|
|
|
the strings may contain internal newlines as well, for those items
|
|
|
whose source text line is not None.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lifted almost verbatim from traceback.py
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
Colors = self.Colors
|
|
|
list = []
|
|
|
for filename, lineno, name, line in extracted_list[:-1]:
|
|
|
item = ' File %s"%s"%s, line %s%d%s, in %s%s%s\n' % \
|
|
|
(Colors.filename, filename, Colors.Normal,
|
|
|
Colors.lineno, lineno, Colors.Normal,
|
|
|
Colors.name, name, Colors.Normal)
|
|
|
if line:
|
|
|
item = item + ' %s\n' % line.strip()
|
|
|
list.append(item)
|
|
|
# Emphasize the last entry
|
|
|
filename, lineno, name, line = extracted_list[-1]
|
|
|
item = '%s File %s"%s"%s, line %s%d%s, in %s%s%s%s\n' % \
|
|
|
(Colors.normalEm,
|
|
|
Colors.filenameEm, filename, Colors.normalEm,
|
|
|
Colors.linenoEm, lineno, Colors.normalEm,
|
|
|
Colors.nameEm, name, Colors.normalEm,
|
|
|
Colors.Normal)
|
|
|
if line:
|
|
|
item = item + '%s %s%s\n' % (Colors.line, line.strip(),
|
|
|
Colors.Normal)
|
|
|
list.append(item)
|
|
|
return list
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _format_exception_only(self, etype, value):
|
|
|
"""Format the exception part of a traceback.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The arguments are the exception type and value such as given by
|
|
|
sys.exc_info()[:2]. The return value is a list of strings, each ending
|
|
|
in a newline. Normally, the list contains a single string; however,
|
|
|
for SyntaxError exceptions, it contains several lines that (when
|
|
|
printed) display detailed information about where the syntax error
|
|
|
occurred. The message indicating which exception occurred is the
|
|
|
always last string in the list.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Also lifted nearly verbatim from traceback.py
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
have_filedata = False
|
|
|
Colors = self.Colors
|
|
|
list = []
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
stype = Colors.excName + etype.__name__ + Colors.Normal
|
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
|
stype = etype # String exceptions don't get special coloring
|
|
|
if value is None:
|
|
|
list.append( str(stype) + '\n')
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
if etype is SyntaxError:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
msg, (filename, lineno, offset, line) = value
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
have_filedata = False
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
have_filedata = True
|
|
|
#print 'filename is',filename # dbg
|
|
|
if not filename: filename = "<string>"
|
|
|
list.append('%s File %s"%s"%s, line %s%d%s\n' % \
|
|
|
(Colors.normalEm,
|
|
|
Colors.filenameEm, filename, Colors.normalEm,
|
|
|
Colors.linenoEm, lineno, Colors.Normal ))
|
|
|
if line is not None:
|
|
|
i = 0
|
|
|
while i < len(line) and line[i].isspace():
|
|
|
i = i+1
|
|
|
list.append('%s %s%s\n' % (Colors.line,
|
|
|
line.strip(),
|
|
|
Colors.Normal))
|
|
|
if offset is not None:
|
|
|
s = ' '
|
|
|
for c in line[i:offset-1]:
|
|
|
if c.isspace():
|
|
|
s = s + c
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
s = s + ' '
|
|
|
list.append('%s%s^%s\n' % (Colors.caret, s,
|
|
|
Colors.Normal) )
|
|
|
value = msg
|
|
|
s = self._some_str(value)
|
|
|
if s:
|
|
|
list.append('%s%s:%s %s\n' % (str(stype), Colors.excName,
|
|
|
Colors.Normal, s))
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
list.append('%s\n' % str(stype))
|
|
|
|
|
|
# sync with user hooks
|
|
|
if have_filedata:
|
|
|
ipinst = ipapi.get()
|
|
|
if ipinst is not None:
|
|
|
ipinst.hooks.synchronize_with_editor(filename, lineno, 0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
return list
|
|
|
|
|
|
def show_exception_only(self, etype, value):
|
|
|
"""Only print the exception type and message, without a traceback.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
etype : exception type
|
|
|
value : exception value
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
# This method needs to use __call__ from *this* class, not the one from
|
|
|
# a subclass whose signature or behavior may be different
|
|
|
if self.out_stream == 'stdout':
|
|
|
ostream = sys.stdout
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
ostream = IPython.utils.io.Term.cerr
|
|
|
ostream.flush()
|
|
|
ostream.write(ListTB.text(self, etype, value, []))
|
|
|
ostream.flush()
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _some_str(self, value):
|
|
|
# Lifted from traceback.py
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
return str(value)
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
return '<unprintable %s object>' % type(value).__name__
|
|
|
|
|
|
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
class VerboseTB(TBTools):
|
|
|
"""A port of Ka-Ping Yee's cgitb.py module that outputs color text instead
|
|
|
of HTML. Requires inspect and pydoc. Crazy, man.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Modified version which optionally strips the topmost entries from the
|
|
|
traceback, to be used with alternate interpreters (because their own code
|
|
|
would appear in the traceback)."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self,color_scheme = 'Linux',tb_offset=0,long_header=0,
|
|
|
call_pdb = 0, include_vars=1):
|
|
|
"""Specify traceback offset, headers and color scheme.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Define how many frames to drop from the tracebacks. Calling it with
|
|
|
tb_offset=1 allows use of this handler in interpreters which will have
|
|
|
their own code at the top of the traceback (VerboseTB will first
|
|
|
remove that frame before printing the traceback info)."""
|
|
|
TBTools.__init__(self,color_scheme=color_scheme,call_pdb=call_pdb)
|
|
|
self.tb_offset = tb_offset
|
|
|
self.long_header = long_header
|
|
|
self.include_vars = include_vars
|
|
|
|
|
|
def text(self, etype, evalue, etb, context=5):
|
|
|
"""Return a nice text document describing the traceback."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
# some locals
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
etype = etype.__name__
|
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
Colors = self.Colors # just a shorthand + quicker name lookup
|
|
|
ColorsNormal = Colors.Normal # used a lot
|
|
|
col_scheme = self.color_scheme_table.active_scheme_name
|
|
|
indent = ' '*INDENT_SIZE
|
|
|
em_normal = '%s\n%s%s' % (Colors.valEm, indent,ColorsNormal)
|
|
|
undefined = '%sundefined%s' % (Colors.em, ColorsNormal)
|
|
|
exc = '%s%s%s' % (Colors.excName,etype,ColorsNormal)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# some internal-use functions
|
|
|
def text_repr(value):
|
|
|
"""Hopefully pretty robust repr equivalent."""
|
|
|
# this is pretty horrible but should always return *something*
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
return pydoc.text.repr(value)
|
|
|
except KeyboardInterrupt:
|
|
|
raise
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
return repr(value)
|
|
|
except KeyboardInterrupt:
|
|
|
raise
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
# all still in an except block so we catch
|
|
|
# getattr raising
|
|
|
name = getattr(value, '__name__', None)
|
|
|
if name:
|
|
|
# ick, recursion
|
|
|
return text_repr(name)
|
|
|
klass = getattr(value, '__class__', None)
|
|
|
if klass:
|
|
|
return '%s instance' % text_repr(klass)
|
|
|
except KeyboardInterrupt:
|
|
|
raise
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
return 'UNRECOVERABLE REPR FAILURE'
|
|
|
def eqrepr(value, repr=text_repr): return '=%s' % repr(value)
|
|
|
def nullrepr(value, repr=text_repr): return ''
|
|
|
|
|
|
# meat of the code begins
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
etype = etype.__name__
|
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
if self.long_header:
|
|
|
# Header with the exception type, python version, and date
|
|
|
pyver = 'Python ' + string.split(sys.version)[0] + ': ' + sys.executable
|
|
|
date = time.ctime(time.time())
|
|
|
|
|
|
head = '%s%s%s\n%s%s%s\n%s' % (Colors.topline, '-'*75, ColorsNormal,
|
|
|
exc, ' '*(75-len(str(etype))-len(pyver)),
|
|
|
pyver, string.rjust(date, 75) )
|
|
|
head += "\nA problem occured executing Python code. Here is the sequence of function"\
|
|
|
"\ncalls leading up to the error, with the most recent (innermost) call last."
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
# Simplified header
|
|
|
head = '%s%s%s\n%s%s' % (Colors.topline, '-'*75, ColorsNormal,exc,
|
|
|
string.rjust('Traceback (most recent call last)',
|
|
|
75 - len(str(etype)) ) )
|
|
|
frames = []
|
|
|
# Flush cache before calling inspect. This helps alleviate some of the
|
|
|
# problems with python 2.3's inspect.py.
|
|
|
linecache.checkcache()
|
|
|
# Drop topmost frames if requested
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
# Try the default getinnerframes and Alex's: Alex's fixes some
|
|
|
# problems, but it generates empty tracebacks for console errors
|
|
|
# (5 blanks lines) where none should be returned.
|
|
|
#records = inspect.getinnerframes(etb, context)[self.tb_offset:]
|
|
|
#print 'python records:', records # dbg
|
|
|
records = _fixed_getinnerframes(etb, context,self.tb_offset)
|
|
|
#print 'alex records:', records # dbg
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
|
|
|
# FIXME: I've been getting many crash reports from python 2.3
|
|
|
# users, traceable to inspect.py. If I can find a small test-case
|
|
|
# to reproduce this, I should either write a better workaround or
|
|
|
# file a bug report against inspect (if that's the real problem).
|
|
|
# So far, I haven't been able to find an isolated example to
|
|
|
# reproduce the problem.
|
|
|
inspect_error()
|
|
|
traceback.print_exc(file=IPython.utils.io.Term.cerr)
|
|
|
info('\nUnfortunately, your original traceback can not be constructed.\n')
|
|
|
return ''
|
|
|
|
|
|
# build some color string templates outside these nested loops
|
|
|
tpl_link = '%s%%s%s' % (Colors.filenameEm,ColorsNormal)
|
|
|
tpl_call = 'in %s%%s%s%%s%s' % (Colors.vName, Colors.valEm,
|
|
|
ColorsNormal)
|
|
|
tpl_call_fail = 'in %s%%s%s(***failed resolving arguments***)%s' % \
|
|
|
(Colors.vName, Colors.valEm, ColorsNormal)
|
|
|
tpl_local_var = '%s%%s%s' % (Colors.vName, ColorsNormal)
|
|
|
tpl_global_var = '%sglobal%s %s%%s%s' % (Colors.em, ColorsNormal,
|
|
|
Colors.vName, ColorsNormal)
|
|
|
tpl_name_val = '%%s %s= %%s%s' % (Colors.valEm, ColorsNormal)
|
|
|
tpl_line = '%s%%s%s %%s' % (Colors.lineno, ColorsNormal)
|
|
|
tpl_line_em = '%s%%s%s %%s%s' % (Colors.linenoEm,Colors.line,
|
|
|
ColorsNormal)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# now, loop over all records printing context and info
|
|
|
abspath = os.path.abspath
|
|
|
for frame, file, lnum, func, lines, index in records:
|
|
|
#print '*** record:',file,lnum,func,lines,index # dbg
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
file = file and abspath(file) or '?'
|
|
|
except OSError:
|
|
|
# if file is '<console>' or something not in the filesystem,
|
|
|
# the abspath call will throw an OSError. Just ignore it and
|
|
|
# keep the original file string.
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
link = tpl_link % file
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
args, varargs, varkw, locals = inspect.getargvalues(frame)
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
# This can happen due to a bug in python2.3. We should be
|
|
|
# able to remove this try/except when 2.4 becomes a
|
|
|
# requirement. Bug details at http://python.org/sf/1005466
|
|
|
inspect_error()
|
|
|
traceback.print_exc(file=IPython.utils.io.Term.cerr)
|
|
|
info("\nIPython's exception reporting continues...\n")
|
|
|
|
|
|
if func == '?':
|
|
|
call = ''
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
# Decide whether to include variable details or not
|
|
|
var_repr = self.include_vars and eqrepr or nullrepr
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
call = tpl_call % (func,inspect.formatargvalues(args,
|
|
|
varargs, varkw,
|
|
|
locals,formatvalue=var_repr))
|
|
|
except KeyError:
|
|
|
# Very odd crash from inspect.formatargvalues(). The
|
|
|
# scenario under which it appeared was a call to
|
|
|
# view(array,scale) in NumTut.view.view(), where scale had
|
|
|
# been defined as a scalar (it should be a tuple). Somehow
|
|
|
# inspect messes up resolving the argument list of view()
|
|
|
# and barfs out. At some point I should dig into this one
|
|
|
# and file a bug report about it.
|
|
|
inspect_error()
|
|
|
traceback.print_exc(file=IPython.utils.io.Term.cerr)
|
|
|
info("\nIPython's exception reporting continues...\n")
|
|
|
call = tpl_call_fail % func
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Initialize a list of names on the current line, which the
|
|
|
# tokenizer below will populate.
|
|
|
names = []
|
|
|
|
|
|
def tokeneater(token_type, token, start, end, line):
|
|
|
"""Stateful tokeneater which builds dotted names.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The list of names it appends to (from the enclosing scope) can
|
|
|
contain repeated composite names. This is unavoidable, since
|
|
|
there is no way to disambguate partial dotted structures until
|
|
|
the full list is known. The caller is responsible for pruning
|
|
|
the final list of duplicates before using it."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
# build composite names
|
|
|
if token == '.':
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
names[-1] += '.'
|
|
|
# store state so the next token is added for x.y.z names
|
|
|
tokeneater.name_cont = True
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
except IndexError:
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
if token_type == tokenize.NAME and token not in keyword.kwlist:
|
|
|
if tokeneater.name_cont:
|
|
|
# Dotted names
|
|
|
names[-1] += token
|
|
|
tokeneater.name_cont = False
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
# Regular new names. We append everything, the caller
|
|
|
# will be responsible for pruning the list later. It's
|
|
|
# very tricky to try to prune as we go, b/c composite
|
|
|
# names can fool us. The pruning at the end is easy
|
|
|
# to do (or the caller can print a list with repeated
|
|
|
# names if so desired.
|
|
|
names.append(token)
|
|
|
elif token_type == tokenize.NEWLINE:
|
|
|
raise IndexError
|
|
|
# we need to store a bit of state in the tokenizer to build
|
|
|
# dotted names
|
|
|
tokeneater.name_cont = False
|
|
|
|
|
|
def linereader(file=file, lnum=[lnum], getline=linecache.getline):
|
|
|
line = getline(file, lnum[0])
|
|
|
lnum[0] += 1
|
|
|
return line
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Build the list of names on this line of code where the exception
|
|
|
# occurred.
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
# This builds the names list in-place by capturing it from the
|
|
|
# enclosing scope.
|
|
|
tokenize.tokenize(linereader, tokeneater)
|
|
|
except IndexError:
|
|
|
# signals exit of tokenizer
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
except tokenize.TokenError,msg:
|
|
|
_m = ("An unexpected error occurred while tokenizing input\n"
|
|
|
"The following traceback may be corrupted or invalid\n"
|
|
|
"The error message is: %s\n" % msg)
|
|
|
error(_m)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# prune names list of duplicates, but keep the right order
|
|
|
unique_names = uniq_stable(names)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Start loop over vars
|
|
|
lvals = []
|
|
|
if self.include_vars:
|
|
|
for name_full in unique_names:
|
|
|
name_base = name_full.split('.',1)[0]
|
|
|
if name_base in frame.f_code.co_varnames:
|
|
|
if locals.has_key(name_base):
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
value = repr(eval(name_full,locals))
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
value = undefined
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
value = undefined
|
|
|
name = tpl_local_var % name_full
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
if frame.f_globals.has_key(name_base):
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
value = repr(eval(name_full,frame.f_globals))
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
value = undefined
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
value = undefined
|
|
|
name = tpl_global_var % name_full
|
|
|
lvals.append(tpl_name_val % (name,value))
|
|
|
if lvals:
|
|
|
lvals = '%s%s' % (indent,em_normal.join(lvals))
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
lvals = ''
|
|
|
|
|
|
level = '%s %s\n' % (link,call)
|
|
|
|
|
|
if index is None:
|
|
|
frames.append(level)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
frames.append('%s%s' % (level,''.join(
|
|
|
_format_traceback_lines(lnum,index,lines,Colors,lvals,
|
|
|
col_scheme))))
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Get (safely) a string form of the exception info
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
etype_str,evalue_str = map(str,(etype,evalue))
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
# User exception is improperly defined.
|
|
|
etype,evalue = str,sys.exc_info()[:2]
|
|
|
etype_str,evalue_str = map(str,(etype,evalue))
|
|
|
# ... and format it
|
|
|
exception = ['%s%s%s: %s' % (Colors.excName, etype_str,
|
|
|
ColorsNormal, evalue_str)]
|
|
|
if type(evalue) is types.InstanceType:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
names = [w for w in dir(evalue) if isinstance(w, basestring)]
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
# Every now and then, an object with funny inernals blows up
|
|
|
# when dir() is called on it. We do the best we can to report
|
|
|
# the problem and continue
|
|
|
_m = '%sException reporting error (object with broken dir())%s:'
|
|
|
exception.append(_m % (Colors.excName,ColorsNormal))
|
|
|
etype_str,evalue_str = map(str,sys.exc_info()[:2])
|
|
|
exception.append('%s%s%s: %s' % (Colors.excName,etype_str,
|
|
|
ColorsNormal, evalue_str))
|
|
|
names = []
|
|
|
for name in names:
|
|
|
value = text_repr(getattr(evalue, name))
|
|
|
exception.append('\n%s%s = %s' % (indent, name, value))
|
|
|
|
|
|
# vds: >>
|
|
|
if records:
|
|
|
filepath, lnum = records[-1][1:3]
|
|
|
#print "file:", str(file), "linenb", str(lnum) # dbg
|
|
|
filepath = os.path.abspath(filepath)
|
|
|
ipinst = ipapi.get()
|
|
|
if ipinst is not None:
|
|
|
ipinst.hooks.synchronize_with_editor(filepath, lnum, 0)
|
|
|
# vds: <<
|
|
|
|
|
|
# return all our info assembled as a single string
|
|
|
return '%s\n\n%s\n%s' % (head,'\n'.join(frames),''.join(exception[0]) )
|
|
|
|
|
|
def debugger(self,force=False):
|
|
|
"""Call up the pdb debugger if desired, always clean up the tb
|
|
|
reference.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Keywords:
|
|
|
|
|
|
- force(False): by default, this routine checks the instance call_pdb
|
|
|
flag and does not actually invoke the debugger if the flag is false.
|
|
|
The 'force' option forces the debugger to activate even if the flag
|
|
|
is false.
|
|
|
|
|
|
If the call_pdb flag is set, the pdb interactive debugger is
|
|
|
invoked. In all cases, the self.tb reference to the current traceback
|
|
|
is deleted to prevent lingering references which hamper memory
|
|
|
management.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that each call to pdb() does an 'import readline', so if your app
|
|
|
requires a special setup for the readline completers, you'll have to
|
|
|
fix that by hand after invoking the exception handler."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
if force or self.call_pdb:
|
|
|
if self.pdb is None:
|
|
|
self.pdb = debugger.Pdb(
|
|
|
self.color_scheme_table.active_scheme_name)
|
|
|
# the system displayhook may have changed, restore the original
|
|
|
# for pdb
|
|
|
display_trap = DisplayTrap(None, sys.__displayhook__)
|
|
|
with display_trap:
|
|
|
self.pdb.reset()
|
|
|
# Find the right frame so we don't pop up inside ipython itself
|
|
|
if hasattr(self,'tb') and self.tb is not None:
|
|
|
etb = self.tb
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
etb = self.tb = sys.last_traceback
|
|
|
while self.tb is not None and self.tb.tb_next is not None:
|
|
|
self.tb = self.tb.tb_next
|
|
|
if etb and etb.tb_next:
|
|
|
etb = etb.tb_next
|
|
|
self.pdb.botframe = etb.tb_frame
|
|
|
self.pdb.interaction(self.tb.tb_frame, self.tb)
|
|
|
|
|
|
if hasattr(self,'tb'):
|
|
|
del self.tb
|
|
|
|
|
|
def handler(self, info=None):
|
|
|
(etype, evalue, etb) = info or sys.exc_info()
|
|
|
self.tb = etb
|
|
|
IPython.utils.io.Term.cout.flush()
|
|
|
IPython.utils.io.Term.cerr.write(self.text(etype, evalue, etb))
|
|
|
IPython.utils.io.Term.cerr.write('\n')
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Changed so an instance can just be called as VerboseTB_inst() and print
|
|
|
# out the right info on its own.
|
|
|
def __call__(self, etype=None, evalue=None, etb=None):
|
|
|
"""This hook can replace sys.excepthook (for Python 2.1 or higher)."""
|
|
|
if etb is None:
|
|
|
self.handler()
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
self.handler((etype, evalue, etb))
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
self.debugger()
|
|
|
except KeyboardInterrupt:
|
|
|
print "\nKeyboardInterrupt"
|
|
|
|
|
|
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
class FormattedTB(VerboseTB,ListTB):
|
|
|
"""Subclass ListTB but allow calling with a traceback.
|
|
|
|
|
|
It can thus be used as a sys.excepthook for Python > 2.1.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Also adds 'Context' and 'Verbose' modes, not available in ListTB.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allows a tb_offset to be specified. This is useful for situations where
|
|
|
one needs to remove a number of topmost frames from the traceback (such as
|
|
|
occurs with python programs that themselves execute other python code,
|
|
|
like Python shells). """
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, mode = 'Plain', color_scheme='Linux',
|
|
|
tb_offset = 0,long_header=0,call_pdb=0,include_vars=0):
|
|
|
|
|
|
# NEVER change the order of this list. Put new modes at the end:
|
|
|
self.valid_modes = ['Plain','Context','Verbose']
|
|
|
self.verbose_modes = self.valid_modes[1:3]
|
|
|
|
|
|
VerboseTB.__init__(self,color_scheme,tb_offset,long_header,
|
|
|
call_pdb=call_pdb,include_vars=include_vars)
|
|
|
self.set_mode(mode)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _extract_tb(self,tb):
|
|
|
if tb:
|
|
|
return traceback.extract_tb(tb)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
|
|
def text(self, etype, value, tb,context=5,mode=None):
|
|
|
"""Return formatted traceback.
|
|
|
|
|
|
If the optional mode parameter is given, it overrides the current
|
|
|
mode."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
if mode is None:
|
|
|
mode = self.mode
|
|
|
if mode in self.verbose_modes:
|
|
|
# verbose modes need a full traceback
|
|
|
return VerboseTB.text(self,etype, value, tb,context=5)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
# We must check the source cache because otherwise we can print
|
|
|
# out-of-date source code.
|
|
|
linecache.checkcache()
|
|
|
# Now we can extract and format the exception
|
|
|
elist = self._extract_tb(tb)
|
|
|
if len(elist) > self.tb_offset:
|
|
|
del elist[:self.tb_offset]
|
|
|
return ListTB.text(self,etype,value,elist)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def set_mode(self,mode=None):
|
|
|
"""Switch to the desired mode.
|
|
|
|
|
|
If mode is not specified, cycles through the available modes."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
if not mode:
|
|
|
new_idx = ( self.valid_modes.index(self.mode) + 1 ) % \
|
|
|
len(self.valid_modes)
|
|
|
self.mode = self.valid_modes[new_idx]
|
|
|
elif mode not in self.valid_modes:
|
|
|
raise ValueError, 'Unrecognized mode in FormattedTB: <'+mode+'>\n'\
|
|
|
'Valid modes: '+str(self.valid_modes)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
self.mode = mode
|
|
|
# include variable details only in 'Verbose' mode
|
|
|
self.include_vars = (self.mode == self.valid_modes[2])
|
|
|
|
|
|
# some convenient shorcuts
|
|
|
def plain(self):
|
|
|
self.set_mode(self.valid_modes[0])
|
|
|
|
|
|
def context(self):
|
|
|
self.set_mode(self.valid_modes[1])
|
|
|
|
|
|
def verbose(self):
|
|
|
self.set_mode(self.valid_modes[2])
|
|
|
|
|
|
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
class AutoFormattedTB(FormattedTB):
|
|
|
"""A traceback printer which can be called on the fly.
|
|
|
|
|
|
It will find out about exceptions by itself.
|
|
|
|
|
|
A brief example:
|
|
|
|
|
|
AutoTB = AutoFormattedTB(mode = 'Verbose',color_scheme='Linux')
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
AutoTB() # or AutoTB(out=logfile) where logfile is an open file object
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __call__(self,etype=None,evalue=None,etb=None,
|
|
|
out=None,tb_offset=None):
|
|
|
"""Print out a formatted exception traceback.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Optional arguments:
|
|
|
- out: an open file-like object to direct output to.
|
|
|
|
|
|
- tb_offset: the number of frames to skip over in the stack, on a
|
|
|
per-call basis (this overrides temporarily the instance's tb_offset
|
|
|
given at initialization time. """
|
|
|
|
|
|
if out is None:
|
|
|
if self.out_stream == 'stdout':
|
|
|
out = sys.stdout
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
out = IPython.utils.io.Term.cerr
|
|
|
out.flush()
|
|
|
if tb_offset is not None:
|
|
|
tb_offset, self.tb_offset = self.tb_offset, tb_offset
|
|
|
out.write(self.text(etype, evalue, etb))
|
|
|
out.write('\n')
|
|
|
self.tb_offset = tb_offset
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
out.write(self.text(etype, evalue, etb))
|
|
|
out.write('\n')
|
|
|
out.flush()
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
self.debugger()
|
|
|
except KeyboardInterrupt:
|
|
|
print "\nKeyboardInterrupt"
|
|
|
|
|
|
def text(self,etype=None,value=None,tb=None,context=5,mode=None):
|
|
|
if etype is None:
|
|
|
etype,value,tb = sys.exc_info()
|
|
|
self.tb = tb
|
|
|
return FormattedTB.text(self,etype,value,tb,context=5,mode=mode)
|
|
|
|
|
|
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
# A simple class to preserve Nathan's original functionality.
|
|
|
class ColorTB(FormattedTB):
|
|
|
"""Shorthand to initialize a FormattedTB in Linux colors mode."""
|
|
|
def __init__(self,color_scheme='Linux',call_pdb=0):
|
|
|
FormattedTB.__init__(self,color_scheme=color_scheme,
|
|
|
call_pdb=call_pdb)
|
|
|
|
|
|
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
# module testing (minimal)
|
|
|
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
|
|
def spam(c, (d, e)):
|
|
|
x = c + d
|
|
|
y = c * d
|
|
|
foo(x, y)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def foo(a, b, bar=1):
|
|
|
eggs(a, b + bar)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def eggs(f, g, z=globals()):
|
|
|
h = f + g
|
|
|
i = f - g
|
|
|
return h / i
|
|
|
|
|
|
print ''
|
|
|
print '*** Before ***'
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
print spam(1, (2, 3))
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
traceback.print_exc()
|
|
|
print ''
|
|
|
|
|
|
handler = ColorTB()
|
|
|
print '*** ColorTB ***'
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
print spam(1, (2, 3))
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
apply(handler, sys.exc_info() )
|
|
|
print ''
|
|
|
|
|
|
handler = VerboseTB()
|
|
|
print '*** VerboseTB ***'
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
print spam(1, (2, 3))
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
apply(handler, sys.exc_info() )
|
|
|
print ''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
