diff --git a/mercurial/linelog.py b/mercurial/linelog.py
--- a/mercurial/linelog.py
+++ b/mercurial/linelog.py
@@ -360,13 +360,15 @@ class linelog(object):
     def annotate(self, rev):
         pc = 1
         lines = []
-        # Sanity check: if len(lines) is longer than len(program), we
+        executed = 0
+        # Sanity check: if instructions executed exceeds len(program), we
         # hit an infinite loop in the linelog program somehow and we
         # should stop.
-        while pc is not None and len(lines) < len(self._program):
+        while pc is not None and executed < len(self._program):
             inst = self._program[pc]
             lastpc = pc
             pc = inst.execute(rev, pc, lines.append)
+            executed += 1
         if pc is not None:
             raise LineLogError(
                 'Probably hit an infinite loop in linelog. Program:\n' +
diff --git a/tests/test-linelog.py b/tests/test-linelog.py
--- a/tests/test-linelog.py
+++ b/tests/test-linelog.py
@@ -179,6 +179,15 @@ class linelogtests(unittest.TestCase):
             ar = ll.annotate(rev)
             self.assertEqual([(l.rev, l.linenum) for l in ar], lines)
 
+    def testinfinitebadprogram(self):
+        ll = linelog.linelog.fromdata(
+            b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02'  # header
+            b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01'  # JUMP to self
+        )
+        with self.assertRaises(linelog.LineLogError):
+            # should not be an infinite loop and raise
+            ll.annotate(1)
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     import silenttestrunner
     silenttestrunner.main(__name__)