diff --git a/mercurial/help/config.txt b/mercurial/help/config.txt
--- a/mercurial/help/config.txt
+++ b/mercurial/help/config.txt
@@ -976,6 +976,8 @@ is treated as a failure.
 ``hostfingerprints``
 --------------------
 
+(Deprecated. Use ``[hostsecurity]``'s ``fingerprints`` options instead.)
+
 Fingerprints of the certificates of known HTTPS servers.
 
 A HTTPS connection to a server with a fingerprint configured here will
@@ -995,6 +997,39 @@ For example::
     hg.intevation.de = fc:e2:8d:d9:51:cd:cb:c1:4d:18:6b:b7:44:8d:49:72:57:e6:cd:33
     hg.intevation.org = fc:e2:8d:d9:51:cd:cb:c1:4d:18:6b:b7:44:8d:49:72:57:e6:cd:33
 
+``hostsecurity``
+----------------
+
+Used to specify per-host security settings.
+
+Options in this section have the form ``hostname``:``setting``. This allows
+multiple settings to be defined on a per-host basis.
+
+The following per-host settings can be defined.
+
+``fingerprints``
+    A list of hashes of the DER encoded peer/remote certificate. Values have
+    the form ``algorithm``:``fingerprint``. e.g.
+    ``sha256:c3ab8ff13720e8ad9047dd39466b3c8974e592c2fa383d4a3960714caef0c4f2``.
+
+    The following algorithms/prefixes are supported: ``sha1``, ``sha256``,
+    ``sha512``.
+
+    Use of ``sha256`` or ``sha512`` is preferred.
+
+    If a fingerprint is specified, the CA chain is not validated for this
+    host and Mercurial will require the remote certificate to match one
+    of the fingerprints specified. This means if the server updates its
+    certificate, Mercurial will abort until a new fingerprint is defined.
+    This can provide stronger security than traditional CA-based validation
+    at the expense of convenience.
+
+For example::
+
+    [hostsecurity]
+    hg.example.com:fingerprints = sha256:c3ab8ff13720e8ad9047dd39466b3c8974e592c2fa383d4a3960714caef0c4f2
+    hg2.example.com:fingerprints = sha1:914f1aff87249c09b6859b88b1906d30756491ca, sha1:fc:e2:8d:d9:51:cd:cb:c1:4d:18:6b:b7:44:8d:49:72:57:e6:cd:33
+
 ``http_proxy``
 --------------
 
diff --git a/mercurial/sslutil.py b/mercurial/sslutil.py
--- a/mercurial/sslutil.py
+++ b/mercurial/sslutil.py
@@ -121,6 +121,21 @@ def _hostsettings(ui, hostname):
         'verifymode': None,
     }
 
+    # Look for fingerprints in [hostsecurity] section. Value is a list
+    # of <alg>:<fingerprint> strings.
+    fingerprints = ui.configlist('hostsecurity', '%s:fingerprints' % hostname,
+                                 [])
+    for fingerprint in fingerprints:
+        if not (fingerprint.startswith(('sha1:', 'sha256:', 'sha512:'))):
+            raise error.Abort(_('invalid fingerprint for %s: %s') % (
+                                hostname, fingerprint),
+                              hint=_('must begin with "sha1:", "sha256:", '
+                                     'or "sha512:"'))
+
+        alg, fingerprint = fingerprint.split(':', 1)
+        fingerprint = fingerprint.replace(':', '').lower()
+        s['certfingerprints'].append((alg, fingerprint))
+
     # Fingerprints from [hostfingerprints] are always SHA-1.
     for fingerprint in ui.configlist('hostfingerprints', hostname, []):
         fingerprint = fingerprint.replace(':', '').lower()
diff --git a/tests/test-https.t b/tests/test-https.t
--- a/tests/test-https.t
+++ b/tests/test-https.t
@@ -282,18 +282,31 @@ Test server cert which no longer is vali
 
 Fingerprints
 
-- works without cacerts
+- works without cacerts (hostkeyfingerprints)
   $ hg -R copy-pull id https://localhost:$HGPORT/ --insecure --config hostfingerprints.localhost=91:4f:1a:ff:87:24:9c:09:b6:85:9b:88:b1:90:6d:30:75:64:91:ca
   5fed3813f7f5
 
+- works without cacerts (hostsecurity)
+  $ hg -R copy-pull id https://localhost:$HGPORT/ --config hostsecurity.localhost:fingerprints=sha1:914f1aff87249c09b6859b88b1906d30756491ca
+  5fed3813f7f5
+
+  $ hg -R copy-pull id https://localhost:$HGPORT/ --config hostsecurity.localhost:fingerprints=sha256:62:09:97:2f:97:60:e3:65:8f:12:5d:78:9e:35:a1:36:7a:65:4b:0e:9f:ac:db:c3:bc:6e:b6:a3:c0:16:e0:30
+  5fed3813f7f5
+
 - multiple fingerprints specified and first matches
   $ hg --config 'hostfingerprints.localhost=914f1aff87249c09b6859b88b1906d30756491ca, deadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeef' -R copy-pull id https://localhost:$HGPORT/ --insecure
   5fed3813f7f5
 
+  $ hg --config 'hostsecurity.localhost:fingerprints=sha1:914f1aff87249c09b6859b88b1906d30756491ca, sha1:deadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeef' -R copy-pull id https://localhost:$HGPORT/
+  5fed3813f7f5
+
 - multiple fingerprints specified and last matches
   $ hg --config 'hostfingerprints.localhost=deadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeef, 914f1aff87249c09b6859b88b1906d30756491ca' -R copy-pull id https://localhost:$HGPORT/ --insecure
   5fed3813f7f5
 
+  $ hg --config 'hostsecurity.localhost:fingerprints=sha1:deadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeef, sha1:914f1aff87249c09b6859b88b1906d30756491ca' -R copy-pull id https://localhost:$HGPORT/
+  5fed3813f7f5
+
 - multiple fingerprints specified and none match
 
   $ hg --config 'hostfingerprints.localhost=deadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeef, aeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeef' -R copy-pull id https://localhost:$HGPORT/ --insecure
@@ -301,6 +314,11 @@ Fingerprints
   (check hostfingerprint configuration)
   [255]
 
+  $ hg --config 'hostsecurity.localhost:fingerprints=sha1:deadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeef, sha1:aeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeef' -R copy-pull id https://localhost:$HGPORT/
+  abort: certificate for localhost has unexpected fingerprint 91:4f:1a:ff:87:24:9c:09:b6:85:9b:88:b1:90:6d:30:75:64:91:ca
+  (check hostfingerprint configuration)
+  [255]
+
 - fails when cert doesn't match hostname (port is ignored)
   $ hg -R copy-pull id https://localhost:$HGPORT1/ --config hostfingerprints.localhost=914f1aff87249c09b6859b88b1906d30756491ca
   abort: certificate for localhost has unexpected fingerprint 28:ff:71:bf:65:31:14:23:ad:62:92:b4:0e:31:99:18:fc:83:e3:9b