rust-nodemap: core implementation for shortest

In this implementation, we just make `lookup()` return also the number
of steps that have been needed to come to a conclusion from the
nodetree data, and `validate_candidate()` takes care of the special
cases related to `NULL_NODE`.

This way of doing minimizes code duplication, but it means that
the comparatively slower finding of first non zero nybble will run
for all calls to `find()` where it is not needed.

Still running on the file generated for the mozilla-central repository,
it seems indeed that we now get more ofter 320 ns than 310. The odds that
this could have a significant impact on real life Mercurial performance
are still looking low. Let's wait for actual benchmark runs to see if
an optimization is needed here.

Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D7819

rust/hg-core/src/revlog/node.rs

@@ -1,368 +1,428
 // Copyright 2019-2020 Georges Racinet <[e-mail]>
 //
 // This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
 // GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
 
 //! Definitions and utilities for Revision nodes
 //!
 //! In Mercurial code base, it is customary to call "a node" the binary SHA
 //! of a revision.
 
 use hex::{self, FromHex, FromHexError};
 
 /// The length in bytes of a `Node`
 ///
 /// This constant is meant to ease refactors of this module, and
 /// are private so that calling code does not expect all nodes have
 /// the same size, should we support several formats concurrently in
 /// the future.
 const NODE_BYTES_LENGTH: usize = 20;
 
 /// The length in bytes of a `Node`
 ///
 /// see also `NODES_BYTES_LENGTH` about it being private.
 const NODE_NYBBLES_LENGTH: usize = 2 * NODE_BYTES_LENGTH;
 
 /// Private alias for readability and to ease future change
 type NodeData = [u8; NODE_BYTES_LENGTH];
 
 /// Binary revision SHA
 ///
 /// ## Future changes of hash size
 ///
 /// To accomodate future changes of hash size, Rust callers
 /// should use the conversion methods at the boundaries (FFI, actual
 /// computation of hashes and I/O) only, and only if required.
 ///
 /// All other callers outside of unit tests should just handle `Node` values
 /// and never make any assumption on the actual length, using [`nybbles_len`]
 /// if they need a loop boundary.
 ///
 /// All methods that create a `Node` either take a type that enforces
 /// the size or fail immediately at runtime with [`ExactLengthRequired`].
 ///
 /// [`nybbles_len`]: #method.nybbles_len
 /// [`ExactLengthRequired`]: struct.NodeError#variant.ExactLengthRequired
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Node {
     data: NodeData,
 }
 
 /// The node value for NULL_REVISION
 pub const NULL_NODE: Node = Node {
     data: [0; NODE_BYTES_LENGTH],
 };
 
 impl From<NodeData> for Node {
     fn from(data: NodeData) -> Node {
         Node { data }
     }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum NodeError {
     ExactLengthRequired(usize, String),
     PrefixTooLong(String),
     HexError(FromHexError, String),
 }
 
 /// Low level utility function, also for prefixes
 fn get_nybble(s: &[u8], i: usize) -> u8 {
     if i % 2 == 0 {
         s[i / 2] >> 4
     } else {
         s[i / 2] & 0x0f
     }
 }
 
 impl Node {
     /// Retrieve the `i`th half-byte of the binary data.
     ///
     /// This is also the `i`th hexadecimal digit in numeric form,
     /// also called a [nybble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nibble).
     pub fn get_nybble(&self, i: usize) -> u8 {
         get_nybble(&self.data, i)
     }
 
     /// Length of the data, in nybbles
     pub fn nybbles_len(&self) -> usize {
         // public exposure as an instance method only, so that we can
         // easily support several sizes of hashes if needed in the future.
         NODE_NYBBLES_LENGTH
     }
 
     /// Convert from hexadecimal string representation
     ///
     /// Exact length is required.
     ///
     /// To be used in FFI and I/O only, in order to facilitate future
     /// changes of hash format.
     pub fn from_hex(hex: &str) -> Result<Node, NodeError> {
         Ok(NodeData::from_hex(hex)
             .map_err(|e| NodeError::from((e, hex)))?
             .into())
     }
 
     /// Convert to hexadecimal string representation
     ///
     /// To be used in FFI and I/O only, in order to facilitate future
     /// changes of hash format.
     pub fn encode_hex(&self) -> String {
         hex::encode(self.data)
     }
 
     /// Provide access to binary data
     ///
     /// This is needed by FFI layers, for instance to return expected
     /// binary values to Python.
     pub fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
         &self.data
     }
 }
 
 impl<T: AsRef<str>> From<(FromHexError, T)> for NodeError {
     fn from(err_offender: (FromHexError, T)) -> Self {
         let (err, offender) = err_offender;
         match err {
             FromHexError::InvalidStringLength => {
                 NodeError::ExactLengthRequired(
                     NODE_NYBBLES_LENGTH,
                     offender.as_ref().to_owned(),
                 )
             }
             _ => NodeError::HexError(err, offender.as_ref().to_owned()),
         }
     }
 }
 
 /// The beginning of a binary revision SHA.
 ///
 /// Since it can potentially come from an hexadecimal representation with
 /// odd length, it needs to carry around whether the last 4 bits are relevant
 /// or not.
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct NodePrefix {
     buf: Vec<u8>,
     is_odd: bool,
 }
 
 impl NodePrefix {
     /// Convert from hexadecimal string representation
     ///
     /// Similarly to `hex::decode`, can be used with Unicode string types
     /// (`String`, `&str`) as well as bytes.
     ///
     /// To be used in FFI and I/O only, in order to facilitate future
     /// changes of hash format.
     pub fn from_hex(hex: impl AsRef<[u8]>) -> Result<Self, NodeError> {
         let hex = hex.as_ref();
         let len = hex.len();
         if len > NODE_NYBBLES_LENGTH {
             return Err(NodeError::PrefixTooLong(
                 String::from_utf8_lossy(hex).to_owned().to_string(),
             ));
         }
 
         let is_odd = len % 2 == 1;
         let even_part = if is_odd { &hex[..len - 1] } else { hex };
         let mut buf: Vec<u8> = Vec::from_hex(&even_part)
             .map_err(|e| (e, String::from_utf8_lossy(hex)))?;
 
         if is_odd {
             let latest_char = char::from(hex[len - 1]);
             let latest_nybble = latest_char.to_digit(16).ok_or_else(|| {
                 (
                     FromHexError::InvalidHexCharacter {
                         c: latest_char,
                         index: len - 1,
                     },
                     String::from_utf8_lossy(hex),
                 )
             })? as u8;
             buf.push(latest_nybble << 4);
         }
         Ok(NodePrefix { buf, is_odd })
     }
 
     pub fn borrow(&self) -> NodePrefixRef {
         NodePrefixRef {
             buf: &self.buf,
             is_odd: self.is_odd,
         }
     }
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct NodePrefixRef<'a> {
     buf: &'a [u8],
     is_odd: bool,
 }
 
 impl<'a> NodePrefixRef<'a> {
     pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
         if self.is_odd {
             self.buf.len() * 2 - 1
         } else {
             self.buf.len() * 2
         }
     }
 
     pub fn is_prefix_of(&self, node: &Node) -> bool {
         if self.is_odd {
             let buf = self.buf;
             let last_pos = buf.len() - 1;
             node.data.starts_with(buf.split_at(last_pos).0)
                 && node.data[last_pos] >> 4 == buf[last_pos] >> 4
         } else {
             node.data.starts_with(self.buf)
         }
     }
 
     /// Retrieve the `i`th half-byte from the prefix.
     ///
     /// This is also the `i`th hexadecimal digit in numeric form,
     /// also called a [nybble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nibble).
     pub fn get_nybble(&self, i: usize) -> u8 {
         assert!(i < self.len());
         get_nybble(self.buf, i)
     }
+
+    /// Return the index first nybble that's different from `node`
+    ///
+    /// If the return value is `None` that means that `self` is
+    /// a prefix of `node`, but the current method is a bit slower
+    /// than `is_prefix_of`.
+    ///
+    /// Returned index is as in `get_nybble`, i.e., starting at 0.
+    pub fn first_different_nybble(&self, node: &Node) -> Option<usize> {
+        let buf = self.buf;
+        let until = if self.is_odd {
+            buf.len() - 1
+        } else {
+            buf.len()
+        };
+        for i in 0..until {
+            if buf[i] != node.data[i] {
+                if buf[i] & 0xf0 == node.data[i] & 0xf0 {
+                    return Some(2 * i + 1);
+                } else {
+                    return Some(2 * i);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if self.is_odd && buf[until] & 0xf0 != node.data[until] & 0xf0 {
+            Some(until * 2)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// A shortcut for full `Node` references
 impl<'a> From<&'a Node> for NodePrefixRef<'a> {
     fn from(node: &'a Node) -> Self {
         NodePrefixRef {
             buf: &node.data,
             is_odd: false,
         }
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
     fn sample_node() -> Node {
         let mut data = [0; NODE_BYTES_LENGTH];
         data.copy_from_slice(&[
             0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab, 0xcd, 0xef, 0xfe, 0xdc, 0xba,
             0x98, 0x76, 0x54, 0x32, 0x10, 0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef,
         ]);
         data.into()
     }
 
     /// Pad an hexadecimal string to reach `NODE_NYBBLES_LENGTH`
     ///
     /// The padding is made with zeros
     pub fn hex_pad_right(hex: &str) -> String {
         let mut res = hex.to_string();
         while res.len() < NODE_NYBBLES_LENGTH {
             res.push('0');
         }
         res
     }
 
     fn sample_node_hex() -> String {
         hex_pad_right("0123456789abcdeffedcba9876543210deadbeef")
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_node_from_hex() {
         assert_eq!(Node::from_hex(&sample_node_hex()), Ok(sample_node()));
 
         let mut short = hex_pad_right("0123");
         short.pop();
         short.pop();
         assert_eq!(
             Node::from_hex(&short),
             Err(NodeError::ExactLengthRequired(NODE_NYBBLES_LENGTH, short)),
         );
 
         let not_hex = hex_pad_right("012... oops");
         assert_eq!(
             Node::from_hex(&not_hex),
             Err(NodeError::HexError(
                 FromHexError::InvalidHexCharacter { c: '.', index: 3 },
                 not_hex,
             )),
         );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_node_encode_hex() {
         assert_eq!(sample_node().encode_hex(), sample_node_hex());
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_prefix_from_hex() -> Result<(), NodeError> {
         assert_eq!(
             NodePrefix::from_hex("0e1")?,
             NodePrefix {
                 buf: vec![14, 16],
                 is_odd: true
             }
         );
         assert_eq!(
             NodePrefix::from_hex("0e1a")?,
             NodePrefix {
                 buf: vec![14, 26],
                 is_odd: false
             }
         );
 
         // checking limit case
         let node_as_vec = sample_node().data.iter().cloned().collect();
         assert_eq!(
             NodePrefix::from_hex(sample_node_hex())?,
             NodePrefix {
                 buf: node_as_vec,
                 is_odd: false
             }
         );
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_prefix_from_hex_errors() {
         assert_eq!(
             NodePrefix::from_hex("testgr"),
             Err(NodeError::HexError(
                 FromHexError::InvalidHexCharacter { c: 't', index: 0 },
                 "testgr".to_string()
             ))
         );
         let mut long = NULL_NODE.encode_hex();
         long.push('c');
         match NodePrefix::from_hex(&long)
             .expect_err("should be refused as too long")
         {
             NodeError::PrefixTooLong(s) => assert_eq!(s, long),
             err => panic!(format!("Should have been TooLong, got {:?}", err)),
         }
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_is_prefix_of() -> Result<(), NodeError> {
         let mut node_data = [0; NODE_BYTES_LENGTH];
         node_data[0] = 0x12;
         node_data[1] = 0xca;
         let node = Node::from(node_data);
         assert!(NodePrefix::from_hex("12")?.borrow().is_prefix_of(&node));
         assert!(!NodePrefix::from_hex("1a")?.borrow().is_prefix_of(&node));
         assert!(NodePrefix::from_hex("12c")?.borrow().is_prefix_of(&node));
         assert!(!NodePrefix::from_hex("12d")?.borrow().is_prefix_of(&node));
         Ok(())
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_get_nybble() -> Result<(), NodeError> {
         let prefix = NodePrefix::from_hex("dead6789cafe")?;
         assert_eq!(prefix.borrow().get_nybble(0), 13);
         assert_eq!(prefix.borrow().get_nybble(7), 9);
         Ok(())
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_first_different_nybble_even_prefix() {
+        let prefix = NodePrefix::from_hex("12ca").unwrap();
+        let prefref = prefix.borrow();
+        let mut node = Node::from([0; NODE_BYTES_LENGTH]);
+        assert_eq!(prefref.first_different_nybble(&node), Some(0));
+        node.data[0] = 0x13;
+        assert_eq!(prefref.first_different_nybble(&node), Some(1));
+        node.data[0] = 0x12;
+        assert_eq!(prefref.first_different_nybble(&node), Some(2));
+        node.data[1] = 0xca;
+        // now it is a prefix
+        assert_eq!(prefref.first_different_nybble(&node), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_first_different_nybble_odd_prefix() {
+        let prefix = NodePrefix::from_hex("12c").unwrap();
+        let prefref = prefix.borrow();
+        let mut node = Node::from([0; NODE_BYTES_LENGTH]);
+        assert_eq!(prefref.first_different_nybble(&node), Some(0));
+        node.data[0] = 0x13;
+        assert_eq!(prefref.first_different_nybble(&node), Some(1));
+        node.data[0] = 0x12;
+        assert_eq!(prefref.first_different_nybble(&node), Some(2));
+        node.data[1] = 0xca;
+        // now it is a prefix
+        assert_eq!(prefref.first_different_nybble(&node), None);
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub use tests::hex_pad_right;

rust/hg-core/src/revlog/nodemap.rs

@@ -1,960 +1,1056
 // Copyright 2018-2020 Georges Racinet <[e-mail]>
 //           and Mercurial contributors
 //
 // This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
 // GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
 //! Indexing facilities for fast retrieval of `Revision` from `Node`
 //!
 //! This provides a variation on the 16-ary radix tree that is
 //! provided as "nodetree" in revlog.c, ready for append-only persistence
 //! on disk.
 //!
 //! Following existing implicit conventions, the "nodemap" terminology
 //! is used in a more abstract context.
 
 use super::{
     node::NULL_NODE, Node, NodeError, NodePrefix, NodePrefixRef, Revision,
     RevlogIndex, NULL_REVISION,
 };
 
+use std::cmp::max;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::mem;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::ops::Index;
 use std::slice;
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum NodeMapError {
     MultipleResults,
     InvalidNodePrefix(NodeError),
     /// A `Revision` stored in the nodemap could not be found in the index
     RevisionNotInIndex(Revision),
 }
 
 impl From<NodeError> for NodeMapError {
     fn from(err: NodeError) -> Self {
         NodeMapError::InvalidNodePrefix(err)
     }
 }
 
 /// Mapping system from Mercurial nodes to revision numbers.
 ///
 /// ## `RevlogIndex` and `NodeMap`
 ///
 /// One way to think about their relationship is that
 /// the `NodeMap` is a prefix-oriented reverse index of the `Node` information
 /// carried by a [`RevlogIndex`].
 ///
 /// Many of the methods in this trait take a `RevlogIndex` argument
 /// which is used for validation of their results. This index must naturally
 /// be the one the `NodeMap` is about, and it must be consistent.
 ///
 /// Notably, the `NodeMap` must not store
 /// information about more `Revision` values than there are in the index.
 /// In these methods, an encountered `Revision` is not in the index, a
 /// [`RevisionNotInIndex`] error is returned.
 ///
 /// In insert operations, the rule is thus that the `NodeMap` must always
 /// be updated after the `RevlogIndex`
 /// be updated first, and the `NodeMap` second.
 ///
 /// [`RevisionNotInIndex`]: enum.NodeMapError.html#variant.RevisionNotInIndex
 /// [`RevlogIndex`]: ../trait.RevlogIndex.html
 pub trait NodeMap {
     /// Find the unique `Revision` having the given `Node`
     ///
     /// If no Revision matches the given `Node`, `Ok(None)` is returned.
     fn find_node(
         &self,
         index: &impl RevlogIndex,
         node: &Node,
     ) -> Result<Option<Revision>, NodeMapError> {
         self.find_bin(index, node.into())
     }
 
     /// Find the unique Revision whose `Node` starts with a given binary prefix
     ///
     /// If no Revision matches the given prefix, `Ok(None)` is returned.
     ///
     /// If several Revisions match the given prefix, a [`MultipleResults`]
     /// error is returned.
     fn find_bin<'a>(
         &self,
         idx: &impl RevlogIndex,
         prefix: NodePrefixRef<'a>,
     ) -> Result<Option<Revision>, NodeMapError>;
 
     /// Find the unique Revision whose `Node` hexadecimal string representation
     /// starts with a given prefix
     ///
     /// If no Revision matches the given prefix, `Ok(None)` is returned.
     ///
     /// If several Revisions match the given prefix, a [`MultipleResults`]
     /// error is returned.
     fn find_hex(
         &self,
         idx: &impl RevlogIndex,
         prefix: &str,
     ) -> Result<Option<Revision>, NodeMapError> {
         self.find_bin(idx, NodePrefix::from_hex(prefix)?.borrow())
     }
+
+    /// Give the size of the shortest node prefix that determines
+    /// the revision uniquely.
+    ///
+    /// From a binary node prefix, if it is matched in the node map, this
+    /// returns the number of hexadecimal digits that would had sufficed
+    /// to find the revision uniquely.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if no `Revision` could be found for the prefix.
+    ///
+    /// If several Revisions match the given prefix, a [`MultipleResults`]
+    /// error is returned.
+    fn unique_prefix_len_bin<'a>(
+        &self,
+        idx: &impl RevlogIndex,
+        node_prefix: NodePrefixRef<'a>,
+    ) -> Result<Option<usize>, NodeMapError>;
+
+    /// Same as `unique_prefix_len_bin`, with the hexadecimal representation
+    /// of the prefix as input.
+    fn unique_prefix_len_hex(
+        &self,
+        idx: &impl RevlogIndex,
+        prefix: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<usize>, NodeMapError> {
+        self.unique_prefix_len_bin(idx, NodePrefix::from_hex(prefix)?.borrow())
+    }
+
+    /// Same as `unique_prefix_len_bin`, with a full `Node` as input
+    fn unique_prefix_len_node(
+        &self,
+        idx: &impl RevlogIndex,
+        node: &Node,
+    ) -> Result<Option<usize>, NodeMapError> {
+        self.unique_prefix_len_bin(idx, node.into())
+    }
 }
 
 pub trait MutableNodeMap: NodeMap {
     fn insert<I: RevlogIndex>(
         &mut self,
         index: &I,
         node: &Node,
         rev: Revision,
     ) -> Result<(), NodeMapError>;
 }
 
 /// Low level NodeTree [`Blocks`] elements
 ///
 /// These are exactly as for instance on persistent storage.
 type RawElement = i32;
 
 /// High level representation of values in NodeTree
 /// [`Blocks`](struct.Block.html)
 ///
 /// This is the high level representation that most algorithms should
 /// use.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 enum Element {
     Rev(Revision),
     Block(usize),
     None,
 }
 
 impl From<RawElement> for Element {
     /// Conversion from low level representation, after endianness conversion.
     ///
     /// See [`Block`](struct.Block.html) for explanation about the encoding.
     fn from(raw: RawElement) -> Element {
         if raw >= 0 {
             Element::Block(raw as usize)
         } else if raw == -1 {
             Element::None
         } else {
             Element::Rev(-raw - 2)
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl From<Element> for RawElement {
     fn from(element: Element) -> RawElement {
         match element {
             Element::None => 0,
             Element::Block(i) => i as RawElement,
             Element::Rev(rev) => -rev - 2,
         }
     }
 }
 
 /// A logical block of the `NodeTree`, packed with a fixed size.
 ///
 /// These are always used in container types implementing `Index<Block>`,
 /// such as `&Block`
 ///
 /// As an array of integers, its ith element encodes that the
 /// ith potential edge from the block, representing the ith hexadecimal digit
 /// (nybble) `i` is either:
 ///
 /// - absent (value -1)
 /// - another `Block` in the same indexable container (value ≥ 0)
 ///  - a `Revision` leaf (value ≤ -2)
 ///
 /// Endianness has to be fixed for consistency on shared storage across
 /// different architectures.
 ///
 /// A key difference with the C `nodetree` is that we need to be
 /// able to represent the [`Block`] at index 0, hence -1 is the empty marker
 /// rather than 0 and the `Revision` range upper limit of -2 instead of -1.
 ///
 /// Another related difference is that `NULL_REVISION` (-1) is not
 /// represented at all, because we want an immutable empty nodetree
 /// to be valid.
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub struct Block([u8; BLOCK_SIZE]);
 
 /// Not derivable for arrays of length >32 until const generics are stable
 impl PartialEq for Block {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
         &self.0[..] == &other.0[..]
     }
 }
 
 pub const BLOCK_SIZE: usize = 64;
 
 impl Block {
     fn new() -> Self {
         // -1 in 2's complement to create an absent node
         let byte: u8 = 255;
         Block([byte; BLOCK_SIZE])
     }
 
     fn get(&self, nybble: u8) -> Element {
         let index = nybble as usize * mem::size_of::<RawElement>();
         Element::from(RawElement::from_be_bytes([
             self.0[index],
             self.0[index + 1],
             self.0[index + 2],
             self.0[index + 3],
         ]))
     }
 
     fn set(&mut self, nybble: u8, element: Element) {
         let values = RawElement::to_be_bytes(element.into());
         let index = nybble as usize * mem::size_of::<RawElement>();
         self.0[index] = values[0];
         self.0[index + 1] = values[1];
         self.0[index + 2] = values[2];
         self.0[index + 3] = values[3];
     }
 }
 
 impl fmt::Debug for Block {
     /// sparse representation for testing and debugging purposes
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
         f.debug_map()
             .entries((0..16).filter_map(|i| match self.get(i) {
                 Element::None => None,
                 element => Some((i, element)),
             }))
             .finish()
     }
 }
 
 /// A mutable 16-radix tree with the root block logically at the end
 ///
 /// Because of the append only nature of our node trees, we need to
 /// keep the original untouched and store new blocks separately.
 ///
 /// The mutable root `Block` is kept apart so that we don't have to rebump
 /// it on each insertion.
 pub struct NodeTree {
     readonly: Box<dyn Deref<Target = [Block]> + Send>,
     growable: Vec<Block>,
     root: Block,
 }
 
 impl Index<usize> for NodeTree {
     type Output = Block;
 
     fn index(&self, i: usize) -> &Block {
         let ro_len = self.readonly.len();
         if i < ro_len {
             &self.readonly[i]
         } else if i == ro_len + self.growable.len() {
             &self.root
         } else {
             &self.growable[i - ro_len]
         }
     }
 }
 
 /// Return `None` unless the `Node` for `rev` has given prefix in `index`.
 fn has_prefix_or_none(
     idx: &impl RevlogIndex,
     prefix: NodePrefixRef,
     rev: Revision,
 ) -> Result<Option<Revision>, NodeMapError> {
     idx.node(rev)
         .ok_or_else(|| NodeMapError::RevisionNotInIndex(rev))
         .map(|node| {
             if prefix.is_prefix_of(node) {
                 Some(rev)
             } else {
                 None
             }
         })
 }
 
 /// validate that the candidate's node starts indeed with given prefix,
 /// and treat ambiguities related to `NULL_REVISION`.
 ///
 /// From the data in the NodeTree, one can only conclude that some
 /// revision is the only one for a *subprefix* of the one being looked up.
 fn validate_candidate(
     idx: &impl RevlogIndex,
     prefix: NodePrefixRef,
-    rev: Option<Revision>,
-) -> Result<Option<Revision>, NodeMapError> {
-    if prefix.is_prefix_of(&NULL_NODE) {
-        // NULL_REVISION always matches a prefix made only of zeros
+    candidate: (Option<Revision>, usize),
+) -> Result<(Option<Revision>, usize), NodeMapError> {
+    let (rev, steps) = candidate;
+    if let Some(nz_nybble) = prefix.first_different_nybble(&NULL_NODE) {
+        rev.map_or(Ok((None, steps)), |r| {
+            has_prefix_or_none(idx, prefix, r)
+                .map(|opt| (opt, max(steps, nz_nybble + 1)))
+        })
+    } else {
+        // the prefix is only made of zeros; NULL_REVISION always matches it
         // and any other *valid* result is an ambiguity
         match rev {
-            None => Ok(Some(NULL_REVISION)),
+            None => Ok((Some(NULL_REVISION), steps + 1)),
             Some(r) => match has_prefix_or_none(idx, prefix, r)? {
-                None => Ok(Some(NULL_REVISION)),
+                None => Ok((Some(NULL_REVISION), steps + 1)),
                 _ => Err(NodeMapError::MultipleResults),
             },
         }
-    } else {
-        rev.map_or(Ok(None), |r| has_prefix_or_none(idx, prefix, r))
     }
 }
 
 impl NodeTree {
     /// Initiate a NodeTree from an immutable slice-like of `Block`
     ///
     /// We keep `readonly` and clone its root block if it isn't empty.
     fn new(readonly: Box<dyn Deref<Target = [Block]> + Send>) -> Self {
         let root = readonly
             .last()
             .map(|b| b.clone())
             .unwrap_or_else(|| Block::new());
         NodeTree {
             readonly: readonly,
             growable: Vec::new(),
             root: root,
         }
     }
 
     /// Create from an opaque bunch of bytes
     ///
     /// The created `NodeTreeBytes` from `buffer`,
     /// of which exactly `amount` bytes are used.
     ///
     /// - `buffer` could be derived from `PyBuffer` and `Mmap` objects.
     /// - `offset` allows for the final file format to include fixed data
     ///   (generation number, behavioural flags)
     /// - `amount` is expressed in bytes, and is not automatically derived from
     ///   `bytes`, so that a caller that manages them atomically can perform
     ///   temporary disk serializations and still rollback easily if needed.
     ///   First use-case for this would be to support Mercurial shell hooks.
     ///
     /// panics if `buffer` is smaller than `amount`
     pub fn load_bytes(
         bytes: Box<dyn Deref<Target = [u8]> + Send>,
         amount: usize,
     ) -> Self {
         NodeTree::new(Box::new(NodeTreeBytes::new(bytes, amount)))
     }
 
     /// Retrieve added `Block` and the original immutable data
     pub fn into_readonly_and_added(
         self,
     ) -> (Box<dyn Deref<Target = [Block]> + Send>, Vec<Block>) {
         let mut vec = self.growable;
         let readonly = self.readonly;
         if readonly.last() != Some(&self.root) {
             vec.push(self.root);
         }
         (readonly, vec)
     }
 
     /// Retrieve added `Blocks` as bytes, ready to be written to persistent
     /// storage
     pub fn into_readonly_and_added_bytes(
         self,
     ) -> (Box<dyn Deref<Target = [Block]> + Send>, Vec<u8>) {
         let (readonly, vec) = self.into_readonly_and_added();
         // Prevent running `v`'s destructor so we are in complete control
         // of the allocation.
         let vec = mem::ManuallyDrop::new(vec);
 
         // Transmute the `Vec<Block>` to a `Vec<u8>`. Blocks are contiguous
         // bytes, so this is perfectly safe.
         let bytes = unsafe {
             // Assert that `Block` hasn't been changed and has no padding
             let _: [u8; 4 * BLOCK_SIZE] =
                 std::mem::transmute([Block::new(); 4]);
 
             // /!\ Any use of `vec` after this is use-after-free.
             // TODO: use `into_raw_parts` once stabilized
             Vec::from_raw_parts(
                 vec.as_ptr() as *mut u8,
                 vec.len() * BLOCK_SIZE,
                 vec.capacity() * BLOCK_SIZE,
             )
         };
         (readonly, bytes)
     }
 
     /// Total number of blocks
     fn len(&self) -> usize {
         self.readonly.len() + self.growable.len() + 1
     }
 
     /// Implemented for completeness
     ///
     /// A `NodeTree` always has at least the mutable root block.
     #[allow(dead_code)]
     fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
         false
     }
 
     /// Main working method for `NodeTree` searches
-    fn lookup<'p>(
+    ///
+    /// The first returned value is the result of analysing `NodeTree` data
+    /// *alone*: whereas `None` guarantees that the given prefix is absent
+    /// from the `NodeTree` data (but still could match `NULL_NODE`), with
+    /// `Some(rev)`, it is to be understood that `rev` is the unique `Revision`
+    /// that could match the prefix. Actually, all that can be inferred from
+    /// the `NodeTree` data is that `rev` is the revision with the longest
+    /// common node prefix with the given prefix.
+    ///
+    /// The second returned value is the size of the smallest subprefix
+    /// of `prefix` that would give the same result, i.e. not the
+    /// `MultipleResults` error variant (again, using only the data of the
+    /// `NodeTree`).
+    fn lookup(
         &self,
-        prefix: NodePrefixRef<'p>,
-    ) -> Result<Option<Revision>, NodeMapError> {
-        for visit_item in self.visit(prefix) {
+        prefix: NodePrefixRef,
+    ) -> Result<(Option<Revision>, usize), NodeMapError> {
+        for (i, visit_item) in self.visit(prefix).enumerate() {
             if let Some(opt) = visit_item.final_revision() {
-                return Ok(opt);
+                return Ok((opt, i + 1));
             }
         }
         Err(NodeMapError::MultipleResults)
     }
 
     fn visit<'n, 'p>(
         &'n self,
         prefix: NodePrefixRef<'p>,
     ) -> NodeTreeVisitor<'n, 'p> {
         NodeTreeVisitor {
             nt: self,
             prefix: prefix,
             visit: self.len() - 1,
             nybble_idx: 0,
             done: false,
         }
     }
     /// Return a mutable reference for `Block` at index `idx`.
     ///
     /// If `idx` lies in the immutable area, then the reference is to
     /// a newly appended copy.
     ///
     /// Returns (new_idx, glen, mut_ref) where
     ///
     /// - `new_idx` is the index of the mutable `Block`
     /// - `mut_ref` is a mutable reference to the mutable Block.
     /// - `glen` is the new length of `self.growable`
     ///
     /// Note: the caller wouldn't be allowed to query `self.growable.len()`
     /// itself because of the mutable borrow taken with the returned `Block`
     fn mutable_block(&mut self, idx: usize) -> (usize, &mut Block, usize) {
         let ro_blocks = &self.readonly;
         let ro_len = ro_blocks.len();
         let glen = self.growable.len();
         if idx < ro_len {
             // TODO OPTIM I think this makes two copies
             self.growable.push(ro_blocks[idx].clone());
             (glen + ro_len, &mut self.growable[glen], glen + 1)
         } else if glen + ro_len == idx {
             (idx, &mut self.root, glen)
         } else {
             (idx, &mut self.growable[idx - ro_len], glen)
         }
     }
 
     /// Main insertion method
     ///
     /// This will dive in the node tree to find the deepest `Block` for
     /// `node`, split it as much as needed and record `node` in there.
     /// The method then backtracks, updating references in all the visited
     /// blocks from the root.
     ///
     /// All the mutated `Block` are copied first to the growable part if
     /// needed. That happens for those in the immutable part except the root.
     pub fn insert<I: RevlogIndex>(
         &mut self,
         index: &I,
         node: &Node,
         rev: Revision,
     ) -> Result<(), NodeMapError> {
         let ro_len = &self.readonly.len();
 
         let mut visit_steps: Vec<_> = self.visit(node.into()).collect();
         let read_nybbles = visit_steps.len();
         // visit_steps cannot be empty, since we always visit the root block
         let deepest = visit_steps.pop().unwrap();
 
         let (mut block_idx, mut block, mut glen) =
             self.mutable_block(deepest.block_idx);
 
         if let Element::Rev(old_rev) = deepest.element {
             let old_node = index
                 .node(old_rev)
                 .ok_or_else(|| NodeMapError::RevisionNotInIndex(old_rev))?;
             if old_node == node {
                 return Ok(()); // avoid creating lots of useless blocks
             }
 
             // Looping over the tail of nybbles in both nodes, creating
             // new blocks until we find the difference
             let mut new_block_idx = ro_len + glen;
             let mut nybble = deepest.nybble;
             for nybble_pos in read_nybbles..node.nybbles_len() {
                 block.set(nybble, Element::Block(new_block_idx));
 
                 let new_nybble = node.get_nybble(nybble_pos);
                 let old_nybble = old_node.get_nybble(nybble_pos);
 
                 if old_nybble == new_nybble {
                     self.growable.push(Block::new());
                     block = &mut self.growable[glen];
                     glen += 1;
                     new_block_idx += 1;
                     nybble = new_nybble;
                 } else {
                     let mut new_block = Block::new();
                     new_block.set(old_nybble, Element::Rev(old_rev));
                     new_block.set(new_nybble, Element::Rev(rev));
                     self.growable.push(new_block);
                     break;
                 }
             }
         } else {
             // Free slot in the deepest block: no splitting has to be done
             block.set(deepest.nybble, Element::Rev(rev));
         }
 
         // Backtrack over visit steps to update references
         while let Some(visited) = visit_steps.pop() {
             let to_write = Element::Block(block_idx);
             if visit_steps.is_empty() {
                 self.root.set(visited.nybble, to_write);
                 break;
             }
             let (new_idx, block, _) = self.mutable_block(visited.block_idx);
             if block.get(visited.nybble) == to_write {
                 break;
             }
             block.set(visited.nybble, to_write);
             block_idx = new_idx;
         }
         Ok(())
     }
 }
 
 pub struct NodeTreeBytes {
     buffer: Box<dyn Deref<Target = [u8]> + Send>,
     len_in_blocks: usize,
 }
 
 impl NodeTreeBytes {
     fn new(
         buffer: Box<dyn Deref<Target = [u8]> + Send>,
         amount: usize,
     ) -> Self {
         assert!(buffer.len() >= amount);
         let len_in_blocks = amount / BLOCK_SIZE;
         NodeTreeBytes {
             buffer,
             len_in_blocks,
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl Deref for NodeTreeBytes {
     type Target = [Block];
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &[Block] {
         unsafe {
             slice::from_raw_parts(
                 (&self.buffer).as_ptr() as *const Block,
                 self.len_in_blocks,
             )
         }
     }
 }
 
 struct NodeTreeVisitor<'n, 'p> {
     nt: &'n NodeTree,
     prefix: NodePrefixRef<'p>,
     visit: usize,
     nybble_idx: usize,
     done: bool,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
 struct NodeTreeVisitItem {
     block_idx: usize,
     nybble: u8,
     element: Element,
 }
 
 impl<'n, 'p> Iterator for NodeTreeVisitor<'n, 'p> {
     type Item = NodeTreeVisitItem;
 
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
         if self.done || self.nybble_idx >= self.prefix.len() {
             return None;
         }
 
         let nybble = self.prefix.get_nybble(self.nybble_idx);
         self.nybble_idx += 1;
 
         let visit = self.visit;
         let element = self.nt[visit].get(nybble);
         if let Element::Block(idx) = element {
             self.visit = idx;
         } else {
             self.done = true;
         }
 
         Some(NodeTreeVisitItem {
             block_idx: visit,
             nybble: nybble,
             element: element,
         })
     }
 }
 
 impl NodeTreeVisitItem {
     // Return `Some(opt)` if this item is final, with `opt` being the
     // `Revision` that it may represent.
     //
     // If the item is not terminal, return `None`
     fn final_revision(&self) -> Option<Option<Revision>> {
         match self.element {
             Element::Block(_) => None,
             Element::Rev(r) => Some(Some(r)),
             Element::None => Some(None),
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl From<Vec<Block>> for NodeTree {
     fn from(vec: Vec<Block>) -> Self {
         Self::new(Box::new(vec))
     }
 }
 
 impl fmt::Debug for NodeTree {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         let readonly: &[Block] = &*self.readonly;
         write!(
             f,
             "readonly: {:?}, growable: {:?}, root: {:?}",
             readonly, self.growable, self.root
         )
     }
 }
 
 impl Default for NodeTree {
     /// Create a fully mutable empty NodeTree
     fn default() -> Self {
         NodeTree::new(Box::new(Vec::new()))
     }
 }
 
 impl NodeMap for NodeTree {
     fn find_bin<'a>(
         &self,
         idx: &impl RevlogIndex,
         prefix: NodePrefixRef<'a>,
     ) -> Result<Option<Revision>, NodeMapError> {
         validate_candidate(idx, prefix.clone(), self.lookup(prefix)?)
+            .map(|(opt, _shortest)| opt)
+    }
+
+    fn unique_prefix_len_bin<'a>(
+        &self,
+        idx: &impl RevlogIndex,
+        prefix: NodePrefixRef<'a>,
+    ) -> Result<Option<usize>, NodeMapError> {
+        validate_candidate(idx, prefix.clone(), self.lookup(prefix)?)
+            .map(|(opt, shortest)| opt.map(|_rev| shortest))
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::NodeMapError::*;
     use super::*;
     use crate::revlog::node::{hex_pad_right, Node};
     use std::collections::HashMap;
 
     /// Creates a `Block` using a syntax close to the `Debug` output
     macro_rules! block {
         {$($nybble:tt : $variant:ident($val:tt)),*} => (
             {
                 let mut block = Block::new();
                 $(block.set($nybble, Element::$variant($val)));*;
                 block
             }
         )
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_block_debug() {
         let mut block = Block::new();
         block.set(1, Element::Rev(3));
         block.set(10, Element::Block(0));
         assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", block), "{1: Rev(3), 10: Block(0)}");
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_block_macro() {
         let block = block! {5: Block(2)};
         assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", block), "{5: Block(2)}");
 
         let block = block! {13: Rev(15), 5: Block(2)};
         assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", block), "{5: Block(2), 13: Rev(15)}");
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_raw_block() {
         let mut raw = [255u8; 64];
 
         let mut counter = 0;
         for val in [0, 15, -2, -1, -3].iter() {
             for byte in RawElement::to_be_bytes(*val).iter() {
                 raw[counter] = *byte;
                 counter += 1;
             }
         }
         let block = Block(raw);
         assert_eq!(block.get(0), Element::Block(0));
         assert_eq!(block.get(1), Element::Block(15));
         assert_eq!(block.get(3), Element::None);
         assert_eq!(block.get(2), Element::Rev(0));
         assert_eq!(block.get(4), Element::Rev(1));
     }
 
     type TestIndex = HashMap<Revision, Node>;
 
     impl RevlogIndex for TestIndex {
         fn node(&self, rev: Revision) -> Option<&Node> {
             self.get(&rev)
         }
 
         fn len(&self) -> usize {
             self.len()
         }
     }
 
     /// Pad hexadecimal Node prefix with zeros on the right
     ///
     /// This avoids having to repeatedly write very long hexadecimal
     /// strings for test data, and brings actual hash size independency.
     #[cfg(test)]
     fn pad_node(hex: &str) -> Node {
         Node::from_hex(&hex_pad_right(hex)).unwrap()
     }
 
     /// Pad hexadecimal Node prefix with zeros on the right, then insert
     fn pad_insert(idx: &mut TestIndex, rev: Revision, hex: &str) {
         idx.insert(rev, pad_node(hex));
     }
 
     fn sample_nodetree() -> NodeTree {
         NodeTree::from(vec![
             block![0: Rev(9)],
             block![0: Rev(0), 1: Rev(9)],
             block![0: Block(1), 1:Rev(1)],
         ])
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_nt_debug() {
         let nt = sample_nodetree();
         assert_eq!(
             format!("{:?}", nt),
             "readonly: \
              [{0: Rev(9)}, {0: Rev(0), 1: Rev(9)}, {0: Block(1), 1: Rev(1)}], \
              growable: [], \
              root: {0: Block(1), 1: Rev(1)}",
         );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_immutable_find_simplest() -> Result<(), NodeMapError> {
         let mut idx: TestIndex = HashMap::new();
         pad_insert(&mut idx, 1, "1234deadcafe");
 
         let nt = NodeTree::from(vec![block! {1: Rev(1)}]);
         assert_eq!(nt.find_hex(&idx, "1")?, Some(1));
         assert_eq!(nt.find_hex(&idx, "12")?, Some(1));
         assert_eq!(nt.find_hex(&idx, "1234de")?, Some(1));
         assert_eq!(nt.find_hex(&idx, "1a")?, None);
         assert_eq!(nt.find_hex(&idx, "ab")?, None);
 
         // and with full binary Nodes
         assert_eq!(nt.find_node(&idx, idx.get(&1).unwrap())?, Some(1));
         let unknown = Node::from_hex(&hex_pad_right("3d")).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(nt.find_node(&idx, &unknown)?, None);
         Ok(())
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_immutable_find_one_jump() {
         let mut idx = TestIndex::new();
         pad_insert(&mut idx, 9, "012");
         pad_insert(&mut idx, 0, "00a");
 
         let nt = sample_nodetree();
 
         assert_eq!(nt.find_hex(&idx, "0"), Err(MultipleResults));
         assert_eq!(nt.find_hex(&idx, "01"), Ok(Some(9)));
         assert_eq!(nt.find_hex(&idx, "00"), Err(MultipleResults));
         assert_eq!(nt.find_hex(&idx, "00a"), Ok(Some(0)));
+        assert_eq!(nt.unique_prefix_len_hex(&idx, "00a"), Ok(Some(3)));
         assert_eq!(nt.find_hex(&idx, "000"), Ok(Some(NULL_REVISION)));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_mutated_find() -> Result<(), NodeMapError> {
         let mut idx = TestIndex::new();
         pad_insert(&mut idx, 9, "012");
         pad_insert(&mut idx, 0, "00a");
         pad_insert(&mut idx, 2, "cafe");
         pad_insert(&mut idx, 3, "15");
         pad_insert(&mut idx, 1, "10");
 
         let nt = NodeTree {
             readonly: sample_nodetree().readonly,
             growable: vec![block![0: Rev(1), 5: Rev(3)]],
             root: block![0: Block(1), 1:Block(3), 12: Rev(2)],
         };
         assert_eq!(nt.find_hex(&idx, "10")?, Some(1));
         assert_eq!(nt.find_hex(&idx, "c")?, Some(2));
+        assert_eq!(nt.unique_prefix_len_hex(&idx, "c")?, Some(1));
         assert_eq!(nt.find_hex(&idx, "00"), Err(MultipleResults));
         assert_eq!(nt.find_hex(&idx, "000")?, Some(NULL_REVISION));
+        assert_eq!(nt.unique_prefix_len_hex(&idx, "000")?, Some(3));
         assert_eq!(nt.find_hex(&idx, "01")?, Some(9));
         Ok(())
     }
 
     struct TestNtIndex {
         index: TestIndex,
         nt: NodeTree,
     }
 
     impl TestNtIndex {
         fn new() -> Self {
             TestNtIndex {
                 index: HashMap::new(),
                 nt: NodeTree::default(),
             }
         }
 
         fn insert(
             &mut self,
             rev: Revision,
             hex: &str,
         ) -> Result<(), NodeMapError> {
             let node = pad_node(hex);
             self.index.insert(rev, node.clone());
             self.nt.insert(&self.index, &node, rev)?;
             Ok(())
         }
 
         fn find_hex(
             &self,
             prefix: &str,
         ) -> Result<Option<Revision>, NodeMapError> {
             self.nt.find_hex(&self.index, prefix)
         }
 
+        fn unique_prefix_len_hex(
+            &self,
+            prefix: &str,
+        ) -> Result<Option<usize>, NodeMapError> {
+            self.nt.unique_prefix_len_hex(&self.index, prefix)
+        }
+
         /// Drain `added` and restart a new one
         fn commit(self) -> Self {
             let mut as_vec: Vec<Block> =
                 self.nt.readonly.iter().map(|block| block.clone()).collect();
             as_vec.extend(self.nt.growable);
             as_vec.push(self.nt.root);
 
             Self {
                 index: self.index,
                 nt: NodeTree::from(as_vec).into(),
             }
         }
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_insert_full_mutable() -> Result<(), NodeMapError> {
         let mut idx = TestNtIndex::new();
         idx.insert(0, "1234")?;
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("1")?, Some(0));
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("12")?, Some(0));
 
         // let's trigger a simple split
         idx.insert(1, "1a34")?;
         assert_eq!(idx.nt.growable.len(), 1);
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("12")?, Some(0));
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("1a")?, Some(1));
 
         // reinserting is a no_op
         idx.insert(1, "1a34")?;
         assert_eq!(idx.nt.growable.len(), 1);
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("12")?, Some(0));
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("1a")?, Some(1));
 
         idx.insert(2, "1a01")?;
         assert_eq!(idx.nt.growable.len(), 2);
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("1a"), Err(NodeMapError::MultipleResults));
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("12")?, Some(0));
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("1a3")?, Some(1));
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("1a0")?, Some(2));
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("1a12")?, None);
 
         // now let's make it split and create more than one additional block
         idx.insert(3, "1a345")?;
         assert_eq!(idx.nt.growable.len(), 4);
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("1a340")?, Some(1));
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("1a345")?, Some(3));
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("1a341")?, None);
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
     #[test]
+    fn test_unique_prefix_len_zero_prefix() {
+        let mut idx = TestNtIndex::new();
+        idx.insert(0, "00000abcd").unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("000"), Err(NodeMapError::MultipleResults));
+        // in the nodetree proper, this will be found at the first nybble
+        // yet the correct answer for unique_prefix_len is not 1, nor 1+1,
+        // but the first difference with `NULL_NODE`
+        assert_eq!(idx.unique_prefix_len_hex("00000a"), Ok(Some(6)));
+        assert_eq!(idx.unique_prefix_len_hex("00000ab"), Ok(Some(6)));
+
+        // same with odd result
+        idx.insert(1, "00123").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(idx.unique_prefix_len_hex("001"), Ok(Some(3)));
+        assert_eq!(idx.unique_prefix_len_hex("0012"), Ok(Some(3)));
+
+        // these are unchanged of course
+        assert_eq!(idx.unique_prefix_len_hex("00000a"), Ok(Some(6)));
+        assert_eq!(idx.unique_prefix_len_hex("00000ab"), Ok(Some(6)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
     fn test_insert_extreme_splitting() -> Result<(), NodeMapError> {
         // check that the splitting loop is long enough
         let mut nt_idx = TestNtIndex::new();
         let nt = &mut nt_idx.nt;
         let idx = &mut nt_idx.index;
 
         let node0_hex = hex_pad_right("444444");
         let mut node1_hex = hex_pad_right("444444").clone();
         node1_hex.pop();
         node1_hex.push('5');
         let node0 = Node::from_hex(&node0_hex).unwrap();
         let node1 = Node::from_hex(&node1_hex).unwrap();
 
         idx.insert(0, node0.clone());
         nt.insert(idx, &node0, 0)?;
         idx.insert(1, node1.clone());
         nt.insert(idx, &node1, 1)?;
 
         assert_eq!(nt.find_bin(idx, (&node0).into())?, Some(0));
         assert_eq!(nt.find_bin(idx, (&node1).into())?, Some(1));
         Ok(())
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_insert_partly_immutable() -> Result<(), NodeMapError> {
         let mut idx = TestNtIndex::new();
         idx.insert(0, "1234")?;
         idx.insert(1, "1235")?;
         idx.insert(2, "131")?;
         idx.insert(3, "cafe")?;
         let mut idx = idx.commit();
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("1234")?, Some(0));
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("1235")?, Some(1));
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("131")?, Some(2));
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("cafe")?, Some(3));
 
         idx.insert(4, "123A")?;
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("1234")?, Some(0));
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("1235")?, Some(1));
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("131")?, Some(2));
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("cafe")?, Some(3));
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("123A")?, Some(4));
 
         idx.insert(5, "c0")?;
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("cafe")?, Some(3));
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("c0")?, Some(5));
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("c1")?, None);
         assert_eq!(idx.find_hex("1234")?, Some(0));
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_into_added_empty() {
         assert!(sample_nodetree().into_readonly_and_added().1.is_empty());
         assert!(sample_nodetree()
             .into_readonly_and_added_bytes()
             .1
             .is_empty());
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_into_added_bytes() -> Result<(), NodeMapError> {
         let mut idx = TestNtIndex::new();
         idx.insert(0, "1234")?;
         let mut idx = idx.commit();
         idx.insert(4, "cafe")?;
         let (_, bytes) = idx.nt.into_readonly_and_added_bytes();
 
         // only the root block has been changed
         assert_eq!(bytes.len(), BLOCK_SIZE);
         // big endian for -2
         assert_eq!(&bytes[4..2 * 4], [255, 255, 255, 254]);
         // big endian for -6
         assert_eq!(&bytes[12 * 4..13 * 4], [255, 255, 255, 250]);
         Ok(())
     }
 }