revlog: change generaldelta delta parent heuristic

The old generaldelta heuristic was "if p1 (or p2) was closer than the last full text,
use it, otherwise use prev". This was problematic when a repo contained multiple
branches that were very different. If commits to branch A were pushed, and the
last full text was branch B, it would generate a fulltext. Then if branch B was
pushed, it would generate another fulltext. The problem is that the last
fulltext (and delta'ing against `prev` in general) has no correlation with the
contents of the incoming revision, and therefore will always have degenerate
cases.

According to the blame, that algorithm was chosen to minimize the chain length.
Since there is already code that protects against that (the delta-vs-fulltext
code), and since it has been improved since the original generaldelta algorithm
went in (2011), I believe the chain length criteria will still be preserved.

The new algorithm always diffs against p1 (or p2 if it's closer), unless the
resulting delta will fail the delta-vs-fulltext check, in which case we delta
against prev.

Some before and after stats on manifest.d size.

internal large repo
old heuristic - 2.0 GB
new heuristic - 1.2 GB

mozilla-central
old heuristic - 242 MB
new heuristic - 261 MB

The regression in mozilla central is due to the new heuristic choosing p2r as
the delta when it's closer to the tip. Switching the algorithm to always prefer
p1r brings the size back down (242 MB). This is result of the way in which
mozilla does merges and pushes, and the result could easily swing the other
direction in other repos (depending on if they merge X into Y or Y into X), but
will never be as degenerate as before.

I future patch will address the regression by introducing an optional, even more
aggressive delta heuristic which will knock the mozilla manifest size down
dramatically.

mercurial/revlog.py

@@ -1,1626 +1,1629
 # revlog.py - storage back-end for mercurial
 #
 # Copyright 2005-2007 Matt Mackall <[e-mail]>
 #
 # This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
 # GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
 
 """Storage back-end for Mercurial.
 
 This provides efficient delta storage with O(1) retrieve and append
 and O(changes) merge between branches.
 """
 
 # import stuff from node for others to import from revlog
 import collections
 from node import bin, hex, nullid, nullrev
 from i18n import _
 import ancestor, mdiff, parsers, error, util, templatefilters
 import struct, zlib, errno
 
 _pack = struct.pack
 _unpack = struct.unpack
 _compress = zlib.compress
 _decompress = zlib.decompress
 _sha = util.sha1
 
 # revlog header flags
 REVLOGV0 = 0
 REVLOGNG = 1
 REVLOGNGINLINEDATA = (1 << 16)
 REVLOGGENERALDELTA = (1 << 17)
 REVLOG_DEFAULT_FLAGS = REVLOGNGINLINEDATA
 REVLOG_DEFAULT_FORMAT = REVLOGNG
 REVLOG_DEFAULT_VERSION = REVLOG_DEFAULT_FORMAT | REVLOG_DEFAULT_FLAGS
 REVLOGNG_FLAGS = REVLOGNGINLINEDATA | REVLOGGENERALDELTA
 
 # revlog index flags
 REVIDX_ISCENSORED = (1 << 15) # revision has censor metadata, must be verified
 REVIDX_DEFAULT_FLAGS = 0
 REVIDX_KNOWN_FLAGS = REVIDX_ISCENSORED
 
 # max size of revlog with inline data
 _maxinline = 131072
 _chunksize = 1048576
 
 RevlogError = error.RevlogError
 LookupError = error.LookupError
 CensoredNodeError = error.CensoredNodeError
 
 def getoffset(q):
     return int(q >> 16)
 
 def gettype(q):
     return int(q & 0xFFFF)
 
 def offset_type(offset, type):
     return long(long(offset) << 16 | type)
 
 _nullhash = _sha(nullid)
 
 def hash(text, p1, p2):
     """generate a hash from the given text and its parent hashes
 
     This hash combines both the current file contents and its history
     in a manner that makes it easy to distinguish nodes with the same
     content in the revision graph.
     """
     # As of now, if one of the parent node is null, p2 is null
     if p2 == nullid:
         # deep copy of a hash is faster than creating one
         s = _nullhash.copy()
         s.update(p1)
     else:
         # none of the parent nodes are nullid
         l = [p1, p2]
         l.sort()
         s = _sha(l[0])
         s.update(l[1])
     s.update(text)
     return s.digest()
 
 def decompress(bin):
     """ decompress the given input """
     if not bin:
         return bin
     t = bin[0]
     if t == '\0':
         return bin
     if t == 'x':
         try:
             return _decompress(bin)
         except zlib.error as e:
             raise RevlogError(_("revlog decompress error: %s") % str(e))
     if t == 'u':
         return bin[1:]
     raise RevlogError(_("unknown compression type %r") % t)
 
 # index v0:
 #  4 bytes: offset
 #  4 bytes: compressed length
 #  4 bytes: base rev
 #  4 bytes: link rev
 # 20 bytes: parent 1 nodeid
 # 20 bytes: parent 2 nodeid
 # 20 bytes: nodeid
 indexformatv0 = ">4l20s20s20s"
 
 class revlogoldio(object):
     def __init__(self):
         self.size = struct.calcsize(indexformatv0)
 
     def parseindex(self, data, inline):
         s = self.size
         index = []
         nodemap =  {nullid: nullrev}
         n = off = 0
         l = len(data)
         while off + s <= l:
             cur = data[off:off + s]
             off += s
             e = _unpack(indexformatv0, cur)
             # transform to revlogv1 format
             e2 = (offset_type(e[0], 0), e[1], -1, e[2], e[3],
                   nodemap.get(e[4], nullrev), nodemap.get(e[5], nullrev), e[6])
             index.append(e2)
             nodemap[e[6]] = n
             n += 1
 
         # add the magic null revision at -1
         index.append((0, 0, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, nullid))
 
         return index, nodemap, None
 
     def packentry(self, entry, node, version, rev):
         if gettype(entry[0]):
             raise RevlogError(_("index entry flags need RevlogNG"))
         e2 = (getoffset(entry[0]), entry[1], entry[3], entry[4],
               node(entry[5]), node(entry[6]), entry[7])
         return _pack(indexformatv0, *e2)
 
 # index ng:
 #  6 bytes: offset
 #  2 bytes: flags
 #  4 bytes: compressed length
 #  4 bytes: uncompressed length
 #  4 bytes: base rev
 #  4 bytes: link rev
 #  4 bytes: parent 1 rev
 #  4 bytes: parent 2 rev
 # 32 bytes: nodeid
 indexformatng = ">Qiiiiii20s12x"
 versionformat = ">I"
 
 # corresponds to uncompressed length of indexformatng (2 gigs, 4-byte
 # signed integer)
 _maxentrysize = 0x7fffffff
 
 class revlogio(object):
     def __init__(self):
         self.size = struct.calcsize(indexformatng)
 
     def parseindex(self, data, inline):
         # call the C implementation to parse the index data
         index, cache = parsers.parse_index2(data, inline)
         return index, getattr(index, 'nodemap', None), cache
 
     def packentry(self, entry, node, version, rev):
         p = _pack(indexformatng, *entry)
         if rev == 0:
             p = _pack(versionformat, version) + p[4:]
         return p
 
 class revlog(object):
     """
     the underlying revision storage object
 
     A revlog consists of two parts, an index and the revision data.
 
     The index is a file with a fixed record size containing
     information on each revision, including its nodeid (hash), the
     nodeids of its parents, the position and offset of its data within
     the data file, and the revision it's based on. Finally, each entry
     contains a linkrev entry that can serve as a pointer to external
     data.
 
     The revision data itself is a linear collection of data chunks.
     Each chunk represents a revision and is usually represented as a
     delta against the previous chunk. To bound lookup time, runs of
     deltas are limited to about 2 times the length of the original
     version data. This makes retrieval of a version proportional to
     its size, or O(1) relative to the number of revisions.
 
     Both pieces of the revlog are written to in an append-only
     fashion, which means we never need to rewrite a file to insert or
     remove data, and can use some simple techniques to avoid the need
     for locking while reading.
     """
     def __init__(self, opener, indexfile):
         """
         create a revlog object
 
         opener is a function that abstracts the file opening operation
         and can be used to implement COW semantics or the like.
         """
         self.indexfile = indexfile
         self.datafile = indexfile[:-2] + ".d"
         self.opener = opener
         self._cache = None
         self._basecache = None
         self._chunkcache = (0, '')
         self._chunkcachesize = 65536
         self._maxchainlen = None
         self.index = []
         self._pcache = {}
         self._nodecache = {nullid: nullrev}
         self._nodepos = None
 
         v = REVLOG_DEFAULT_VERSION
         opts = getattr(opener, 'options', None)
         if opts is not None:
             if 'revlogv1' in opts:
                 if 'generaldelta' in opts:
                     v |= REVLOGGENERALDELTA
             else:
                 v = 0
             if 'chunkcachesize' in opts:
                 self._chunkcachesize = opts['chunkcachesize']
             if 'maxchainlen' in opts:
                 self._maxchainlen = opts['maxchainlen']
 
         if self._chunkcachesize <= 0:
             raise RevlogError(_('revlog chunk cache size %r is not greater '
                                 'than 0') % self._chunkcachesize)
         elif self._chunkcachesize & (self._chunkcachesize - 1):
             raise RevlogError(_('revlog chunk cache size %r is not a power '
                                 'of 2') % self._chunkcachesize)
 
         i = ''
         self._initempty = True
         try:
             f = self.opener(self.indexfile)
             i = f.read()
             f.close()
             if len(i) > 0:
                 v = struct.unpack(versionformat, i[:4])[0]
                 self._initempty = False
         except IOError as inst:
             if inst.errno != errno.ENOENT:
                 raise
 
         self.version = v
         self._inline = v & REVLOGNGINLINEDATA
         self._generaldelta = v & REVLOGGENERALDELTA
         flags = v & ~0xFFFF
         fmt = v & 0xFFFF
         if fmt == REVLOGV0 and flags:
             raise RevlogError(_("index %s unknown flags %#04x for format v0")
                               % (self.indexfile, flags >> 16))
         elif fmt == REVLOGNG and flags & ~REVLOGNG_FLAGS:
             raise RevlogError(_("index %s unknown flags %#04x for revlogng")
                               % (self.indexfile, flags >> 16))
         elif fmt > REVLOGNG:
             raise RevlogError(_("index %s unknown format %d")
                               % (self.indexfile, fmt))
 
         self._io = revlogio()
         if self.version == REVLOGV0:
             self._io = revlogoldio()
         try:
             d = self._io.parseindex(i, self._inline)
         except (ValueError, IndexError):
             raise RevlogError(_("index %s is corrupted") % (self.indexfile))
         self.index, nodemap, self._chunkcache = d
         if nodemap is not None:
             self.nodemap = self._nodecache = nodemap
         if not self._chunkcache:
             self._chunkclear()
         # revnum -> (chain-length, sum-delta-length)
         self._chaininfocache = {}
 
     def tip(self):
         return self.node(len(self.index) - 2)
     def __contains__(self, rev):
         return 0 <= rev < len(self)
     def __len__(self):
         return len(self.index) - 1
     def __iter__(self):
         return iter(xrange(len(self)))
     def revs(self, start=0, stop=None):
         """iterate over all rev in this revlog (from start to stop)"""
         step = 1
         if stop is not None:
             if start > stop:
                 step = -1
             stop += step
         else:
             stop = len(self)
         return xrange(start, stop, step)
 
     @util.propertycache
     def nodemap(self):
         self.rev(self.node(0))
         return self._nodecache
 
     def hasnode(self, node):
         try:
             self.rev(node)
             return True
         except KeyError:
             return False
 
     def clearcaches(self):
         try:
             self._nodecache.clearcaches()
         except AttributeError:
             self._nodecache = {nullid: nullrev}
             self._nodepos = None
 
     def rev(self, node):
         try:
             return self._nodecache[node]
         except TypeError:
             raise
         except RevlogError:
             # parsers.c radix tree lookup failed
             raise LookupError(node, self.indexfile, _('no node'))
         except KeyError:
             # pure python cache lookup failed
             n = self._nodecache
             i = self.index
             p = self._nodepos
             if p is None:
                 p = len(i) - 2
             for r in xrange(p, -1, -1):
                 v = i[r][7]
                 n[v] = r
                 if v == node:
                     self._nodepos = r - 1
                     return r
             raise LookupError(node, self.indexfile, _('no node'))
 
     def node(self, rev):
         return self.index[rev][7]
     def linkrev(self, rev):
         return self.index[rev][4]
     def parents(self, node):
         i = self.index
         d = i[self.rev(node)]
         return i[d[5]][7], i[d[6]][7] # map revisions to nodes inline
     def parentrevs(self, rev):
         return self.index[rev][5:7]
     def start(self, rev):
         return int(self.index[rev][0] >> 16)
     def end(self, rev):
         return self.start(rev) + self.length(rev)
     def length(self, rev):
         return self.index[rev][1]
     def chainbase(self, rev):
         index = self.index
         base = index[rev][3]
         while base != rev:
             rev = base
             base = index[rev][3]
         return base
     def chainlen(self, rev):
         return self._chaininfo(rev)[0]
 
     def _chaininfo(self, rev):
         chaininfocache = self._chaininfocache
         if rev in chaininfocache:
             return chaininfocache[rev]
         index = self.index
         generaldelta = self._generaldelta
         iterrev = rev
         e = index[iterrev]
         clen = 0
         compresseddeltalen = 0
         while iterrev != e[3]:
             clen += 1
             compresseddeltalen += e[1]
             if generaldelta:
                 iterrev = e[3]
             else:
                 iterrev -= 1
             if iterrev in chaininfocache:
                 t = chaininfocache[iterrev]
                 clen += t[0]
                 compresseddeltalen += t[1]
                 break
             e = index[iterrev]
         else:
             # Add text length of base since decompressing that also takes
             # work. For cache hits the length is already included.
             compresseddeltalen += e[1]
         r = (clen, compresseddeltalen)
         chaininfocache[rev] = r
         return r
 
     def flags(self, rev):
         return self.index[rev][0] & 0xFFFF
     def rawsize(self, rev):
         """return the length of the uncompressed text for a given revision"""
         l = self.index[rev][2]
         if l >= 0:
             return l
 
         t = self.revision(self.node(rev))
         return len(t)
     size = rawsize
 
     def ancestors(self, revs, stoprev=0, inclusive=False):
         """Generate the ancestors of 'revs' in reverse topological order.
         Does not generate revs lower than stoprev.
 
         See the documentation for ancestor.lazyancestors for more details."""
 
         return ancestor.lazyancestors(self.parentrevs, revs, stoprev=stoprev,
                                       inclusive=inclusive)
 
     def descendants(self, revs):
         """Generate the descendants of 'revs' in revision order.
 
         Yield a sequence of revision numbers starting with a child of
         some rev in revs, i.e., each revision is *not* considered a
         descendant of itself.  Results are ordered by revision number (a
         topological sort)."""
         first = min(revs)
         if first == nullrev:
             for i in self:
                 yield i
             return
 
         seen = set(revs)
         for i in self.revs(start=first + 1):
             for x in self.parentrevs(i):
                 if x != nullrev and x in seen:
                     seen.add(i)
                     yield i
                     break
 
     def findcommonmissing(self, common=None, heads=None):
         """Return a tuple of the ancestors of common and the ancestors of heads
         that are not ancestors of common. In revset terminology, we return the
         tuple:
 
           ::common, (::heads) - (::common)
 
         The list is sorted by revision number, meaning it is
         topologically sorted.
 
         'heads' and 'common' are both lists of node IDs.  If heads is
         not supplied, uses all of the revlog's heads.  If common is not
         supplied, uses nullid."""
         if common is None:
             common = [nullid]
         if heads is None:
             heads = self.heads()
 
         common = [self.rev(n) for n in common]
         heads = [self.rev(n) for n in heads]
 
         # we want the ancestors, but inclusive
         class lazyset(object):
             def __init__(self, lazyvalues):
                 self.addedvalues = set()
                 self.lazyvalues = lazyvalues
 
             def __contains__(self, value):
                 return value in self.addedvalues or value in self.lazyvalues
 
             def __iter__(self):
                 added = self.addedvalues
                 for r in added:
                     yield r
                 for r in self.lazyvalues:
                     if not r in added:
                         yield r
 
             def add(self, value):
                 self.addedvalues.add(value)
 
             def update(self, values):
                 self.addedvalues.update(values)
 
         has = lazyset(self.ancestors(common))
         has.add(nullrev)
         has.update(common)
 
         # take all ancestors from heads that aren't in has
         missing = set()
         visit = collections.deque(r for r in heads if r not in has)
         while visit:
             r = visit.popleft()
             if r in missing:
                 continue
             else:
                 missing.add(r)
                 for p in self.parentrevs(r):
                     if p not in has:
                         visit.append(p)
         missing = list(missing)
         missing.sort()
         return has, [self.node(r) for r in missing]
 
     def incrementalmissingrevs(self, common=None):
         """Return an object that can be used to incrementally compute the
         revision numbers of the ancestors of arbitrary sets that are not
         ancestors of common. This is an ancestor.incrementalmissingancestors
         object.
 
         'common' is a list of revision numbers. If common is not supplied, uses
         nullrev.
         """
         if common is None:
             common = [nullrev]
 
         return ancestor.incrementalmissingancestors(self.parentrevs, common)
 
     def findmissingrevs(self, common=None, heads=None):
         """Return the revision numbers of the ancestors of heads that
         are not ancestors of common.
 
         More specifically, return a list of revision numbers corresponding to
         nodes N such that every N satisfies the following constraints:
 
           1. N is an ancestor of some node in 'heads'
           2. N is not an ancestor of any node in 'common'
 
         The list is sorted by revision number, meaning it is
         topologically sorted.
 
         'heads' and 'common' are both lists of revision numbers.  If heads is
         not supplied, uses all of the revlog's heads.  If common is not
         supplied, uses nullid."""
         if common is None:
             common = [nullrev]
         if heads is None:
             heads = self.headrevs()
 
         inc = self.incrementalmissingrevs(common=common)
         return inc.missingancestors(heads)
 
     def findmissing(self, common=None, heads=None):
         """Return the ancestors of heads that are not ancestors of common.
 
         More specifically, return a list of nodes N such that every N
         satisfies the following constraints:
 
           1. N is an ancestor of some node in 'heads'
           2. N is not an ancestor of any node in 'common'
 
         The list is sorted by revision number, meaning it is
         topologically sorted.
 
         'heads' and 'common' are both lists of node IDs.  If heads is
         not supplied, uses all of the revlog's heads.  If common is not
         supplied, uses nullid."""
         if common is None:
             common = [nullid]
         if heads is None:
             heads = self.heads()
 
         common = [self.rev(n) for n in common]
         heads = [self.rev(n) for n in heads]
 
         inc = self.incrementalmissingrevs(common=common)
         return [self.node(r) for r in inc.missingancestors(heads)]
 
     def nodesbetween(self, roots=None, heads=None):
         """Return a topological path from 'roots' to 'heads'.
 
         Return a tuple (nodes, outroots, outheads) where 'nodes' is a
         topologically sorted list of all nodes N that satisfy both of
         these constraints:
 
           1. N is a descendant of some node in 'roots'
           2. N is an ancestor of some node in 'heads'
 
         Every node is considered to be both a descendant and an ancestor
         of itself, so every reachable node in 'roots' and 'heads' will be
         included in 'nodes'.
 
         'outroots' is the list of reachable nodes in 'roots', i.e., the
         subset of 'roots' that is returned in 'nodes'.  Likewise,
         'outheads' is the subset of 'heads' that is also in 'nodes'.
 
         'roots' and 'heads' are both lists of node IDs.  If 'roots' is
         unspecified, uses nullid as the only root.  If 'heads' is
         unspecified, uses list of all of the revlog's heads."""
         nonodes = ([], [], [])
         if roots is not None:
             roots = list(roots)
             if not roots:
                 return nonodes
             lowestrev = min([self.rev(n) for n in roots])
         else:
             roots = [nullid] # Everybody's a descendant of nullid
             lowestrev = nullrev
         if (lowestrev == nullrev) and (heads is None):
             # We want _all_ the nodes!
             return ([self.node(r) for r in self], [nullid], list(self.heads()))
         if heads is None:
             # All nodes are ancestors, so the latest ancestor is the last
             # node.
             highestrev = len(self) - 1
             # Set ancestors to None to signal that every node is an ancestor.
             ancestors = None
             # Set heads to an empty dictionary for later discovery of heads
             heads = {}
         else:
             heads = list(heads)
             if not heads:
                 return nonodes
             ancestors = set()
             # Turn heads into a dictionary so we can remove 'fake' heads.
             # Also, later we will be using it to filter out the heads we can't
             # find from roots.
             heads = dict.fromkeys(heads, False)
             # Start at the top and keep marking parents until we're done.
             nodestotag = set(heads)
             # Remember where the top was so we can use it as a limit later.
             highestrev = max([self.rev(n) for n in nodestotag])
             while nodestotag:
                 # grab a node to tag
                 n = nodestotag.pop()
                 # Never tag nullid
                 if n == nullid:
                     continue
                 # A node's revision number represents its place in a
                 # topologically sorted list of nodes.
                 r = self.rev(n)
                 if r >= lowestrev:
                     if n not in ancestors:
                         # If we are possibly a descendant of one of the roots
                         # and we haven't already been marked as an ancestor
                         ancestors.add(n) # Mark as ancestor
                         # Add non-nullid parents to list of nodes to tag.
                         nodestotag.update([p for p in self.parents(n) if
                                            p != nullid])
                     elif n in heads: # We've seen it before, is it a fake head?
                         # So it is, real heads should not be the ancestors of
                         # any other heads.
                         heads.pop(n)
             if not ancestors:
                 return nonodes
             # Now that we have our set of ancestors, we want to remove any
             # roots that are not ancestors.
 
             # If one of the roots was nullid, everything is included anyway.
             if lowestrev > nullrev:
                 # But, since we weren't, let's recompute the lowest rev to not
                 # include roots that aren't ancestors.
 
                 # Filter out roots that aren't ancestors of heads
                 roots = [n for n in roots if n in ancestors]
                 # Recompute the lowest revision
                 if roots:
                     lowestrev = min([self.rev(n) for n in roots])
                 else:
                     # No more roots?  Return empty list
                     return nonodes
             else:
                 # We are descending from nullid, and don't need to care about
                 # any other roots.
                 lowestrev = nullrev
                 roots = [nullid]
         # Transform our roots list into a set.
         descendants = set(roots)
         # Also, keep the original roots so we can filter out roots that aren't
         # 'real' roots (i.e. are descended from other roots).
         roots = descendants.copy()
         # Our topologically sorted list of output nodes.
         orderedout = []
         # Don't start at nullid since we don't want nullid in our output list,
         # and if nullid shows up in descendants, empty parents will look like
         # they're descendants.
         for r in self.revs(start=max(lowestrev, 0), stop=highestrev + 1):
             n = self.node(r)
             isdescendant = False
             if lowestrev == nullrev:  # Everybody is a descendant of nullid
                 isdescendant = True
             elif n in descendants:
                 # n is already a descendant
                 isdescendant = True
                 # This check only needs to be done here because all the roots
                 # will start being marked is descendants before the loop.
                 if n in roots:
                     # If n was a root, check if it's a 'real' root.
                     p = tuple(self.parents(n))
                     # If any of its parents are descendants, it's not a root.
                     if (p[0] in descendants) or (p[1] in descendants):
                         roots.remove(n)
             else:
                 p = tuple(self.parents(n))
                 # A node is a descendant if either of its parents are
                 # descendants.  (We seeded the dependents list with the roots
                 # up there, remember?)
                 if (p[0] in descendants) or (p[1] in descendants):
                     descendants.add(n)
                     isdescendant = True
             if isdescendant and ((ancestors is None) or (n in ancestors)):
                 # Only include nodes that are both descendants and ancestors.
                 orderedout.append(n)
                 if (ancestors is not None) and (n in heads):
                     # We're trying to figure out which heads are reachable
                     # from roots.
                     # Mark this head as having been reached
                     heads[n] = True
                 elif ancestors is None:
                     # Otherwise, we're trying to discover the heads.
                     # Assume this is a head because if it isn't, the next step
                     # will eventually remove it.
                     heads[n] = True
                     # But, obviously its parents aren't.
                     for p in self.parents(n):
                         heads.pop(p, None)
         heads = [n for n, flag in heads.iteritems() if flag]
         roots = list(roots)
         assert orderedout
         assert roots
         assert heads
         return (orderedout, roots, heads)
 
     def headrevs(self):
         try:
             return self.index.headrevs()
         except AttributeError:
             return self._headrevs()
 
     def computephases(self, roots):
         return self.index.computephasesmapsets(roots)
 
     def _headrevs(self):
         count = len(self)
         if not count:
             return [nullrev]
         # we won't iter over filtered rev so nobody is a head at start
         ishead = [0] * (count + 1)
         index = self.index
         for r in self:
             ishead[r] = 1  # I may be an head
             e = index[r]
             ishead[e[5]] = ishead[e[6]] = 0  # my parent are not
         return [r for r, val in enumerate(ishead) if val]
 
     def heads(self, start=None, stop=None):
         """return the list of all nodes that have no children
 
         if start is specified, only heads that are descendants of
         start will be returned
         if stop is specified, it will consider all the revs from stop
         as if they had no children
         """
         if start is None and stop is None:
             if not len(self):
                 return [nullid]
             return [self.node(r) for r in self.headrevs()]
 
         if start is None:
             start = nullid
         if stop is None:
             stop = []
         stoprevs = set([self.rev(n) for n in stop])
         startrev = self.rev(start)
         reachable = set((startrev,))
         heads = set((startrev,))
 
         parentrevs = self.parentrevs
         for r in self.revs(start=startrev + 1):
             for p in parentrevs(r):
                 if p in reachable:
                     if r not in stoprevs:
                         reachable.add(r)
                     heads.add(r)
                 if p in heads and p not in stoprevs:
                     heads.remove(p)
 
         return [self.node(r) for r in heads]
 
     def children(self, node):
         """find the children of a given node"""
         c = []
         p = self.rev(node)
         for r in self.revs(start=p + 1):
             prevs = [pr for pr in self.parentrevs(r) if pr != nullrev]
             if prevs:
                 for pr in prevs:
                     if pr == p:
                         c.append(self.node(r))
             elif p == nullrev:
                 c.append(self.node(r))
         return c
 
     def descendant(self, start, end):
         if start == nullrev:
             return True
         for i in self.descendants([start]):
             if i == end:
                 return True
             elif i > end:
                 break
         return False
 
     def commonancestorsheads(self, a, b):
         """calculate all the heads of the common ancestors of nodes a and b"""
         a, b = self.rev(a), self.rev(b)
         try:
             ancs = self.index.commonancestorsheads(a, b)
         except (AttributeError, OverflowError): # C implementation failed
             ancs = ancestor.commonancestorsheads(self.parentrevs, a, b)
         return map(self.node, ancs)
 
     def isancestor(self, a, b):
         """return True if node a is an ancestor of node b
 
         The implementation of this is trivial but the use of
         commonancestorsheads is not."""
         return a in self.commonancestorsheads(a, b)
 
     def ancestor(self, a, b):
         """calculate the "best" common ancestor of nodes a and b"""
 
         a, b = self.rev(a), self.rev(b)
         try:
             ancs = self.index.ancestors(a, b)
         except (AttributeError, OverflowError):
             ancs = ancestor.ancestors(self.parentrevs, a, b)
         if ancs:
             # choose a consistent winner when there's a tie
             return min(map(self.node, ancs))
         return nullid
 
     def _match(self, id):
         if isinstance(id, int):
             # rev
             return self.node(id)
         if len(id) == 20:
             # possibly a binary node
             # odds of a binary node being all hex in ASCII are 1 in 10**25
             try:
                 node = id
                 self.rev(node) # quick search the index
                 return node
             except LookupError:
                 pass # may be partial hex id
         try:
             # str(rev)
             rev = int(id)
             if str(rev) != id:
                 raise ValueError
             if rev < 0:
                 rev = len(self) + rev
             if rev < 0 or rev >= len(self):
                 raise ValueError
             return self.node(rev)
         except (ValueError, OverflowError):
             pass
         if len(id) == 40:
             try:
                 # a full hex nodeid?
                 node = bin(id)
                 self.rev(node)
                 return node
             except (TypeError, LookupError):
                 pass
 
     def _partialmatch(self, id):
         try:
             n = self.index.partialmatch(id)
             if n and self.hasnode(n):
                 return n
             return None
         except RevlogError:
             # parsers.c radix tree lookup gave multiple matches
             # fall through to slow path that filters hidden revisions
             pass
         except (AttributeError, ValueError):
             # we are pure python, or key was too short to search radix tree
             pass
 
         if id in self._pcache:
             return self._pcache[id]
 
         if len(id) < 40:
             try:
                 # hex(node)[:...]
                 l = len(id) // 2  # grab an even number of digits
                 prefix = bin(id[:l * 2])
                 nl = [e[7] for e in self.index if e[7].startswith(prefix)]
                 nl = [n for n in nl if hex(n).startswith(id) and
                       self.hasnode(n)]
                 if len(nl) > 0:
                     if len(nl) == 1:
                         self._pcache[id] = nl[0]
                         return nl[0]
                     raise LookupError(id, self.indexfile,
                                       _('ambiguous identifier'))
                 return None
             except TypeError:
                 pass
 
     def lookup(self, id):
         """locate a node based on:
             - revision number or str(revision number)
             - nodeid or subset of hex nodeid
         """
         n = self._match(id)
         if n is not None:
             return n
         n = self._partialmatch(id)
         if n:
             return n
 
         raise LookupError(id, self.indexfile, _('no match found'))
 
     def cmp(self, node, text):
         """compare text with a given file revision
 
         returns True if text is different than what is stored.
         """
         p1, p2 = self.parents(node)
         return hash(text, p1, p2) != node
 
     def _addchunk(self, offset, data):
         o, d = self._chunkcache
         # try to add to existing cache
         if o + len(d) == offset and len(d) + len(data) < _chunksize:
             self._chunkcache = o, d + data
         else:
             self._chunkcache = offset, data
 
     def _loadchunk(self, offset, length):
         if self._inline:
             df = self.opener(self.indexfile)
         else:
             df = self.opener(self.datafile)
 
         # Cache data both forward and backward around the requested
         # data, in a fixed size window. This helps speed up operations
         # involving reading the revlog backwards.
         cachesize = self._chunkcachesize
         realoffset = offset & ~(cachesize - 1)
         reallength = (((offset + length + cachesize) & ~(cachesize - 1))
                       - realoffset)
         df.seek(realoffset)
         d = df.read(reallength)
         df.close()
         self._addchunk(realoffset, d)
         if offset != realoffset or reallength != length:
             return util.buffer(d, offset - realoffset, length)
         return d
 
     def _getchunk(self, offset, length):
         o, d = self._chunkcache
         l = len(d)
 
         # is it in the cache?
         cachestart = offset - o
         cacheend = cachestart + length
         if cachestart >= 0 and cacheend <= l:
             if cachestart == 0 and cacheend == l:
                 return d # avoid a copy
             return util.buffer(d, cachestart, cacheend - cachestart)
 
         return self._loadchunk(offset, length)
 
     def _chunkraw(self, startrev, endrev):
         start = self.start(startrev)
         end = self.end(endrev)
         if self._inline:
             start += (startrev + 1) * self._io.size
             end += (endrev + 1) * self._io.size
         length = end - start
         return self._getchunk(start, length)
 
     def _chunk(self, rev):
         return decompress(self._chunkraw(rev, rev))
 
     def _chunks(self, revs):
         '''faster version of [self._chunk(rev) for rev in revs]
 
         Assumes that revs is in ascending order.'''
         if not revs:
             return []
         start = self.start
         length = self.length
         inline = self._inline
         iosize = self._io.size
         buffer = util.buffer
 
         l = []
         ladd = l.append
 
         # preload the cache
         try:
             while True:
                 # ensure that the cache doesn't change out from under us
                 _cache = self._chunkcache
                 self._chunkraw(revs[0], revs[-1])
                 if _cache == self._chunkcache:
                     break
             offset, data = _cache
         except OverflowError:
             # issue4215 - we can't cache a run of chunks greater than
             # 2G on Windows
             return [self._chunk(rev) for rev in revs]
 
         for rev in revs:
             chunkstart = start(rev)
             if inline:
                 chunkstart += (rev + 1) * iosize
             chunklength = length(rev)
             ladd(decompress(buffer(data, chunkstart - offset, chunklength)))
 
         return l
 
     def _chunkclear(self):
         self._chunkcache = (0, '')
 
     def deltaparent(self, rev):
         """return deltaparent of the given revision"""
         base = self.index[rev][3]
         if base == rev:
             return nullrev
         elif self._generaldelta:
             return base
         else:
             return rev - 1
 
     def revdiff(self, rev1, rev2):
         """return or calculate a delta between two revisions"""
         if rev1 != nullrev and self.deltaparent(rev2) == rev1:
             return str(self._chunk(rev2))
 
         return mdiff.textdiff(self.revision(rev1),
                               self.revision(rev2))
 
     def revision(self, nodeorrev):
         """return an uncompressed revision of a given node or revision
         number.
         """
         if isinstance(nodeorrev, int):
             rev = nodeorrev
             node = self.node(rev)
         else:
             node = nodeorrev
             rev = None
 
         _cache = self._cache # grab local copy of cache to avoid thread race
         cachedrev = None
         if node == nullid:
             return ""
         if _cache:
             if _cache[0] == node:
                 return _cache[2]
             cachedrev = _cache[1]
 
         # look up what we need to read
         text = None
         if rev is None:
             rev = self.rev(node)
 
         # check rev flags
         if self.flags(rev) & ~REVIDX_KNOWN_FLAGS:
             raise RevlogError(_('incompatible revision flag %x') %
                               (self.flags(rev) & ~REVIDX_KNOWN_FLAGS))
 
         # build delta chain
         chain = []
         index = self.index # for performance
         generaldelta = self._generaldelta
         iterrev = rev
         e = index[iterrev]
         while iterrev != e[3] and iterrev != cachedrev:
             chain.append(iterrev)
             if generaldelta:
                 iterrev = e[3]
             else:
                 iterrev -= 1
             e = index[iterrev]
 
         if iterrev == cachedrev:
             # cache hit
             text = _cache[2]
         else:
             chain.append(iterrev)
         chain.reverse()
 
         # drop cache to save memory
         self._cache = None
 
         bins = self._chunks(chain)
         if text is None:
             text = str(bins[0])
             bins = bins[1:]
 
         text = mdiff.patches(text, bins)
 
         text = self._checkhash(text, node, rev)
 
         self._cache = (node, rev, text)
         return text
 
     def hash(self, text, p1, p2):
         """Compute a node hash.
 
         Available as a function so that subclasses can replace the hash
         as needed.
         """
         return hash(text, p1, p2)
 
     def _checkhash(self, text, node, rev):
         p1, p2 = self.parents(node)
         self.checkhash(text, p1, p2, node, rev)
         return text
 
     def checkhash(self, text, p1, p2, node, rev=None):
         if node != self.hash(text, p1, p2):
             revornode = rev
             if revornode is None:
                 revornode = templatefilters.short(hex(node))
             raise RevlogError(_("integrity check failed on %s:%s")
                 % (self.indexfile, revornode))
 
     def checkinlinesize(self, tr, fp=None):
         if not self._inline or (self.start(-2) + self.length(-2)) < _maxinline:
             return
 
         trinfo = tr.find(self.indexfile)
         if trinfo is None:
             raise RevlogError(_("%s not found in the transaction")
                               % self.indexfile)
 
         trindex = trinfo[2]
         if trindex is not None:
             dataoff = self.start(trindex)
         else:
             # revlog was stripped at start of transaction, use all leftover data
             trindex = len(self) - 1
             dataoff = self.end(-2)
 
         tr.add(self.datafile, dataoff)
 
         if fp:
             fp.flush()
             fp.close()
 
         df = self.opener(self.datafile, 'w')
         try:
             for r in self:
                 df.write(self._chunkraw(r, r))
         finally:
             df.close()
 
         fp = self.opener(self.indexfile, 'w', atomictemp=True)
         self.version &= ~(REVLOGNGINLINEDATA)
         self._inline = False
         for i in self:
             e = self._io.packentry(self.index[i], self.node, self.version, i)
             fp.write(e)
 
         # if we don't call close, the temp file will never replace the
         # real index
         fp.close()
 
         tr.replace(self.indexfile, trindex * self._io.size)
         self._chunkclear()
 
     def addrevision(self, text, transaction, link, p1, p2, cachedelta=None,
                     node=None):
         """add a revision to the log
 
         text - the revision data to add
         transaction - the transaction object used for rollback
         link - the linkrev data to add
         p1, p2 - the parent nodeids of the revision
         cachedelta - an optional precomputed delta
         node - nodeid of revision; typically node is not specified, and it is
             computed by default as hash(text, p1, p2), however subclasses might
             use different hashing method (and override checkhash() in such case)
         """
         if link == nullrev:
             raise RevlogError(_("attempted to add linkrev -1 to %s")
                               % self.indexfile)
 
         if len(text) > _maxentrysize:
             raise RevlogError(
                 _("%s: size of %d bytes exceeds maximum revlog storage of 2GiB")
                 % (self.indexfile, len(text)))
 
         node = node or self.hash(text, p1, p2)
         if node in self.nodemap:
             return node
 
         dfh = None
         if not self._inline:
             dfh = self.opener(self.datafile, "a")
         ifh = self.opener(self.indexfile, "a+")
         try:
             return self._addrevision(node, text, transaction, link, p1, p2,
                                      REVIDX_DEFAULT_FLAGS, cachedelta, ifh, dfh)
         finally:
             if dfh:
                 dfh.close()
             ifh.close()
 
     def compress(self, text):
         """ generate a possibly-compressed representation of text """
         if not text:
             return ("", text)
         l = len(text)
         bin = None
         if l < 44:
             pass
         elif l > 1000000:
             # zlib makes an internal copy, thus doubling memory usage for
             # large files, so lets do this in pieces
             z = zlib.compressobj()
             p = []
             pos = 0
             while pos < l:
                 pos2 = pos + 2**20
                 p.append(z.compress(text[pos:pos2]))
                 pos = pos2
             p.append(z.flush())
             if sum(map(len, p)) < l:
                 bin = "".join(p)
         else:
             bin = _compress(text)
         if bin is None or len(bin) > l:
             if text[0] == '\0':
                 return ("", text)
             return ('u', text)
         return ("", bin)
 
     def _isgooddelta(self, d, textlen):
         """Returns True if the given delta is good. Good means that it is within
         the disk span, disk size, and chain length bounds that we know to be
         performant."""
         if d is None:
             return False
 
         # - 'dist' is the distance from the base revision -- bounding it limits
         #   the amount of I/O we need to do.
         # - 'compresseddeltalen' is the sum of the total size of deltas we need
         #   to apply -- bounding it limits the amount of CPU we consume.
         dist, l, data, base, chainbase, chainlen, compresseddeltalen = d
         if (dist > textlen * 4 or l > textlen or
             compresseddeltalen > textlen * 2 or
             (self._maxchainlen and chainlen > self._maxchainlen)):
             return False
 
         return True
 
     def _addrevision(self, node, text, transaction, link, p1, p2, flags,
                      cachedelta, ifh, dfh):
         """internal function to add revisions to the log
 
         see addrevision for argument descriptions.
         invariants:
         - text is optional (can be None); if not set, cachedelta must be set.
           if both are set, they must correspond to each other.
         """
         btext = [text]
         def buildtext():
             if btext[0] is not None:
                 return btext[0]
             # flush any pending writes here so we can read it in revision
             if dfh:
                 dfh.flush()
             ifh.flush()
             baserev = cachedelta[0]
             delta = cachedelta[1]
             # special case deltas which replace entire base; no need to decode
             # base revision. this neatly avoids censored bases, which throw when
             # they're decoded.
             hlen = struct.calcsize(">lll")
             if delta[:hlen] == mdiff.replacediffheader(self.rawsize(baserev),
                                                        len(delta) - hlen):
                 btext[0] = delta[hlen:]
             else:
                 basetext = self.revision(self.node(baserev))
                 btext[0] = mdiff.patch(basetext, delta)
             try:
                 self.checkhash(btext[0], p1, p2, node)
                 if flags & REVIDX_ISCENSORED:
                     raise RevlogError(_('node %s is not censored') % node)
             except CensoredNodeError:
                 # must pass the censored index flag to add censored revisions
                 if not flags & REVIDX_ISCENSORED:
                     raise
             return btext[0]
 
         def builddelta(rev):
             # can we use the cached delta?
             if cachedelta and cachedelta[0] == rev:
                 delta = cachedelta[1]
             else:
                 t = buildtext()
                 if self.iscensored(rev):
                     # deltas based on a censored revision must replace the
                     # full content in one patch, so delta works everywhere
                     header = mdiff.replacediffheader(self.rawsize(rev), len(t))
                     delta = header + t
                 else:
                     ptext = self.revision(self.node(rev))
                     delta = mdiff.textdiff(ptext, t)
             data = self.compress(delta)
             l = len(data[1]) + len(data[0])
             if basecache[0] == rev:
                 chainbase = basecache[1]
             else:
                 chainbase = self.chainbase(rev)
             dist = l + offset - self.start(chainbase)
             if self._generaldelta:
                 base = rev
             else:
                 base = chainbase
             chainlen, compresseddeltalen = self._chaininfo(rev)
             chainlen += 1
             compresseddeltalen += l
             return dist, l, data, base, chainbase, chainlen, compresseddeltalen
 
         curr = len(self)
         prev = curr - 1
         base = chainbase = curr
         chainlen = None
         offset = self.end(prev)
         d = None
         if self._basecache is None:
             self._basecache = (prev, self.chainbase(prev))
         basecache = self._basecache
         p1r, p2r = self.rev(p1), self.rev(p2)
 
         # full versions are inserted when the needed deltas
         # become comparable to the uncompressed text
         if text is None:
             textlen = mdiff.patchedsize(self.rawsize(cachedelta[0]),
                                         cachedelta[1])
         else:
             textlen = len(text)
 
         # should we try to build a delta?
         if prev != nullrev:
             if self._generaldelta:
-                if p1r >= basecache[1]:
-                    d = builddelta(p1r)
-                elif p2r >= basecache[1]:
-                    d = builddelta(p2r)
-                else:
+                # Pick whichever parent is closer to us (to minimize the
+                # chance of having to build a fulltext). Since
+                # nullrev == -1, any non-merge commit will always pick p1r.
+                drev = p2r if p2r > p1r else p1r
+                d = builddelta(drev)
+                # If the chosen delta will result in us making a full text,
+                # give it one last try against prev.
+                if drev != prev and not self._isgooddelta(d, textlen):
                     d = builddelta(prev)
             else:
                 d = builddelta(prev)
             dist, l, data, base, chainbase, chainlen, compresseddeltalen = d
 
         if not self._isgooddelta(d, textlen):
             text = buildtext()
             data = self.compress(text)
             l = len(data[1]) + len(data[0])
             base = chainbase = curr
 
         e = (offset_type(offset, flags), l, textlen,
              base, link, p1r, p2r, node)
         self.index.insert(-1, e)
         self.nodemap[node] = curr
 
         entry = self._io.packentry(e, self.node, self.version, curr)
         self._writeentry(transaction, ifh, dfh, entry, data, link, offset)
 
         if type(text) == str: # only accept immutable objects
             self._cache = (node, curr, text)
         self._basecache = (curr, chainbase)
         return node
 
     def _writeentry(self, transaction, ifh, dfh, entry, data, link, offset):
         curr = len(self) - 1
         if not self._inline:
             transaction.add(self.datafile, offset)
             transaction.add(self.indexfile, curr * len(entry))
             if data[0]:
                 dfh.write(data[0])
             dfh.write(data[1])
             dfh.flush()
             ifh.write(entry)
         else:
             offset += curr * self._io.size
             transaction.add(self.indexfile, offset, curr)
             ifh.write(entry)
             ifh.write(data[0])
             ifh.write(data[1])
             self.checkinlinesize(transaction, ifh)
 
     def addgroup(self, bundle, linkmapper, transaction, addrevisioncb=None):
         """
         add a delta group
 
         given a set of deltas, add them to the revision log. the
         first delta is against its parent, which should be in our
         log, the rest are against the previous delta.
 
         If ``addrevisioncb`` is defined, it will be called with arguments of
         this revlog and the node that was added.
         """
 
         # track the base of the current delta log
         content = []
         node = None
 
         r = len(self)
         end = 0
         if r:
             end = self.end(r - 1)
         ifh = self.opener(self.indexfile, "a+")
         isize = r * self._io.size
         if self._inline:
             transaction.add(self.indexfile, end + isize, r)
             dfh = None
         else:
             transaction.add(self.indexfile, isize, r)
             transaction.add(self.datafile, end)
             dfh = self.opener(self.datafile, "a")
         def flush():
             if dfh:
                 dfh.flush()
             ifh.flush()
         try:
             # loop through our set of deltas
             chain = None
             while True:
                 chunkdata = bundle.deltachunk(chain)
                 if not chunkdata:
                     break
                 node = chunkdata['node']
                 p1 = chunkdata['p1']
                 p2 = chunkdata['p2']
                 cs = chunkdata['cs']
                 deltabase = chunkdata['deltabase']
                 delta = chunkdata['delta']
 
                 content.append(node)
 
                 link = linkmapper(cs)
                 if node in self.nodemap:
                     # this can happen if two branches make the same change
                     chain = node
                     continue
 
                 for p in (p1, p2):
                     if p not in self.nodemap:
                         raise LookupError(p, self.indexfile,
                                           _('unknown parent'))
 
                 if deltabase not in self.nodemap:
                     raise LookupError(deltabase, self.indexfile,
                                       _('unknown delta base'))
 
                 baserev = self.rev(deltabase)
 
                 if baserev != nullrev and self.iscensored(baserev):
                     # if base is censored, delta must be full replacement in a
                     # single patch operation
                     hlen = struct.calcsize(">lll")
                     oldlen = self.rawsize(baserev)
                     newlen = len(delta) - hlen
                     if delta[:hlen] != mdiff.replacediffheader(oldlen, newlen):
                         raise error.CensoredBaseError(self.indexfile,
                                                       self.node(baserev))
 
                 flags = REVIDX_DEFAULT_FLAGS
                 if self._peek_iscensored(baserev, delta, flush):
                     flags |= REVIDX_ISCENSORED
 
                 chain = self._addrevision(node, None, transaction, link,
                                           p1, p2, flags, (baserev, delta),
                                           ifh, dfh)
 
                 if addrevisioncb:
                     # Data for added revision can't be read unless flushed
                     # because _loadchunk always opensa new file handle and
                     # there is no guarantee data was actually written yet.
                     flush()
                     addrevisioncb(self, chain)
 
                 if not dfh and not self._inline:
                     # addrevision switched from inline to conventional
                     # reopen the index
                     ifh.close()
                     dfh = self.opener(self.datafile, "a")
                     ifh = self.opener(self.indexfile, "a")
         finally:
             if dfh:
                 dfh.close()
             ifh.close()
 
         return content
 
     def iscensored(self, rev):
         """Check if a file revision is censored."""
         return False
 
     def _peek_iscensored(self, baserev, delta, flush):
         """Quickly check if a delta produces a censored revision."""
         return False
 
     def getstrippoint(self, minlink):
         """find the minimum rev that must be stripped to strip the linkrev
 
         Returns a tuple containing the minimum rev and a set of all revs that
         have linkrevs that will be broken by this strip.
         """
         brokenrevs = set()
         strippoint = len(self)
 
         heads = {}
         futurelargelinkrevs = set()
         for head in self.headrevs():
             headlinkrev = self.linkrev(head)
             heads[head] = headlinkrev
             if headlinkrev >= minlink:
                 futurelargelinkrevs.add(headlinkrev)
 
         # This algorithm involves walking down the rev graph, starting at the
         # heads. Since the revs are topologically sorted according to linkrev,
         # once all head linkrevs are below the minlink, we know there are
         # no more revs that could have a linkrev greater than minlink.
         # So we can stop walking.
         while futurelargelinkrevs:
             strippoint -= 1
             linkrev = heads.pop(strippoint)
 
             if linkrev < minlink:
                 brokenrevs.add(strippoint)
             else:
                 futurelargelinkrevs.remove(linkrev)
 
             for p in self.parentrevs(strippoint):
                 if p != nullrev:
                     plinkrev = self.linkrev(p)
                     heads[p] = plinkrev
                     if plinkrev >= minlink:
                         futurelargelinkrevs.add(plinkrev)
 
         return strippoint, brokenrevs
 
     def strip(self, minlink, transaction):
         """truncate the revlog on the first revision with a linkrev >= minlink
 
         This function is called when we're stripping revision minlink and
         its descendants from the repository.
 
         We have to remove all revisions with linkrev >= minlink, because
         the equivalent changelog revisions will be renumbered after the
         strip.
 
         So we truncate the revlog on the first of these revisions, and
         trust that the caller has saved the revisions that shouldn't be
         removed and that it'll re-add them after this truncation.
         """
         if len(self) == 0:
             return
 
         rev, _ = self.getstrippoint(minlink)
         if rev == len(self):
             return
 
         # first truncate the files on disk
         end = self.start(rev)
         if not self._inline:
             transaction.add(self.datafile, end)
             end = rev * self._io.size
         else:
             end += rev * self._io.size
 
         transaction.add(self.indexfile, end)
 
         # then reset internal state in memory to forget those revisions
         self._cache = None
         self._chaininfocache = {}
         self._chunkclear()
         for x in xrange(rev, len(self)):
             del self.nodemap[self.node(x)]
 
         del self.index[rev:-1]
 
     def checksize(self):
         expected = 0
         if len(self):
             expected = max(0, self.end(len(self) - 1))
 
         try:
             f = self.opener(self.datafile)
             f.seek(0, 2)
             actual = f.tell()
             f.close()
             dd = actual - expected
         except IOError as inst:
             if inst.errno != errno.ENOENT:
                 raise
             dd = 0
 
         try:
             f = self.opener(self.indexfile)
             f.seek(0, 2)
             actual = f.tell()
             f.close()
             s = self._io.size
             i = max(0, actual // s)
             di = actual - (i * s)
             if self._inline:
                 databytes = 0
                 for r in self:
                     databytes += max(0, self.length(r))
                 dd = 0
                 di = actual - len(self) * s - databytes
         except IOError as inst:
             if inst.errno != errno.ENOENT:
                 raise
             di = 0
 
         return (dd, di)
 
     def files(self):
         res = [self.indexfile]
         if not self._inline:
             res.append(self.datafile)
         return res