commands: optional options where possible

This makes life a lot easier on API users.

mercurial/commands.py

@@ -1,3342 +1,3342 b''
 # commands.py - command processing for mercurial
 #
 # Copyright 2005-2007 Matt Mackall <[e-mail]>
 #
 # This software may be used and distributed according to the terms
 # of the GNU General Public License, incorporated herein by reference.
 
 from node import hex, nullid, nullrev, short
 from repo import RepoError, NoCapability
 from i18n import _, gettext
 import os, re, sys, urllib
 import hg, util, revlog, bundlerepo, extensions, copies
 import difflib, patch, time, help, mdiff, tempfile
 import version, socket
 import archival, changegroup, cmdutil, hgweb.server, sshserver, hbisect
 import merge as merge_
 
 # Commands start here, listed alphabetically
 
 def add(ui, repo, *pats, **opts):
     """add the specified files on the next commit
 
     Schedule files to be version controlled and added to the repository.
 
     The files will be added to the repository at the next commit. To
     undo an add before that, see hg revert.
 
     If no names are given, add all files in the repository.
     """
 
     rejected = None
     exacts = {}
     names = []
     m = cmdutil.match(repo, pats, opts)
     m.bad = lambda x,y: True
     for abs in repo.walk(m):
         if m.exact(abs):
             if ui.verbose:
                 ui.status(_('adding %s\n') % m.rel(abs))
             names.append(abs)
             exacts[abs] = 1
         elif abs not in repo.dirstate:
             ui.status(_('adding %s\n') % m.rel(abs))
             names.append(abs)
     if not opts.get('dry_run'):
         rejected = repo.add(names)
         rejected = [p for p in rejected if p in exacts]
     return rejected and 1 or 0
 
 def addremove(ui, repo, *pats, **opts):
     """add all new files, delete all missing files
 
     Add all new files and remove all missing files from the repository.
 
     New files are ignored if they match any of the patterns in .hgignore. As
     with add, these changes take effect at the next commit.
 
     Use the -s option to detect renamed files. With a parameter > 0,
     this compares every removed file with every added file and records
     those similar enough as renames. This option takes a percentage
     between 0 (disabled) and 100 (files must be identical) as its
     parameter. Detecting renamed files this way can be expensive.
     """
     try:
         sim = float(opts.get('similarity') or 0)
     except ValueError:
         raise util.Abort(_('similarity must be a number'))
     if sim < 0 or sim > 100:
         raise util.Abort(_('similarity must be between 0 and 100'))
     return cmdutil.addremove(repo, pats, opts, similarity=sim/100.)
 
 def annotate(ui, repo, *pats, **opts):
     """show changeset information per file line
 
     List changes in files, showing the revision id responsible for each line
 
     This command is useful to discover who did a change or when a change took
     place.
 
     Without the -a option, annotate will avoid processing files it
     detects as binary. With -a, annotate will generate an annotation
     anyway, probably with undesirable results.
     """
     datefunc = ui.quiet and util.shortdate or util.datestr
     getdate = util.cachefunc(lambda x: datefunc(x[0].date()))
 
     if not pats:
         raise util.Abort(_('at least one file name or pattern required'))
 
     opmap = [('user', lambda x: ui.shortuser(x[0].user())),
              ('number', lambda x: str(x[0].rev())),
              ('changeset', lambda x: short(x[0].node())),
              ('date', getdate),
              ('follow', lambda x: x[0].path()),
             ]
 
-    if (not opts['user'] and not opts['changeset'] and not opts['date']
-        and not opts['follow']):
+    if (not opts.get('user') and not opts.get('changeset') and not opts.get('date')
+        and not opts.get('follow')):
         opts['number'] = 1
 
     linenumber = opts.get('line_number') is not None
-    if (linenumber and (not opts['changeset']) and (not opts['number'])):
+    if (linenumber and (not opts.get('changeset')) and (not opts.get('number'))):
         raise util.Abort(_('at least one of -n/-c is required for -l'))
 
     funcmap = [func for op, func in opmap if opts.get(op)]
     if linenumber:
         lastfunc = funcmap[-1]
         funcmap[-1] = lambda x: "%s:%s" % (lastfunc(x), x[1])
 
-    ctx = repo[opts['rev']]
+    ctx = repo[opts.get('rev')]
 
     m = cmdutil.match(repo, pats, opts)
     for abs in ctx.walk(m):
         fctx = ctx[abs]
-        if not opts['text'] and util.binary(fctx.data()):
+        if not opts.get('text') and util.binary(fctx.data()):
             ui.write(_("%s: binary file\n") % ((pats and m.rel(abs)) or abs))
             continue
 
         lines = fctx.annotate(follow=opts.get('follow'),
                               linenumber=linenumber)
         pieces = []
 
         for f in funcmap:
             l = [f(n) for n, dummy in lines]
             if l:
                 ml = max(map(len, l))
                 pieces.append(["%*s" % (ml, x) for x in l])
 
         if pieces:
             for p, l in zip(zip(*pieces), lines):
                 ui.write("%s: %s" % (" ".join(p), l[1]))
 
 def archive(ui, repo, dest, **opts):
     '''create unversioned archive of a repository revision
 
     By default, the revision used is the parent of the working
     directory; use "-r" to specify a different revision.
 
     To specify the type of archive to create, use "-t". Valid
     types are:
 
     "files" (default): a directory full of files
     "tar": tar archive, uncompressed
     "tbz2": tar archive, compressed using bzip2
     "tgz": tar archive, compressed using gzip
     "uzip": zip archive, uncompressed
     "zip": zip archive, compressed using deflate
 
     The exact name of the destination archive or directory is given
     using a format string; see "hg help export" for details.
 
     Each member added to an archive file has a directory prefix
     prepended. Use "-p" to specify a format string for the prefix.
     The default is the basename of the archive, with suffixes removed.
     '''
 
-    ctx = repo[opts['rev']]
+    ctx = repo[opts.get('rev')]
     if not ctx:
         raise util.Abort(_('repository has no revisions'))
     node = ctx.node()
     dest = cmdutil.make_filename(repo, dest, node)
     if os.path.realpath(dest) == repo.root:
         raise util.Abort(_('repository root cannot be destination'))
     matchfn = cmdutil.match(repo, [], opts)
     kind = opts.get('type') or 'files'
-    prefix = opts['prefix']
+    prefix = opts.get('prefix')
     if dest == '-':
         if kind == 'files':
             raise util.Abort(_('cannot archive plain files to stdout'))
         dest = sys.stdout
         if not prefix: prefix = os.path.basename(repo.root) + '-%h'
     prefix = cmdutil.make_filename(repo, prefix, node)
-    archival.archive(repo, dest, node, kind, not opts['no_decode'],
+    archival.archive(repo, dest, node, kind, not opts.get('no_decode'),
                      matchfn, prefix)
 
 def backout(ui, repo, node=None, rev=None, **opts):
     '''reverse effect of earlier changeset
 
     Commit the backed out changes as a new changeset. The new
     changeset is a child of the backed out changeset.
 
     If you back out a changeset other than the tip, a new head is
     created. This head will be the new tip and you should merge this
     backout changeset with another head (current one by default).
 
     The --merge option remembers the parent of the working directory
     before starting the backout, then merges the new head with that
     changeset afterwards. This saves you from doing the merge by
     hand. The result of this merge is not committed, as for a normal
     merge.
 
     See \'hg help dates\' for a list of formats valid for -d/--date.
     '''
     if rev and node:
         raise util.Abort(_("please specify just one revision"))
 
     if not rev:
         rev = node
 
     if not rev:
         raise util.Abort(_("please specify a revision to backout"))
 
     date = opts.get('date')
     if date:
         opts['date'] = util.parsedate(date)
 
     cmdutil.bail_if_changed(repo)
     node = repo.lookup(rev)
 
     op1, op2 = repo.dirstate.parents()
     a = repo.changelog.ancestor(op1, node)
     if a != node:
         raise util.Abort(_('cannot back out change on a different branch'))
 
     p1, p2 = repo.changelog.parents(node)
     if p1 == nullid:
         raise util.Abort(_('cannot back out a change with no parents'))
     if p2 != nullid:
-        if not opts['parent']:
+        if not opts.get('parent'):
             raise util.Abort(_('cannot back out a merge changeset without '
                                '--parent'))
         p = repo.lookup(opts['parent'])
         if p not in (p1, p2):
             raise util.Abort(_('%s is not a parent of %s') %
                              (short(p), short(node)))
         parent = p
     else:
-        if opts['parent']:
+        if opts.get('parent'):
             raise util.Abort(_('cannot use --parent on non-merge changeset'))
         parent = p1
 
     # the backout should appear on the same branch
     branch = repo.dirstate.branch()
     hg.clean(repo, node, show_stats=False)
     repo.dirstate.setbranch(branch)
     revert_opts = opts.copy()
     revert_opts['date'] = None
     revert_opts['all'] = True
     revert_opts['rev'] = hex(parent)
     revert_opts['no_backup'] = None
     revert(ui, repo, **revert_opts)
     commit_opts = opts.copy()
     commit_opts['addremove'] = False
     if not commit_opts['message'] and not commit_opts['logfile']:
         commit_opts['message'] = _("Backed out changeset %s") % (short(node))
         commit_opts['force_editor'] = True
     commit(ui, repo, **commit_opts)
     def nice(node):
         return '%d:%s' % (repo.changelog.rev(node), short(node))
     ui.status(_('changeset %s backs out changeset %s\n') %
               (nice(repo.changelog.tip()), nice(node)))
     if op1 != node:
         hg.clean(repo, op1, show_stats=False)
-        if opts['merge']:
+        if opts.get('merge'):
             ui.status(_('merging with changeset %s\n') % nice(repo.changelog.tip()))
             hg.merge(repo, hex(repo.changelog.tip()))
         else:
             ui.status(_('the backout changeset is a new head - '
                         'do not forget to merge\n'))
             ui.status(_('(use "backout --merge" '
                         'if you want to auto-merge)\n'))
 
 def bisect(ui, repo, rev=None, extra=None,
                reset=None, good=None, bad=None, skip=None, noupdate=None):
     """subdivision search of changesets
 
     This command helps to find changesets which introduce problems.
     To use, mark the earliest changeset you know exhibits the problem
     as bad, then mark the latest changeset which is free from the
     problem as good. Bisect will update your working directory to a
     revision for testing (unless the --noupdate option is specified).
     Once you have performed tests, mark the working directory as bad
     or good and bisect will either update to another candidate changeset
     or announce that it has found the bad revision.
 
     As a shortcut, you can also use the revision argument to mark a
     revision as good or bad without checking it out first.
     """
     # backward compatibility
     if rev in "good bad reset init".split():
         ui.warn(_("(use of 'hg bisect <cmd>' is deprecated)\n"))
         cmd, rev, extra = rev, extra, None
         if cmd == "good":
             good = True
         elif cmd == "bad":
             bad = True
         else:
             reset = True
     elif extra or good + bad + skip + reset > 1:
         raise util.Abort(_('incompatible arguments'))
 
     if reset:
         p = repo.join("bisect.state")
         if os.path.exists(p):
             os.unlink(p)
         return
 
     # load state
     state = {'good': [], 'bad': [], 'skip': []}
     if os.path.exists(repo.join("bisect.state")):
         for l in repo.opener("bisect.state"):
             kind, node = l[:-1].split()
             node = repo.lookup(node)
             if kind not in state:
                 raise util.Abort(_("unknown bisect kind %s") % kind)
             state[kind].append(node)
 
     # update state
     node = repo.lookup(rev or '.')
     if good:
         state['good'].append(node)
     elif bad:
         state['bad'].append(node)
     elif skip:
         state['skip'].append(node)
 
     # save state
     f = repo.opener("bisect.state", "w", atomictemp=True)
     wlock = repo.wlock()
     try:
         for kind in state:
             for node in state[kind]:
                 f.write("%s %s\n" % (kind, hex(node)))
         f.rename()
     finally:
         del wlock
 
     if not state['good'] or not state['bad']:
         if (good or bad or skip or reset):
             return
         if not state['good']:
             raise util.Abort(_('cannot bisect (no known good revisions)'))
         else:
             raise util.Abort(_('cannot bisect (no known bad revisions)'))
 
     # actually bisect
     nodes, changesets, good = hbisect.bisect(repo.changelog, state)
     if changesets == 0:
         displayer = cmdutil.show_changeset(ui, repo, {})
         transition = (good and "good" or "bad")
         if len(nodes) == 1:
             # narrowed it down to a single revision
             ui.write(_("The first %s revision is:\n") % transition)
             displayer.show(changenode=nodes[0])
         else:
             # multiple possible revisions
             ui.write(_("Due to skipped revisions, the first "
                        "%s revision could be any of:\n") % transition)
             for n in nodes:
                 displayer.show(changenode=n)
     else:
         assert len(nodes) == 1 # only a single node can be tested next
         node = nodes[0]
         # compute the approximate number of remaining tests
         tests, size = 0, 2
         while size <= changesets:
             tests, size = tests + 1, size * 2
         rev = repo.changelog.rev(node)
         ui.write(_("Testing changeset %s:%s "
                    "(%s changesets remaining, ~%s tests)\n")
                  % (rev, short(node), changesets, tests))
         if not noupdate:
             cmdutil.bail_if_changed(repo)
             return hg.clean(repo, node)
 
 def branch(ui, repo, label=None, **opts):
     """set or show the current branch name
 
     With no argument, show the current branch name. With one argument,
     set the working directory branch name (the branch does not exist in
     the repository until the next commit).
 
     Unless --force is specified, branch will not let you set a
     branch name that shadows an existing branch.
 
     Use --clean to reset the working directory branch to that of the
     parent of the working directory, negating a previous branch change.
 
     Use the command 'hg update' to switch to an existing branch.
     """
 
     if opts.get('clean'):
         label = repo[None].parents()[0].branch()
         repo.dirstate.setbranch(label)
         ui.status(_('reset working directory to branch %s\n') % label)
     elif label:
         if not opts.get('force') and label in repo.branchtags():
             if label not in [p.branch() for p in repo.parents()]:
                 raise util.Abort(_('a branch of the same name already exists'
                                    ' (use --force to override)'))
         repo.dirstate.setbranch(util.fromlocal(label))
         ui.status(_('marked working directory as branch %s\n') % label)
     else:
         ui.write("%s\n" % util.tolocal(repo.dirstate.branch()))
 
 def branches(ui, repo, active=False):
     """list repository named branches
 
     List the repository's named branches, indicating which ones are
     inactive. If active is specified, only show active branches.
 
     A branch is considered active if it contains repository heads.
 
     Use the command 'hg update' to switch to an existing branch.
     """
     hexfunc = ui.debugflag and hex or short
     activebranches = [util.tolocal(repo[n].branch())
                             for n in repo.heads()]
     branches = util.sort([(tag in activebranches, repo.changelog.rev(node), tag)
                           for tag, node in repo.branchtags().items()])
     branches.reverse()
 
     for isactive, node, tag in branches:
         if (not active) or isactive:
             if ui.quiet:
                 ui.write("%s\n" % tag)
             else:
                 rev = str(node).rjust(31 - util.locallen(tag))
                 isinactive = ((not isactive) and " (inactive)") or ''
                 data = tag, rev, hexfunc(repo.lookup(node)), isinactive
                 ui.write("%s %s:%s%s\n" % data)
 
 def bundle(ui, repo, fname, dest=None, **opts):
     """create a changegroup file
 
     Generate a compressed changegroup file collecting changesets not
     found in the other repository.
 
     If no destination repository is specified the destination is
     assumed to have all the nodes specified by one or more --base
     parameters. To create a bundle containing all changesets, use
     --all (or --base null). To change the compression method applied,
     use the -t option (by default, bundles are compressed using bz2).
 
     The bundle file can then be transferred using conventional means and
     applied to another repository with the unbundle or pull command.
     This is useful when direct push and pull are not available or when
     exporting an entire repository is undesirable.
 
     Applying bundles preserves all changeset contents including
     permissions, copy/rename information, and revision history.
     """
     revs = opts.get('rev') or None
     if revs:
         revs = [repo.lookup(rev) for rev in revs]
     if opts.get('all'):
         base = ['null']
     else:
         base = opts.get('base')
     if base:
         if dest:
             raise util.Abort(_("--base is incompatible with specifiying "
                                "a destination"))
         base = [repo.lookup(rev) for rev in base]
         # create the right base
         # XXX: nodesbetween / changegroup* should be "fixed" instead
         o = []
         has = {nullid: None}
         for n in base:
             has.update(repo.changelog.reachable(n))
         if revs:
             visit = list(revs)
         else:
             visit = repo.changelog.heads()
         seen = {}
         while visit:
             n = visit.pop(0)
             parents = [p for p in repo.changelog.parents(n) if p not in has]
             if len(parents) == 0:
                 o.insert(0, n)
             else:
                 for p in parents:
                     if p not in seen:
                         seen[p] = 1
                         visit.append(p)
     else:
         cmdutil.setremoteconfig(ui, opts)
         dest, revs, checkout = hg.parseurl(
             ui.expandpath(dest or 'default-push', dest or 'default'), revs)
         other = hg.repository(ui, dest)
-        o = repo.findoutgoing(other, force=opts['force'])
+        o = repo.findoutgoing(other, force=opts.get('force'))
 
     if revs:
         cg = repo.changegroupsubset(o, revs, 'bundle')
     else:
         cg = repo.changegroup(o, 'bundle')
 
     bundletype = opts.get('type', 'bzip2').lower()
     btypes = {'none': 'HG10UN', 'bzip2': 'HG10BZ', 'gzip': 'HG10GZ'}
     bundletype = btypes.get(bundletype)
     if bundletype not in changegroup.bundletypes:
         raise util.Abort(_('unknown bundle type specified with --type'))
 
     changegroup.writebundle(cg, fname, bundletype)
 
 def cat(ui, repo, file1, *pats, **opts):
     """output the current or given revision of files
 
     Print the specified files as they were at the given revision.
     If no revision is given, the parent of the working directory is used,
     or tip if no revision is checked out.
 
     Output may be to a file, in which case the name of the file is
     given using a format string. The formatting rules are the same as
     for the export command, with the following additions:
 
     %s   basename of file being printed
     %d   dirname of file being printed, or '.' if in repo root
     %p   root-relative path name of file being printed
     """
-    ctx = repo[opts['rev']]
+    ctx = repo[opts.get('rev')]
     err = 1
     m = cmdutil.match(repo, (file1,) + pats, opts)
     for abs in ctx.walk(m):
-        fp = cmdutil.make_file(repo, opts['output'], ctx.node(), pathname=abs)
+        fp = cmdutil.make_file(repo, opts.get('output'), ctx.node(), pathname=abs)
         data = ctx[abs].data()
         if opts.get('decode'):
             data = repo.wwritedata(abs, data)
         fp.write(data)
         err = 0
     return err
 
 def clone(ui, source, dest=None, **opts):
     """make a copy of an existing repository
 
     Create a copy of an existing repository in a new directory.
 
     If no destination directory name is specified, it defaults to the
     basename of the source.
 
     The location of the source is added to the new repository's
     .hg/hgrc file, as the default to be used for future pulls.
 
     For efficiency, hardlinks are used for cloning whenever the source
     and destination are on the same filesystem (note this applies only
     to the repository data, not to the checked out files). Some
     filesystems, such as AFS, implement hardlinking incorrectly, but
     do not report errors. In these cases, use the --pull option to
     avoid hardlinking.
 
     In some cases, you can clone repositories and checked out files
     using full hardlinks with
 
       $ cp -al REPO REPOCLONE
 
     This is the fastest way to clone, but it is not always safe.  The
     operation is not atomic (making sure REPO is not modified during
     the operation is up to you) and you have to make sure your editor
     breaks hardlinks (Emacs and most Linux Kernel tools do so).  Also,
     this is not compatible with certain extensions that place their
     metadata under the .hg directory, such as mq.
 
     If you use the -r option to clone up to a specific revision, no
     subsequent revisions will be present in the cloned repository.
     This option implies --pull, even on local repositories.
 
     If the -U option is used, the new clone will contain only a repository
     (.hg) and no working copy (the working copy parent is the null revision).
 
     See pull for valid source format details.
 
     It is possible to specify an ssh:// URL as the destination, but no
     .hg/hgrc and working directory will be created on the remote side.
     Look at the help text for the pull command for important details
     about ssh:// URLs.
     """
     cmdutil.setremoteconfig(ui, opts)
     hg.clone(ui, source, dest,
-             pull=opts['pull'],
-             stream=opts['uncompressed'],
-             rev=opts['rev'],
-             update=not opts['noupdate'])
+             pull=opts.get('pull'),
+             stream=opts.get('uncompressed'),
+             rev=opts.get('rev'),
+             update=not opts.get('noupdate'))
 
 def commit(ui, repo, *pats, **opts):
     """commit the specified files or all outstanding changes
 
     Commit changes to the given files into the repository.
 
     If a list of files is omitted, all changes reported by "hg status"
     will be committed.
 
     If you are committing the result of a merge, do not provide any
     file names or -I/-X filters.
 
     If no commit message is specified, the configured editor is started to
     enter a message.
 
     See 'hg help dates' for a list of formats valid for -d/--date.
     """
     def commitfunc(ui, repo, message, match, opts):
-        return repo.commit(match.files(), message, opts['user'], opts['date'],
+        return repo.commit(match.files(), message, opts.get('user'), opts.get('date'),
                            match, force_editor=opts.get('force_editor'))
 
     node = cmdutil.commit(ui, repo, commitfunc, pats, opts)
     if not node:
         return
     cl = repo.changelog
     rev = cl.rev(node)
     parents = cl.parentrevs(rev)
     if rev - 1 in parents:
         # one of the parents was the old tip
         pass
     elif (parents == (nullrev, nullrev) or
           len(cl.heads(cl.node(parents[0]))) > 1 and
           (parents[1] == nullrev or len(cl.heads(cl.node(parents[1]))) > 1)):
         ui.status(_('created new head\n'))
 
     if ui.debugflag:
         ui.write(_('committed changeset %d:%s\n') % (rev,hex(node)))
     elif ui.verbose:
         ui.write(_('committed changeset %d:%s\n') % (rev,short(node)))
 
 def copy(ui, repo, *pats, **opts):
     """mark files as copied for the next commit
 
     Mark dest as having copies of source files. If dest is a
     directory, copies are put in that directory. If dest is a file,
     there can only be one source.
 
     By default, this command copies the contents of files as they
     stand in the working directory. If invoked with --after, the
     operation is recorded, but no copying is performed.
 
     This command takes effect in the next commit. To undo a copy
     before that, see hg revert.
     """
     wlock = repo.wlock(False)
     try:
         return cmdutil.copy(ui, repo, pats, opts)
     finally:
         del wlock
 
 def debugancestor(ui, repo, *args):
     """find the ancestor revision of two revisions in a given index"""
     if len(args) == 3:
         index, rev1, rev2 = args
         r = revlog.revlog(util.opener(os.getcwd(), audit=False), index)
         lookup = r.lookup
     elif len(args) == 2:
         if not repo:
             raise util.Abort(_("There is no Mercurial repository here "
                                "(.hg not found)"))
         rev1, rev2 = args
         r = repo.changelog
         lookup = repo.lookup
     else:
         raise util.Abort(_('either two or three arguments required'))
     a = r.ancestor(lookup(rev1), lookup(rev2))
     ui.write("%d:%s\n" % (r.rev(a), hex(a)))
 
 def debugcomplete(ui, cmd='', **opts):
     """returns the completion list associated with the given command"""
 
-    if opts['options']:
+    if opts.get('options'):
         options = []
         otables = [globalopts]
         if cmd:
             aliases, entry = cmdutil.findcmd(ui, cmd, table)
             otables.append(entry[1])
         for t in otables:
             for o in t:
                 if o[0]:
                     options.append('-%s' % o[0])
                 options.append('--%s' % o[1])
         ui.write("%s\n" % "\n".join(options))
         return
 
     ui.write("%s\n" % "\n".join(util.sort(cmdutil.findpossible(ui, cmd, table))))
 
 def debugfsinfo(ui, path = "."):
     file('.debugfsinfo', 'w').write('')
     ui.write('exec: %s\n' % (util.checkexec(path) and 'yes' or 'no'))
     ui.write('symlink: %s\n' % (util.checklink(path) and 'yes' or 'no'))
     ui.write('case-sensitive: %s\n' % (util.checkcase('.debugfsinfo')
                                 and 'yes' or 'no'))
     os.unlink('.debugfsinfo')
 
 def debugrebuildstate(ui, repo, rev="tip"):
     """rebuild the dirstate as it would look like for the given revision"""
     ctx = repo[rev]
     wlock = repo.wlock()
     try:
         repo.dirstate.rebuild(ctx.node(), ctx.manifest())
     finally:
         del wlock
 
 def debugcheckstate(ui, repo):
     """validate the correctness of the current dirstate"""
     parent1, parent2 = repo.dirstate.parents()
     m1 = repo[parent1].manifest()
     m2 = repo[parent2].manifest()
     errors = 0
     for f in repo.dirstate:
         state = repo.dirstate[f]
         if state in "nr" and f not in m1:
             ui.warn(_("%s in state %s, but not in manifest1\n") % (f, state))
             errors += 1
         if state in "a" and f in m1:
             ui.warn(_("%s in state %s, but also in manifest1\n") % (f, state))
             errors += 1
         if state in "m" and f not in m1 and f not in m2:
             ui.warn(_("%s in state %s, but not in either manifest\n") %
                     (f, state))
             errors += 1
     for f in m1:
         state = repo.dirstate[f]
         if state not in "nrm":
             ui.warn(_("%s in manifest1, but listed as state %s") % (f, state))
             errors += 1
     if errors:
         error = _(".hg/dirstate inconsistent with current parent's manifest")
         raise util.Abort(error)
 
 def showconfig(ui, repo, *values, **opts):
     """show combined config settings from all hgrc files
 
     With no args, print names and values of all config items.
 
     With one arg of the form section.name, print just the value of
     that config item.
 
     With multiple args, print names and values of all config items
     with matching section names."""
 
     untrusted = bool(opts.get('untrusted'))
     if values:
         if len([v for v in values if '.' in v]) > 1:
             raise util.Abort(_('only one config item permitted'))
     for section, name, value in ui.walkconfig(untrusted=untrusted):
         sectname = section + '.' + name
         if values:
             for v in values:
                 if v == section:
                     ui.write('%s=%s\n' % (sectname, value))
                 elif v == sectname:
                     ui.write(value, '\n')
         else:
             ui.write('%s=%s\n' % (sectname, value))
 
 def debugsetparents(ui, repo, rev1, rev2=None):
     """manually set the parents of the current working directory
 
     This is useful for writing repository conversion tools, but should
     be used with care.
     """
 
     if not rev2:
         rev2 = hex(nullid)
 
     wlock = repo.wlock()
     try:
         repo.dirstate.setparents(repo.lookup(rev1), repo.lookup(rev2))
     finally:
         del wlock
 
 def debugstate(ui, repo, nodates=None):
     """show the contents of the current dirstate"""
     timestr = ""
     showdate = not nodates
     for file_, ent in util.sort(repo.dirstate._map.items()):
         if showdate:
             if ent[3] == -1:
                 # Pad or slice to locale representation
                 locale_len = len(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S ", time.localtime(0)))
                 timestr = 'unset'
                 timestr = timestr[:locale_len] + ' '*(locale_len - len(timestr))
             else:
                 timestr = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S ", time.localtime(ent[3]))
         if ent[1] & 020000:
             mode = 'lnk'
         else:
             mode = '%3o' % (ent[1] & 0777)
         ui.write("%c %s %10d %s%s\n" % (ent[0], mode, ent[2], timestr, file_))
     for f in repo.dirstate.copies():
         ui.write(_("copy: %s -> %s\n") % (repo.dirstate.copied(f), f))
 
 def debugdata(ui, file_, rev):
     """dump the contents of a data file revision"""
     r = revlog.revlog(util.opener(os.getcwd(), audit=False), file_[:-2] + ".i")
     try:
         ui.write(r.revision(r.lookup(rev)))
     except KeyError:
         raise util.Abort(_('invalid revision identifier %s') % rev)
 
 def debugdate(ui, date, range=None, **opts):
     """parse and display a date"""
     if opts["extended"]:
         d = util.parsedate(date, util.extendeddateformats)
     else:
         d = util.parsedate(date)
     ui.write("internal: %s %s\n" % d)
     ui.write("standard: %s\n" % util.datestr(d))
     if range:
         m = util.matchdate(range)
         ui.write("match: %s\n" % m(d[0]))
 
 def debugindex(ui, file_):
     """dump the contents of an index file"""
     r = revlog.revlog(util.opener(os.getcwd(), audit=False), file_)
     ui.write("   rev    offset  length   base linkrev" +
              " nodeid       p1           p2\n")
     for i in r:
         node = r.node(i)
         try:
             pp = r.parents(node)
         except:
             pp = [nullid, nullid]
         ui.write("% 6d % 9d % 7d % 6d % 7d %s %s %s\n" % (
                 i, r.start(i), r.length(i), r.base(i), r.linkrev(node),
             short(node), short(pp[0]), short(pp[1])))
 
 def debugindexdot(ui, file_):
     """dump an index DAG as a .dot file"""
     r = revlog.revlog(util.opener(os.getcwd(), audit=False), file_)
     ui.write("digraph G {\n")
     for i in r:
         node = r.node(i)
         pp = r.parents(node)
         ui.write("\t%d -> %d\n" % (r.rev(pp[0]), i))
         if pp[1] != nullid:
             ui.write("\t%d -> %d\n" % (r.rev(pp[1]), i))
     ui.write("}\n")
 
 def debuginstall(ui):
     '''test Mercurial installation'''
 
     def writetemp(contents):
         (fd, name) = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix="hg-debuginstall-")
         f = os.fdopen(fd, "wb")
         f.write(contents)
         f.close()
         return name
 
     problems = 0
 
     # encoding
     ui.status(_("Checking encoding (%s)...\n") % util._encoding)
     try:
         util.fromlocal("test")
     except util.Abort, inst:
         ui.write(" %s\n" % inst)
         ui.write(_(" (check that your locale is properly set)\n"))
         problems += 1
 
     # compiled modules
     ui.status(_("Checking extensions...\n"))
     try:
         import bdiff, mpatch, base85
     except Exception, inst:
         ui.write(" %s\n" % inst)
         ui.write(_(" One or more extensions could not be found"))
         ui.write(_(" (check that you compiled the extensions)\n"))
         problems += 1
 
     # templates
     ui.status(_("Checking templates...\n"))
     try:
         import templater
         t = templater.templater(templater.templatepath("map-cmdline.default"))
     except Exception, inst:
         ui.write(" %s\n" % inst)
         ui.write(_(" (templates seem to have been installed incorrectly)\n"))
         problems += 1
 
     # patch
     ui.status(_("Checking patch...\n"))
     patchproblems = 0
     a = "1\n2\n3\n4\n"
     b = "1\n2\n3\ninsert\n4\n"
     fa = writetemp(a)
     d = mdiff.unidiff(a, None, b, None, os.path.basename(fa),
         os.path.basename(fa))
     fd = writetemp(d)
 
     files = {}
     try:
         patch.patch(fd, ui, cwd=os.path.dirname(fa), files=files)
     except util.Abort, e:
         ui.write(_(" patch call failed:\n"))
         ui.write(" " + str(e) + "\n")
         patchproblems += 1
     else:
         if list(files) != [os.path.basename(fa)]:
             ui.write(_(" unexpected patch output!\n"))
             patchproblems += 1
         a = file(fa).read()
         if a != b:
             ui.write(_(" patch test failed!\n"))
             patchproblems += 1
 
     if patchproblems:
         if ui.config('ui', 'patch'):
             ui.write(_(" (Current patch tool may be incompatible with patch,"
                        " or misconfigured. Please check your .hgrc file)\n"))
         else:
             ui.write(_(" Internal patcher failure, please report this error"
                        " to http://www.selenic.com/mercurial/bts\n"))
     problems += patchproblems
 
     os.unlink(fa)
     os.unlink(fd)
 
     # editor
     ui.status(_("Checking commit editor...\n"))
     editor = ui.geteditor()
     cmdpath = util.find_exe(editor) or util.find_exe(editor.split()[0])
     if not cmdpath:
         if editor == 'vi':
             ui.write(_(" No commit editor set and can't find vi in PATH\n"))
             ui.write(_(" (specify a commit editor in your .hgrc file)\n"))
         else:
             ui.write(_(" Can't find editor '%s' in PATH\n") % editor)
             ui.write(_(" (specify a commit editor in your .hgrc file)\n"))
             problems += 1
 
     # check username
     ui.status(_("Checking username...\n"))
     user = os.environ.get("HGUSER")
     if user is None:
         user = ui.config("ui", "username")
     if user is None:
         user = os.environ.get("EMAIL")
     if not user:
         ui.warn(" ")
         ui.username()
         ui.write(_(" (specify a username in your .hgrc file)\n"))
 
     if not problems:
         ui.status(_("No problems detected\n"))
     else:
         ui.write(_("%s problems detected,"
                    " please check your install!\n") % problems)
 
     return problems
 
 def debugrename(ui, repo, file1, *pats, **opts):
     """dump rename information"""
 
     ctx = repo[opts.get('rev')]
     m = cmdutil.match(repo, (file1,) + pats, opts)
     for abs in ctx.walk(m):
         fctx = ctx[abs]
         o = fctx.filelog().renamed(fctx.filenode())
         rel = m.rel(abs)
         if o:
             ui.write(_("%s renamed from %s:%s\n") % (rel, o[0], hex(o[1])))
         else:
             ui.write(_("%s not renamed\n") % rel)
 
 def debugwalk(ui, repo, *pats, **opts):
     """show how files match on given patterns"""
     m = cmdutil.match(repo, pats, opts)
     items = list(repo.walk(m))
     if not items:
         return
     fmt = 'f  %%-%ds  %%-%ds  %%s' % (
         max([len(abs) for abs in items]),
         max([len(m.rel(abs)) for abs in items]))
     for abs in items:
         line = fmt % (abs, m.rel(abs), m.exact(abs) and 'exact' or '')
         ui.write("%s\n" % line.rstrip())
 
 def diff(ui, repo, *pats, **opts):
     """diff repository (or selected files)
 
     Show differences between revisions for the specified files.
 
     Differences between files are shown using the unified diff format.
 
     NOTE: diff may generate unexpected results for merges, as it will
     default to comparing against the working directory's first parent
     changeset if no revisions are specified.
 
     When two revision arguments are given, then changes are shown
     between those revisions. If only one revision is specified then
     that revision is compared to the working directory, and, when no
     revisions are specified, the working directory files are compared
     to its parent.
 
     Without the -a option, diff will avoid generating diffs of files
     it detects as binary. With -a, diff will generate a diff anyway,
     probably with undesirable results.
     """
-    node1, node2 = cmdutil.revpair(repo, opts['rev'])
+    node1, node2 = cmdutil.revpair(repo, opts.get('rev'))
 
     m = cmdutil.match(repo, pats, opts)
     patch.diff(repo, node1, node2, match=m, opts=patch.diffopts(ui, opts))
 
 def export(ui, repo, *changesets, **opts):
     """dump the header and diffs for one or more changesets
 
     Print the changeset header and diffs for one or more revisions.
 
     The information shown in the changeset header is: author,
     changeset hash, parent(s) and commit comment.
 
     NOTE: export may generate unexpected diff output for merge changesets,
     as it will compare the merge changeset against its first parent only.
 
     Output may be to a file, in which case the name of the file is
     given using a format string. The formatting rules are as follows:
 
     %%   literal "%" character
     %H   changeset hash (40 bytes of hexadecimal)
     %N   number of patches being generated
     %R   changeset revision number
     %b   basename of the exporting repository
     %h   short-form changeset hash (12 bytes of hexadecimal)
     %n   zero-padded sequence number, starting at 1
     %r   zero-padded changeset revision number
 
     Without the -a option, export will avoid generating diffs of files
     it detects as binary. With -a, export will generate a diff anyway,
     probably with undesirable results.
 
     With the --switch-parent option, the diff will be against the second
     parent. It can be useful to review a merge.
     """
     if not changesets:
         raise util.Abort(_("export requires at least one changeset"))
     revs = cmdutil.revrange(repo, changesets)
     if len(revs) > 1:
         ui.note(_('exporting patches:\n'))
     else:
         ui.note(_('exporting patch:\n'))
-    patch.export(repo, revs, template=opts['output'],
-                 switch_parent=opts['switch_parent'],
+    patch.export(repo, revs, template=opts.get('output'),
+                 switch_parent=opts.get('switch_parent'),
                  opts=patch.diffopts(ui, opts))
 
 def grep(ui, repo, pattern, *pats, **opts):
     """search for a pattern in specified files and revisions
 
     Search revisions of files for a regular expression.
 
     This command behaves differently than Unix grep. It only accepts
     Python/Perl regexps. It searches repository history, not the
     working directory. It always prints the revision number in which
     a match appears.
 
     By default, grep only prints output for the first revision of a
     file in which it finds a match. To get it to print every revision
     that contains a change in match status ("-" for a match that
     becomes a non-match, or "+" for a non-match that becomes a match),
     use the --all flag.
     """
     reflags = 0
-    if opts['ignore_case']:
+    if opts.get('ignore_case'):
         reflags |= re.I
     try:
         regexp = re.compile(pattern, reflags)
     except Exception, inst:
         ui.warn(_("grep: invalid match pattern: %s\n") % inst)
         return None
     sep, eol = ':', '\n'
-    if opts['print0']:
+    if opts.get('print0'):
         sep = eol = '\0'
 
     fcache = {}
     def getfile(fn):
         if fn not in fcache:
             fcache[fn] = repo.file(fn)
         return fcache[fn]
 
     def matchlines(body):
         begin = 0
         linenum = 0
         while True:
             match = regexp.search(body, begin)
             if not match:
                 break
             mstart, mend = match.span()
             linenum += body.count('\n', begin, mstart) + 1
             lstart = body.rfind('\n', begin, mstart) + 1 or begin
             lend = body.find('\n', mend)
             yield linenum, mstart - lstart, mend - lstart, body[lstart:lend]
             begin = lend + 1
 
     class linestate(object):
         def __init__(self, line, linenum, colstart, colend):
             self.line = line
             self.linenum = linenum
             self.colstart = colstart
             self.colend = colend
 
         def __hash__(self):
             return hash((self.linenum, self.line))
 
         def __eq__(self, other):
             return self.line == other.line
 
     matches = {}
     copies = {}
     def grepbody(fn, rev, body):
         matches[rev].setdefault(fn, [])
         m = matches[rev][fn]
         for lnum, cstart, cend, line in matchlines(body):
             s = linestate(line, lnum, cstart, cend)
             m.append(s)
 
     def difflinestates(a, b):
         sm = difflib.SequenceMatcher(None, a, b)
         for tag, alo, ahi, blo, bhi in sm.get_opcodes():
             if tag == 'insert':
                 for i in xrange(blo, bhi):
                     yield ('+', b[i])
             elif tag == 'delete':
                 for i in xrange(alo, ahi):
                     yield ('-', a[i])
             elif tag == 'replace':
                 for i in xrange(alo, ahi):
                     yield ('-', a[i])
                 for i in xrange(blo, bhi):
                     yield ('+', b[i])
 
     prev = {}
     def display(fn, rev, states, prevstates):
         datefunc = ui.quiet and util.shortdate or util.datestr
         found = False
         filerevmatches = {}
         r = prev.get(fn, -1)
-        if opts['all']:
+        if opts.get('all'):
             iter = difflinestates(states, prevstates)
         else:
             iter = [('', l) for l in prevstates]
         for change, l in iter:
             cols = [fn, str(r)]
-            if opts['line_number']:
+            if opts.get('line_number'):
                 cols.append(str(l.linenum))
-            if opts['all']:
+            if opts.get('all'):
                 cols.append(change)
-            if opts['user']:
+            if opts.get('user'):
                 cols.append(ui.shortuser(get(r)[1]))
             if opts.get('date'):
                 cols.append(datefunc(get(r)[2]))
-            if opts['files_with_matches']:
+            if opts.get('files_with_matches'):
                 c = (fn, r)
                 if c in filerevmatches:
                     continue
                 filerevmatches[c] = 1
             else:
                 cols.append(l.line)
             ui.write(sep.join(cols), eol)
             found = True
         return found
 
     fstate = {}
     skip = {}
     get = util.cachefunc(lambda r: repo[r].changeset())
     changeiter, matchfn = cmdutil.walkchangerevs(ui, repo, pats, get, opts)
     found = False
     follow = opts.get('follow')
     for st, rev, fns in changeiter:
         if st == 'window':
             matches.clear()
         elif st == 'add':
             ctx = repo[rev]
             matches[rev] = {}
             for fn in fns:
                 if fn in skip:
                     continue
                 try:
                     grepbody(fn, rev, getfile(fn).read(ctx.filenode(fn)))
                     fstate.setdefault(fn, [])
                     if follow:
                         copied = getfile(fn).renamed(ctx.filenode(fn))
                         if copied:
                             copies.setdefault(rev, {})[fn] = copied[0]
                 except revlog.LookupError:
                     pass
         elif st == 'iter':
             for fn, m in util.sort(matches[rev].items()):
                 copy = copies.get(rev, {}).get(fn)
                 if fn in skip:
                     if copy:
                         skip[copy] = True
                     continue
                 if fn in prev or fstate[fn]:
                     r = display(fn, rev, m, fstate[fn])
                     found = found or r
-                    if r and not opts['all']:
+                    if r and not opts.get('all'):
                         skip[fn] = True
                         if copy:
                             skip[copy] = True
                 fstate[fn] = m
                 if copy:
                     fstate[copy] = m
                 prev[fn] = rev
 
     for fn, state in util.sort(fstate.items()):
         if fn in skip:
             continue
         if fn not in copies.get(prev[fn], {}):
             found = display(fn, rev, {}, state) or found
     return (not found and 1) or 0
 
 def heads(ui, repo, *branchrevs, **opts):
     """show current repository heads or show branch heads
 
     With no arguments, show all repository head changesets.
 
     If branch or revisions names are given this will show the heads of
     the specified branches or the branches those revisions are tagged
     with.
 
     Repository "heads" are changesets that don't have child
     changesets. They are where development generally takes place and
     are the usual targets for update and merge operations.
 
     Branch heads are changesets that have a given branch tag, but have
     no child changesets with that tag. They are usually where
     development on the given branch takes place.
     """
-    if opts['rev']:
+    if opts.get('rev'):
         start = repo.lookup(opts['rev'])
     else:
         start = None
     if not branchrevs:
         # Assume we're looking repo-wide heads if no revs were specified.
         heads = repo.heads(start)
     else:
         heads = []
         visitedset = util.set()
         for branchrev in branchrevs:
             branch = repo[branchrev].branch()
             if branch in visitedset:
                 continue
             visitedset.add(branch)
             bheads = repo.branchheads(branch, start)
             if not bheads:
                 if branch != branchrev:
                     ui.warn(_("no changes on branch %s containing %s are "
                               "reachable from %s\n")
-                            % (branch, branchrev, opts['rev']))
+                            % (branch, branchrev, opts.get('rev')))
                 else:
                     ui.warn(_("no changes on branch %s are reachable from %s\n")
-                            % (branch, opts['rev']))
+                            % (branch, opts.get('rev')))
             heads.extend(bheads)
     if not heads:
         return 1
     displayer = cmdutil.show_changeset(ui, repo, opts)
     for n in heads:
         displayer.show(changenode=n)
 
 def help_(ui, name=None, with_version=False):
     """show help for a command, extension, or list of commands
 
     With no arguments, print a list of commands and short help.
 
     Given a command name, print help for that command.
 
     Given an extension name, print help for that extension, and the
     commands it provides."""
     option_lists = []
 
     def addglobalopts(aliases):
         if ui.verbose:
             option_lists.append((_("global options:"), globalopts))
             if name == 'shortlist':
                 option_lists.append((_('use "hg help" for the full list '
                                        'of commands'), ()))
         else:
             if name == 'shortlist':
                 msg = _('use "hg help" for the full list of commands '
                         'or "hg -v" for details')
             elif aliases:
                 msg = _('use "hg -v help%s" to show aliases and '
                         'global options') % (name and " " + name or "")
             else:
                 msg = _('use "hg -v help %s" to show global options') % name
             option_lists.append((msg, ()))
 
     def helpcmd(name):
         if with_version:
             version_(ui)
             ui.write('\n')
 
         try:
             aliases, i = cmdutil.findcmd(ui, name, table)
         except cmdutil.AmbiguousCommand, inst:
             select = lambda c: c.lstrip('^').startswith(inst.args[0])
             helplist(_('list of commands:\n\n'), select)
             return
 
         # synopsis
         ui.write("%s\n" % i[2])
 
         # aliases
         if not ui.quiet and len(aliases) > 1:
             ui.write(_("\naliases: %s\n") % ', '.join(aliases[1:]))
 
         # description
         doc = gettext(i[0].__doc__)
         if not doc:
             doc = _("(No help text available)")
         if ui.quiet:
             doc = doc.splitlines(0)[0]
         ui.write("\n%s\n" % doc.rstrip())
 
         if not ui.quiet:
             # options
             if i[1]:
                 option_lists.append((_("options:\n"), i[1]))
 
             addglobalopts(False)
 
     def helplist(header, select=None):
         h = {}
         cmds = {}
         for c, e in table.items():
             f = c.split("|", 1)[0]
             if select and not select(f):
                 continue
             if select is None and e[0].__module__ != __name__:
                 continue
             if name == "shortlist" and not f.startswith("^"):
                 continue
             f = f.lstrip("^")
             if not ui.debugflag and f.startswith("debug"):
                 continue
             doc = gettext(e[0].__doc__)
             if not doc:
                 doc = _("(No help text available)")
             h[f] = doc.splitlines(0)[0].rstrip()
             cmds[f] = c.lstrip("^")
 
         if not h:
             ui.status(_('no commands defined\n'))
             return
 
         ui.status(header)
         fns = util.sort(h)
         m = max(map(len, fns))
         for f in fns:
             if ui.verbose:
                 commands = cmds[f].replace("|",", ")
                 ui.write(" %s:\n      %s\n"%(commands, h[f]))
             else:
                 ui.write(' %-*s   %s\n' % (m, f, h[f]))
 
         exts = list(extensions.extensions())
         if exts:
             ui.write(_('\nenabled extensions:\n\n'))
             maxlength = 0
             exthelps = []
             for ename, ext in exts:
                 doc = (ext.__doc__ or _('(no help text available)'))
                 ename = ename.split('.')[-1]
                 maxlength = max(len(ename), maxlength)
                 exthelps.append((ename, doc.splitlines(0)[0].strip()))
             for ename, text in exthelps:
                 ui.write(_(' %s   %s\n') % (ename.ljust(maxlength), text))
 
         if not ui.quiet:
             addglobalopts(True)
 
     def helptopic(name):
         for names, header, doc in help.helptable:
             if name in names:
                 break
         else:
             raise cmdutil.UnknownCommand(name)
 
         # description
         if not doc:
             doc = _("(No help text available)")
         if callable(doc):
             doc = doc()
 
         ui.write("%s\n" % header)
         ui.write("%s\n" % doc.rstrip())
 
     def helpext(name):
         try:
             mod = extensions.find(name)
         except KeyError:
             raise cmdutil.UnknownCommand(name)
 
         doc = gettext(mod.__doc__) or _('No help text available')
         doc = doc.splitlines(0)
         ui.write(_('%s extension - %s\n') % (name.split('.')[-1], doc[0]))
         for d in doc[1:]:
             ui.write(d, '\n')
 
         ui.status('\n')
 
         try:
             ct = mod.cmdtable
         except AttributeError:
             ct = {}
 
         modcmds = dict.fromkeys([c.split('|', 1)[0] for c in ct])
         helplist(_('list of commands:\n\n'), modcmds.has_key)
 
     if name and name != 'shortlist':
         i = None
         for f in (helpcmd, helptopic, helpext):
             try:
                 f(name)
                 i = None
                 break
             except cmdutil.UnknownCommand, inst:
                 i = inst
         if i:
             raise i
 
     else:
         # program name
         if ui.verbose or with_version:
             version_(ui)
         else:
             ui.status(_("Mercurial Distributed SCM\n"))
         ui.status('\n')
 
         # list of commands
         if name == "shortlist":
             header = _('basic commands:\n\n')
         else:
             header = _('list of commands:\n\n')
 
         helplist(header)
 
     # list all option lists
     opt_output = []
     for title, options in option_lists:
         opt_output.append(("\n%s" % title, None))
         for shortopt, longopt, default, desc in options:
             if "DEPRECATED" in desc and not ui.verbose: continue
             opt_output.append(("%2s%s" % (shortopt and "-%s" % shortopt,
                                           longopt and " --%s" % longopt),
                                "%s%s" % (desc,
                                          default
                                          and _(" (default: %s)") % default
                                          or "")))
 
     if ui.verbose:
         ui.write(_("\nspecial help topics:\n"))
         topics = []
         for names, header, doc in help.helptable:
             topics.append((", ".join(names), header))
         topics_len = max([len(s[0]) for s in topics])
         for t, desc in topics:
             ui.write(" %-*s  %s\n" % (topics_len, t, desc))
 
     if opt_output:
         opts_len = max([len(line[0]) for line in opt_output if line[1]] or [0])
         for first, second in opt_output:
             if second:
                 ui.write(" %-*s  %s\n" % (opts_len, first, second))
             else:
                 ui.write("%s\n" % first)
 
 def identify(ui, repo, source=None,
              rev=None, num=None, id=None, branch=None, tags=None):
     """identify the working copy or specified revision
 
     With no revision, print a summary of the current state of the repo.
 
     With a path, do a lookup in another repository.
 
     This summary identifies the repository state using one or two parent
     hash identifiers, followed by a "+" if there are uncommitted changes
     in the working directory, a list of tags for this revision and a branch
     name for non-default branches.
     """
 
     if not repo and not source:
         raise util.Abort(_("There is no Mercurial repository here "
                            "(.hg not found)"))
 
     hexfunc = ui.debugflag and hex or short
     default = not (num or id or branch or tags)
     output = []
 
     if source:
         source, revs, checkout = hg.parseurl(ui.expandpath(source), [])
         srepo = hg.repository(ui, source)
         if not rev and revs:
             rev = revs[0]
         if not rev:
             rev = "tip"
         if num or branch or tags:
             raise util.Abort(
                 "can't query remote revision number, branch, or tags")
         output = [hexfunc(srepo.lookup(rev))]
     elif not rev:
         ctx = repo[None]
         parents = ctx.parents()
         changed = False
         if default or id or num:
             changed = ctx.files() + ctx.deleted()
         if default or id:
             output = ["%s%s" % ('+'.join([hexfunc(p.node()) for p in parents]),
                                 (changed) and "+" or "")]
         if num:
             output.append("%s%s" % ('+'.join([str(p.rev()) for p in parents]),
                                     (changed) and "+" or ""))
     else:
         ctx = repo[rev]
         if default or id:
             output = [hexfunc(ctx.node())]
         if num:
             output.append(str(ctx.rev()))
 
     if not source and default and not ui.quiet:
         b = util.tolocal(ctx.branch())
         if b != 'default':
             output.append("(%s)" % b)
 
         # multiple tags for a single parent separated by '/'
         t = "/".join(ctx.tags())
         if t:
             output.append(t)
 
     if branch:
         output.append(util.tolocal(ctx.branch()))
 
     if tags:
         output.extend(ctx.tags())
 
     ui.write("%s\n" % ' '.join(output))
 
 def import_(ui, repo, patch1, *patches, **opts):
     """import an ordered set of patches
 
     Import a list of patches and commit them individually.
 
     If there are outstanding changes in the working directory, import
     will abort unless given the -f flag.
 
     You can import a patch straight from a mail message. Even patches
     as attachments work (body part must be type text/plain or
     text/x-patch to be used). From and Subject headers of email
     message are used as default committer and commit message. All
     text/plain body parts before first diff are added to commit
     message.
 
     If the imported patch was generated by hg export, user and description
     from patch override values from message headers and body. Values
     given on command line with -m and -u override these.
 
     If --exact is specified, import will set the working directory
     to the parent of each patch before applying it, and will abort
     if the resulting changeset has a different ID than the one
     recorded in the patch. This may happen due to character set
     problems or other deficiencies in the text patch format.
 
     To read a patch from standard input, use patch name "-".
     See 'hg help dates' for a list of formats valid for -d/--date.
     """
     patches = (patch1,) + patches
 
     date = opts.get('date')
     if date:
         opts['date'] = util.parsedate(date)
 
-    if opts.get('exact') or not opts['force']:
+    if opts.get('exact') or not opts.get('force'):
         cmdutil.bail_if_changed(repo)
 
     d = opts["base"]
     strip = opts["strip"]
     wlock = lock = None
     try:
         wlock = repo.wlock()
         lock = repo.lock()
         for p in patches:
             pf = os.path.join(d, p)
 
             if pf == '-':
                 ui.status(_("applying patch from stdin\n"))
                 data = patch.extract(ui, sys.stdin)
             else:
                 ui.status(_("applying %s\n") % p)
                 if os.path.exists(pf):
                     data = patch.extract(ui, file(pf, 'rb'))
                 else:
                     data = patch.extract(ui, urllib.urlopen(pf))
             tmpname, message, user, date, branch, nodeid, p1, p2 = data
 
             if tmpname is None:
                 raise util.Abort(_('no diffs found'))
 
             try:
                 cmdline_message = cmdutil.logmessage(opts)
                 if cmdline_message:
                     # pickup the cmdline msg
                     message = cmdline_message
                 elif message:
                     # pickup the patch msg
                     message = message.strip()
                 else:
                     # launch the editor
                     message = None
                 ui.debug(_('message:\n%s\n') % message)
 
                 wp = repo.parents()
                 if opts.get('exact'):
                     if not nodeid or not p1:
                         raise util.Abort(_('not a mercurial patch'))
                     p1 = repo.lookup(p1)
                     p2 = repo.lookup(p2 or hex(nullid))
 
                     if p1 != wp[0].node():
                         hg.clean(repo, p1)
                     repo.dirstate.setparents(p1, p2)
                 elif p2:
                     try:
                         p1 = repo.lookup(p1)
                         p2 = repo.lookup(p2)
                         if p1 == wp[0].node():
                             repo.dirstate.setparents(p1, p2)
                     except RepoError:
                         pass
                 if opts.get('exact') or opts.get('import_branch'):
                     repo.dirstate.setbranch(branch or 'default')
 
                 files = {}
                 try:
                     fuzz = patch.patch(tmpname, ui, strip=strip, cwd=repo.root,
                                        files=files)
                 finally:
                     files = patch.updatedir(ui, repo, files)
                 if not opts.get('no_commit'):
                     n = repo.commit(files, message, opts.get('user') or user,
                                     opts.get('date') or date)
                     if opts.get('exact'):
                         if hex(n) != nodeid:
                             repo.rollback()
                             raise util.Abort(_('patch is damaged'
                                                ' or loses information'))
                     # Force a dirstate write so that the next transaction
                     # backups an up-do-date file.
                     repo.dirstate.write()
             finally:
                 os.unlink(tmpname)
     finally:
         del lock, wlock
 
 def incoming(ui, repo, source="default", **opts):
     """show new changesets found in source
 
     Show new changesets found in the specified path/URL or the default
     pull location. These are the changesets that would be pulled if a pull
     was requested.
 
     For remote repository, using --bundle avoids downloading the changesets
     twice if the incoming is followed by a pull.
 
     See pull for valid source format details.
     """
     limit = cmdutil.loglimit(opts)
-    source, revs, checkout = hg.parseurl(ui.expandpath(source), opts['rev'])
+    source, revs, checkout = hg.parseurl(ui.expandpath(source), opts.get('rev'))
     cmdutil.setremoteconfig(ui, opts)
 
     other = hg.repository(ui, source)
     ui.status(_('comparing with %s\n') % util.hidepassword(source))
     if revs:
         revs = [other.lookup(rev) for rev in revs]
     incoming = repo.findincoming(other, heads=revs, force=opts["force"])
     if not incoming:
         try:
             os.unlink(opts["bundle"])
         except:
             pass
         ui.status(_("no changes found\n"))
         return 1
 
     cleanup = None
     try:
         fname = opts["bundle"]
         if fname or not other.local():
             # create a bundle (uncompressed if other repo is not local)
             if revs is None:
                 cg = other.changegroup(incoming, "incoming")
             else:
                 cg = other.changegroupsubset(incoming, revs, 'incoming')
             bundletype = other.local() and "HG10BZ" or "HG10UN"
             fname = cleanup = changegroup.writebundle(cg, fname, bundletype)
             # keep written bundle?
             if opts["bundle"]:
                 cleanup = None
             if not other.local():
                 # use the created uncompressed bundlerepo
                 other = bundlerepo.bundlerepository(ui, repo.root, fname)
 
         o = other.changelog.nodesbetween(incoming, revs)[0]
-        if opts['newest_first']:
+        if opts.get('newest_first'):
             o.reverse()
         displayer = cmdutil.show_changeset(ui, other, opts)
         count = 0
         for n in o:
             if count >= limit:
                 break
             parents = [p for p in other.changelog.parents(n) if p != nullid]
-            if opts['no_merges'] and len(parents) == 2:
+            if opts.get('no_merges') and len(parents) == 2:
                 continue
             count += 1
             displayer.show(changenode=n)
     finally:
         if hasattr(other, 'close'):
             other.close()
         if cleanup:
             os.unlink(cleanup)
 
 def init(ui, dest=".", **opts):
     """create a new repository in the given directory
 
     Initialize a new repository in the given directory. If the given
     directory does not exist, it is created.
 
     If no directory is given, the current directory is used.
 
     It is possible to specify an ssh:// URL as the destination.
     Look at the help text for the pull command for important details
     about ssh:// URLs.
     """
     cmdutil.setremoteconfig(ui, opts)
     hg.repository(ui, dest, create=1)
 
 def locate(ui, repo, *pats, **opts):
     """locate files matching specific patterns
 
     Print all files under Mercurial control whose names match the
     given patterns.
 
     This command searches the entire repository by default. To search
     just the current directory and its subdirectories, use
     "--include .".
 
     If no patterns are given to match, this command prints all file
     names.
 
     If you want to feed the output of this command into the "xargs"
     command, use the "-0" option to both this command and "xargs".
     This will avoid the problem of "xargs" treating single filenames
     that contain white space as multiple filenames.
     """
-    end = opts['print0'] and '\0' or '\n'
+    end = opts.get('print0') and '\0' or '\n'
     rev = opts.get('rev') or None
 
     ret = 1
     m = cmdutil.match(repo, pats, opts, default='relglob')
     m.bad = lambda x,y: False
     for abs in repo[rev].walk(m):
         if not rev and abs not in repo.dirstate:
             continue
-        if opts['fullpath']:
+        if opts.get('fullpath'):
             ui.write(os.path.join(repo.root, abs), end)
         else:
             ui.write(((pats and m.rel(abs)) or abs), end)
         ret = 0
 
     return ret
 
 def log(ui, repo, *pats, **opts):
     """show revision history of entire repository or files
 
     Print the revision history of the specified files or the entire
     project.
 
     File history is shown without following rename or copy history of
     files. Use -f/--follow with a file name to follow history across
     renames and copies. --follow without a file name will only show
     ancestors or descendants of the starting revision. --follow-first
     only follows the first parent of merge revisions.
 
     If no revision range is specified, the default is tip:0 unless
     --follow is set, in which case the working directory parent is
     used as the starting revision.
 
     See 'hg help dates' for a list of formats valid for -d/--date.
 
     By default this command outputs: changeset id and hash, tags,
     non-trivial parents, user, date and time, and a summary for each
     commit. When the -v/--verbose switch is used, the list of changed
     files and full commit message is shown.
 
     NOTE: log -p may generate unexpected diff output for merge
     changesets, as it will compare the merge changeset against its
     first parent only. Also, the files: list will only reflect files
     that are different from BOTH parents.
 
     """
 
     get = util.cachefunc(lambda r: repo[r].changeset())
     changeiter, matchfn = cmdutil.walkchangerevs(ui, repo, pats, get, opts)
 
     limit = cmdutil.loglimit(opts)
     count = 0
 
-    if opts['copies'] and opts['rev']:
-        endrev = max(cmdutil.revrange(repo, opts['rev'])) + 1
+    if opts.get('copies') and opts.get('rev'):
+        endrev = max(cmdutil.revrange(repo, opts.get('rev'))) + 1
     else:
         endrev = len(repo)
     rcache = {}
     ncache = {}
     def getrenamed(fn, rev):
         '''looks up all renames for a file (up to endrev) the first
         time the file is given. It indexes on the changerev and only
         parses the manifest if linkrev != changerev.
         Returns rename info for fn at changerev rev.'''
         if fn not in rcache:
             rcache[fn] = {}
             ncache[fn] = {}
             fl = repo.file(fn)
             for i in fl:
                 node = fl.node(i)
                 lr = fl.linkrev(node)
                 renamed = fl.renamed(node)
                 rcache[fn][lr] = renamed
                 if renamed:
                     ncache[fn][node] = renamed
                 if lr >= endrev:
                     break
         if rev in rcache[fn]:
             return rcache[fn][rev]
 
         # If linkrev != rev (i.e. rev not found in rcache) fallback to
         # filectx logic.
 
         try:
             return repo[rev][fn].renamed()
         except revlog.LookupError:
             pass
         return None
 
     df = False
     if opts["date"]:
         df = util.matchdate(opts["date"])
 
-    only_branches = opts['only_branch']
+    only_branches = opts.get('only_branch')
 
     displayer = cmdutil.show_changeset(ui, repo, opts, True, matchfn)
     for st, rev, fns in changeiter:
         if st == 'add':
             changenode = repo.changelog.node(rev)
             parents = [p for p in repo.changelog.parentrevs(rev)
                        if p != nullrev]
-            if opts['no_merges'] and len(parents) == 2:
+            if opts.get('no_merges') and len(parents) == 2:
                 continue
-            if opts['only_merges'] and len(parents) != 2:
+            if opts.get('only_merges') and len(parents) != 2:
                 continue
 
             if only_branches:
                 revbranch = get(rev)[5]['branch']
                 if revbranch not in only_branches:
                     continue
 
             if df:
                 changes = get(rev)
                 if not df(changes[2][0]):
                     continue
 
-            if opts['keyword']:
+            if opts.get('keyword'):
                 changes = get(rev)
                 miss = 0
                 for k in [kw.lower() for kw in opts['keyword']]:
                     if not (k in changes[1].lower() or
                             k in changes[4].lower() or
                             k in " ".join(changes[3]).lower()):
                         miss = 1
                         break
                 if miss:
                     continue
 
             copies = []
             if opts.get('copies') and rev:
                 for fn in get(rev)[3]:
                     rename = getrenamed(fn, rev)
                     if rename:
                         copies.append((fn, rename[0]))
             displayer.show(rev, changenode, copies=copies)
         elif st == 'iter':
             if count == limit: break
             if displayer.flush(rev):
                 count += 1
 
 def manifest(ui, repo, node=None, rev=None):
     """output the current or given revision of the project manifest
 
     Print a list of version controlled files for the given revision.
     If no revision is given, the parent of the working directory is used,
     or tip if no revision is checked out.
 
     The manifest is the list of files being version controlled. If no revision
     is given then the first parent of the working directory is used.
 
     With -v flag, print file permissions, symlink and executable bits. With
     --debug flag, print file revision hashes.
     """
 
     if rev and node:
         raise util.Abort(_("please specify just one revision"))
 
     if not node:
         node = rev
 
     decor = {'l':'644 @ ', 'x':'755 * ', '':'644   '}
     ctx = repo[node]
     for f in ctx:
         if ui.debugflag:
             ui.write("%40s " % hex(ctx.manifest()[f]))
         if ui.verbose:
             ui.write(decor[ctx.flags(f)])
         ui.write("%s\n" % f)
 
 def merge(ui, repo, node=None, force=None, rev=None):
     """merge working directory with another revision
 
     Merge the contents of the current working directory and the
     requested revision. Files that changed between either parent are
     marked as changed for the next commit and a commit must be
     performed before any further updates are allowed.
 
     If no revision is specified, the working directory's parent is a
     head revision, and the current branch contains exactly one other head,
     the other head is merged with by default. Otherwise, an explicit
     revision to merge with must be provided.
     """
 
     if rev and node:
         raise util.Abort(_("please specify just one revision"))
     if not node:
         node = rev
 
     if not node:
         branch = repo.changectx(None).branch()
         bheads = repo.branchheads(branch)
         if len(bheads) > 2:
             raise util.Abort(_("branch '%s' has %d heads - "
                                "please merge with an explicit rev") %
                              (branch, len(bheads)))
 
         parent = repo.dirstate.parents()[0]
         if len(bheads) == 1:
             if len(repo.heads()) > 1:
                 raise util.Abort(_("branch '%s' has one head - "
                                    "please merge with an explicit rev") %
                                  branch)
             msg = _('there is nothing to merge')
             if parent != repo.lookup(repo[None].branch()):
                 msg = _('%s - use "hg update" instead') % msg
             raise util.Abort(msg)
 
         if parent not in bheads:
             raise util.Abort(_('working dir not at a head rev - '
                                'use "hg update" or merge with an explicit rev'))
         node = parent == bheads[0] and bheads[-1] or bheads[0]
     return hg.merge(repo, node, force=force)
 
 def outgoing(ui, repo, dest=None, **opts):
     """show changesets not found in destination
 
     Show changesets not found in the specified destination repository or
     the default push location. These are the changesets that would be pushed
     if a push was requested.
 
     See pull for valid destination format details.
     """
     limit = cmdutil.loglimit(opts)
     dest, revs, checkout = hg.parseurl(
-        ui.expandpath(dest or 'default-push', dest or 'default'), opts['rev'])
+        ui.expandpath(dest or 'default-push', dest or 'default'), opts.get('rev'))
     cmdutil.setremoteconfig(ui, opts)
     if revs:
         revs = [repo.lookup(rev) for rev in revs]
 
     other = hg.repository(ui, dest)
     ui.status(_('comparing with %s\n') % util.hidepassword(dest))
-    o = repo.findoutgoing(other, force=opts['force'])
+    o = repo.findoutgoing(other, force=opts.get('force'))
     if not o:
         ui.status(_("no changes found\n"))
         return 1
     o = repo.changelog.nodesbetween(o, revs)[0]
-    if opts['newest_first']:
+    if opts.get('newest_first'):
         o.reverse()
     displayer = cmdutil.show_changeset(ui, repo, opts)
     count = 0
     for n in o:
         if count >= limit:
             break
         parents = [p for p in repo.changelog.parents(n) if p != nullid]
-        if opts['no_merges'] and len(parents) == 2:
+        if opts.get('no_merges') and len(parents) == 2:
             continue
         count += 1
         displayer.show(changenode=n)
 
 def parents(ui, repo, file_=None, **opts):
     """show the parents of the working dir or revision
 
     Print the working directory's parent revisions. If a
     revision is given via --rev, the parent of that revision
     will be printed. If a file argument is given, revision in
     which the file was last changed (before the working directory
     revision or the argument to --rev if given) is printed.
     """
     rev = opts.get('rev')
     if rev:
         ctx = repo[rev]
     else:
         ctx = repo[None]
 
     if file_:
         m = cmdutil.match(repo, (file_,), opts)
         if m.anypats() or len(m.files()) != 1:
             raise util.Abort(_('can only specify an explicit file name'))
         file_ = m.files()[0]
         filenodes = []
         for cp in ctx.parents():
             if not cp:
                 continue
             try:
                 filenodes.append(cp.filenode(file_))
             except revlog.LookupError:
                 pass
         if not filenodes:
             raise util.Abort(_("'%s' not found in manifest!") % file_)
         fl = repo.file(file_)
         p = [repo.lookup(fl.linkrev(fn)) for fn in filenodes]
     else:
         p = [cp.node() for cp in ctx.parents()]
 
     displayer = cmdutil.show_changeset(ui, repo, opts)
     for n in p:
         if n != nullid:
             displayer.show(changenode=n)
 
 def paths(ui, repo, search=None):
     """show definition of symbolic path names
 
     Show definition of symbolic path name NAME. If no name is given, show
     definition of available names.
 
     Path names are defined in the [paths] section of /etc/mercurial/hgrc
     and $HOME/.hgrc. If run inside a repository, .hg/hgrc is used, too.
     """
     if search:
         for name, path in ui.configitems("paths"):
             if name == search:
                 ui.write("%s\n" % util.hidepassword(path))
                 return
         ui.warn(_("not found!\n"))
         return 1
     else:
         for name, path in ui.configitems("paths"):
             ui.write("%s = %s\n" % (name, util.hidepassword(path)))
 
 def postincoming(ui, repo, modheads, optupdate, checkout):
     if modheads == 0:
         return
     if optupdate:
         if modheads <= 1 or checkout:
             return hg.update(repo, checkout)
         else:
             ui.status(_("not updating, since new heads added\n"))
     if modheads > 1:
         ui.status(_("(run 'hg heads' to see heads, 'hg merge' to merge)\n"))
     else:
         ui.status(_("(run 'hg update' to get a working copy)\n"))
 
 def pull(ui, repo, source="default", **opts):
     """pull changes from the specified source
 
     Pull changes from a remote repository to a local one.
 
     This finds all changes from the repository at the specified path
     or URL and adds them to the local repository. By default, this
     does not update the copy of the project in the working directory.
 
     Valid URLs are of the form:
 
       local/filesystem/path (or file://local/filesystem/path)
       http://[user[:pass]@]host[:port]/[path]
       https://[user[:pass]@]host[:port]/[path]
       ssh://[user[:pass]@]host[:port]/[path]
       static-http://host[:port]/[path]
 
     Paths in the local filesystem can either point to Mercurial
     repositories or to bundle files (as created by 'hg bundle' or
     'hg incoming --bundle'). The static-http:// protocol, albeit slow,
     allows access to a Mercurial repository where you simply use a web
     server to publish the .hg directory as static content.
 
     An optional identifier after # indicates a particular branch, tag,
     or changeset to pull.
 
     Some notes about using SSH with Mercurial:
     - SSH requires an accessible shell account on the destination machine
       and a copy of hg in the remote path or specified with as remotecmd.
     - path is relative to the remote user's home directory by default.
       Use an extra slash at the start of a path to specify an absolute path:
         ssh://example.com//tmp/repository
     - Mercurial doesn't use its own compression via SSH; the right thing
       to do is to configure it in your ~/.ssh/config, e.g.:
         Host *.mylocalnetwork.example.com
           Compression no
         Host *
           Compression yes
       Alternatively specify "ssh -C" as your ssh command in your hgrc or
       with the --ssh command line option.
     """
-    source, revs, checkout = hg.parseurl(ui.expandpath(source), opts['rev'])
+    source, revs, checkout = hg.parseurl(ui.expandpath(source), opts.get('rev'))
     cmdutil.setremoteconfig(ui, opts)
 
     other = hg.repository(ui, source)
     ui.status(_('pulling from %s\n') % util.hidepassword(source))
     if revs:
         try:
             revs = [other.lookup(rev) for rev in revs]
         except NoCapability:
             error = _("Other repository doesn't support revision lookup, "
                       "so a rev cannot be specified.")
             raise util.Abort(error)
 
-    modheads = repo.pull(other, heads=revs, force=opts['force'])
-    return postincoming(ui, repo, modheads, opts['update'], checkout)
+    modheads = repo.pull(other, heads=revs, force=opts.get('force'))
+    return postincoming(ui, repo, modheads, opts.get('update'), checkout)
 
 def push(ui, repo, dest=None, **opts):
     """push changes to the specified destination
 
     Push changes from the local repository to the given destination.
 
     This is the symmetrical operation for pull. It helps to move
     changes from the current repository to a different one. If the
     destination is local this is identical to a pull in that directory
     from the current one.
 
     By default, push will refuse to run if it detects the result would
     increase the number of remote heads. This generally indicates the
     the client has forgotten to pull and merge before pushing.
 
     Valid URLs are of the form:
 
       local/filesystem/path (or file://local/filesystem/path)
       ssh://[user[:pass]@]host[:port]/[path]
       http://[user[:pass]@]host[:port]/[path]
       https://[user[:pass]@]host[:port]/[path]
 
     An optional identifier after # indicates a particular branch, tag,
     or changeset to push. If -r is used, the named changeset and all its
     ancestors will be pushed to the remote repository.
 
     Look at the help text for the pull command for important details
     about ssh:// URLs.
 
     Pushing to http:// and https:// URLs is only possible, if this
     feature is explicitly enabled on the remote Mercurial server.
     """
     dest, revs, checkout = hg.parseurl(
-        ui.expandpath(dest or 'default-push', dest or 'default'), opts['rev'])
+        ui.expandpath(dest or 'default-push', dest or 'default'), opts.get('rev'))
     cmdutil.setremoteconfig(ui, opts)
 
     other = hg.repository(ui, dest)
     ui.status(_('pushing to %s\n') % util.hidepassword(dest))
     if revs:
         revs = [repo.lookup(rev) for rev in revs]
-    r = repo.push(other, opts['force'], revs=revs)
+    r = repo.push(other, opts.get('force'), revs=revs)
     return r == 0
 
 def rawcommit(ui, repo, *pats, **opts):
     """raw commit interface (DEPRECATED)
 
     (DEPRECATED)
     Lowlevel commit, for use in helper scripts.
 
     This command is not intended to be used by normal users, as it is
     primarily useful for importing from other SCMs.
 
     This command is now deprecated and will be removed in a future
     release, please use debugsetparents and commit instead.
     """
 
     ui.warn(_("(the rawcommit command is deprecated)\n"))
 
     message = cmdutil.logmessage(opts)
 
     files = cmdutil.match(repo, pats, opts).files()
-    if opts['files']:
+    if opts.get('files'):
         files += open(opts['files']).read().splitlines()
 
     parents = [repo.lookup(p) for p in opts['parent']]
 
     try:
         repo.rawcommit(files, message, opts['user'], opts['date'], *parents)
     except ValueError, inst:
         raise util.Abort(str(inst))
 
 def recover(ui, repo):
     """roll back an interrupted transaction
 
     Recover from an interrupted commit or pull.
 
     This command tries to fix the repository status after an interrupted
     operation. It should only be necessary when Mercurial suggests it.
     """
     if repo.recover():
         return hg.verify(repo)
     return 1
 
 def remove(ui, repo, *pats, **opts):
     """remove the specified files on the next commit
 
     Schedule the indicated files for removal from the repository.
 
     This only removes files from the current branch, not from the entire
     project history. -A can be used to remove only files that have already
     been deleted, -f can be used to force deletion, and -Af can be used
     to remove files from the next revision without deleting them.
 
     The following table details the behavior of remove for different file
     states (columns) and option combinations (rows). The file states are
     Added, Clean, Modified and Missing (as reported by hg status). The
     actions are Warn, Remove (from branch) and Delete (from disk).
 
            A  C  M  !
     none   W  RD W  R
     -f     R  RD RD R
     -A     W  W  W  R
     -Af    R  R  R  R
 
     This command schedules the files to be removed at the next commit.
     To undo a remove before that, see hg revert.
     """
 
     after, force = opts.get('after'), opts.get('force')
     if not pats and not after:
         raise util.Abort(_('no files specified'))
 
     m = cmdutil.match(repo, pats, opts)
     s = repo.status(match=m, clean=True)
     modified, added, deleted, clean = s[0], s[1], s[3], s[6]
 
     def warn(files, reason):
         for f in files:
             ui.warn(_('not removing %s: file %s (use -f to force removal)\n')
                     % (m.rel(f), reason))
 
     if force:
         remove, forget = modified + deleted + clean, added
     elif after:
         remove, forget = deleted, []
         warn(modified + added + clean, _('still exists'))
     else:
         remove, forget = deleted + clean, []
         warn(modified, _('is modified'))
         warn(added, _('has been marked for add'))
 
     for f in util.sort(remove + forget):
         if ui.verbose or not m.exact(f):
             ui.status(_('removing %s\n') % m.rel(f))
 
     repo.forget(forget)
     repo.remove(remove, unlink=not after)
 
 def rename(ui, repo, *pats, **opts):
     """rename files; equivalent of copy + remove
 
     Mark dest as copies of sources; mark sources for deletion. If
     dest is a directory, copies are put in that directory. If dest is
     a file, there can only be one source.
 
     By default, this command copies the contents of files as they
     stand in the working directory. If invoked with --after, the
     operation is recorded, but no copying is performed.
 
     This command takes effect in the next commit. To undo a rename
     before that, see hg revert.
     """
     wlock = repo.wlock(False)
     try:
         return cmdutil.copy(ui, repo, pats, opts, rename=True)
     finally:
         del wlock
 
 def resolve(ui, repo, *pats, **opts):
     """resolve file merges from a branch merge or update
 
     This command will attempt to resolve unresolved merges from the
     last update or merge command. This will use the local file
     revision preserved at the last update or merge to cleanly retry
     the file merge attempt. With no file or options specified, this
     command will attempt to resolve all unresolved files.
 
     The codes used to show the status of files are:
     U = unresolved
     R = resolved
     """
 
     if len([x for x in opts if opts[x]]) > 1:
         raise util.Abort(_("too many options specified"))
 
     ms = merge_.mergestate(repo)
     m = cmdutil.match(repo, pats, opts)
 
     for f in ms:
         if m(f):
             if opts.get("list"):
                 ui.write("%s %s\n" % (ms[f].upper(), f))
             elif opts.get("mark"):
                 ms.mark(f, "r")
             elif opts.get("unmark"):
                 ms.mark(f, "u")
             else:
                 wctx = repo[None]
                 mctx = wctx.parents()[-1]
                 ms.resolve(f, wctx, mctx)
 
 def revert(ui, repo, *pats, **opts):
     """restore individual files or dirs to an earlier state
 
     (use update -r to check out earlier revisions, revert does not
     change the working dir parents)
 
     With no revision specified, revert the named files or directories
     to the contents they had in the parent of the working directory.
     This restores the contents of the affected files to an unmodified
     state and unschedules adds, removes, copies, and renames. If the
     working directory has two parents, you must explicitly specify the
     revision to revert to.
 
     Using the -r option, revert the given files or directories to their
     contents as of a specific revision. This can be helpful to "roll
     back" some or all of an earlier change.
     See 'hg help dates' for a list of formats valid for -d/--date.
 
     Revert modifies the working directory. It does not commit any
     changes, or change the parent of the working directory. If you
     revert to a revision other than the parent of the working
     directory, the reverted files will thus appear modified
     afterwards.
 
     If a file has been deleted, it is restored. If the executable
     mode of a file was changed, it is reset.
 
     If names are given, all files matching the names are reverted.
     If no arguments are given, no files are reverted.
 
     Modified files are saved with a .orig suffix before reverting.
     To disable these backups, use --no-backup.
     """
 
     if opts["date"]:
         if opts["rev"]:
             raise util.Abort(_("you can't specify a revision and a date"))
         opts["rev"] = cmdutil.finddate(ui, repo, opts["date"])
 
-    if not pats and not opts['all']:
+    if not pats and not opts.get('all'):
         raise util.Abort(_('no files or directories specified; '
                            'use --all to revert the whole repo'))
 
     parent, p2 = repo.dirstate.parents()
-    if not opts['rev'] and p2 != nullid:
+    if not opts.get('rev') and p2 != nullid:
         raise util.Abort(_('uncommitted merge - please provide a '
                            'specific revision'))
-    ctx = repo[opts['rev']]
+    ctx = repo[opts.get('rev')]
     node = ctx.node()
     mf = ctx.manifest()
     if node == parent:
         pmf = mf
     else:
         pmf = None
 
     # need all matching names in dirstate and manifest of target rev,
     # so have to walk both. do not print errors if files exist in one
     # but not other.
 
     names = {}
 
     wlock = repo.wlock()
     try:
         # walk dirstate.
         files = []
 
         m = cmdutil.match(repo, pats, opts)
         m.bad = lambda x,y: False
         for abs in repo.walk(m):
             names[abs] = m.rel(abs), m.exact(abs)
 
         # walk target manifest.
 
         def badfn(path, msg):
             if path in names:
                 return False
             path_ = path + '/'
             for f in names:
                 if f.startswith(path_):
                     return False
             repo.ui.warn("%s: %s\n" % (m.rel(path), msg))
             return False
 
         m = cmdutil.match(repo, pats, opts)
         m.bad = badfn
         for abs in repo[node].walk(m):
             if abs not in names:
                 names[abs] = m.rel(abs), m.exact(abs)
 
         m = cmdutil.matchfiles(repo, names)
         changes = repo.status(match=m)[:4]
         modified, added, removed, deleted = map(dict.fromkeys, changes)
 
         # if f is a rename, also revert the source
         cwd = repo.getcwd()
         for f in added:
             src = repo.dirstate.copied(f)
             if src and src not in names and repo.dirstate[src] == 'r':
                 removed[src] = None
                 names[src] = (repo.pathto(src, cwd), True)
 
         def removeforget(abs):
             if repo.dirstate[abs] == 'a':
                 return _('forgetting %s\n')
             return _('removing %s\n')
 
         revert = ([], _('reverting %s\n'))
         add = ([], _('adding %s\n'))
         remove = ([], removeforget)
         undelete = ([], _('undeleting %s\n'))
 
         disptable = (
             # dispatch table:
             #   file state
             #   action if in target manifest
             #   action if not in target manifest
             #   make backup if in target manifest
             #   make backup if not in target manifest
             (modified, revert, remove, True, True),
             (added, revert, remove, True, False),
             (removed, undelete, None, False, False),
             (deleted, revert, remove, False, False),
             )
 
         for abs, (rel, exact) in util.sort(names.items()):
             mfentry = mf.get(abs)
             target = repo.wjoin(abs)
             def handle(xlist, dobackup):
                 xlist[0].append(abs)
-                if dobackup and not opts['no_backup'] and util.lexists(target):
+                if dobackup and not opts.get('no_backup') and util.lexists(target):
                     bakname = "%s.orig" % rel
                     ui.note(_('saving current version of %s as %s\n') %
                             (rel, bakname))
                     if not opts.get('dry_run'):
                         util.copyfile(target, bakname)
                 if ui.verbose or not exact:
                     msg = xlist[1]
                     if not isinstance(msg, basestring):
                         msg = msg(abs)
                     ui.status(msg % rel)
             for table, hitlist, misslist, backuphit, backupmiss in disptable:
                 if abs not in table: continue
                 # file has changed in dirstate
                 if mfentry:
                     handle(hitlist, backuphit)
                 elif misslist is not None:
                     handle(misslist, backupmiss)
                 break
             else:
                 if abs not in repo.dirstate:
                     if mfentry:
                         handle(add, True)
                     elif exact:
                         ui.warn(_('file not managed: %s\n') % rel)
                     continue
                 # file has not changed in dirstate
                 if node == parent:
                     if exact: ui.warn(_('no changes needed to %s\n') % rel)
                     continue
                 if pmf is None:
                     # only need parent manifest in this unlikely case,
                     # so do not read by default
                     pmf = repo[parent].manifest()
                 if abs in pmf:
                     if mfentry:
                         # if version of file is same in parent and target
                         # manifests, do nothing
                         if (pmf[abs] != mfentry or
                             pmf.flags(abs) != mf.flags(abs)):
                             handle(revert, False)
                     else:
                         handle(remove, False)
 
         if not opts.get('dry_run'):
             def checkout(f):
                 fc = ctx[f]
                 repo.wwrite(f, fc.data(), fc.flags())
 
             audit_path = util.path_auditor(repo.root)
             for f in remove[0]:
                 if repo.dirstate[f] == 'a':
                     repo.dirstate.forget(f)
                     continue
                 audit_path(f)
                 try:
                     util.unlink(repo.wjoin(f))
                 except OSError:
                     pass
                 repo.dirstate.remove(f)
 
             normal = None
             if node == parent:
                 # We're reverting to our parent. If possible, we'd like status
                 # to report the file as clean. We have to use normallookup for
                 # merges to avoid losing information about merged/dirty files.
                 if p2 != nullid:
                     normal = repo.dirstate.normallookup
                 else:
                     normal = repo.dirstate.normal
             for f in revert[0]:
                 checkout(f)
                 if normal:
                     normal(f)
 
             for f in add[0]:
                 checkout(f)
                 repo.dirstate.add(f)
 
             normal = repo.dirstate.normallookup
             if node == parent and p2 == nullid:
                 normal = repo.dirstate.normal
             for f in undelete[0]:
                 checkout(f)
                 normal(f)
 
     finally:
         del wlock
 
 def rollback(ui, repo):
     """roll back the last transaction
 
     This command should be used with care. There is only one level of
     rollback, and there is no way to undo a rollback. It will also
     restore the dirstate at the time of the last transaction, losing
     any dirstate changes since that time.
 
     Transactions are used to encapsulate the effects of all commands
     that create new changesets or propagate existing changesets into a
     repository. For example, the following commands are transactional,
     and their effects can be rolled back:
 
       commit
       import
       pull
       push (with this repository as destination)
       unbundle
 
     This command is not intended for use on public repositories. Once
     changes are visible for pull by other users, rolling a transaction
     back locally is ineffective (someone else may already have pulled
     the changes). Furthermore, a race is possible with readers of the
     repository; for example an in-progress pull from the repository
     may fail if a rollback is performed.
     """
     repo.rollback()
 
 def root(ui, repo):
     """print the root (top) of the current working dir
 
     Print the root directory of the current repository.
     """
     ui.write(repo.root + "\n")
 
 def serve(ui, repo, **opts):
     """export the repository via HTTP
 
     Start a local HTTP repository browser and pull server.
 
     By default, the server logs accesses to stdout and errors to
     stderr. Use the "-A" and "-E" options to log to files.
     """
 
     if opts["stdio"]:
         if repo is None:
             raise RepoError(_("There is no Mercurial repository here"
                               " (.hg not found)"))
         s = sshserver.sshserver(ui, repo)
         s.serve_forever()
 
     parentui = ui.parentui or ui
     optlist = ("name templates style address port prefix ipv6"
                " accesslog errorlog webdir_conf certificate")
     for o in optlist.split():
         if opts[o]:
             parentui.setconfig("web", o, str(opts[o]))
             if (repo is not None) and (repo.ui != parentui):
                 repo.ui.setconfig("web", o, str(opts[o]))
 
     if repo is None and not ui.config("web", "webdir_conf"):
         raise RepoError(_("There is no Mercurial repository here"
                           " (.hg not found)"))
 
     class service:
         def init(self):
             util.set_signal_handler()
             self.httpd = hgweb.server.create_server(parentui, repo)
 
             if not ui.verbose: return
 
             if self.httpd.prefix:
                 prefix = self.httpd.prefix.strip('/') + '/'
             else:
                 prefix = ''
 
             port = ':%d' % self.httpd.port
             if port == ':80':
                 port = ''
 
             bindaddr = self.httpd.addr
             if bindaddr == '0.0.0.0':
                 bindaddr = '*'
             elif ':' in bindaddr: # IPv6
                 bindaddr = '[%s]' % bindaddr
 
             fqaddr = self.httpd.fqaddr
             if ':' in fqaddr:
                 fqaddr = '[%s]' % fqaddr
             ui.status(_('listening at http://%s%s/%s (bound to %s:%d)\n') %
                       (fqaddr, port, prefix, bindaddr, self.httpd.port))
 
         def run(self):
             self.httpd.serve_forever()
 
     service = service()
 
     cmdutil.service(opts, initfn=service.init, runfn=service.run)
 
 def status(ui, repo, *pats, **opts):
     """show changed files in the working directory
 
     Show status of files in the repository. If names are given, only
     files that match are shown. Files that are clean or ignored or
     source of a copy/move operation, are not listed unless -c (clean),
     -i (ignored), -C (copies) or -A is given. Unless options described
     with "show only ..." are given, the options -mardu are used.
 
     Option -q/--quiet hides untracked (unknown and ignored) files
     unless explicitly requested with -u/--unknown or -i/-ignored.
 
     NOTE: status may appear to disagree with diff if permissions have
     changed or a merge has occurred. The standard diff format does not
     report permission changes and diff only reports changes relative
     to one merge parent.
 
     If one revision is given, it is used as the base revision.
     If two revisions are given, the difference between them is shown.
 
     The codes used to show the status of files are:
     M = modified
     A = added
     R = removed
     C = clean
     ! = deleted, but still tracked
     ? = not tracked
     I = ignored
       = the previous added file was copied from here
     """
 
     node1, node2 = cmdutil.revpair(repo, opts.get('rev'))
     cwd = (pats and repo.getcwd()) or ''
-    end = opts['print0'] and '\0' or '\n'
+    end = opts.get('print0') and '\0' or '\n'
     copy = {}
     states = 'modified added removed deleted unknown ignored clean'.split()
     show = [k for k in states if opts[k]]
-    if opts['all']:
+    if opts.get('all'):
         show += ui.quiet and (states[:4] + ['clean']) or states
     if not show:
         show = ui.quiet and states[:4] or states[:5]
 
     stat = repo.status(node1, node2, cmdutil.match(repo, pats, opts),
                        'ignored' in show, 'clean' in show, 'unknown' in show)
     changestates = zip(states, 'MAR!?IC', stat)
 
-    if (opts['all'] or opts['copies']) and not opts['no_status']:
+    if (opts.get('all') or opts.get('copies')) and not opts.get('no_status'):
         ctxn = repo[nullid]
         ctx1 = repo[node1]
         ctx2 = repo[node2]
         added = stat[1]
         if node2 is None:
             added = stat[0] + stat[1] # merged?
 
         for k, v in copies.copies(repo, ctx1, ctx2, ctxn)[0].items():
             if k in added:
                 copy[k] = v
             elif v in added:
                 copy[v] = k
 
     for state, char, files in changestates:
         if state in show:
             format = "%s %%s%s" % (char, end)
-            if opts['no_status']:
+            if opts.get('no_status'):
                 format = "%%s%s" % end
 
             for f in files:
                 ui.write(format % repo.pathto(f, cwd))
                 if f in copy:
                     ui.write('  %s%s' % (repo.pathto(copy[f], cwd), end))
 
 def tag(ui, repo, name1, *names, **opts):
     """add one or more tags for the current or given revision
 
     Name a particular revision using <name>.
 
     Tags are used to name particular revisions of the repository and are
     very useful to compare different revisions, to go back to significant
     earlier versions or to mark branch points as releases, etc.
 
     If no revision is given, the parent of the working directory is used,
     or tip if no revision is checked out.
 
     To facilitate version control, distribution, and merging of tags,
     they are stored as a file named ".hgtags" which is managed
     similarly to other project files and can be hand-edited if
     necessary. The file '.hg/localtags' is used for local tags (not
     shared among repositories).
 
     See 'hg help dates' for a list of formats valid for -d/--date.
     """
 
     rev_ = "."
     names = (name1,) + names
     if len(names) != len(dict.fromkeys(names)):
         raise util.Abort(_('tag names must be unique'))
     for n in names:
         if n in ['tip', '.', 'null']:
             raise util.Abort(_('the name \'%s\' is reserved') % n)
-    if opts['rev'] and opts['remove']:
+    if opts.get('rev') and opts.get('remove'):
         raise util.Abort(_("--rev and --remove are incompatible"))
-    if opts['rev']:
+    if opts.get('rev'):
         rev_ = opts['rev']
-    message = opts['message']
-    if opts['remove']:
-        expectedtype = opts['local'] and 'local' or 'global'
+    message = opts.get('message')
+    if opts.get('remove'):
+        expectedtype = opts.get('local') and 'local' or 'global'
         for n in names:
             if not repo.tagtype(n):
                 raise util.Abort(_('tag \'%s\' does not exist') % n)
             if repo.tagtype(n) != expectedtype:
                 raise util.Abort(_('tag \'%s\' is not a %s tag') %
                                  (n, expectedtype))
         rev_ = nullid
         if not message:
             message = _('Removed tag %s') % ', '.join(names)
-    elif not opts['force']:
+    elif not opts.get('force'):
         for n in names:
             if n in repo.tags():
                 raise util.Abort(_('tag \'%s\' already exists '
                                    '(use -f to force)') % n)
     if not rev_ and repo.dirstate.parents()[1] != nullid:
         raise util.Abort(_('uncommitted merge - please provide a '
                            'specific revision'))
     r = repo[rev_].node()
 
     if not message:
         message = (_('Added tag %s for changeset %s') %
                    (', '.join(names), short(r)))
 
     date = opts.get('date')
     if date:
         date = util.parsedate(date)
 
-    repo.tag(names, r, message, opts['local'], opts['user'], date)
+    repo.tag(names, r, message, opts.get('local'), opts.get('user'), date)
 
 def tags(ui, repo):
     """list repository tags
 
     List the repository tags.
 
     This lists both regular and local tags. When the -v/--verbose switch
     is used, a third column "local" is printed for local tags.
     """
 
     l = repo.tagslist()
     l.reverse()
     hexfunc = ui.debugflag and hex or short
     tagtype = ""
 
     for t, n in l:
         if ui.quiet:
             ui.write("%s\n" % t)
             continue
 
         try:
             hn = hexfunc(n)
             r = "%5d:%s" % (repo.changelog.rev(n), hn)
         except revlog.LookupError:
             r = "    ?:%s" % hn
         else:
             spaces = " " * (30 - util.locallen(t))
             if ui.verbose:
                 if repo.tagtype(t) == 'local':
                     tagtype = " local"
                 else:
                     tagtype = ""
             ui.write("%s%s %s%s\n" % (t, spaces, r, tagtype))
 
 def tip(ui, repo, **opts):
     """show the tip revision
 
     The tip revision (usually just called the tip) is the most
     recently added changeset in the repository, the most recently
     changed head.
 
     If you have just made a commit, that commit will be the tip. If
     you have just pulled changes from another repository, the tip of
     that repository becomes the current tip. The "tip" tag is special
     and cannot be renamed or assigned to a different changeset.
     """
     cmdutil.show_changeset(ui, repo, opts).show(len(repo) - 1)
 
 def unbundle(ui, repo, fname1, *fnames, **opts):
     """apply one or more changegroup files
 
     Apply one or more compressed changegroup files generated by the
     bundle command.
     """
     fnames = (fname1,) + fnames
 
     lock = None
     try:
         lock = repo.lock()
         for fname in fnames:
             if os.path.exists(fname):
                 f = open(fname, "rb")
             else:
                 f = urllib.urlopen(fname)
             gen = changegroup.readbundle(f, fname)
             modheads = repo.addchangegroup(gen, 'unbundle', 'bundle:' + fname)
     finally:
         del lock
 
-    return postincoming(ui, repo, modheads, opts['update'], None)
+    return postincoming(ui, repo, modheads, opts.get('update'), None)
 
 def update(ui, repo, node=None, rev=None, clean=False, date=None):
     """update working directory
 
     Update the repository's working directory to the specified revision,
     or the tip of the current branch if none is specified. Use null as
     the revision to remove the working copy (like 'hg clone -U').
 
     If the requested revision is a descendant of the working
     directory, any outstanding changes in the working directory will
     be merged into the result. If it is not directly descended but is
     on the same named branch, update aborts with a suggestion to use
     merge or update -C instead.
 
     If the requested revision is on a different named branch and the
     working directory is clean, update quietly switches branches.
 
     If you want to update just one file to an older revision, use revert.
 
     See 'hg help dates' for a list of formats valid for --date.
     """
     if rev and node:
         raise util.Abort(_("please specify just one revision"))
 
     if not rev:
         rev = node
 
     if date:
         if rev:
             raise util.Abort(_("you can't specify a revision and a date"))
         rev = cmdutil.finddate(ui, repo, date)
 
     if clean:
         return hg.clean(repo, rev)
     else:
         return hg.update(repo, rev)
 
 def verify(ui, repo):
     """verify the integrity of the repository
 
     Verify the integrity of the current repository.
 
     This will perform an extensive check of the repository's
     integrity, validating the hashes and checksums of each entry in
     the changelog, manifest, and tracked files, as well as the
     integrity of their crosslinks and indices.
     """
     return hg.verify(repo)
 
 def version_(ui):
     """output version and copyright information"""
     ui.write(_("Mercurial Distributed SCM (version %s)\n")
              % version.get_version())
     ui.status(_(
         "\nCopyright (C) 2005-2008 Matt Mackall <[e-mail]> and others\n"
         "This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. "
         "There is NO\nwarranty; "
         "not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"
     ))
 
 # Command options and aliases are listed here, alphabetically
 
 globalopts = [
     ('R', 'repository', '',
      _('repository root directory or symbolic path name')),
     ('', 'cwd', '', _('change working directory')),
     ('y', 'noninteractive', None,
      _('do not prompt, assume \'yes\' for any required answers')),
     ('q', 'quiet', None, _('suppress output')),
     ('v', 'verbose', None, _('enable additional output')),
     ('', 'config', [], _('set/override config option')),
     ('', 'debug', None, _('enable debugging output')),
     ('', 'debugger', None, _('start debugger')),
     ('', 'encoding', util._encoding, _('set the charset encoding')),
     ('', 'encodingmode', util._encodingmode, _('set the charset encoding mode')),
     ('', 'lsprof', None, _('print improved command execution profile')),
     ('', 'traceback', None, _('print traceback on exception')),
     ('', 'time', None, _('time how long the command takes')),
     ('', 'profile', None, _('print command execution profile')),
     ('', 'version', None, _('output version information and exit')),
     ('h', 'help', None, _('display help and exit')),
 ]
 
 dryrunopts = [('n', 'dry-run', None,
                _('do not perform actions, just print output'))]
 
 remoteopts = [
     ('e', 'ssh', '', _('specify ssh command to use')),
     ('', 'remotecmd', '', _('specify hg command to run on the remote side')),
 ]
 
 walkopts = [
     ('I', 'include', [], _('include names matching the given patterns')),
     ('X', 'exclude', [], _('exclude names matching the given patterns')),
 ]
 
 commitopts = [
     ('m', 'message', '', _('use <text> as commit message')),
     ('l', 'logfile', '', _('read commit message from <file>')),
 ]
 
 commitopts2 = [
     ('d', 'date', '', _('record datecode as commit date')),
     ('u', 'user', '', _('record user as committer')),
 ]
 
 templateopts = [
     ('', 'style', '', _('display using template map file')),
     ('', 'template', '', _('display with template')),
 ]
 
 logopts = [
     ('p', 'patch', None, _('show patch')),
     ('l', 'limit', '', _('limit number of changes displayed')),
     ('M', 'no-merges', None, _('do not show merges')),
 ] + templateopts
 
 diffopts = [
     ('a', 'text', None, _('treat all files as text')),
     ('g', 'git', None, _('use git extended diff format')),
     ('', 'nodates', None, _("don't include dates in diff headers"))
 ]
 
 diffopts2 = [
     ('p', 'show-function', None, _('show which function each change is in')),
     ('w', 'ignore-all-space', None,
      _('ignore white space when comparing lines')),
     ('b', 'ignore-space-change', None,
      _('ignore changes in the amount of white space')),
     ('B', 'ignore-blank-lines', None,
      _('ignore changes whose lines are all blank')),
     ('U', 'unified', '', _('number of lines of context to show'))
 ]
 
 table = {
     "^add": (add, walkopts + dryrunopts, _('hg add [OPTION]... [FILE]...')),
     "addremove":
         (addremove,
          [('s', 'similarity', '',
            _('guess renamed files by similarity (0<=s<=100)')),
          ] + walkopts + dryrunopts,
          _('hg addremove [OPTION]... [FILE]...')),
     "^annotate|blame":
         (annotate,
          [('r', 'rev', '', _('annotate the specified revision')),
           ('f', 'follow', None, _('follow file copies and renames')),
           ('a', 'text', None, _('treat all files as text')),
           ('u', 'user', None, _('list the author (long with -v)')),
           ('d', 'date', None, _('list the date (short with -q)')),
           ('n', 'number', None, _('list the revision number (default)')),
           ('c', 'changeset', None, _('list the changeset')),
           ('l', 'line-number', None,
            _('show line number at the first appearance'))
          ] + walkopts,
          _('hg annotate [-r REV] [-f] [-a] [-u] [-d] [-n] [-c] [-l] FILE...')),
     "archive":
         (archive,
          [('', 'no-decode', None, _('do not pass files through decoders')),
           ('p', 'prefix', '', _('directory prefix for files in archive')),
           ('r', 'rev', '', _('revision to distribute')),
           ('t', 'type', '', _('type of distribution to create')),
          ] + walkopts,
          _('hg archive [OPTION]... DEST')),
     "backout":
         (backout,
          [('', 'merge', None,
            _('merge with old dirstate parent after backout')),
           ('', 'parent', '', _('parent to choose when backing out merge')),
           ('r', 'rev', '', _('revision to backout')),
          ] + walkopts + commitopts + commitopts2,
          _('hg backout [OPTION]... [-r] REV')),
     "bisect":
         (bisect,
          [('r', 'reset', False, _('reset bisect state')),
           ('g', 'good', False, _('mark changeset good')),
           ('b', 'bad', False, _('mark changeset bad')),
           ('s', 'skip', False, _('skip testing changeset')),
           ('U', 'noupdate', False, _('do not update to target'))],
          _("hg bisect [-gbsr] [REV]")),
     "branch":
         (branch,
          [('f', 'force', None,
            _('set branch name even if it shadows an existing branch')),
           ('C', 'clean', None, _('reset branch name to parent branch name'))],
          _('hg branch [-fC] [NAME]')),
     "branches":
         (branches,
          [('a', 'active', False,
            _('show only branches that have unmerged heads'))],
          _('hg branches [-a]')),
     "bundle":
         (bundle,
          [('f', 'force', None,
            _('run even when remote repository is unrelated')),
           ('r', 'rev', [],
            _('a changeset up to which you would like to bundle')),
           ('', 'base', [],
            _('a base changeset to specify instead of a destination')),
           ('a', 'all', None, _('bundle all changesets in the repository')),
           ('t', 'type', 'bzip2', _('bundle compression type to use')),
          ] + remoteopts,
          _('hg bundle [-f] [-a] [-r REV]... [--base REV]... FILE [DEST]')),
     "cat":
         (cat,
          [('o', 'output', '', _('print output to file with formatted name')),
           ('r', 'rev', '', _('print the given revision')),
           ('', 'decode', None, _('apply any matching decode filter')),
          ] + walkopts,
          _('hg cat [OPTION]... FILE...')),
     "^clone":
         (clone,
          [('U', 'noupdate', None,
           _('the clone will only contain a repository (no working copy)')),
           ('r', 'rev', [],
            _('a changeset you would like to have after cloning')),
           ('', 'pull', None, _('use pull protocol to copy metadata')),
           ('', 'uncompressed', None,
            _('use uncompressed transfer (fast over LAN)')),
          ] + remoteopts,
          _('hg clone [OPTION]... SOURCE [DEST]')),
     "^commit|ci":
         (commit,
          [('A', 'addremove', None,
            _('mark new/missing files as added/removed before committing')),
          ] + walkopts + commitopts + commitopts2,
          _('hg commit [OPTION]... [FILE]...')),
     "copy|cp":
         (copy,
          [('A', 'after', None, _('record a copy that has already occurred')),
           ('f', 'force', None,
            _('forcibly copy over an existing managed file')),
          ] + walkopts + dryrunopts,
          _('hg copy [OPTION]... [SOURCE]... DEST')),
     "debugancestor": (debugancestor, [],
                       _('hg debugancestor [INDEX] REV1 REV2')),
     "debugcheckstate": (debugcheckstate, [], _('hg debugcheckstate')),
     "debugcomplete":
         (debugcomplete,
          [('o', 'options', None, _('show the command options'))],
          _('hg debugcomplete [-o] CMD')),
     "debugdate":
         (debugdate,
          [('e', 'extended', None, _('try extended date formats'))],
          _('hg debugdate [-e] DATE [RANGE]')),
     "debugdata": (debugdata, [], _('hg debugdata FILE REV')),
     "debugfsinfo": (debugfsinfo, [], _('hg debugfsinfo [PATH]')),
     "debugindex": (debugindex, [], _('hg debugindex FILE')),
     "debugindexdot": (debugindexdot, [], _('hg debugindexdot FILE')),
     "debuginstall": (debuginstall, [], _('hg debuginstall')),
     "debugrawcommit|rawcommit":
         (rawcommit,
          [('p', 'parent', [], _('parent')),
           ('F', 'files', '', _('file list'))
           ] + commitopts + commitopts2,
          _('hg debugrawcommit [OPTION]... [FILE]...')),
     "debugrebuildstate":
         (debugrebuildstate,
          [('r', 'rev', '', _('revision to rebuild to'))],
          _('hg debugrebuildstate [-r REV] [REV]')),
     "debugrename":
         (debugrename,
          [('r', 'rev', '', _('revision to debug'))],
          _('hg debugrename [-r REV] FILE')),
     "debugsetparents":
         (debugsetparents,
          [],
          _('hg debugsetparents REV1 [REV2]')),
     "debugstate":
         (debugstate,
          [('', 'nodates', None, _('do not display the saved mtime'))],
          _('hg debugstate [OPTS]')),
     "debugwalk": (debugwalk, walkopts, _('hg debugwalk [OPTION]... [FILE]...')),
     "^diff":
         (diff,
          [('r', 'rev', [], _('revision'))
          ] + diffopts + diffopts2 + walkopts,
          _('hg diff [OPTION]... [-r REV1 [-r REV2]] [FILE]...')),
     "^export":
         (export,
          [('o', 'output', '', _('print output to file with formatted name')),
           ('', 'switch-parent', None, _('diff against the second parent'))
           ] + diffopts,
          _('hg export [OPTION]... [-o OUTFILESPEC] REV...')),
     "grep":
         (grep,
          [('0', 'print0', None, _('end fields with NUL')),
           ('', 'all', None, _('print all revisions that match')),
           ('f', 'follow', None,
            _('follow changeset history, or file history across copies and renames')),
           ('i', 'ignore-case', None, _('ignore case when matching')),
           ('l', 'files-with-matches', None,
            _('print only filenames and revs that match')),
           ('n', 'line-number', None, _('print matching line numbers')),
           ('r', 'rev', [], _('search in given revision range')),
           ('u', 'user', None, _('list the author (long with -v)')),
           ('d', 'date', None, _('list the date (short with -q)')),
          ] + walkopts,
          _('hg grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE]...')),
     "heads":
         (heads,
          [('r', 'rev', '', _('show only heads which are descendants of rev')),
          ] + templateopts,
          _('hg heads [-r REV] [REV]...')),
     "help": (help_, [], _('hg help [COMMAND]')),
     "identify|id":
         (identify,
          [('r', 'rev', '', _('identify the specified rev')),
           ('n', 'num', None, _('show local revision number')),
           ('i', 'id', None, _('show global revision id')),
           ('b', 'branch', None, _('show branch')),
           ('t', 'tags', None, _('show tags'))],
          _('hg identify [-nibt] [-r REV] [SOURCE]')),
     "import|patch":
         (import_,
          [('p', 'strip', 1,
            _('directory strip option for patch. This has the same\n'
              'meaning as the corresponding patch option')),
           ('b', 'base', '', _('base path')),
           ('f', 'force', None,
            _('skip check for outstanding uncommitted changes')),
           ('', 'no-commit', None, _("don't commit, just update the working directory")),
           ('', 'exact', None,
            _('apply patch to the nodes from which it was generated')),
           ('', 'import-branch', None,
            _('Use any branch information in patch (implied by --exact)'))] +
          commitopts + commitopts2,
          _('hg import [OPTION]... PATCH...')),
     "incoming|in":
         (incoming,
          [('f', 'force', None,
            _('run even when remote repository is unrelated')),
           ('n', 'newest-first', None, _('show newest record first')),
           ('', 'bundle', '', _('file to store the bundles into')),
           ('r', 'rev', [],
            _('a specific revision up to which you would like to pull')),
          ] + logopts + remoteopts,
          _('hg incoming [-p] [-n] [-M] [-f] [-r REV]...'
            ' [--bundle FILENAME] [SOURCE]')),
     "^init":
         (init,
          remoteopts,
          _('hg init [-e CMD] [--remotecmd CMD] [DEST]')),
     "locate":
         (locate,
          [('r', 'rev', '', _('search the repository as it stood at rev')),
           ('0', 'print0', None,
            _('end filenames with NUL, for use with xargs')),
           ('f', 'fullpath', None,
            _('print complete paths from the filesystem root')),
          ] + walkopts,
          _('hg locate [OPTION]... [PATTERN]...')),
     "^log|history":
         (log,
          [('f', 'follow', None,
            _('follow changeset history, or file history across copies and renames')),
           ('', 'follow-first', None,
            _('only follow the first parent of merge changesets')),
           ('d', 'date', '', _('show revs matching date spec')),
           ('C', 'copies', None, _('show copied files')),
           ('k', 'keyword', [], _('do case-insensitive search for a keyword')),
           ('r', 'rev', [], _('show the specified revision or range')),
           ('', 'removed', None, _('include revs where files were removed')),
           ('m', 'only-merges', None, _('show only merges')),
           ('b', 'only-branch', [],
             _('show only changesets within the given named branch')),
           ('P', 'prune', [], _('do not display revision or any of its ancestors')),
          ] + logopts + walkopts,
          _('hg log [OPTION]... [FILE]')),
     "manifest":
         (manifest,
          [('r', 'rev', '', _('revision to display'))],
          _('hg manifest [-r REV]')),
     "^merge":
         (merge,
          [('f', 'force', None, _('force a merge with outstanding changes')),
           ('r', 'rev', '', _('revision to merge')),
              ],
          _('hg merge [-f] [[-r] REV]')),
     "outgoing|out":
         (outgoing,
          [('f', 'force', None,
            _('run even when remote repository is unrelated')),
           ('r', 'rev', [],
            _('a specific revision up to which you would like to push')),
           ('n', 'newest-first', None, _('show newest record first')),
          ] + logopts + remoteopts,
          _('hg outgoing [-M] [-p] [-n] [-f] [-r REV]... [DEST]')),
     "^parents":
         (parents,
          [('r', 'rev', '', _('show parents from the specified rev')),
          ] + templateopts,
          _('hg parents [-r REV] [FILE]')),
     "paths": (paths, [], _('hg paths [NAME]')),
     "^pull":
         (pull,
          [('u', 'update', None,
            _('update to new tip if changesets were pulled')),
           ('f', 'force', None,
            _('run even when remote repository is unrelated')),
           ('r', 'rev', [],
            _('a specific revision up to which you would like to pull')),
          ] + remoteopts,
          _('hg pull [-u] [-f] [-r REV]... [-e CMD] [--remotecmd CMD] [SOURCE]')),
     "^push":
         (push,
          [('f', 'force', None, _('force push')),
           ('r', 'rev', [],
            _('a specific revision up to which you would like to push')),
          ] + remoteopts,
          _('hg push [-f] [-r REV]... [-e CMD] [--remotecmd CMD] [DEST]')),
     "recover": (recover, [], _('hg recover')),
     "^remove|rm":
         (remove,
          [('A', 'after', None, _('record delete for missing files')),
           ('f', 'force', None,
            _('remove (and delete) file even if added or modified')),
          ] + walkopts,
          _('hg remove [OPTION]... FILE...')),
     "rename|mv":
         (rename,
          [('A', 'after', None, _('record a rename that has already occurred')),
           ('f', 'force', None,
            _('forcibly copy over an existing managed file')),
          ] + walkopts + dryrunopts,
          _('hg rename [OPTION]... SOURCE... DEST')),
     "resolve":
         (resolve,
          [('l', 'list', None, _('list state of files needing merge')),
           ('m', 'mark', None, _('mark files as resolved')),
           ('u', 'unmark', None, _('unmark files as resolved'))],
           _('hg resolve [OPTION] [FILES...]')),
     "revert":
         (revert,
          [('a', 'all', None, _('revert all changes when no arguments given')),
           ('d', 'date', '', _('tipmost revision matching date')),
           ('r', 'rev', '', _('revision to revert to')),
           ('', 'no-backup', None, _('do not save backup copies of files')),
          ] + walkopts + dryrunopts,
          _('hg revert [OPTION]... [-r REV] [NAME]...')),
     "rollback": (rollback, [], _('hg rollback')),
     "root": (root, [], _('hg root')),
     "^serve":
         (serve,
          [('A', 'accesslog', '', _('name of access log file to write to')),
           ('d', 'daemon', None, _('run server in background')),
           ('', 'daemon-pipefds', '', _('used internally by daemon mode')),
           ('E', 'errorlog', '', _('name of error log file to write to')),
           ('p', 'port', 0, _('port to listen on (default: 8000)')),
           ('a', 'address', '', _('address to listen on (default: all interfaces)')),
           ('', 'prefix', '', _('prefix path to serve from (default: server root)')),
           ('n', 'name', '',
            _('name to show in web pages (default: working dir)')),
           ('', 'webdir-conf', '', _('name of the webdir config file'
                                     ' (serve more than one repo)')),
           ('', 'pid-file', '', _('name of file to write process ID to')),
           ('', 'stdio', None, _('for remote clients')),
           ('t', 'templates', '', _('web templates to use')),
           ('', 'style', '', _('template style to use')),
           ('6', 'ipv6', None, _('use IPv6 in addition to IPv4')),
           ('', 'certificate', '', _('SSL certificate file'))],
          _('hg serve [OPTION]...')),
     "showconfig|debugconfig":
         (showconfig,
          [('u', 'untrusted', None, _('show untrusted configuration options'))],
          _('hg showconfig [-u] [NAME]...')),
     "^status|st":
         (status,
          [('A', 'all', None, _('show status of all files')),
           ('m', 'modified', None, _('show only modified files')),
           ('a', 'added', None, _('show only added files')),
           ('r', 'removed', None, _('show only removed files')),
           ('d', 'deleted', None, _('show only deleted (but tracked) files')),
           ('c', 'clean', None, _('show only files without changes')),
           ('u', 'unknown', None, _('show only unknown (not tracked) files')),
           ('i', 'ignored', None, _('show only ignored files')),
           ('n', 'no-status', None, _('hide status prefix')),
           ('C', 'copies', None, _('show source of copied files')),
           ('0', 'print0', None,
            _('end filenames with NUL, for use with xargs')),
           ('', 'rev', [], _('show difference from revision')),
          ] + walkopts,
          _('hg status [OPTION]... [FILE]...')),
     "tag":
         (tag,
          [('f', 'force', None, _('replace existing tag')),
           ('l', 'local', None, _('make the tag local')),
           ('r', 'rev', '', _('revision to tag')),
           ('', 'remove', None, _('remove a tag')),
           # -l/--local is already there, commitopts cannot be used
           ('m', 'message', '', _('use <text> as commit message')),
          ] + commitopts2,
          _('hg tag [-l] [-m TEXT] [-d DATE] [-u USER] [-r REV] NAME...')),
     "tags": (tags, [], _('hg tags')),
     "tip":
         (tip,
          [('p', 'patch', None, _('show patch')),
          ] + templateopts,
          _('hg tip [-p]')),
     "unbundle":
         (unbundle,
          [('u', 'update', None,
            _('update to new tip if changesets were unbundled'))],
          _('hg unbundle [-u] FILE...')),
     "^update|up|checkout|co":
         (update,
          [('C', 'clean', None, _('overwrite locally modified files (no backup)')),
           ('d', 'date', '', _('tipmost revision matching date')),
           ('r', 'rev', '', _('revision'))],
          _('hg update [-C] [-d DATE] [[-r] REV]')),
     "verify": (verify, [], _('hg verify')),
     "version": (version_, [], _('hg version')),
 }
 
 norepo = ("clone init version help debugcomplete debugdata"
           " debugindex debugindexdot debugdate debuginstall debugfsinfo")
 optionalrepo = ("identify paths serve showconfig debugancestor")