"""Base classes to manage a Client's interaction with a running kernel """ #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Copyright (C) 2013 The IPython Development Team # # Distributed under the terms of the BSD License. The full license is in # the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software. #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Imports #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- from __future__ import absolute_import # Standard library imports import atexit import errno from threading import Thread import time import zmq # import ZMQError in top-level namespace, to avoid ugly attribute-error messages # during garbage collection of threads at exit: from zmq import ZMQError from zmq.eventloop import ioloop, zmqstream # Local imports from .channelabc import ( ShellChannelABC, IOPubChannelABC, HBChannelABC, StdInChannelABC, ) #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Constants and exceptions #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- class InvalidPortNumber(Exception): pass #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Utility functions #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # some utilities to validate message structure, these might get moved elsewhere # if they prove to have more generic utility def validate_string_list(lst): """Validate that the input is a list of strings. Raises ValueError if not.""" if not isinstance(lst, list): raise ValueError('input %r must be a list' % lst) for x in lst: if not isinstance(x, basestring): raise ValueError('element %r in list must be a string' % x) def validate_string_dict(dct): """Validate that the input is a dict with string keys and values. Raises ValueError if not.""" for k,v in dct.iteritems(): if not isinstance(k, basestring): raise ValueError('key %r in dict must be a string' % k) if not isinstance(v, basestring): raise ValueError('value %r in dict must be a string' % v) #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # ZMQ Socket Channel classes #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- class ZMQSocketChannel(Thread): """The base class for the channels that use ZMQ sockets.""" context = None session = None socket = None ioloop = None stream = None _address = None _exiting = False proxy_methods = [] def __init__(self, context, session, address): """Create a channel. Parameters ---------- context : :class:`zmq.Context` The ZMQ context to use. session : :class:`session.Session` The session to use. address : zmq url Standard (ip, port) tuple that the kernel is listening on. """ super(ZMQSocketChannel, self).__init__() self.daemon = True self.context = context self.session = session if isinstance(address, tuple): if address[1] == 0: message = 'The port number for a channel cannot be 0.' raise InvalidPortNumber(message) address = "tcp://%s:%i" % address self._address = address atexit.register(self._notice_exit) def _notice_exit(self): self._exiting = True def _run_loop(self): """Run my loop, ignoring EINTR events in the poller""" while True: try: self.ioloop.start() except ZMQError as e: if e.errno == errno.EINTR: continue else: raise except Exception: if self._exiting: break else: raise else: break def stop(self): """Stop the channel's event loop and join its thread. This calls :method:`Thread.join` and returns when the thread terminates. :class:`RuntimeError` will be raised if :method:`self.start` is called again. """ self.join() @property def address(self): """Get the channel's address as a zmq url string. These URLS have the form: 'tcp://127.0.0.1:5555'. """ return self._address def _queue_send(self, msg): """Queue a message to be sent from the IOLoop's thread. Parameters ---------- msg : message to send This is threadsafe, as it uses IOLoop.add_callback to give the loop's thread control of the action. """ def thread_send(): self.session.send(self.stream, msg) self.ioloop.add_callback(thread_send) def _handle_recv(self, msg): """Callback for stream.on_recv. Unpacks message, and calls handlers with it. """ ident,smsg = self.session.feed_identities(msg) self.call_handlers(self.session.unserialize(smsg)) class ShellChannel(ZMQSocketChannel): """The shell channel for issuing request/replies to the kernel.""" command_queue = None # flag for whether execute requests should be allowed to call raw_input: allow_stdin = True proxy_methods = [ 'execute', 'complete', 'object_info', 'history', 'kernel_info', 'shutdown', ] def __init__(self, context, session, address): super(ShellChannel, self).__init__(context, session, address) self.ioloop = ioloop.IOLoop() def run(self): """The thread's main activity. Call start() instead.""" self.socket = self.context.socket(zmq.DEALER) self.socket.setsockopt(zmq.IDENTITY, self.session.bsession) self.socket.connect(self.address) self.stream = zmqstream.ZMQStream(self.socket, self.ioloop) self.stream.on_recv(self._handle_recv) self._run_loop() try: self.socket.close() except: pass def stop(self): """Stop the channel's event loop and join its thread.""" self.ioloop.stop() super(ShellChannel, self).stop() def call_handlers(self, msg): """This method is called in the ioloop thread when a message arrives. Subclasses should override this method to handle incoming messages. It is important to remember that this method is called in the thread so that some logic must be done to ensure that the application level handlers are called in the application thread. """ raise NotImplementedError('call_handlers must be defined in a subclass.') def execute(self, code, silent=False, store_history=True, user_variables=None, user_expressions=None, allow_stdin=None): """Execute code in the kernel. Parameters ---------- code : str A string of Python code. silent : bool, optional (default False) If set, the kernel will execute the code as quietly possible, and will force store_history to be False. store_history : bool, optional (default True) If set, the kernel will store command history. This is forced to be False if silent is True. user_variables : list, optional A list of variable names to pull from the user's namespace. They will come back as a dict with these names as keys and their :func:`repr` as values. user_expressions : dict, optional A dict mapping names to expressions to be evaluated in the user's dict. The expression values are returned as strings formatted using :func:`repr`. allow_stdin : bool, optional (default self.allow_stdin) Flag for whether the kernel can send stdin requests to frontends. Some frontends (e.g. the Notebook) do not support stdin requests. If raw_input is called from code executed from such a frontend, a StdinNotImplementedError will be raised. Returns ------- The msg_id of the message sent. """ if user_variables is None: user_variables = [] if user_expressions is None: user_expressions = {} if allow_stdin is None: allow_stdin = self.allow_stdin # Don't waste network traffic if inputs are invalid if not isinstance(code, basestring): raise ValueError('code %r must be a string' % code) validate_string_list(user_variables) validate_string_dict(user_expressions) # Create class for content/msg creation. Related to, but possibly # not in Session. content = dict(code=code, silent=silent, store_history=store_history, user_variables=user_variables, user_expressions=user_expressions, allow_stdin=allow_stdin, ) msg = self.session.msg('execute_request', content) self._queue_send(msg) return msg['header']['msg_id'] def complete(self, text, line, cursor_pos, block=None): """Tab complete text in the kernel's namespace. Parameters ---------- text : str The text to complete. line : str The full line of text that is the surrounding context for the text to complete. cursor_pos : int The position of the cursor in the line where the completion was requested. block : str, optional The full block of code in which the completion is being requested. Returns ------- The msg_id of the message sent. """ content = dict(text=text, line=line, block=block, cursor_pos=cursor_pos) msg = self.session.msg('complete_request', content) self._queue_send(msg) return msg['header']['msg_id'] def object_info(self, oname, detail_level=0): """Get metadata information about an object in the kernel's namespace. Parameters ---------- oname : str A string specifying the object name. detail_level : int, optional The level of detail for the introspection (0-2) Returns ------- The msg_id of the message sent. """ content = dict(oname=oname, detail_level=detail_level) msg = self.session.msg('object_info_request', content) self._queue_send(msg) return msg['header']['msg_id'] def history(self, raw=True, output=False, hist_access_type='range', **kwargs): """Get entries from the kernel's history list. Parameters ---------- raw : bool If True, return the raw input. output : bool If True, then return the output as well. hist_access_type : str 'range' (fill in session, start and stop params), 'tail' (fill in n) or 'search' (fill in pattern param). session : int For a range request, the session from which to get lines. Session numbers are positive integers; negative ones count back from the current session. start : int The first line number of a history range. stop : int The final (excluded) line number of a history range. n : int The number of lines of history to get for a tail request. pattern : str The glob-syntax pattern for a search request. Returns ------- The msg_id of the message sent. """ content = dict(raw=raw, output=output, hist_access_type=hist_access_type, **kwargs) msg = self.session.msg('history_request', content) self._queue_send(msg) return msg['header']['msg_id'] def kernel_info(self): """Request kernel info.""" msg = self.session.msg('kernel_info_request') self._queue_send(msg) return msg['header']['msg_id'] def shutdown(self, restart=False): """Request an immediate kernel shutdown. Upon receipt of the (empty) reply, client code can safely assume that the kernel has shut down and it's safe to forcefully terminate it if it's still alive. The kernel will send the reply via a function registered with Python's atexit module, ensuring it's truly done as the kernel is done with all normal operation. """ # Send quit message to kernel. Once we implement kernel-side setattr, # this should probably be done that way, but for now this will do. msg = self.session.msg('shutdown_request', {'restart':restart}) self._queue_send(msg) return msg['header']['msg_id'] class IOPubChannel(ZMQSocketChannel): """The iopub channel which listens for messages that the kernel publishes. This channel is where all output is published to frontends. """ def __init__(self, context, session, address): super(IOPubChannel, self).__init__(context, session, address) self.ioloop = ioloop.IOLoop() def run(self): """The thread's main activity. Call start() instead.""" self.socket = self.context.socket(zmq.SUB) self.socket.setsockopt(zmq.SUBSCRIBE,b'') self.socket.setsockopt(zmq.IDENTITY, self.session.bsession) self.socket.connect(self.address) self.stream = zmqstream.ZMQStream(self.socket, self.ioloop) self.stream.on_recv(self._handle_recv) self._run_loop() try: self.socket.close() except: pass def stop(self): """Stop the channel's event loop and join its thread.""" self.ioloop.stop() super(IOPubChannel, self).stop() def call_handlers(self, msg): """This method is called in the ioloop thread when a message arrives. Subclasses should override this method to handle incoming messages. It is important to remember that this method is called in the thread so that some logic must be done to ensure that the application leve handlers are called in the application thread. """ raise NotImplementedError('call_handlers must be defined in a subclass.') def flush(self, timeout=1.0): """Immediately processes all pending messages on the iopub channel. Callers should use this method to ensure that :method:`call_handlers` has been called for all messages that have been received on the 0MQ SUB socket of this channel. This method is thread safe. Parameters ---------- timeout : float, optional The maximum amount of time to spend flushing, in seconds. The default is one second. """ # We do the IOLoop callback process twice to ensure that the IOLoop # gets to perform at least one full poll. stop_time = time.time() + timeout for i in xrange(2): self._flushed = False self.ioloop.add_callback(self._flush) while not self._flushed and time.time() < stop_time: time.sleep(0.01) def _flush(self): """Callback for :method:`self.flush`.""" self.stream.flush() self._flushed = True class StdInChannel(ZMQSocketChannel): """The stdin channel to handle raw_input requests that the kernel makes.""" msg_queue = None proxy_methods = ['input'] def __init__(self, context, session, address): super(StdInChannel, self).__init__(context, session, address) self.ioloop = ioloop.IOLoop() def run(self): """The thread's main activity. Call start() instead.""" self.socket = self.context.socket(zmq.DEALER) self.socket.setsockopt(zmq.IDENTITY, self.session.bsession) self.socket.connect(self.address) self.stream = zmqstream.ZMQStream(self.socket, self.ioloop) self.stream.on_recv(self._handle_recv) self._run_loop() try: self.socket.close() except: pass def stop(self): """Stop the channel's event loop and join its thread.""" self.ioloop.stop() super(StdInChannel, self).stop() def call_handlers(self, msg): """This method is called in the ioloop thread when a message arrives. Subclasses should override this method to handle incoming messages. It is important to remember that this method is called in the thread so that some logic must be done to ensure that the application leve handlers are called in the application thread. """ raise NotImplementedError('call_handlers must be defined in a subclass.') def input(self, string): """Send a string of raw input to the kernel.""" content = dict(value=string) msg = self.session.msg('input_reply', content) self._queue_send(msg) class HBChannel(ZMQSocketChannel): """The heartbeat channel which monitors the kernel heartbeat. Note that the heartbeat channel is paused by default. As long as you start this channel, the kernel manager will ensure that it is paused and un-paused as appropriate. """ time_to_dead = 3.0 socket = None poller = None _running = None _pause = None _beating = None def __init__(self, context, session, address): super(HBChannel, self).__init__(context, session, address) self._running = False self._pause =True self.poller = zmq.Poller() def _create_socket(self): if self.socket is not None: # close previous socket, before opening a new one self.poller.unregister(self.socket) self.socket.close() self.socket = self.context.socket(zmq.REQ) self.socket.setsockopt(zmq.LINGER, 0) self.socket.connect(self.address) self.poller.register(self.socket, zmq.POLLIN) def _poll(self, start_time): """poll for heartbeat replies until we reach self.time_to_dead. Ignores interrupts, and returns the result of poll(), which will be an empty list if no messages arrived before the timeout, or the event tuple if there is a message to receive. """ until_dead = self.time_to_dead - (time.time() - start_time) # ensure poll at least once until_dead = max(until_dead, 1e-3) events = [] while True: try: events = self.poller.poll(1000 * until_dead) except ZMQError as e: if e.errno == errno.EINTR: # ignore interrupts during heartbeat # this may never actually happen until_dead = self.time_to_dead - (time.time() - start_time) until_dead = max(until_dead, 1e-3) pass else: raise except Exception: if self._exiting: break else: raise else: break return events def run(self): """The thread's main activity. Call start() instead.""" self._create_socket() self._running = True self._beating = True while self._running: if self._pause: # just sleep, and skip the rest of the loop time.sleep(self.time_to_dead) continue since_last_heartbeat = 0.0 # io.rprint('Ping from HB channel') # dbg # no need to catch EFSM here, because the previous event was # either a recv or connect, which cannot be followed by EFSM self.socket.send(b'ping') request_time = time.time() ready = self._poll(request_time) if ready: self._beating = True # the poll above guarantees we have something to recv self.socket.recv() # sleep the remainder of the cycle remainder = self.time_to_dead - (time.time() - request_time) if remainder > 0: time.sleep(remainder) continue else: # nothing was received within the time limit, signal heart failure self._beating = False since_last_heartbeat = time.time() - request_time self.call_handlers(since_last_heartbeat) # and close/reopen the socket, because the REQ/REP cycle has been broken self._create_socket() continue try: self.socket.close() except: pass def pause(self): """Pause the heartbeat.""" self._pause = True def unpause(self): """Unpause the heartbeat.""" self._pause = False def is_beating(self): """Is the heartbeat running and responsive (and not paused).""" if self.is_alive() and not self._pause and self._beating: return True else: return False def stop(self): """Stop the channel's event loop and join its thread.""" self._running = False super(HBChannel, self).stop() def call_handlers(self, since_last_heartbeat): """This method is called in the ioloop thread when a message arrives. Subclasses should override this method to handle incoming messages. It is important to remember that this method is called in the thread so that some logic must be done to ensure that the application level handlers are called in the application thread. """ raise NotImplementedError('call_handlers must be defined in a subclass.') #---------------------------------------------------------------------#----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # ABC Registration #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ShellChannelABC.register(ShellChannel) IOPubChannelABC.register(IOPubChannel) HBChannelABC.register(HBChannel) StdInChannelABC.register(StdInChannel)