diff --git a/rust/hg-pyo3/src/ancestors.rs b/rust/hg-pyo3/src/ancestors.rs
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust/hg-pyo3/src/ancestors.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// ancestors.rs
+//
+// Copyright 2024 Georges Racinet <georges.racinet@cloudcrane.io>
+//
+// This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
+// GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
+
+//! Bindings for the `hg::ancestors` module provided by the
+//! `hg-core` crate. From Python, this will be seen as `pyo3_rustext.ancestor`
+//! and can be used as replacement for the the pure `ancestor` Python module.
+use cpython::UnsafePyLeaked;
+use pyo3::prelude::*;
+
+use std::sync::RwLock;
+
+use vcsgraph::lazy_ancestors::AncestorsIterator as VCGAncestorsIterator;
+
+use crate::convert_cpython::{
+    proxy_index_extract, proxy_index_py_leak, py_leaked_borrow_mut,
+    py_leaked_or_map_err,
+};
+use crate::exceptions::{map_lock_error, GraphError};
+use crate::revision::{rev_pyiter_collect, PyRevision};
+use crate::util::new_submodule;
+use rusthg::revlog::PySharedIndex;
+
+#[pyclass]
+struct AncestorsIterator {
+    inner: RwLock<UnsafePyLeaked<VCGAncestorsIterator<PySharedIndex>>>,
+}
+
+#[pymethods]
+impl AncestorsIterator {
+    #[new]
+    fn new(
+        index_proxy: &Bound<'_, PyAny>,
+        initrevs: &Bound<'_, PyAny>,
+        stoprev: PyRevision,
+        inclusive: bool,
+    ) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        // Safety: we don't leak the "faked" reference out of
+        // `UnsafePyLeaked`
+        let initvec: Vec<_> = {
+            let borrowed_idx = unsafe { proxy_index_extract(index_proxy)? };
+            rev_pyiter_collect(initrevs, borrowed_idx)?
+        };
+        let (py, leaked_idx) = proxy_index_py_leak(index_proxy)?;
+        let res_ait = unsafe {
+            leaked_idx.map(py, |idx| {
+                VCGAncestorsIterator::new(
+                    idx,
+                    initvec.into_iter().map(|r| r.0),
+                    stoprev.0,
+                    inclusive,
+                )
+            })
+        };
+        let ait =
+            py_leaked_or_map_err(py, res_ait, GraphError::from_vcsgraph)?;
+        let inner = ait.into();
+        Ok(Self { inner })
+    }
+
+    fn __iter__(slf: PyRef<'_, Self>) -> PyRef<'_, Self> {
+        slf
+    }
+
+    fn __next__(slf: PyRefMut<'_, Self>) -> PyResult<Option<PyRevision>> {
+        let mut leaked = slf.inner.write().map_err(map_lock_error)?;
+        // Safety: we don't leak the inner 'static ref out of UnsafePyLeaked
+        let mut inner = unsafe { py_leaked_borrow_mut(&slf, &mut leaked)? };
+        match inner.next() {
+            Some(Err(e)) => Err(GraphError::from_vcsgraph(e)),
+            None => Ok(None),
+            Some(Ok(r)) => Ok(Some(PyRevision(r))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn init_module<'py>(
+    py: Python<'py>,
+    package: &str,
+) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyModule>> {
+    let m = new_submodule(py, package, "ancestor")?;
+    m.add_class::<AncestorsIterator>()?;
+    Ok(m)
+}
diff --git a/rust/hg-pyo3/src/convert_cpython.rs b/rust/hg-pyo3/src/convert_cpython.rs
--- a/rust/hg-pyo3/src/convert_cpython.rs
+++ b/rust/hg-pyo3/src/convert_cpython.rs
@@ -263,7 +263,6 @@ pub(crate) unsafe fn py_leaked_borrow_mu
 /// This would spare users of the `cpython` crate the additional `unsafe` deref
 /// to inspect the error and return it outside `UnsafePyLeaked`, and the
 /// subsequent unwrapping that this function performs.
-#[allow(dead_code)]
 pub(crate) fn py_leaked_or_map_err<T, E: std::fmt::Debug + Copy>(
     py: cpython::Python,
     leaked: cpython::UnsafePyLeaked<Result<T, E>>,
diff --git a/rust/hg-pyo3/src/exceptions.rs b/rust/hg-pyo3/src/exceptions.rs
--- a/rust/hg-pyo3/src/exceptions.rs
+++ b/rust/hg-pyo3/src/exceptions.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use pyo3::exceptions::PyValueError;
+use pyo3::exceptions::{PyRuntimeError, PyValueError};
 use pyo3::import_exception;
 use pyo3::{create_exception, PyErr};
 
@@ -32,3 +32,7 @@ impl GraphError {
         }
     }
 }
+
+pub fn map_lock_error<T>(e: std::sync::PoisonError<T>) -> PyErr {
+    PyRuntimeError::new_err(format!("In Rust PyO3 bindings: {e}"))
+}
diff --git a/rust/hg-pyo3/src/lib.rs b/rust/hg-pyo3/src/lib.rs
--- a/rust/hg-pyo3/src/lib.rs
+++ b/rust/hg-pyo3/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
 
+mod ancestors;
 mod convert_cpython;
 mod dagops;
 mod exceptions;
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ fn pyo3_rustext(py: Python<'_>, m: &Boun
     let name: String = m.getattr("__name__")?.extract()?;
     let dotted_name = format!("mercurial.{}", name);
 
+    m.add_submodule(&ancestors::init_module(py, &dotted_name)?)?;
     m.add_submodule(&dagops::init_module(py, &dotted_name)?)?;
     m.add("GraphError", py.get_type::<exceptions::GraphError>())?;
     Ok(())