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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""Top-level display functions for displaying object in different formats."""
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# Copyright (c) IPython Development Team.
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# Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
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from binascii import b2a_hex, b2a_base64, hexlify
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import json
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import mimetypes
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import os
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import struct
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import sys
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import warnings
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from copy import deepcopy
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from IPython.utils.py3compat import cast_unicode
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from IPython.testing.skipdoctest import skip_doctest
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__all__ = ['display', 'display_pretty', 'display_html', 'display_markdown',
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'display_svg', 'display_png', 'display_jpeg', 'display_latex', 'display_json',
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'display_javascript', 'display_pdf', 'DisplayObject', 'TextDisplayObject',
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'Pretty', 'HTML', 'Markdown', 'Math', 'Latex', 'SVG', 'ProgressBar', 'JSON',
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'GeoJSON', 'Javascript', 'Image', 'clear_output', 'set_matplotlib_formats',
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'set_matplotlib_close', 'publish_display_data', 'update_display', 'DisplayHandle',
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'Video']
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# utility functions
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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def _safe_exists(path):
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"""Check path, but don't let exceptions raise"""
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try:
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return os.path.exists(path)
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except Exception:
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return False
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def _merge(d1, d2):
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"""Like update, but merges sub-dicts instead of clobbering at the top level.
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Updates d1 in-place
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"""
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if not isinstance(d2, dict) or not isinstance(d1, dict):
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return d2
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for key, value in d2.items():
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d1[key] = _merge(d1.get(key), value)
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return d1
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def _display_mimetype(mimetype, objs, raw=False, metadata=None):
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"""internal implementation of all display_foo methods
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Parameters
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----------
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mimetype : str
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The mimetype to be published (e.g. 'image/png')
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objs : tuple of objects
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The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw text data to
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display.
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raw : bool
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Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
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formatted before display? [default: False]
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metadata : dict (optional)
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Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
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"""
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if metadata:
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metadata = {mimetype: metadata}
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if raw:
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# turn list of pngdata into list of { 'image/png': pngdata }
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objs = [ {mimetype: obj} for obj in objs ]
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display(*objs, raw=raw, metadata=metadata, include=[mimetype])
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Main functions
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#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# use * to indicate transient is keyword-only
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def publish_display_data(data, metadata=None, source=None, *, transient=None, **kwargs):
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"""Publish data and metadata to all frontends.
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See the ``display_data`` message in the messaging documentation for
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more details about this message type.
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Keys of data and metadata can be any mime-type.
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Parameters
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----------
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data : dict
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A dictionary having keys that are valid MIME types (like
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'text/plain' or 'image/svg+xml') and values that are the data for
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that MIME type. The data itself must be a JSON'able data
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structure. Minimally all data should have the 'text/plain' data,
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which can be displayed by all frontends. If more than the plain
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text is given, it is up to the frontend to decide which
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representation to use.
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metadata : dict
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A dictionary for metadata related to the data. This can contain
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arbitrary key, value pairs that frontends can use to interpret
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the data. mime-type keys matching those in data can be used
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to specify metadata about particular representations.
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source : str, deprecated
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Unused.
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transient : dict, keyword-only
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A dictionary of transient data, such as display_id.
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"""
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from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
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display_pub = InteractiveShell.instance().display_pub
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# only pass transient if supplied,
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# to avoid errors with older ipykernel.
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# TODO: We could check for ipykernel version and provide a detailed upgrade message.
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if transient:
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kwargs['transient'] = transient
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display_pub.publish(
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data=data,
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metadata=metadata,
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**kwargs
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)
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def _new_id():
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"""Generate a new random text id with urandom"""
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return b2a_hex(os.urandom(16)).decode('ascii')
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def display(*objs, include=None, exclude=None, metadata=None, transient=None, display_id=None, **kwargs):
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"""Display a Python object in all frontends.
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By default all representations will be computed and sent to the frontends.
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Frontends can decide which representation is used and how.
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In terminal IPython this will be similar to using :func:`print`, for use in richer
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frontends see Jupyter notebook examples with rich display logic.
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Parameters
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----------
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objs : tuple of objects
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The Python objects to display.
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raw : bool, optional
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Are the objects to be displayed already mimetype-keyed dicts of raw display data,
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or Python objects that need to be formatted before display? [default: False]
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include : list, tuple or set, optional
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A list of format type strings (MIME types) to include in the
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format data dict. If this is set *only* the format types included
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in this list will be computed.
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exclude : list, tuple or set, optional
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A list of format type strings (MIME types) to exclude in the format
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data dict. If this is set all format types will be computed,
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except for those included in this argument.
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metadata : dict, optional
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A dictionary of metadata to associate with the output.
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mime-type keys in this dictionary will be associated with the individual
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representation formats, if they exist.
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transient : dict, optional
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A dictionary of transient data to associate with the output.
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Data in this dict should not be persisted to files (e.g. notebooks).
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display_id : str, bool optional
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Set an id for the display.
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This id can be used for updating this display area later via update_display.
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If given as `True`, generate a new `display_id`
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kwargs: additional keyword-args, optional
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Additional keyword-arguments are passed through to the display publisher.
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Returns
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-------
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handle: DisplayHandle
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Returns a handle on updatable displays for use with :func:`update_display`,
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if `display_id` is given. Returns :any:`None` if no `display_id` is given
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(default).
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Examples
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--------
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>>> class Json(object):
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... def __init__(self, json):
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... self.json = json
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... def _repr_pretty_(self, pp, cycle):
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... import json
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... pp.text(json.dumps(self.json, indent=2))
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... def __repr__(self):
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... return str(self.json)
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...
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>>> d = Json({1:2, 3: {4:5}})
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>>> print(d)
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{1: 2, 3: {4: 5}}
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>>> display(d)
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{
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"1": 2,
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"3": {
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"4": 5
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}
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}
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>>> def int_formatter(integer, pp, cycle):
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... pp.text('I'*integer)
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>>> plain = get_ipython().display_formatter.formatters['text/plain']
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>>> plain.for_type(int, int_formatter)
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<function _repr_pprint at 0x...>
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>>> display(7-5)
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II
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>>> del plain.type_printers[int]
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>>> display(7-5)
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2
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See Also
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--------
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:func:`update_display`
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Notes
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-----
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In Python, objects can declare their textual representation using the
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`__repr__` method. IPython expands on this idea and allows objects to declare
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other, rich representations including:
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- HTML
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- JSON
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- PNG
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- JPEG
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- SVG
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- LaTeX
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A single object can declare some or all of these representations; all are
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handled by IPython's display system.
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The main idea of the first approach is that you have to implement special
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display methods when you define your class, one for each representation you
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want to use. Here is a list of the names of the special methods and the
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values they must return:
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- `_repr_html_`: return raw HTML as a string
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- `_repr_json_`: return a JSONable dict
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- `_repr_jpeg_`: return raw JPEG data
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- `_repr_png_`: return raw PNG data
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- `_repr_svg_`: return raw SVG data as a string
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- `_repr_latex_`: return LaTeX commands in a string surrounded by "$".
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- `_repr_mimebundle_`: return a full mimebundle containing the mapping
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from all mimetypes to data.
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Use this for any mime-type not listed above.
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When you are directly writing your own classes, you can adapt them for
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display in IPython by following the above approach. But in practice, you
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often need to work with existing classes that you can't easily modify.
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You can refer to the documentation on integrating with the display system in
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order to register custom formatters for already existing types
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(:ref:`integrating_rich_display`).
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.. versionadded:: 5.4 display available without import
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.. versionadded:: 6.1 display available without import
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Since IPython 5.4 and 6.1 :func:`display` is automatically made available to
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the user without import. If you are using display in a document that might
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be used in a pure python context or with older version of IPython, use the
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following import at the top of your file::
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from IPython.display import display
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"""
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from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
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if not InteractiveShell.initialized():
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# Directly print objects.
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print(*objs)
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return
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raw = kwargs.pop('raw', False)
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if transient is None:
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transient = {}
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if metadata is None:
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metadata={}
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if display_id:
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if display_id is True:
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display_id = _new_id()
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transient['display_id'] = display_id
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if kwargs.get('update') and 'display_id' not in transient:
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raise TypeError('display_id required for update_display')
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if transient:
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kwargs['transient'] = transient
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if not raw:
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format = InteractiveShell.instance().display_formatter.format
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for obj in objs:
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if raw:
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publish_display_data(data=obj, metadata=metadata, **kwargs)
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else:
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format_dict, md_dict = format(obj, include=include, exclude=exclude)
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if not format_dict:
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# nothing to display (e.g. _ipython_display_ took over)
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continue
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if metadata:
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# kwarg-specified metadata gets precedence
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_merge(md_dict, metadata)
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publish_display_data(data=format_dict, metadata=md_dict, **kwargs)
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if display_id:
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return DisplayHandle(display_id)
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# use * for keyword-only display_id arg
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def update_display(obj, *, display_id, **kwargs):
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"""Update an existing display by id
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Parameters
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----------
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obj:
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The object with which to update the display
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display_id: keyword-only
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The id of the display to update
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See Also
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--------
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:func:`display`
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"""
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kwargs['update'] = True
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display(obj, display_id=display_id, **kwargs)
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class DisplayHandle(object):
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"""A handle on an updatable display
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Call `.update(obj)` to display a new object.
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Call `.display(obj`) to add a new instance of this display,
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and update existing instances.
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See Also
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--------
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:func:`display`, :func:`update_display`
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"""
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def __init__(self, display_id=None):
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if display_id is None:
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display_id = _new_id()
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self.display_id = display_id
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def __repr__(self):
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return "<%s display_id=%s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.display_id)
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def display(self, obj, **kwargs):
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"""Make a new display with my id, updating existing instances.
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Parameters
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----------
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obj:
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object to display
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**kwargs:
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additional keyword arguments passed to display
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"""
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display(obj, display_id=self.display_id, **kwargs)
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def update(self, obj, **kwargs):
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"""Update existing displays with my id
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Parameters
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----------
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obj:
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object to display
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**kwargs:
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additional keyword arguments passed to update_display
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"""
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update_display(obj, display_id=self.display_id, **kwargs)
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def display_pretty(*objs, **kwargs):
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"""Display the pretty (default) representation of an object.
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Parameters
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----------
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objs : tuple of objects
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The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw text data to
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display.
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raw : bool
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Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
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formatted before display? [default: False]
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metadata : dict (optional)
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Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
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"""
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_display_mimetype('text/plain', objs, **kwargs)
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def display_html(*objs, **kwargs):
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"""Display the HTML representation of an object.
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Note: If raw=False and the object does not have a HTML
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representation, no HTML will be shown.
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Parameters
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----------
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objs : tuple of objects
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The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw HTML data to
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display.
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raw : bool
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Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
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formatted before display? [default: False]
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metadata : dict (optional)
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Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
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"""
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_display_mimetype('text/html', objs, **kwargs)
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def display_markdown(*objs, **kwargs):
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"""Displays the Markdown representation of an object.
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Parameters
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----------
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objs : tuple of objects
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The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw markdown data to
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display.
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raw : bool
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Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
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formatted before display? [default: False]
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metadata : dict (optional)
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Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
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"""
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_display_mimetype('text/markdown', objs, **kwargs)
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def display_svg(*objs, **kwargs):
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"""Display the SVG representation of an object.
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Parameters
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----------
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objs : tuple of objects
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The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw svg data to
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display.
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raw : bool
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Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
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formatted before display? [default: False]
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metadata : dict (optional)
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Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
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"""
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_display_mimetype('image/svg+xml', objs, **kwargs)
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def display_png(*objs, **kwargs):
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"""Display the PNG representation of an object.
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Parameters
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----------
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objs : tuple of objects
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The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw png data to
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display.
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raw : bool
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Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
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formatted before display? [default: False]
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metadata : dict (optional)
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Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
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"""
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|
|
_display_mimetype('image/png', objs, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def display_jpeg(*objs, **kwargs):
|
|
|
"""Display the JPEG representation of an object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
objs : tuple of objects
|
|
|
The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw JPEG data to
|
|
|
display.
|
|
|
raw : bool
|
|
|
Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
|
|
|
formatted before display? [default: False]
|
|
|
metadata : dict (optional)
|
|
|
Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
_display_mimetype('image/jpeg', objs, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def display_latex(*objs, **kwargs):
|
|
|
"""Display the LaTeX representation of an object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
objs : tuple of objects
|
|
|
The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw latex data to
|
|
|
display.
|
|
|
raw : bool
|
|
|
Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
|
|
|
formatted before display? [default: False]
|
|
|
metadata : dict (optional)
|
|
|
Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
_display_mimetype('text/latex', objs, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def display_json(*objs, **kwargs):
|
|
|
"""Display the JSON representation of an object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that not many frontends support displaying JSON.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
objs : tuple of objects
|
|
|
The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw json data to
|
|
|
display.
|
|
|
raw : bool
|
|
|
Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
|
|
|
formatted before display? [default: False]
|
|
|
metadata : dict (optional)
|
|
|
Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
_display_mimetype('application/json', objs, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def display_javascript(*objs, **kwargs):
|
|
|
"""Display the Javascript representation of an object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
objs : tuple of objects
|
|
|
The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw javascript data to
|
|
|
display.
|
|
|
raw : bool
|
|
|
Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
|
|
|
formatted before display? [default: False]
|
|
|
metadata : dict (optional)
|
|
|
Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
_display_mimetype('application/javascript', objs, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def display_pdf(*objs, **kwargs):
|
|
|
"""Display the PDF representation of an object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
objs : tuple of objects
|
|
|
The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw javascript data to
|
|
|
display.
|
|
|
raw : bool
|
|
|
Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
|
|
|
formatted before display? [default: False]
|
|
|
metadata : dict (optional)
|
|
|
Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
_display_mimetype('application/pdf', objs, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
# Smart classes
|
|
|
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class DisplayObject(object):
|
|
|
"""An object that wraps data to be displayed."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
_read_flags = 'r'
|
|
|
_show_mem_addr = False
|
|
|
metadata = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, data=None, url=None, filename=None, metadata=None):
|
|
|
"""Create a display object given raw data.
|
|
|
|
|
|
When this object is returned by an expression or passed to the
|
|
|
display function, it will result in the data being displayed
|
|
|
in the frontend. The MIME type of the data should match the
|
|
|
subclasses used, so the Png subclass should be used for 'image/png'
|
|
|
data. If the data is a URL, the data will first be downloaded
|
|
|
and then displayed. If
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
data : unicode, str or bytes
|
|
|
The raw data or a URL or file to load the data from
|
|
|
url : unicode
|
|
|
A URL to download the data from.
|
|
|
filename : unicode
|
|
|
Path to a local file to load the data from.
|
|
|
metadata : dict
|
|
|
Dict of metadata associated to be the object when displayed
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
if data is not None and isinstance(data, str):
|
|
|
if data.startswith('http') and url is None:
|
|
|
url = data
|
|
|
filename = None
|
|
|
data = None
|
|
|
elif _safe_exists(data) and filename is None:
|
|
|
url = None
|
|
|
filename = data
|
|
|
data = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.data = data
|
|
|
self.url = url
|
|
|
self.filename = filename
|
|
|
|
|
|
if metadata is not None:
|
|
|
self.metadata = metadata
|
|
|
elif self.metadata is None:
|
|
|
self.metadata = {}
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.reload()
|
|
|
self._check_data()
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __repr__(self):
|
|
|
if not self._show_mem_addr:
|
|
|
cls = self.__class__
|
|
|
r = "<%s.%s object>" % (cls.__module__, cls.__name__)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
r = super(DisplayObject, self).__repr__()
|
|
|
return r
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _check_data(self):
|
|
|
"""Override in subclasses if there's something to check."""
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _data_and_metadata(self):
|
|
|
"""shortcut for returning metadata with shape information, if defined"""
|
|
|
if self.metadata:
|
|
|
return self.data, deepcopy(self.metadata)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
return self.data
|
|
|
|
|
|
def reload(self):
|
|
|
"""Reload the raw data from file or URL."""
|
|
|
if self.filename is not None:
|
|
|
with open(self.filename, self._read_flags) as f:
|
|
|
self.data = f.read()
|
|
|
elif self.url is not None:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
# Deferred import
|
|
|
from urllib.request import urlopen
|
|
|
response = urlopen(self.url)
|
|
|
self.data = response.read()
|
|
|
# extract encoding from header, if there is one:
|
|
|
encoding = None
|
|
|
for sub in response.headers['content-type'].split(';'):
|
|
|
sub = sub.strip()
|
|
|
if sub.startswith('charset'):
|
|
|
encoding = sub.split('=')[-1].strip()
|
|
|
break
|
|
|
# decode data, if an encoding was specified
|
|
|
if encoding:
|
|
|
self.data = self.data.decode(encoding, 'replace')
|
|
|
except:
|
|
|
self.data = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
class TextDisplayObject(DisplayObject):
|
|
|
"""Validate that display data is text"""
|
|
|
def _check_data(self):
|
|
|
if self.data is not None and not isinstance(self.data, str):
|
|
|
raise TypeError("%s expects text, not %r" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.data))
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Pretty(TextDisplayObject):
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_pretty_(self, pp, cycle):
|
|
|
return pp.text(self.data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class HTML(TextDisplayObject):
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_html_(self):
|
|
|
return self._data_and_metadata()
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __html__(self):
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
This method exists to inform other HTML-using modules (e.g. Markupsafe,
|
|
|
htmltag, etc) that this object is HTML and does not need things like
|
|
|
special characters (<>&) escaped.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
return self._repr_html_()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Markdown(TextDisplayObject):
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_markdown_(self):
|
|
|
return self._data_and_metadata()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Math(TextDisplayObject):
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_latex_(self):
|
|
|
s = "$$%s$$" % self.data.strip('$')
|
|
|
if self.metadata:
|
|
|
return s, deepcopy(self.metadata)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
return s
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Latex(TextDisplayObject):
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_latex_(self):
|
|
|
return self._data_and_metadata()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class SVG(DisplayObject):
|
|
|
|
|
|
_read_flags = 'rb'
|
|
|
# wrap data in a property, which extracts the <svg> tag, discarding
|
|
|
# document headers
|
|
|
_data = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
|
def data(self):
|
|
|
return self._data
|
|
|
|
|
|
@data.setter
|
|
|
def data(self, svg):
|
|
|
if svg is None:
|
|
|
self._data = None
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
# parse into dom object
|
|
|
from xml.dom import minidom
|
|
|
x = minidom.parseString(svg)
|
|
|
# get svg tag (should be 1)
|
|
|
found_svg = x.getElementsByTagName('svg')
|
|
|
if found_svg:
|
|
|
svg = found_svg[0].toxml()
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
# fallback on the input, trust the user
|
|
|
# but this is probably an error.
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
svg = cast_unicode(svg)
|
|
|
self._data = svg
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_svg_(self):
|
|
|
return self._data_and_metadata()
|
|
|
|
|
|
class ProgressBar(DisplayObject):
|
|
|
"""Progressbar supports displaying a progressbar like element
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
def __init__(self, total):
|
|
|
"""Creates a new progressbar
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
total : int
|
|
|
maximum size of the progressbar
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
self.total = total
|
|
|
self._progress = 0
|
|
|
self.html_width = '60ex'
|
|
|
self.text_width = 60
|
|
|
self._display_id = hexlify(os.urandom(8)).decode('ascii')
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __repr__(self):
|
|
|
fraction = self.progress / self.total
|
|
|
filled = '=' * int(fraction * self.text_width)
|
|
|
rest = ' ' * (self.text_width - len(filled))
|
|
|
return '[{}{}] {}/{}'.format(
|
|
|
filled, rest,
|
|
|
self.progress, self.total,
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_html_(self):
|
|
|
return "<progress style='width:{}' max='{}' value='{}'></progress>".format(
|
|
|
self.html_width, self.total, self.progress)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def display(self):
|
|
|
display(self, display_id=self._display_id)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def update(self):
|
|
|
display(self, display_id=self._display_id, update=True)
|
|
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
|
def progress(self):
|
|
|
return self._progress
|
|
|
|
|
|
@progress.setter
|
|
|
def progress(self, value):
|
|
|
self._progress = value
|
|
|
self.update()
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __iter__(self):
|
|
|
self.display()
|
|
|
self._progress = -1 # First iteration is 0
|
|
|
return self
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __next__(self):
|
|
|
"""Returns current value and increments display by one."""
|
|
|
self.progress += 1
|
|
|
if self.progress < self.total:
|
|
|
return self.progress
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
raise StopIteration()
|
|
|
|
|
|
class JSON(DisplayObject):
|
|
|
"""JSON expects a JSON-able dict or list
|
|
|
|
|
|
not an already-serialized JSON string.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scalar types (None, number, string) are not allowed, only dict or list containers.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
# wrap data in a property, which warns about passing already-serialized JSON
|
|
|
_data = None
|
|
|
def __init__(self, data=None, url=None, filename=None, expanded=False, metadata=None, root='root', **kwargs):
|
|
|
"""Create a JSON display object given raw data.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
data : dict or list
|
|
|
JSON data to display. Not an already-serialized JSON string.
|
|
|
Scalar types (None, number, string) are not allowed, only dict
|
|
|
or list containers.
|
|
|
url : unicode
|
|
|
A URL to download the data from.
|
|
|
filename : unicode
|
|
|
Path to a local file to load the data from.
|
|
|
expanded : boolean
|
|
|
Metadata to control whether a JSON display component is expanded.
|
|
|
metadata: dict
|
|
|
Specify extra metadata to attach to the json display object.
|
|
|
root : str
|
|
|
The name of the root element of the JSON tree
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
self.metadata = {
|
|
|
'expanded': expanded,
|
|
|
'root': root,
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
if metadata:
|
|
|
self.metadata.update(metadata)
|
|
|
if kwargs:
|
|
|
self.metadata.update(kwargs)
|
|
|
super(JSON, self).__init__(data=data, url=url, filename=filename)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _check_data(self):
|
|
|
if self.data is not None and not isinstance(self.data, (dict, list)):
|
|
|
raise TypeError("%s expects JSONable dict or list, not %r" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.data))
|
|
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
|
def data(self):
|
|
|
return self._data
|
|
|
|
|
|
@data.setter
|
|
|
def data(self, data):
|
|
|
if isinstance(data, str):
|
|
|
if getattr(self, 'filename', None) is None:
|
|
|
warnings.warn("JSON expects JSONable dict or list, not JSON strings")
|
|
|
data = json.loads(data)
|
|
|
self._data = data
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _data_and_metadata(self):
|
|
|
return self.data, self.metadata
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_json_(self):
|
|
|
return self._data_and_metadata()
|
|
|
|
|
|
_css_t = """var link = document.createElement("link");
|
|
|
link.ref = "stylesheet";
|
|
|
link.type = "text/css";
|
|
|
link.href = "%s";
|
|
|
document.head.appendChild(link);
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
_lib_t1 = """new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
|
|
|
var script = document.createElement("script");
|
|
|
script.onload = resolve;
|
|
|
script.onerror = reject;
|
|
|
script.src = "%s";
|
|
|
document.head.appendChild(script);
|
|
|
}).then(() => {
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
_lib_t2 = """
|
|
|
});"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
class GeoJSON(JSON):
|
|
|
"""GeoJSON expects JSON-able dict
|
|
|
|
|
|
not an already-serialized JSON string.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scalar types (None, number, string) are not allowed, only dict containers.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
|
"""Create a GeoJSON display object given raw data.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
data : dict or list
|
|
|
VegaLite data. Not an already-serialized JSON string.
|
|
|
Scalar types (None, number, string) are not allowed, only dict
|
|
|
or list containers.
|
|
|
url_template : string
|
|
|
Leaflet TileLayer URL template: http://leafletjs.com/reference.html#url-template
|
|
|
layer_options : dict
|
|
|
Leaflet TileLayer options: http://leafletjs.com/reference.html#tilelayer-options
|
|
|
url : unicode
|
|
|
A URL to download the data from.
|
|
|
filename : unicode
|
|
|
Path to a local file to load the data from.
|
|
|
metadata: dict
|
|
|
Specify extra metadata to attach to the json display object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Examples
|
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following will display an interactive map of Mars with a point of
|
|
|
interest on frontend that do support GeoJSON display.
|
|
|
|
|
|
>>> from IPython.display import GeoJSON
|
|
|
|
|
|
>>> GeoJSON(data={
|
|
|
... "type": "Feature",
|
|
|
... "geometry": {
|
|
|
... "type": "Point",
|
|
|
... "coordinates": [-81.327, 296.038]
|
|
|
... }
|
|
|
... },
|
|
|
... url_template="http://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/whereonmars.cartodb.net/{basemap_id}/{z}/{x}/{y}.png",
|
|
|
... layer_options={
|
|
|
... "basemap_id": "celestia_mars-shaded-16k_global",
|
|
|
... "attribution" : "Celestia/praesepe",
|
|
|
... "minZoom" : 0,
|
|
|
... "maxZoom" : 18,
|
|
|
... })
|
|
|
<IPython.core.display.GeoJSON object>
|
|
|
|
|
|
In the terminal IPython, you will only see the text representation of
|
|
|
the GeoJSON object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
super(GeoJSON, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _ipython_display_(self):
|
|
|
bundle = {
|
|
|
'application/geo+json': self.data,
|
|
|
'text/plain': '<IPython.display.GeoJSON object>'
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
metadata = {
|
|
|
'application/geo+json': self.metadata
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
display(bundle, metadata=metadata, raw=True)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Javascript(TextDisplayObject):
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, data=None, url=None, filename=None, lib=None, css=None):
|
|
|
"""Create a Javascript display object given raw data.
|
|
|
|
|
|
When this object is returned by an expression or passed to the
|
|
|
display function, it will result in the data being displayed
|
|
|
in the frontend. If the data is a URL, the data will first be
|
|
|
downloaded and then displayed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
In the Notebook, the containing element will be available as `element`,
|
|
|
and jQuery will be available. Content appended to `element` will be
|
|
|
visible in the output area.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
data : unicode, str or bytes
|
|
|
The Javascript source code or a URL to download it from.
|
|
|
url : unicode
|
|
|
A URL to download the data from.
|
|
|
filename : unicode
|
|
|
Path to a local file to load the data from.
|
|
|
lib : list or str
|
|
|
A sequence of Javascript library URLs to load asynchronously before
|
|
|
running the source code. The full URLs of the libraries should
|
|
|
be given. A single Javascript library URL can also be given as a
|
|
|
string.
|
|
|
css: : list or str
|
|
|
A sequence of css files to load before running the source code.
|
|
|
The full URLs of the css files should be given. A single css URL
|
|
|
can also be given as a string.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
if isinstance(lib, str):
|
|
|
lib = [lib]
|
|
|
elif lib is None:
|
|
|
lib = []
|
|
|
if isinstance(css, str):
|
|
|
css = [css]
|
|
|
elif css is None:
|
|
|
css = []
|
|
|
if not isinstance(lib, (list,tuple)):
|
|
|
raise TypeError('expected sequence, got: %r' % lib)
|
|
|
if not isinstance(css, (list,tuple)):
|
|
|
raise TypeError('expected sequence, got: %r' % css)
|
|
|
self.lib = lib
|
|
|
self.css = css
|
|
|
super(Javascript, self).__init__(data=data, url=url, filename=filename)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_javascript_(self):
|
|
|
r = ''
|
|
|
for c in self.css:
|
|
|
r += _css_t % c
|
|
|
for l in self.lib:
|
|
|
r += _lib_t1 % l
|
|
|
r += self.data
|
|
|
r += _lib_t2*len(self.lib)
|
|
|
return r
|
|
|
|
|
|
# constants for identifying png/jpeg data
|
|
|
_PNG = b'\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n'
|
|
|
_JPEG = b'\xff\xd8'
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _pngxy(data):
|
|
|
"""read the (width, height) from a PNG header"""
|
|
|
ihdr = data.index(b'IHDR')
|
|
|
# next 8 bytes are width/height
|
|
|
return struct.unpack('>ii', data[ihdr+4:ihdr+12])
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _jpegxy(data):
|
|
|
"""read the (width, height) from a JPEG header"""
|
|
|
# adapted from http://www.64lines.com/jpeg-width-height
|
|
|
|
|
|
idx = 4
|
|
|
while True:
|
|
|
block_size = struct.unpack('>H', data[idx:idx+2])[0]
|
|
|
idx = idx + block_size
|
|
|
if data[idx:idx+2] == b'\xFF\xC0':
|
|
|
# found Start of Frame
|
|
|
iSOF = idx
|
|
|
break
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
# read another block
|
|
|
idx += 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
h, w = struct.unpack('>HH', data[iSOF+5:iSOF+9])
|
|
|
return w, h
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _gifxy(data):
|
|
|
"""read the (width, height) from a GIF header"""
|
|
|
return struct.unpack('<HH', data[6:10])
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Image(DisplayObject):
|
|
|
|
|
|
_read_flags = 'rb'
|
|
|
_FMT_JPEG = u'jpeg'
|
|
|
_FMT_PNG = u'png'
|
|
|
_FMT_GIF = u'gif'
|
|
|
_ACCEPTABLE_EMBEDDINGS = [_FMT_JPEG, _FMT_PNG, _FMT_GIF]
|
|
|
_MIMETYPES = {
|
|
|
_FMT_PNG: 'image/png',
|
|
|
_FMT_JPEG: 'image/jpeg',
|
|
|
_FMT_GIF: 'image/gif',
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, data=None, url=None, filename=None, format=None,
|
|
|
embed=None, width=None, height=None, retina=False,
|
|
|
unconfined=False, metadata=None):
|
|
|
"""Create a PNG/JPEG/GIF image object given raw data.
|
|
|
|
|
|
When this object is returned by an input cell or passed to the
|
|
|
display function, it will result in the image being displayed
|
|
|
in the frontend.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
data : unicode, str or bytes
|
|
|
The raw image data or a URL or filename to load the data from.
|
|
|
This always results in embedded image data.
|
|
|
url : unicode
|
|
|
A URL to download the data from. If you specify `url=`,
|
|
|
the image data will not be embedded unless you also specify `embed=True`.
|
|
|
filename : unicode
|
|
|
Path to a local file to load the data from.
|
|
|
Images from a file are always embedded.
|
|
|
format : unicode
|
|
|
The format of the image data (png/jpeg/jpg/gif). If a filename or URL is given
|
|
|
for format will be inferred from the filename extension.
|
|
|
embed : bool
|
|
|
Should the image data be embedded using a data URI (True) or be
|
|
|
loaded using an <img> tag. Set this to True if you want the image
|
|
|
to be viewable later with no internet connection in the notebook.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Default is `True`, unless the keyword argument `url` is set, then
|
|
|
default value is `False`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that QtConsole is not able to display images if `embed` is set to `False`
|
|
|
width : int
|
|
|
Width in pixels to which to constrain the image in html
|
|
|
height : int
|
|
|
Height in pixels to which to constrain the image in html
|
|
|
retina : bool
|
|
|
Automatically set the width and height to half of the measured
|
|
|
width and height.
|
|
|
This only works for embedded images because it reads the width/height
|
|
|
from image data.
|
|
|
For non-embedded images, you can just set the desired display width
|
|
|
and height directly.
|
|
|
unconfined: bool
|
|
|
Set unconfined=True to disable max-width confinement of the image.
|
|
|
metadata: dict
|
|
|
Specify extra metadata to attach to the image.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Examples
|
|
|
--------
|
|
|
# embedded image data, works in qtconsole and notebook
|
|
|
# when passed positionally, the first arg can be any of raw image data,
|
|
|
# a URL, or a filename from which to load image data.
|
|
|
# The result is always embedding image data for inline images.
|
|
|
Image('http://www.google.fr/images/srpr/logo3w.png')
|
|
|
Image('/path/to/image.jpg')
|
|
|
Image(b'RAW_PNG_DATA...')
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Specifying Image(url=...) does not embed the image data,
|
|
|
# it only generates `<img>` tag with a link to the source.
|
|
|
# This will not work in the qtconsole or offline.
|
|
|
Image(url='http://www.google.fr/images/srpr/logo3w.png')
|
|
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
if filename is not None:
|
|
|
ext = self._find_ext(filename)
|
|
|
elif url is not None:
|
|
|
ext = self._find_ext(url)
|
|
|
elif data is None:
|
|
|
raise ValueError("No image data found. Expecting filename, url, or data.")
|
|
|
elif isinstance(data, str) and (
|
|
|
data.startswith('http') or _safe_exists(data)
|
|
|
):
|
|
|
ext = self._find_ext(data)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
ext = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
if format is None:
|
|
|
if ext is not None:
|
|
|
if ext == u'jpg' or ext == u'jpeg':
|
|
|
format = self._FMT_JPEG
|
|
|
elif ext == u'png':
|
|
|
format = self._FMT_PNG
|
|
|
elif ext == u'gif':
|
|
|
format = self._FMT_GIF
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
format = ext.lower()
|
|
|
elif isinstance(data, bytes):
|
|
|
# infer image type from image data header,
|
|
|
# only if format has not been specified.
|
|
|
if data[:2] == _JPEG:
|
|
|
format = self._FMT_JPEG
|
|
|
|
|
|
# failed to detect format, default png
|
|
|
if format is None:
|
|
|
format = self._FMT_PNG
|
|
|
|
|
|
if format.lower() == 'jpg':
|
|
|
# jpg->jpeg
|
|
|
format = self._FMT_JPEG
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.format = format.lower()
|
|
|
self.embed = embed if embed is not None else (url is None)
|
|
|
|
|
|
if self.embed and self.format not in self._ACCEPTABLE_EMBEDDINGS:
|
|
|
raise ValueError("Cannot embed the '%s' image format" % (self.format))
|
|
|
if self.embed:
|
|
|
self._mimetype = self._MIMETYPES.get(self.format)
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.width = width
|
|
|
self.height = height
|
|
|
self.retina = retina
|
|
|
self.unconfined = unconfined
|
|
|
super(Image, self).__init__(data=data, url=url, filename=filename,
|
|
|
metadata=metadata)
|
|
|
|
|
|
if self.width is None and self.metadata.get('width', {}):
|
|
|
self.width = metadata['width']
|
|
|
|
|
|
if self.height is None and self.metadata.get('height', {}):
|
|
|
self.height = metadata['height']
|
|
|
|
|
|
if retina:
|
|
|
self._retina_shape()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _retina_shape(self):
|
|
|
"""load pixel-doubled width and height from image data"""
|
|
|
if not self.embed:
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
if self.format == self._FMT_PNG:
|
|
|
w, h = _pngxy(self.data)
|
|
|
elif self.format == self._FMT_JPEG:
|
|
|
w, h = _jpegxy(self.data)
|
|
|
elif self.format == self._FMT_GIF:
|
|
|
w, h = _gifxy(self.data)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
# retina only supports png
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
self.width = w // 2
|
|
|
self.height = h // 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
def reload(self):
|
|
|
"""Reload the raw data from file or URL."""
|
|
|
if self.embed:
|
|
|
super(Image,self).reload()
|
|
|
if self.retina:
|
|
|
self._retina_shape()
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_html_(self):
|
|
|
if not self.embed:
|
|
|
width = height = klass = ''
|
|
|
if self.width:
|
|
|
width = ' width="%d"' % self.width
|
|
|
if self.height:
|
|
|
height = ' height="%d"' % self.height
|
|
|
if self.unconfined:
|
|
|
klass = ' class="unconfined"'
|
|
|
return u'<img src="{url}"{width}{height}{klass}/>'.format(
|
|
|
url=self.url,
|
|
|
width=width,
|
|
|
height=height,
|
|
|
klass=klass,
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_mimebundle_(self, include=None, exclude=None):
|
|
|
"""Return the image as a mimebundle
|
|
|
|
|
|
Any new mimetype support should be implemented here.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
if self.embed:
|
|
|
mimetype = self._mimetype
|
|
|
data, metadata = self._data_and_metadata(always_both=True)
|
|
|
if metadata:
|
|
|
metadata = {mimetype: metadata}
|
|
|
return {mimetype: data}, metadata
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
return {'text/html': self._repr_html_()}
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _data_and_metadata(self, always_both=False):
|
|
|
"""shortcut for returning metadata with shape information, if defined"""
|
|
|
b64_data = b2a_base64(self.data).decode('ascii')
|
|
|
md = {}
|
|
|
if self.metadata:
|
|
|
md.update(self.metadata)
|
|
|
if self.width:
|
|
|
md['width'] = self.width
|
|
|
if self.height:
|
|
|
md['height'] = self.height
|
|
|
if self.unconfined:
|
|
|
md['unconfined'] = self.unconfined
|
|
|
if md or always_both:
|
|
|
return b64_data, md
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
return b64_data
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_png_(self):
|
|
|
if self.embed and self.format == self._FMT_PNG:
|
|
|
return self._data_and_metadata()
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_jpeg_(self):
|
|
|
if self.embed and self.format == self._FMT_JPEG:
|
|
|
return self._data_and_metadata()
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _find_ext(self, s):
|
|
|
return s.split('.')[-1].lower()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Video(DisplayObject):
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, data=None, url=None, filename=None, embed=False, mimetype=None):
|
|
|
"""Create a video object given raw data or an URL.
|
|
|
|
|
|
When this object is returned by an input cell or passed to the
|
|
|
display function, it will result in the video being displayed
|
|
|
in the frontend.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
data : unicode, str or bytes
|
|
|
The raw video data or a URL or filename to load the data from.
|
|
|
Raw data will require passing `embed=True`.
|
|
|
url : unicode
|
|
|
A URL for the video. If you specify `url=`,
|
|
|
the image data will not be embedded.
|
|
|
filename : unicode
|
|
|
Path to a local file containing the video.
|
|
|
Will be interpreted as a local URL unless `embed=True`.
|
|
|
embed : bool
|
|
|
Should the video be embedded using a data URI (True) or be
|
|
|
loaded using a <video> tag (False).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Since videos are large, embedding them should be avoided, if possible.
|
|
|
You must confirm embedding as your intention by passing `embed=True`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Local files can be displayed with URLs without embedding the content, via::
|
|
|
|
|
|
Video('./video.mp4')
|
|
|
|
|
|
mimetype: unicode
|
|
|
Specify the mimetype for embedded videos.
|
|
|
Default will be guessed from file extension, if available.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Examples
|
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Video('https://archive.org/download/Sita_Sings_the_Blues/Sita_Sings_the_Blues_small.mp4')
|
|
|
Video('path/to/video.mp4')
|
|
|
Video('path/to/video.mp4', embed=True)
|
|
|
Video(b'raw-videodata', embed=True)
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
if url is None and isinstance(data, str) and data.startswith(('http:', 'https:')):
|
|
|
url = data
|
|
|
data = None
|
|
|
elif os.path.exists(data):
|
|
|
filename = data
|
|
|
data = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
if data and not embed:
|
|
|
msg = ''.join([
|
|
|
"To embed videos, you must pass embed=True ",
|
|
|
"(this may make your notebook files huge)\n",
|
|
|
"Consider passing Video(url='...')",
|
|
|
])
|
|
|
raise ValueError(msg)
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.mimetype = mimetype
|
|
|
self.embed = embed
|
|
|
super(Video, self).__init__(data=data, url=url, filename=filename)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _repr_html_(self):
|
|
|
# External URLs and potentially local files are not embedded into the
|
|
|
# notebook output.
|
|
|
if not self.embed:
|
|
|
url = self.url if self.url is not None else self.filename
|
|
|
output = """<video src="{0}" controls>
|
|
|
Your browser does not support the <code>video</code> element.
|
|
|
</video>""".format(url)
|
|
|
return output
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Embedded videos are base64-encoded.
|
|
|
mimetype = self.mimetype
|
|
|
if self.filename is not None:
|
|
|
if not mimetype:
|
|
|
mimetype, _ = mimetypes.guess_type(self.filename)
|
|
|
|
|
|
with open(self.filename, 'rb') as f:
|
|
|
video = f.read()
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
video = self.data
|
|
|
if isinstance(video, str):
|
|
|
# unicode input is already b64-encoded
|
|
|
b64_video = video
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
b64_video = b2a_base64(video).decode('ascii').rstrip()
|
|
|
|
|
|
output = """<video controls>
|
|
|
<source src="data:{0};base64,{1}" type="{0}">
|
|
|
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
|
|
</video>""".format(mimetype, b64_video)
|
|
|
return output
|
|
|
|
|
|
def reload(self):
|
|
|
# TODO
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def clear_output(wait=False):
|
|
|
"""Clear the output of the current cell receiving output.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
wait : bool [default: false]
|
|
|
Wait to clear the output until new output is available to replace it."""
|
|
|
from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
|
|
|
if InteractiveShell.initialized():
|
|
|
InteractiveShell.instance().display_pub.clear_output(wait)
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
print('\033[2K\r', end='')
|
|
|
sys.stdout.flush()
|
|
|
print('\033[2K\r', end='')
|
|
|
sys.stderr.flush()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@skip_doctest
|
|
|
def set_matplotlib_formats(*formats, **kwargs):
|
|
|
"""Select figure formats for the inline backend. Optionally pass quality for JPEG.
|
|
|
|
|
|
For example, this enables PNG and JPEG output with a JPEG quality of 90%::
|
|
|
|
|
|
In [1]: set_matplotlib_formats('png', 'jpeg', quality=90)
|
|
|
|
|
|
To set this in your config files use the following::
|
|
|
|
|
|
c.InlineBackend.figure_formats = {'png', 'jpeg'}
|
|
|
c.InlineBackend.print_figure_kwargs.update({'quality' : 90})
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Parameters
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----------
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*formats : strs
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One or more figure formats to enable: 'png', 'retina', 'jpeg', 'svg', 'pdf'.
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**kwargs :
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|
Keyword args will be relayed to ``figure.canvas.print_figure``.
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"""
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from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
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from IPython.core.pylabtools import select_figure_formats
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# build kwargs, starting with InlineBackend config
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|
kw = {}
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from ipykernel.pylab.config import InlineBackend
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cfg = InlineBackend.instance()
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kw.update(cfg.print_figure_kwargs)
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|
kw.update(**kwargs)
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|
shell = InteractiveShell.instance()
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select_figure_formats(shell, formats, **kw)
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|
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|
@skip_doctest
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|
def set_matplotlib_close(close=True):
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|
"""Set whether the inline backend closes all figures automatically or not.
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|
|
|
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|
By default, the inline backend used in the IPython Notebook will close all
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|
|
matplotlib figures automatically after each cell is run. This means that
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|
plots in different cells won't interfere. Sometimes, you may want to make
|
|
|
a plot in one cell and then refine it in later cells. This can be accomplished
|
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|
by::
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|
|
|
|
In [1]: set_matplotlib_close(False)
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|
|
|
|
|
To set this in your config files use the following::
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|
|
|
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|
c.InlineBackend.close_figures = False
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|
|
|
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|
Parameters
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|
|
----------
|
|
|
close : bool
|
|
|
Should all matplotlib figures be automatically closed after each cell is
|
|
|
run?
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|
"""
|
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|
from ipykernel.pylab.config import InlineBackend
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|
cfg = InlineBackend.instance()
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|
cfg.close_figures = close
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|
|
