diff --git a/mercurial/ui.py b/mercurial/ui.py
--- a/mercurial/ui.py
+++ b/mercurial/ui.py
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ from . import (
     encoding,
     error,
     formatter,
+    loggingutil,
     progress,
     pycompat,
     rcutil,
@@ -490,6 +491,14 @@ class ui(object):
             self._trustusers.update(self.configlist('trusted', 'users'))
             self._trustgroups.update(self.configlist('trusted', 'groups'))
 
+        if section in (None, b'devel', b'ui') and self.debugflag:
+            tracked = set()
+            if self.configbool(b'devel', b'debug.extensions'):
+                tracked.add(b'extension')
+            if tracked:
+                logger = loggingutil.fileobjectlogger(self._ferr, tracked)
+                self.setlogger(b'debug', logger)
+
     def backupconfig(self, section, item):
         return (self._ocfg.backup(section, item),
                 self._tcfg.backup(section, item),