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 "metadata": {
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 },
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  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "from __future__ import print_function # 2.7 compatability\n",
      "\n",
      "from IPython.html import widgets # Widget definitions\n",
      "from IPython.display import display # Used to display widgets in the notebook"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Traitlet Events"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "The widget properties are IPython traitlets.  Traitlets are eventful.  To handle property value changes, the `on_trait_change` method of the widget can be used to register an event handling callback.  The doc string for `on_trait_change` can be seen below.  Both the `name` and `remove` properties are optional."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "print(widgets.Widget.on_trait_change.__doc__)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Setup a handler to be called when a trait changes.\n",
        "\n",
        "        This is used to setup dynamic notifications of trait changes.\n",
        "\n",
        "        Static handlers can be created by creating methods on a HasTraits\n",
        "        subclass with the naming convention '_[traitname]_changed'.  Thus,\n",
        "        to create static handler for the trait 'a', create the method\n",
        "        _a_changed(self, name, old, new) (fewer arguments can be used, see\n",
        "        below).\n",
        "\n",
        "        Parameters\n",
        "        ----------\n",
        "        handler : callable\n",
        "            A callable that is called when a trait changes.  Its\n",
        "            signature can be handler(), handler(name), handler(name, new)\n",
        "            or handler(name, old, new).\n",
        "        name : list, str, None\n",
        "            If None, the handler will apply to all traits.  If a list\n",
        "            of str, handler will apply to all names in the list.  If a\n",
        "            str, the handler will apply just to that name.\n",
        "        remove : bool\n",
        "            If False (the default), then install the handler.  If True\n",
        "            then unintall it.\n",
        "        \n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 3
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Mentioned in the doc string, the callback registered can have 4 possible signatures:\n",
      "\n",
      "- callback()\n",
      "- callback(trait_name)\n",
      "- callback(trait_name, new_value)\n",
      "- callback(trait_name, old_value, new_value)\n",
      "\n",
      "An example of how to output an IntRangeWiget's value as it is changed can be seen below."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "intrange = widgets.IntRangeWidget()\n",
      "display(intrange)\n",
      "\n",
      "def on_value_change(name, value):\n",
      "    print(value)\n",
      "\n",
      "intrange.on_trait_change(on_value_change, 'value')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "1\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "2\n"
       ]
      },
      {
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       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "3\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "4\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "5\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "6\n"
       ]
      },
      {
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       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "7\n"
       ]
      },
      {
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       "text": [
        "8\n"
       ]
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       "text": [
        "9\n"
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        "10\n"
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        "11\n"
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        "12\n"
       ]
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        "13\n"
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        "14\n"
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        "15\n"
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        "16\n"
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        "17\n"
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        "18\n"
       ]
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       "text": [
        "20\n"
       ]
      },
      {
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       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "19\n"
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      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "18\n"
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      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "17\n"
       ]
      },
      {
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       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "16\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "12\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "10\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "8\n"
       ]
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      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "6\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "4\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "3\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "2\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "1\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "4\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "10\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "18\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "39\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "60\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "68\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "75\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "79\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "82\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "85\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "86\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 5
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Specialized Events"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Button On Click Event"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "The `ButtonWidget` is a special widget, like the `ContainerWidget` and `MulticontainerWidget`, that isn't used to represent a data type.  Instead the button widget is used to handle mouse clicks.  The `on_click` method of the `ButtonWidget` can be used to register a click even handler.  The doc string of the `on_click` can be seen below."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "print(widgets.ButtonWidget.on_click.__doc__)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Register a callback to execute when the button is clicked.  The\n",
        "        callback can either accept no parameters or one sender parameter:\n",
        "        - callback()\n",
        "        - callback(sender)\n",
        "        If the callback has a sender parameter, the ButtonWidget instance that\n",
        "        called the callback will be passed into the method as the sender.\n",
        "\n",
        "        Parameters\n",
        "        ----------\n",
        "        remove : bool (optional)\n",
        "            Set to true to remove the callback from the list of callbacks.\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Button clicks are transmitted from the front-end to the back-end using custom messages.  By using the `on_click` method, a button that prints a message when it has been clicked is shown below."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "display(intrange)\n",
      "print('hi')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "hi\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "85\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "84\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "81\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "79\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "73\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "70\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "67\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "59\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "56\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "53\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "51\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "49\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "47\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "45\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "44\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "42\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 7
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "button = widgets.ButtonWidget(description=\"Click Me!\")\n",
      "display(button)\n",
      "\n",
      "def on_button_clicked(sender):\n",
      "    print(\"Button clicked.\")\n",
      "    intrange.value +=1\n",
      "\n",
      "button.on_click(on_button_clicked)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Button clicked.\n",
        "43\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Button clicked.\n",
        "44\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Button clicked.\n",
        "45\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Button clicked.\n",
        "46\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Button clicked.\n",
        "47\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Button clicked.\n",
        "48\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Button clicked.\n",
        "49\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 8
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Event handlers can also be used to create widgets.  In the example below, clicking a button spawns another button with a description equal to how many times the parent button had been clicked at the time."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 11,
       "text": [
        "{'content': {'data': \"{'parent_header': {}, 'msg_type': u'comm_msg', 'msg_id': u'3DBB06AD83C942DD85DC6477B08F1FBF', 'content': {u'data': {u'method': u'custom', u'custom_content': {u'event': u'click'}}, u'comm_id': u'eea5f11ae7aa473993dd0c81d6016648'}, 'header': {u'username': u'username', u'msg_id': u'3DBB06AD83C942DD85DC6477B08F1FBF', u'msg_type': u'comm_msg', u'session': u'0F6D6BE728DA47A38CFC4BDEACF34FC4'}, 'buffers': [], 'metadata': {}}\\ncustom message {'parent_header': {}, 'msg_type': u'comm_msg', 'msg_id': u'3DBB06AD83C942DD85DC6477B08F1FBF', 'content': {u'data': {u'method': u'custom', u'custom_content': {u'event': u'click'}}, u'comm_id': u'eea5f11ae7aa473993dd0c81d6016648'}, 'header': {u'username': u'username', u'msg_id': u'3DBB06AD83C942DD85DC6477B08F1FBF', u'msg_type': u'comm_msg', u'session': u'0F6D6BE728DA47A38CFC4BDEACF34FC4'}, 'buffers': [], 'metadata': {}}\\nhandling click\\n{u'event': u'click'}\\nButton clicked.\\n2\\n\",\n",
        "  'name': 'stdout'},\n",
        " 'header': {'msg_id': 'd9dc144a-d86c-42c1-8bab-f8a6bc525723',\n",
        "  'msg_type': 'stream',\n",
        "  'session': '9b9408d8-7420-4e0c-976d-cdda9f8d2564',\n",
        "  'username': 'kernel'},\n",
        " 'metadata': {},\n",
        " 'msg_id': 'd9dc144a-d86c-42c1-8bab-f8a6bc525723',\n",
        " 'msg_type': 'stream',\n",
        " 'parent_header': {'msg_id': '3DBB06AD83C942DD85DC6477B08F1FBF',\n",
        "  'msg_type': 'comm_msg',\n",
        "  'session': '0F6D6BE728DA47A38CFC4BDEACF34FC4',\n",
        "  'username': 'username'}}"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 11
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "def show_button(sender=None):\n",
      "    button = widgets.ButtonWidget()\n",
      "    button.clicks = 0\n",
      "    if sender is None:\n",
      "        button.description = \"0\"\n",
      "    else:\n",
      "        sender.clicks += 1\n",
      "        button.description = \"%d\" % sender.clicks\n",
      "    display(button)\n",
      "    button.on_click(show_button)\n",
      "show_button()\n",
      "    "
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 9
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": []
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}