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1 | 1 | """caching_query.py |
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2 | 2 | |
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3 | 3 | Represent persistence structures which allow the usage of |
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4 | 4 | Beaker caching with SQLAlchemy. |
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5 | 5 | |
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6 | 6 | The three new concepts introduced here are: |
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7 | 7 | |
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8 | 8 | * CachingQuery - a Query subclass that caches and |
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9 | 9 | retrieves results in/from Beaker. |
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10 | 10 | * FromCache - a query option that establishes caching |
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11 | 11 | parameters on a Query |
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12 | 12 | * RelationshipCache - a variant of FromCache which is specific |
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13 | 13 | to a query invoked during a lazy load. |
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14 | 14 | * _params_from_query - extracts value parameters from |
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15 | 15 | a Query. |
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16 | 16 | |
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17 | 17 | The rest of what's here are standard SQLAlchemy and |
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18 | 18 | Beaker constructs. |
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19 | 19 | |
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20 | 20 | """ |
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21 | 21 | import beaker |
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22 | 22 | from beaker.exceptions import BeakerException |
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23 | 23 | |
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24 | 24 | from sqlalchemy.orm.interfaces import MapperOption |
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25 | 25 | from sqlalchemy.orm.query import Query |
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26 | 26 | from sqlalchemy.sql import visitors |
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27 | 27 | |
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28 | 28 | |
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29 | 29 | class CachingQuery(Query): |
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30 | 30 | """A Query subclass which optionally loads full results from a Beaker |
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31 | 31 | cache region. |
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32 | 32 | |
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33 | 33 | The CachingQuery stores additional state that allows it to consult |
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34 | 34 | a Beaker cache before accessing the database: |
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35 | 35 | |
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36 | 36 | * A "region", which is a cache region argument passed to a |
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37 | 37 | Beaker CacheManager, specifies a particular cache configuration |
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38 | 38 | (including backend implementation, expiration times, etc.) |
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39 | 39 | * A "namespace", which is a qualifying name that identifies a |
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40 | 40 | group of keys within the cache. A query that filters on a name |
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41 | 41 | might use the name "by_name", a query that filters on a date range |
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42 | 42 | to a joined table might use the name "related_date_range". |
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43 | 43 | |
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44 | 44 | When the above state is present, a Beaker cache is retrieved. |
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45 | 45 | |
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46 | 46 | The "namespace" name is first concatenated with |
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47 | 47 | a string composed of the individual entities and columns the Query |
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48 | 48 | requests, i.e. such as ``Query(User.id, User.name)``. |
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49 | 49 | |
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50 | 50 | The Beaker cache is then loaded from the cache manager based |
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51 | 51 | on the region and composed namespace. The key within the cache |
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52 | 52 | itself is then constructed against the bind parameters specified |
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53 | 53 | by this query, which are usually literals defined in the |
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54 | 54 | WHERE clause. |
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55 | 55 | |
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56 | 56 | The FromCache and RelationshipCache mapper options below represent |
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57 | 57 | the "public" method of configuring this state upon the CachingQuery. |
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58 | 58 | |
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59 | 59 | """ |
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60 | 60 | |
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61 | 61 | def __init__(self, manager, *args, **kw): |
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62 | 62 | self.cache_manager = manager |
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63 | 63 | Query.__init__(self, *args, **kw) |
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64 | 64 | |
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65 | 65 | def __iter__(self): |
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66 | 66 | """override __iter__ to pull results from Beaker |
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67 | 67 | if particular attributes have been configured. |
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68 | 68 | |
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69 | 69 | Note that this approach does *not* detach the loaded objects from |
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70 | 70 | the current session. If the cache backend is an in-process cache |
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71 | 71 | (like "memory") and lives beyond the scope of the current session's |
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72 | 72 | transaction, those objects may be expired. The method here can be |
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73 | 73 | modified to first expunge() each loaded item from the current |
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74 | 74 | session before returning the list of items, so that the items |
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75 | 75 | in the cache are not the same ones in the current Session. |
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76 | 76 | |
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77 | 77 | """ |
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78 | 78 | if hasattr(self, '_cache_parameters'): |
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79 | 79 | return self.get_value(createfunc=lambda: |
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80 | 80 | list(Query.__iter__(self))) |
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81 | 81 | else: |
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82 | 82 | return Query.__iter__(self) |
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83 | 83 | |
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84 | 84 | def invalidate(self): |
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85 | 85 | """Invalidate the value represented by this Query.""" |
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86 | 86 | |
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87 | 87 | cache, cache_key = _get_cache_parameters(self) |
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88 | 88 | cache.remove(cache_key) |
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89 | 89 | |
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90 | 90 | def get_value(self, merge=True, createfunc=None): |
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91 | 91 | """Return the value from the cache for this query. |
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92 | 92 | |
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93 | 93 | Raise KeyError if no value present and no |
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94 | 94 | createfunc specified. |
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95 | 95 | |
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96 | 96 | """ |
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97 | 97 | cache, cache_key = _get_cache_parameters(self) |
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98 | 98 | ret = cache.get_value(cache_key, createfunc=createfunc) |
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99 | 99 | if merge: |
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100 | 100 | ret = self.merge_result(ret, load=False) |
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101 | 101 | return ret |
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102 | 102 | |
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103 | 103 | def set_value(self, value): |
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104 | 104 | """Set the value in the cache for this query.""" |
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105 | 105 | |
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106 | 106 | cache, cache_key = _get_cache_parameters(self) |
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107 | 107 | cache.put(cache_key, value) |
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108 | 108 | |
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109 | 109 | |
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110 | 110 | def query_callable(manager, query_cls=CachingQuery): |
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111 | 111 | def query(*arg, **kw): |
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112 | 112 | return query_cls(manager, *arg, **kw) |
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113 | 113 | return query |
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114 | 114 | |
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115 | 115 | |
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116 | 116 | def get_cache_region(name, region): |
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117 | 117 | if region not in beaker.cache.cache_regions: |
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118 | 118 | raise BeakerException('Cache region `%s` not configured ' |
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119 | 119 | 'Check if proper cache settings are in the .ini files' % region) |
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120 | 120 | kw = beaker.cache.cache_regions[region] |
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121 | 121 | return beaker.cache.Cache._get_cache(name, kw) |
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122 | 122 | |
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123 | 123 | |
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124 | 124 | def _get_cache_parameters(query): |
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125 | 125 | """For a query with cache_region and cache_namespace configured, |
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126 | 126 | return the correspoinding Cache instance and cache key, based |
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127 | 127 | on this query's current criterion and parameter values. |
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128 | 128 | |
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129 | 129 | """ |
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130 | 130 | if not hasattr(query, '_cache_parameters'): |
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131 | 131 | raise ValueError("This Query does not have caching " |
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132 | 132 | "parameters configured.") |
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133 | 133 | |
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134 | 134 | region, namespace, cache_key = query._cache_parameters |
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135 | 135 | |
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136 | 136 | namespace = _namespace_from_query(namespace, query) |
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137 | 137 | |
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138 | 138 | if cache_key is None: |
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139 | 139 | # cache key - the value arguments from this query's parameters. |
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140 | 140 | args = _params_from_query(query) |
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141 | 141 | cache_key = " ".join([str(x) for x in args]) |
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142 | 142 | |
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143 | 143 | # get cache |
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144 | 144 | #cache = query.cache_manager.get_cache_region(namespace, region) |
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145 | 145 | cache = get_cache_region(namespace, region) |
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146 | 146 | # optional - hash the cache_key too for consistent length |
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147 | 147 | # import uuid |
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148 | 148 | # cache_key= str(uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, cache_key)) |
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149 | 149 | |
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150 | 150 | return cache, cache_key |
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151 | 151 | |
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152 | 152 | |
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153 | 153 | def _namespace_from_query(namespace, query): |
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154 | 154 | # cache namespace - the token handed in by the |
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155 | 155 | # option + class we're querying against |
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156 | 156 | namespace = " ".join([namespace] + [str(x) for x in query._entities]) |
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157 | 157 | |
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158 | 158 | # memcached wants this |
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159 | 159 | namespace = namespace.replace(' ', '_') |
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160 | 160 | |
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161 | 161 | return namespace |
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162 | 162 | |
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163 | 163 | |
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164 | 164 | def _set_cache_parameters(query, region, namespace, cache_key): |
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165 | 165 | |
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166 | 166 | if hasattr(query, '_cache_parameters'): |
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167 | 167 | region, namespace, cache_key = query._cache_parameters |
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168 | 168 | raise ValueError("This query is already configured " |
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169 | 169 | "for region %r namespace %r" % |
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170 | 170 | (region, namespace) |
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171 | 171 | ) |
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172 | 172 | query._cache_parameters = region, namespace, cache_key |
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173 | 173 | |
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174 | 174 | |
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175 | 175 | class FromCache(MapperOption): |
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176 | 176 | """Specifies that a Query should load results from a cache.""" |
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177 | 177 | |
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178 | 178 | propagate_to_loaders = False |
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179 | 179 | |
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180 | 180 | def __init__(self, region, namespace, cache_key=None): |
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181 | 181 | """Construct a new FromCache. |
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182 | 182 | |
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183 | 183 | :param region: the cache region. Should be a |
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184 | 184 | region configured in the Beaker CacheManager. |
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185 | 185 | |
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186 | 186 | :param namespace: the cache namespace. Should |
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187 | 187 | be a name uniquely describing the target Query's |
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188 | 188 | lexical structure. |
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189 | 189 | |
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190 | 190 | :param cache_key: optional. A string cache key |
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191 | 191 | that will serve as the key to the query. Use this |
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192 | 192 | if your query has a huge amount of parameters (such |
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193 | 193 | as when using in_()) which correspond more simply to |
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194 | 194 | some other identifier. |
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195 | 195 | |
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196 | 196 | """ |
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197 | 197 | self.region = region |
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198 | 198 | self.namespace = namespace |
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199 | 199 | self.cache_key = cache_key |
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200 | 200 | |
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201 | 201 | def process_query(self, query): |
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202 | 202 | """Process a Query during normal loading operation.""" |
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203 | 203 | |
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204 | 204 | _set_cache_parameters(query, self.region, self.namespace, |
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205 | 205 | self.cache_key) |
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206 | 206 | |
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207 | 207 | |
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208 | 208 | class RelationshipCache(MapperOption): |
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209 | 209 | """Specifies that a Query as called within a "lazy load" |
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210 | 210 | should load results from a cache.""" |
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211 | 211 | |
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212 | 212 | propagate_to_loaders = True |
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213 | 213 | |
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214 | 214 | def __init__(self, region, namespace, attribute): |
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215 | 215 | """Construct a new RelationshipCache. |
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216 | 216 | |
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217 | 217 | :param region: the cache region. Should be a |
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218 | 218 | region configured in the Beaker CacheManager. |
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219 | 219 | |
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220 | 220 | :param namespace: the cache namespace. Should |
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221 | 221 | be a name uniquely describing the target Query's |
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222 | 222 | lexical structure. |
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223 | 223 | |
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224 | 224 | :param attribute: A Class.attribute which |
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225 | 225 | indicates a particular class relationship() whose |
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226 | 226 | lazy loader should be pulled from the cache. |
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227 | 227 | |
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228 | 228 | """ |
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229 | 229 | self.region = region |
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230 | 230 | self.namespace = namespace |
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231 | 231 | self._relationship_options = { |
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232 | 232 | (attribute.property.parent.class_, attribute.property.key): self |
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233 | 233 | } |
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234 | 234 | |
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235 | 235 | def process_query_conditionally(self, query): |
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236 | 236 | """Process a Query that is used within a lazy loader. |
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237 | 237 | |
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238 | 238 | (the process_query_conditionally() method is a SQLAlchemy |
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239 | 239 | hook invoked only within lazyload.) |
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240 | 240 | |
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241 | 241 | """ |
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242 | 242 | if query._current_path: |
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243 | 243 | mapper, key = query._current_path[-2:] |
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244 | 244 | |
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245 | 245 | for cls in mapper.class_.__mro__: |
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246 | 246 | if (cls, key) in self._relationship_options: |
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247 | 247 | relationship_option = \ |
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248 | 248 | self._relationship_options[(cls, key)] |
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249 | 249 | _set_cache_parameters( |
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250 | 250 | query, |
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251 | 251 | relationship_option.region, |
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252 | 252 | relationship_option.namespace, |
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253 | 253 | None) |
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254 | 254 | |
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255 | 255 | def and_(self, option): |
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256 | 256 | """Chain another RelationshipCache option to this one. |
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257 | 257 | |
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258 | 258 | While many RelationshipCache objects can be specified on a single |
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259 | 259 | Query separately, chaining them together allows for a more efficient |
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260 | 260 | lookup during load. |
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261 | 261 | |
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262 | 262 | """ |
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263 | 263 | self._relationship_options.update(option._relationship_options) |
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264 | 264 | return self |
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265 | 265 | |
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266 | 266 | |
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267 | 267 | def _params_from_query(query): |
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268 | 268 | """Pull the bind parameter values from a query. |
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269 | 269 | |
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270 | 270 | This takes into account any scalar attribute bindparam set up. |
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271 | 271 | |
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272 | 272 | E.g. params_from_query(query.filter(Cls.foo==5).filter(Cls.bar==7))) |
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273 | 273 | would return [5, 7]. |
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274 | 274 | |
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275 | 275 | """ |
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276 | 276 | v = [] |
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277 | 277 | def visit_bindparam(bind): |
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278 | 278 | value = query._params.get(bind.key, bind.value) |
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279 | ||
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279 | 280 | # lazyloader may dig a callable in here, intended |
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280 | 281 | # to late-evaluate params after autoflush is called. |
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281 | 282 | # convert to a scalar value. |
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282 | 283 | if callable(value): |
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283 | 284 | value = value() |
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284 | 285 | |
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285 | 286 | v.append(value) |
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286 | 287 | if query._criterion is not None: |
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287 | 288 | visitors.traverse(query._criterion, {}, {'bindparam':visit_bindparam}) |
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288 | for f in query._from_obj: | |
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289 | visitors.traverse(f, {}, {'bindparam':visit_bindparam}) | |
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290 | 289 | return v |
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