docs/setup.rst

.. _setup:

=====
Setup
=====


Setting up Kallithea
--------------------

First, you will need to create a Kallithea configuration file. Run the
following command to do so::

    paster make-config Kallithea my.ini

This will create the file ``my.ini`` in the current directory. This
configuration file contains the various settings for Kallithea, e.g.,
proxy port, email settings, usage of static files, cache, Celery
settings, and logging.


Next, you need to create the databases used by Kallithea. It is recommended to
use PostgreSQL or SQLite (default). If you choose a database other than the
default, ensure you properly adjust the database URL in your ``my.ini``
configuration file to use this other database. Kallithea currently supports
PostgreSQL, SQLite and MySQL databases. Create the database by running
the following command::

    paster setup-db my.ini

This will prompt you for a "root" path. This "root" path is the location where
Kallithea will store all of its repositories on the current machine. After
entering this "root" path ``setup-db`` will also prompt you for a username
and password for the initial admin account which ``setup-db`` sets
up for you.

The setup process can be fully automated, example for lazy::

    paster setup-db my.ini --user=nn --password=secret --email=[e-mail] --repos=/srv/repos


The ``setup-db`` command will create all of the needed tables and an
admin account. When choosing a root path you can either use a new
empty location, or a location which already contains existing
repositories. If you choose a location which contains existing
repositories Kallithea will add all of the repositories at the chosen
location to its database.  (Note: make sure you specify the correct
path to the root).

.. note:: the given path for Mercurial_ repositories **must** be write
          accessible for the application. It's very important since
          the Kallithea web interface will work without write access,
          but when trying to do a push it will fail with permission
          denied errors unless it has write access.

You are now ready to use Kallithea. To run it simply execute::

    paster serve my.ini

- This command runs the Kallithea server. The web app should be available at
  http://127.0.0.1:5000. This ip and port is configurable via the my.ini
  file created in previous step
- Use the admin account you created above when running ``setup-db``
  to login to the web app.
- The default permissions on each repository is read, and the owner is admin.
  Remember to update these if needed.
- In the admin panel you can toggle LDAP, anonymous, and permissions
  settings, as well as edit more advanced options on users and
  repositories

Optionally users can create an ``rcextensions`` package that extends Kallithea
functionality. To do this simply execute::

    paster make-rcext my.ini

This will create an ``rcextensions`` package in the same place that your ``ini`` file
lives. With ``rcextensions`` it's possible to add additional mapping for whoosh,
stats and add additional code into the push/pull/create/delete repo hooks,
for example, for sending signals to build-bots such as Jenkins.
Please see the ``__init__.py`` file inside ``rcextensions`` package
for more details.


Using Kallithea with SSH
------------------------

Kallithea currently only hosts repositories using http and https. (The addition
of ssh hosting is a planned future feature.) However you can easily use ssh in
parallel with Kallithea. (Repository access via ssh is a standard "out of
the box" feature of Mercurial_ and you can use this to access any of the
repositories that Kallithea is hosting. See PublishingRepositories_)

Kallithea repository structures are kept in directories with the same name
as the project. When using repository groups, each group is a subdirectory.
This allows you to easily use ssh for accessing repositories.

In order to use ssh you need to make sure that your web server and the users'
login accounts have the correct permissions set on the appropriate directories.

.. note:: These permissions are independent of any permissions you
          have set up using the Kallithea web interface.

If your main directory (the same as set in Kallithea settings) is for
example set to ``/srv/repos`` and the repository you are using is
named ``kallithea``, then to clone via ssh you should run::

    hg clone ssh://[e-mail]//srv/repos/kallithea

Using other external tools such as mercurial-server_ or using ssh key-based
authentication is fully supported.

.. note:: In an advanced setup, in order for your ssh access to use
          the same permissions as set up via the Kallithea web
          interface, you can create an authentication hook to connect
          to the Kallithea db and run check functions for permissions
          against that.

Setting up Whoosh full text search
----------------------------------

The whoosh index can be built by using the paster
command ``make-index``. To use ``make-index`` you must specify the configuration
file that stores the location of the index. You may specify the location of the
repositories (``--repo-location``).  If not specified, this value is retrieved
from the Kallithea database.
It is also possible to specify a comma separated list of
repositories (``--index-only``) to build index only on chooses repositories
skipping any other found in repos location

You may optionally pass the option ``-f`` to enable a full index rebuild. Without
the ``-f`` option, indexing will run always in "incremental" mode.

For an incremental index build use::

    paster make-index my.ini

For a full index rebuild use::

    paster make-index my.ini -f


Building an index for just selected repositories is possible with such command::

    paster make-index my.ini --index-only=vcs,kallithea


In order to do periodic index builds and keep your index always up to
date, it is recommended to use a crontab entry.  An example entry
might look like this::

    /path/to/python/bin/paster make-index /path/to/kallithea/my.ini

When using incremental mode (the default) whoosh will check the last
modification date of each file and add it to be reindexed if a newer file is
available. The indexing daemon checks for any removed files and removes them
from index.

If you want to rebuild the index from scratch, you can use the ``-f`` flag as above,
or in the admin panel you can check the "build from scratch" flag.


Setting up LDAP support
-----------------------

Kallithea supports LDAP authentication. In order
to use LDAP, you have to install the python-ldap_ package. This package is
available via pypi, so you can install it by running::

    pip install python-ldap

.. note:: ``python-ldap`` requires some libraries to be installed on
          your system, so before installing it check that you have at
          least the ``openldap`` and ``sasl`` libraries.

LDAP settings are located in the Admin->LDAP section.

Here's a typical LDAP setup::

 Connection settings
 Enable LDAP          = checked
 Host                 = host.example.org
 Port                 = 389
 Account              = <account>
 Password             = <password>
 Connection Security  = LDAPS connection
 Certificate Checks   = DEMAND

 Search settings
 Base DN              = CN=users,DC=host,DC=example,DC=org
 LDAP Filter          = (&(objectClass=user)(!(objectClass=computer)))
 LDAP Search Scope    = SUBTREE

 Attribute mappings
 Login Attribute      = uid
 First Name Attribute = firstName
 Last Name Attribute  = lastName
 E-mail Attribute     = mail

If your user groups are placed in an Organisation Unit (OU) structure, the Search Settings configuration differs::

 Search settings
 Base DN              = DC=host,DC=example,DC=org
 LDAP Filter          = (&(memberOf=CN=your user group,OU=subunit,OU=unit,DC=host,DC=example,DC=org)(objectClass=user))
 LDAP Search Scope    = SUBTREE

.. _enable_ldap:

Enable LDAP : required
    Whether to use LDAP for authenticating users.

.. _ldap_host:

Host : required
    LDAP server hostname or IP address. Can be also a comma separated
    list of servers to support LDAP fail-over.

.. _Port:

Port : required
    389 for un-encrypted LDAP, 636 for SSL-encrypted LDAP.

.. _ldap_account:

Account : optional
    Only required if the LDAP server does not allow anonymous browsing of
    records.  This should be a special account for record browsing.  This
    will require `LDAP Password`_ below.

.. _LDAP Password:

Password : optional
    Only required if the LDAP server does not allow anonymous browsing of
    records.

.. _Enable LDAPS:

Connection Security : required
    Defines the connection to LDAP server

    No encryption
        Plain non encrypted connection

    LDAPS connection
        Enable LDAPS connections. It will likely require `Port`_ to be set to
        a different value (standard LDAPS port is 636). When LDAPS is enabled
        then `Certificate Checks`_ is required.

    START_TLS on LDAP connection
        START TLS connection

.. _Certificate Checks:

Certificate Checks : optional
    How SSL certificates verification is handled - this is only useful when
    `Enable LDAPS`_ is enabled.  Only DEMAND or HARD offer full SSL security
    while the other options are susceptible to man-in-the-middle attacks.  SSL
    certificates can be installed to /etc/openldap/cacerts so that the
    DEMAND or HARD options can be used with self-signed certificates or
    certificates that do not have traceable certificates of authority.

    NEVER
        A serve certificate will never be requested or checked.

    ALLOW
        A server certificate is requested.  Failure to provide a
        certificate or providing a bad certificate will not terminate the
        session.

    TRY
        A server certificate is requested.  Failure to provide a
        certificate does not halt the session; providing a bad certificate
        halts the session.

    DEMAND
        A server certificate is requested and must be provided and
        authenticated for the session to proceed.

    HARD
        The same as DEMAND.

.. _Base DN:

Base DN : required
    The Distinguished Name (DN) where searches for users will be performed.
    Searches can be controlled by `LDAP Filter`_ and `LDAP Search Scope`_.

.. _LDAP Filter:

LDAP Filter : optional
    A LDAP filter defined by RFC 2254.  This is more useful when `LDAP
    Search Scope`_ is set to SUBTREE.  The filter is useful for limiting
    which LDAP objects are identified as representing Users for
    authentication.  The filter is augmented by `Login Attribute`_ below.
    This can commonly be left blank.

.. _LDAP Search Scope:

LDAP Search Scope : required
    This limits how far LDAP will search for a matching object.

    BASE
        Only allows searching of `Base DN`_ and is usually not what you
        want.

    ONELEVEL
        Searches all entries under `Base DN`_, but not Base DN itself.

    SUBTREE
        Searches all entries below `Base DN`_, but not Base DN itself.
        When using SUBTREE `LDAP Filter`_ is useful to limit object
        location.

.. _Login Attribute:

Login Attribute : required
    The LDAP record attribute that will be matched as the USERNAME or
    ACCOUNT used to connect to Kallithea.  This will be added to `LDAP
    Filter`_ for locating the User object.  If `LDAP Filter`_ is specified as
    "LDAPFILTER", `Login Attribute`_ is specified as "uid" and the user has
    connected as "jsmith" then the `LDAP Filter`_ will be augmented as below
    ::

        (&(LDAPFILTER)(uid=jsmith))

.. _ldap_attr_firstname:

First Name Attribute : required
    The LDAP record attribute which represents the user's first name.

.. _ldap_attr_lastname:

Last Name Attribute : required
    The LDAP record attribute which represents the user's last name.

.. _ldap_attr_email:

Email Attribute : required
    The LDAP record attribute which represents the user's email address.

If all data are entered correctly, and python-ldap_ is properly installed
users should be granted access to Kallithea with LDAP accounts.  At this
time user information is copied from LDAP into the Kallithea user database.
This means that updates of an LDAP user object may not be reflected as a
user update in Kallithea.

If You have problems with LDAP access and believe You entered correct
information check out the Kallithea logs, any error messages sent from LDAP
will be saved there.

Active Directory
''''''''''''''''

Kallithea can use Microsoft Active Directory for user authentication.  This
is done through an LDAP or LDAPS connection to Active Directory.  The
following LDAP configuration settings are typical for using Active
Directory ::

 Base DN              = OU=SBSUsers,OU=Users,OU=MyBusiness,DC=v3sys,DC=local
 Login Attribute      = sAMAccountName
 First Name Attribute = givenName
 Last Name Attribute  = sn
 E-mail Attribute     = mail

All other LDAP settings will likely be site-specific and should be
appropriately configured.


Authentication by container or reverse-proxy
--------------------------------------------

Kallithea supports delegating the authentication
of users to its WSGI container, or to a reverse-proxy server through which all
clients access the application.

When these authentication methods are enabled in Kallithea, it uses the
username that the container/proxy (Apache/Nginx/etc) authenticated and doesn't
perform the authentication itself. The authorization, however, is still done by
Kallithea according to its settings.

When a user logs in for the first time using these authentication methods,
a matching user account is created in Kallithea with default permissions. An
administrator can then modify it using Kallithea's admin interface.
It's also possible for an administrator to create accounts and configure their
permissions before the user logs in for the first time.


Container-based authentication
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

In a container-based authentication setup, Kallithea reads the user name from
the ``REMOTE_USER`` server variable provided by the WSGI container.

After setting up your container (see `Apache's WSGI config`_), you'd need
to configure it to require authentication on the location configured for
Kallithea.


Proxy pass-through authentication
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

In a proxy pass-through authentication setup, Kallithea reads the user name
from the ``X-Forwarded-User`` request header, which should be configured to be
sent by the reverse-proxy server.

After setting up your proxy solution (see `Apache virtual host reverse proxy example`_,
`Apache as subdirectory`_ or `Nginx virtual host example`_), you'd need to
configure the authentication and add the username in a request header named
``X-Forwarded-User``.

For example, the following config section for Apache sets a subdirectory in a
reverse-proxy setup with basic auth::

    <Location /<someprefix> >
      ProxyPass http://127.0.0.1:5000/<someprefix>
      ProxyPassReverse http://127.0.0.1:5000/<someprefix>
      SetEnvIf X-Url-Scheme https HTTPS=1

      AuthType Basic
      AuthName "Kallithea authentication"
      AuthUserFile /srv/kallithea/.htpasswd
      require valid-user

      RequestHeader unset X-Forwarded-User

      RewriteEngine On
      RewriteCond %{LA-U:REMOTE_USER} (.+)
      RewriteRule .* - [E=RU:%1]
      RequestHeader set X-Forwarded-User %{RU}e
    </Location>


.. note::
   If you enable proxy pass-through authentication, make sure your server is
   only accessible through the proxy. Otherwise, any client would be able to
   forge the authentication header and could effectively become authenticated
   using any account of their liking.

Integration with Issue trackers
-------------------------------

Kallithea provides a simple integration with issue trackers. It's possible
to define a regular expression that will fetch an issue id stored in a commit
messages and replace that with a URL to the issue. To enable this simply
uncomment the following variables in the ini file::

    issue_pat = (?:^#|\s#)(\w+)
    issue_server_link = https://myissueserver.com/{repo}/issue/{id}
    issue_prefix = #

``issue_pat`` is the regular expression describing which strings in
commit messages will be treated as issue references. A match group in
parentheses should be used to specify the actual issue id.

The default expression matches issues in the format ``#<number>``, e.g., ``#300``.

Matched issues are replaced with the link specified as
``issue_server_link`` ``{id}`` is replaced with issue id, and
``{repo}`` with the repository name.  Since the # is stripped away,
``issue_prefix`` is prepended to the link text.  ``issue_prefix`` doesn't
necessarily need to be ``#``: if you set issue prefix to ``ISSUE-`` this will
generate a URL in the format::

  <a href="https://myissueserver.com/example_repo/issue/300">ISSUE-300</a>

If needed, more than one pattern can be specified by appending a unique suffix to
the variables. For example::

    issue_pat_wiki = (?:wiki-)(.+)
    issue_server_link_wiki = https://mywiki.com/{id}
    issue_prefix_wiki = WIKI-

With these settings, wiki pages can be referenced as wiki-some-id, and every
such reference will be transformed into::

  <a href="https://mywiki.com/some-id">WIKI-some-id</a>


Hook management
---------------

Hooks can be managed in similar way to that used in ``.hgrc`` files.
To access hooks setting click `advanced setup` in the `Hooks` section
of Mercurial Settings in Admin.

There are four built in hooks that cannot be changed (only enabled/disabled by
checkboxes in the previous section).
To add another custom hook simply fill in the first section with
``<name>.<hook_type>`` and the second one with hook path. Example hooks
can be found in ``kallithea.lib.hooks``.


Changing default encoding
-------------------------

By default, Kallithea uses UTF-8 encoding.
This is configurable as ``default_encoding`` in the .ini file.
This affects many parts in Kallithea including user names, filenames, and
encoding of commit messages. In addition Kallithea can detect if the ``chardet``
library is installed. If ``chardet`` is detected Kallithea will fallback to it
when there are encode/decode errors.


Celery configuration
--------------------

Kallithea can use the distributed task queue system Celery_ to run tasks like
cloning repositories or sending mails.

Kallithea will in most setups work perfectly fine out of the box (without
Celery), executing all tasks in the web server process. Some tasks can however
take some time to run and it can be better to run such tasks asynchronously in
a separate process so the web server can focus on serving web requests.

For installation and configuration of Celery, see the `Celery documentation`_.
Note that Celery requires a message broker service like RabbitMQ_ (recommended)
or Redis_.

The use of Celery is configured in the Kallithea ini configuration file.
To enable it, simply set::

  use_celery = true

and add or change the ``celery.*`` and ``broker.*`` configuration variables.

Remember that the ini files use the format with '.' and not with '_' like
Celery. So for example setting `BROKER_HOST` in Celery means setting
`broker.host` in the configuration file.

To start the Celery process, run::

 paster celeryd <configfile.ini>


.. note::
   Make sure you run this command from the same virtualenv, and with the same
   user that Kallithea runs.

HTTPS support
-------------

Kallithea will by default generate URLs based on the WSGI environment.

Alternatively, you can use some special configuration settings to control
directly which scheme/protocol Kallithea will use when generating URLs:

- With ``https_fixup = true``, the scheme will be taken from the ``HTTP_X_URL_SCHEME``,
  ``HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SCHEME`` or ``HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO HTTP`` header (default ``http``).
- With ``force_https = true`` the default will be ``https``.
- With ``use_htsts = true``, it will set ``Strict-Transport-Security`` when using https.

Nginx virtual host example
--------------------------

Sample config for nginx using proxy::

    upstream kallithea {
        server 127.0.0.1:5000;
        # add more instances for load balancing
        #server 127.0.0.1:5001;
        #server 127.0.0.1:5002;
    }

    ## gist alias
    server {
       listen          443;
       server_name     gist.myserver.com;
       access_log      /var/log/nginx/gist.access.log;
       error_log       /var/log/nginx/gist.error.log;

       ssl on;
       ssl_certificate     gist.your.kallithea.server.crt;
       ssl_certificate_key gist.your.kallithea.server.key;

       ssl_session_timeout 5m;

       ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1;
       ssl_ciphers DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:AES256-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:AES128-SHA:RC4-SHA:RC4-MD5;
       ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

       rewrite ^/(.+)$ https://your.kallithea.server/_admin/gists/$1;
       rewrite (.*)    https://your.kallithea.server/_admin/gists;
    }

    server {
       listen          443;
       server_name     your.kallithea.server;
       access_log      /var/log/nginx/kallithea.access.log;
       error_log       /var/log/nginx/kallithea.error.log;

       ssl on;
       ssl_certificate     your.kallithea.server.crt;
       ssl_certificate_key your.kallithea.server.key;

       ssl_session_timeout 5m;

       ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1;
       ssl_ciphers DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:AES256-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:AES128-SHA:RC4-SHA:RC4-MD5;
       ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

       ## uncomment root directive if you want to serve static files by nginx
       ## requires static_files = false in .ini file
       #root /path/to/installation/kallithea/public;
       include         /etc/nginx/proxy.conf;
       location / {
            try_files $uri @kallithea;
       }

       location @kallithea {
            proxy_pass      http://kallithea;
       }

    }

Here's the proxy.conf. It's tuned so it will not timeout on long
pushes or large pushes::

    proxy_redirect              off;
    proxy_set_header            Host $host;
    ## needed for container auth
    #proxy_set_header            REMOTE_USER $remote_user;
    #proxy_set_header            X-Forwarded-User $remote_user;
    proxy_set_header            X-Url-Scheme $scheme;
    proxy_set_header            X-Host $http_host;
    proxy_set_header            X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header            X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header            Proxy-host $proxy_host;
    proxy_buffering             off;
    proxy_connect_timeout       7200;
    proxy_send_timeout          7200;
    proxy_read_timeout          7200;
    proxy_buffers               8 32k;
    client_max_body_size        1024m;
    client_body_buffer_size     128k;
    large_client_header_buffers 8 64k;


Apache virtual host reverse proxy example
-----------------------------------------

Here is a sample configuration file for apache using proxy::

    <VirtualHost *:80>
            ServerName hg.myserver.com
            ServerAlias hg.myserver.com

            <Proxy *>
              Order allow,deny
              Allow from all
            </Proxy>

            #important !
            #Directive to properly generate url (clone url) for pylons
            ProxyPreserveHost On

            #kallithea instance
            ProxyPass / http://127.0.0.1:5000/
            ProxyPassReverse / http://127.0.0.1:5000/

            #to enable https use line below
            #SetEnvIf X-Url-Scheme https HTTPS=1

    </VirtualHost>


Additional tutorial
http://pylonsbook.com/en/1.1/deployment.html#using-apache-to-proxy-requests-to-pylons


Apache as subdirectory
----------------------

Apache subdirectory part::

    <Location /<someprefix> >
      ProxyPass http://127.0.0.1:5000/<someprefix>
      ProxyPassReverse http://127.0.0.1:5000/<someprefix>
      SetEnvIf X-Url-Scheme https HTTPS=1
    </Location>

Besides the regular apache setup you will need to add the following line
into ``[app:main]`` section of your .ini file::

    filter-with = proxy-prefix

Add the following at the end of the .ini file::

    [filter:proxy-prefix]
    use = egg:PasteDeploy#prefix
    prefix = /<someprefix>


then change ``<someprefix>`` into your chosen prefix

Apache's WSGI config
--------------------

Alternatively, Kallithea can be set up with Apache under mod_wsgi. For
that, you'll need to:

- Install mod_wsgi. If using a Debian-based distro, you can install
  the package libapache2-mod-wsgi::

    aptitude install libapache2-mod-wsgi

- Enable mod_wsgi::

    a2enmod wsgi

- Create a wsgi dispatch script, like the one below. Make sure you
  check that the paths correctly point to where you installed Kallithea
  and its Python Virtual Environment.
- Enable the ``WSGIScriptAlias`` directive for the WSGI dispatch script,
  as in the following example. Once again, check the paths are
  correctly specified.

Here is a sample excerpt from an Apache Virtual Host configuration file::

    WSGIDaemonProcess kallithea \
        processes=1 threads=4 \
        python-path=/srv/kallithea/pyenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages
    WSGIScriptAlias / /srv/kallithea/dispatch.wsgi
    WSGIPassAuthorization On

Or if using a dispatcher WSGI script with proper virtualenv activation::

    WSGIDaemonProcess kallithea processes=1 threads=4
    WSGIScriptAlias / /srv/kallithea/dispatch.wsgi
    WSGIPassAuthorization On


.. note::
   When running apache as root, please make sure it doesn't run Kallithea as
   root, for examply by adding: ``user=www-data group=www-data`` to the configuration.

.. note::
   If running Kallithea in multiprocess mode,
   make sure you set ``instance_id = *`` in the configuration so each process
   gets it's own cache invalidation key.


Example WSGI dispatch script::

    import os
    os.environ["HGENCODING"] = "UTF-8"
    os.environ['PYTHON_EGG_CACHE'] = '/srv/kallithea/.egg-cache'

    # sometimes it's needed to set the curent dir
    os.chdir('/srv/kallithea/')

    import site
    site.addsitedir("/srv/kallithea/pyenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages")

    from paste.deploy import loadapp
    from paste.script.util.logging_config import fileConfig

    fileConfig('/srv/kallithea/my.ini')
    application = loadapp('config:/srv/kallithea/my.ini')

Or using proper virtualenv activation::

    activate_this = '/srv/kallithea/venv/bin/activate_this.py'
    execfile(activate_this,dict(__file__=activate_this))

    import os
    os.environ['HOME'] = '/srv/kallithea'

    ini = '/srv/kallithea/kallithea.ini'
    from paste.script.util.logging_config import fileConfig
    fileConfig(ini)
    from paste.deploy import loadapp
    application = loadapp('config:' + ini)


Other configuration files
-------------------------

Some example init.d scripts can be found in the ``init.d`` directory:
https://kallithea-scm.org/repos/kallithea/files/tip/init.d/ .

.. _virtualenv: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/virtualenv
.. _python: http://www.python.org/
.. _Mercurial: http://mercurial.selenic.com/
.. _Celery: http://celeryproject.org/
.. _Celery documentation: http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/index.html
.. _RabbitMQ: http://www.rabbitmq.com/
.. _Redis: http://redis.io/
.. _python-ldap: http://www.python-ldap.org/
.. _mercurial-server: http://www.lshift.net/mercurial-server.html
.. _PublishingRepositories: http://mercurial.selenic.com/wiki/PublishingRepositories