match: match explicit file using a set

The matcher as all the logic to do quick comparison against explicit patterns,
however the pattern matcher was shadowing the code using that set and used the
compiled regex pattern in all cases, which is quite slow. We restore the usage
of the set based matching to boost performance.

Building the regexp is still consuming a large amount of time (actually, the
majority of the time), which is still silly. Maybe using re2 would help that,
but this is a quest for another adventure.

Another path to improve this is to have a pattern type dedicated to match the
exact path to a file only (not a directory). This pattern could use the set
matching only and be skipped in the regex all together.


Benchmarks
==========

In the following benchmark we are comparing the `hg cat` and `hg files` run
time when matching against all files in the repository. They are
run:
 - without the rust extensions
 - with the standard python engine (so without re2)


Performance improvement in this series
--------------------------------------

###### hg files ###############################################################
### mercurial-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog ### sorted
base-changeset:    0.230092 seconds
prev-changeset:    0.230069 seconds
this-changeset:    0.211425 seconds    (-8.36%)
### mercurial-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog ### shuffled
base-changeset:    0.234235 seconds
prev-changeset:    0.231165 seconds    (-1.38%)
this-changeset:    0.212300 seconds    (-9.43%)

### pypy-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog ### sorted
base-changeset:    0.613567 seconds
prev-changeset:    0.616799 seconds
this-changeset:    0.510852 seconds   (-16.82%)
### pypy-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog ### shuffled
base-changeset:    0.801880 seconds
prev-changeset:    0.616393 seconds   (-23.22%)
this-changeset:    0.511903 seconds   (-36.23%)

### netbeans-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog ### sorted
base-changeset:   21.541828 seconds
prev-changeset:   21.586773 seconds
this-changeset:   13.648347 seconds   (-36.76%)
### netbeans-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog ### shuffled
base-changeset:  172.759857 seconds
prev-changeset:   21.908197 seconds   (-87.32%)
this-changeset:   13.945110 seconds   (-91.93%)

### mozilla-central-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog ### sorted
base-changeset:   62.474221 seconds
prev-changeset:   61.279490 seconds    (-1.22%)
this-changeset:   29.529469 seconds   (-52.40%)
### mozilla-central-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog ### shuffled
base-changeset: 1364.180218 seconds
prev-changeset:   62.473549 seconds   (-95.40%)
this-changeset:   30.625249 seconds   (-97.75%)

###### hg cat #################################################################
### mercurial-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog ### sorted
base-changeset:    0.764407 seconds
prev-changeset:    0.763883 seconds
this-changeset:    0.737326 seconds    (-3.68%)
### mercurial-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog ### shuffled
base-changeset:    0.768924 seconds
prev-changeset:    0.765848 seconds
this-changeset:    0.174d0b seconds    (-4.44%)

### pypy-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog ### sorted
base-changeset:    2.065220 seconds
prev-changeset:    2.070498 seconds
this-changeset:    1.939482 seconds    (-6.08%)
### pypy-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog ### shuffled
base-changeset:    2.276388 seconds
prev-changeset:    2.069197 seconds    (-9.15%)
this-changeset:    1.931746 seconds   (-15.19%)

### netbeans-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog ### sorted
base-changeset:   40.967983 seconds
prev-changeset:   41.392423 seconds
this-changeset:   32.181681 seconds   (-22.20%)
### netbeans-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog ### shuffled
base-changeset:  216.388709 seconds
prev-changeset:   41.648689 seconds   (-80.88%)
this-changeset:   32.580817 seconds   (-85.04%)

### mozilla-central-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog ### sorted
base-changeset:  105.228510 seconds
prev-changeset:  103.315670 seconds    (-1.23%)
this-changeset:   69.416118 seconds   (-33.64%)
### mozilla-central-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog ### shuffled
base-changeset: 1448.722784 seconds
prev-changeset:  104.369358 seconds   (-92.80%)
this-changeset:   70.554789 seconds   (-95.13%)

Different way to list the same data with this revision
------------------------------------------------------

###### hg files ###############################################################
### mercurial-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog
root:            0.119182 seconds
glob:            0.120697 seconds    (+1.27%)
sorted:          0.211425 seconds   (+77.40%)
shuffled:        0.212300 seconds   (+78.13%)
### pypy-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog
root:            0.121986 seconds
glob:            0.124822 seconds    (+2.32%)
sorted:          0.510852 seconds  (+318.78%)
shuffled:        0.511903 seconds  (+319.64%)
### netbeans-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog
root:            0.173984 seconds
glob:            0.227203 seconds   (+30.59%)
sorted:         13.648347 seconds (+7744.59%)
shuffled:       13.945110 seconds (+7915.16%)
### mozilla-central-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog
root:            0.366463 seconds
glob:            0.491030 seconds   (+33.99%)
sorted:         29.529469 seconds (+7957.96%)
shuffled:       30.625249 seconds (+8256.97%)

###### hg cat #################################################################
### mercurial-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog
glob:            0.647471 seconds
root:            0.643120 seconds
shuffled:        0.174d0b seconds   (+13.92%)
sorted:          0.737326 seconds   (+13.88%)
### mozilla-central-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog
glob:           40.596983 seconds
root:           40.129136 seconds
shuffled:       70.554789 seconds   (+73.79%)
sorted:         69.416118 seconds   (+70.99%)
### netbeans-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog
glob:           18.777924 seconds
root:           18.613905 seconds
shuffled:       32.580817 seconds   (+73.51%)
sorted:         32.181681 seconds   (+71.38%)
### pypy-2018-08-01-zstd-sparse-revlog
glob:            1.555319 seconds
root:            1.536534 seconds
shuffled:        1.931746 seconds   (+24.20%)
sorted:          1.939482 seconds   (+24.70%)

mercurial/match.py

@@ -1,1665 +1,1670 b''
 # match.py - filename matching
 #
 #  Copyright 2008, 2009 Olivia Mackall <[e-mail]> and others
 #
 # This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
 # GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
 
 
 import bisect
 import copy
 import itertools
 import os
 import re
 
 from .i18n import _
 from .pycompat import open
 from . import (
     encoding,
     error,
     pathutil,
     policy,
     pycompat,
     util,
 )
 from .utils import stringutil
 
 rustmod = policy.importrust('dirstate')
 
 allpatternkinds = (
     b're',
     b'glob',
     b'path',
     b'relglob',
     b'relpath',
     b'relre',
     b'rootglob',
     b'listfile',
     b'listfile0',
     b'set',
     b'include',
     b'subinclude',
     b'rootfilesin',
 )
 cwdrelativepatternkinds = (b'relpath', b'glob')
 
 propertycache = util.propertycache
 
 
 def _rematcher(regex):
     """compile the regexp with the best available regexp engine and return a
     matcher function"""
     m = util.re.compile(regex)
     try:
         # slightly faster, provided by facebook's re2 bindings
         return m.test_match
     except AttributeError:
         return m.match
 
 
 def _expandsets(cwd, kindpats, ctx=None, listsubrepos=False, badfn=None):
     '''Returns the kindpats list with the 'set' patterns expanded to matchers'''
     matchers = []
     other = []
 
     for kind, pat, source in kindpats:
         if kind == b'set':
             if ctx is None:
                 raise error.ProgrammingError(
                     b"fileset expression with no context"
                 )
             matchers.append(ctx.matchfileset(cwd, pat, badfn=badfn))
 
             if listsubrepos:
                 for subpath in ctx.substate:
                     sm = ctx.sub(subpath).matchfileset(cwd, pat, badfn=badfn)
                     pm = prefixdirmatcher(subpath, sm, badfn=badfn)
                     matchers.append(pm)
 
             continue
         other.append((kind, pat, source))
     return matchers, other
 
 
 def _expandsubinclude(kindpats, root):
     """Returns the list of subinclude matcher args and the kindpats without the
     subincludes in it."""
     relmatchers = []
     other = []
 
     for kind, pat, source in kindpats:
         if kind == b'subinclude':
             sourceroot = pathutil.dirname(util.normpath(source))
             pat = util.pconvert(pat)
             path = pathutil.join(sourceroot, pat)
 
             newroot = pathutil.dirname(path)
             matcherargs = (newroot, b'', [], [b'include:%s' % path])
 
             prefix = pathutil.canonpath(root, root, newroot)
             if prefix:
                 prefix += b'/'
             relmatchers.append((prefix, matcherargs))
         else:
             other.append((kind, pat, source))
 
     return relmatchers, other
 
 
 def _kindpatsalwaysmatch(kindpats):
     """Checks whether the kindspats match everything, as e.g.
     'relpath:.' does.
     """
     for kind, pat, source in kindpats:
         if pat != b'' or kind not in [b'relpath', b'glob']:
             return False
     return True
 
 
 def _buildkindpatsmatcher(
     matchercls,
     root,
     cwd,
     kindpats,
     ctx=None,
     listsubrepos=False,
     badfn=None,
 ):
     matchers = []
     fms, kindpats = _expandsets(
         cwd,
         kindpats,
         ctx=ctx,
         listsubrepos=listsubrepos,
         badfn=badfn,
     )
     if kindpats:
         m = matchercls(root, kindpats, badfn=badfn)
         matchers.append(m)
     if fms:
         matchers.extend(fms)
     if not matchers:
         return nevermatcher(badfn=badfn)
     if len(matchers) == 1:
         return matchers[0]
     return unionmatcher(matchers)
 
 
 def match(
     root,
     cwd,
     patterns=None,
     include=None,
     exclude=None,
     default=b'glob',
     auditor=None,
     ctx=None,
     listsubrepos=False,
     warn=None,
     badfn=None,
     icasefs=False,
 ):
     r"""build an object to match a set of file patterns
 
     arguments:
     root - the canonical root of the tree you're matching against
     cwd - the current working directory, if relevant
     patterns - patterns to find
     include - patterns to include (unless they are excluded)
     exclude - patterns to exclude (even if they are included)
     default - if a pattern in patterns has no explicit type, assume this one
     auditor - optional path auditor
     ctx - optional changecontext
     listsubrepos - if True, recurse into subrepositories
     warn - optional function used for printing warnings
     badfn - optional bad() callback for this matcher instead of the default
     icasefs - make a matcher for wdir on case insensitive filesystems, which
         normalizes the given patterns to the case in the filesystem
 
     a pattern is one of:
     'glob:<glob>' - a glob relative to cwd
     're:<regexp>' - a regular expression
     'path:<path>' - a path relative to repository root, which is matched
                     recursively
     'rootfilesin:<path>' - a path relative to repository root, which is
                     matched non-recursively (will not match subdirectories)
     'relglob:<glob>' - an unrooted glob (*.c matches C files in all dirs)
     'relpath:<path>' - a path relative to cwd
     'relre:<regexp>' - a regexp that needn't match the start of a name
     'set:<fileset>' - a fileset expression
     'include:<path>' - a file of patterns to read and include
     'subinclude:<path>' - a file of patterns to match against files under
                           the same directory
     '<something>' - a pattern of the specified default type
 
     >>> def _match(root, *args, **kwargs):
     ...     return match(util.localpath(root), *args, **kwargs)
 
     Usually a patternmatcher is returned:
     >>> _match(b'/foo', b'.', [br're:.*\.c$', b'path:foo/a', b'*.py'])
     <patternmatcher patterns='[^/]*\\.py$|foo/a(?:/|$)|.*\\.c$'>
 
     Combining 'patterns' with 'include' (resp. 'exclude') gives an
     intersectionmatcher (resp. a differencematcher):
     >>> type(_match(b'/foo', b'.', [br're:.*\.c$'], include=[b'path:lib']))
     <class 'mercurial.match.intersectionmatcher'>
     >>> type(_match(b'/foo', b'.', [br're:.*\.c$'], exclude=[b'path:build']))
     <class 'mercurial.match.differencematcher'>
 
     Notice that, if 'patterns' is empty, an alwaysmatcher is returned:
     >>> _match(b'/foo', b'.', [])
     <alwaysmatcher>
 
     The 'default' argument determines which kind of pattern is assumed if a
     pattern has no prefix:
     >>> _match(b'/foo', b'.', [br'.*\.c$'], default=b're')
     <patternmatcher patterns='.*\\.c$'>
     >>> _match(b'/foo', b'.', [b'main.py'], default=b'relpath')
     <patternmatcher patterns='main\\.py(?:/|$)'>
     >>> _match(b'/foo', b'.', [b'main.py'], default=b're')
     <patternmatcher patterns='main.py'>
 
     The primary use of matchers is to check whether a value (usually a file
     name) matches againset one of the patterns given at initialization. There
     are two ways of doing this check.
 
     >>> m = _match(b'/foo', b'', [br're:.*\.c$', b'relpath:a'])
 
     1. Calling the matcher with a file name returns True if any pattern
     matches that file name:
     >>> m(b'a')
     True
     >>> m(b'main.c')
     True
     >>> m(b'test.py')
     False
 
     2. Using the exact() method only returns True if the file name matches one
     of the exact patterns (i.e. not re: or glob: patterns):
     >>> m.exact(b'a')
     True
     >>> m.exact(b'main.c')
     False
     """
     assert os.path.isabs(root)
     cwd = os.path.join(root, util.localpath(cwd))
     normalize = _donormalize
     if icasefs:
         dirstate = ctx.repo().dirstate
         dsnormalize = dirstate.normalize
 
         def normalize(patterns, default, root, cwd, auditor, warn):
             kp = _donormalize(patterns, default, root, cwd, auditor, warn)
             kindpats = []
             for kind, pats, source in kp:
                 if kind not in (b're', b'relre'):  # regex can't be normalized
                     p = pats
                     pats = dsnormalize(pats)
 
                     # Preserve the original to handle a case only rename.
                     if p != pats and p in dirstate:
                         kindpats.append((kind, p, source))
 
                 kindpats.append((kind, pats, source))
             return kindpats
 
     if patterns:
         kindpats = normalize(patterns, default, root, cwd, auditor, warn)
         if _kindpatsalwaysmatch(kindpats):
             m = alwaysmatcher(badfn)
         else:
             m = _buildkindpatsmatcher(
                 patternmatcher,
                 root,
                 cwd,
                 kindpats,
                 ctx=ctx,
                 listsubrepos=listsubrepos,
                 badfn=badfn,
             )
     else:
         # It's a little strange that no patterns means to match everything.
         # Consider changing this to match nothing (probably using nevermatcher).
         m = alwaysmatcher(badfn)
 
     if include:
         kindpats = normalize(include, b'glob', root, cwd, auditor, warn)
         im = _buildkindpatsmatcher(
             includematcher,
             root,
             cwd,
             kindpats,
             ctx=ctx,
             listsubrepos=listsubrepos,
             badfn=None,
         )
         m = intersectmatchers(m, im)
     if exclude:
         kindpats = normalize(exclude, b'glob', root, cwd, auditor, warn)
         em = _buildkindpatsmatcher(
             includematcher,
             root,
             cwd,
             kindpats,
             ctx=ctx,
             listsubrepos=listsubrepos,
             badfn=None,
         )
         m = differencematcher(m, em)
     return m
 
 
 def exact(files, badfn=None):
     return exactmatcher(files, badfn=badfn)
 
 
 def always(badfn=None):
     return alwaysmatcher(badfn)
 
 
 def never(badfn=None):
     return nevermatcher(badfn)
 
 
 def badmatch(match, badfn):
     """Make a copy of the given matcher, replacing its bad method with the given
     one.
     """
     m = copy.copy(match)
     m.bad = badfn
     return m
 
 
 def _donormalize(patterns, default, root, cwd, auditor=None, warn=None):
     """Convert 'kind:pat' from the patterns list to tuples with kind and
     normalized and rooted patterns and with listfiles expanded."""
     kindpats = []
     for kind, pat in [_patsplit(p, default) for p in patterns]:
         if kind in cwdrelativepatternkinds:
             pat = pathutil.canonpath(root, cwd, pat, auditor=auditor)
         elif kind in (b'relglob', b'path', b'rootfilesin', b'rootglob'):
             pat = util.normpath(pat)
         elif kind in (b'listfile', b'listfile0'):
             try:
                 files = util.readfile(pat)
                 if kind == b'listfile0':
                     files = files.split(b'\0')
                 else:
                     files = files.splitlines()
                 files = [f for f in files if f]
             except EnvironmentError:
                 raise error.Abort(_(b"unable to read file list (%s)") % pat)
             for k, p, source in _donormalize(
                 files, default, root, cwd, auditor, warn
             ):
                 kindpats.append((k, p, pat))
             continue
         elif kind == b'include':
             try:
                 fullpath = os.path.join(root, util.localpath(pat))
                 includepats = readpatternfile(fullpath, warn)
                 for k, p, source in _donormalize(
                     includepats, default, root, cwd, auditor, warn
                 ):
                     kindpats.append((k, p, source or pat))
             except error.Abort as inst:
                 raise error.Abort(
                     b'%s: %s'
                     % (
                         pat,
                         inst.message,
                     )
                 )
             except IOError as inst:
                 if warn:
                     warn(
                         _(b"skipping unreadable pattern file '%s': %s\n")
                         % (pat, stringutil.forcebytestr(inst.strerror))
                     )
             continue
         # else: re or relre - which cannot be normalized
         kindpats.append((kind, pat, b''))
     return kindpats
 
 
 class basematcher:
     def __init__(self, badfn=None):
         if badfn is not None:
             self.bad = badfn
 
     def __call__(self, fn):
         return self.matchfn(fn)
 
     # Callbacks related to how the matcher is used by dirstate.walk.
     # Subscribers to these events must monkeypatch the matcher object.
     def bad(self, f, msg):
         """Callback from dirstate.walk for each explicit file that can't be
         found/accessed, with an error message."""
 
     # If an traversedir is set, it will be called when a directory discovered
     # by recursive traversal is visited.
     traversedir = None
 
     @propertycache
     def _files(self):
         return []
 
     def files(self):
         """Explicitly listed files or patterns or roots:
         if no patterns or .always(): empty list,
         if exact: list exact files,
         if not .anypats(): list all files and dirs,
         else: optimal roots"""
         return self._files
 
     @propertycache
     def _fileset(self):
         return set(self._files)
 
     def exact(self, f):
         '''Returns True if f is in .files().'''
         return f in self._fileset
 
     def matchfn(self, f):
         return False
 
     def visitdir(self, dir):
         """Decides whether a directory should be visited based on whether it
         has potential matches in it or one of its subdirectories. This is
         based on the match's primary, included, and excluded patterns.
 
         Returns the string 'all' if the given directory and all subdirectories
         should be visited. Otherwise returns True or False indicating whether
         the given directory should be visited.
         """
         return True
 
     def visitchildrenset(self, dir):
         """Decides whether a directory should be visited based on whether it
         has potential matches in it or one of its subdirectories, and
         potentially lists which subdirectories of that directory should be
         visited. This is based on the match's primary, included, and excluded
         patterns.
 
         This function is very similar to 'visitdir', and the following mapping
         can be applied:
 
              visitdir | visitchildrenlist
             ----------+-------------------
              False    | set()
              'all'    | 'all'
              True     | 'this' OR non-empty set of subdirs -or files- to visit
 
         Example:
           Assume matchers ['path:foo/bar', 'rootfilesin:qux'], we would return
           the following values (assuming the implementation of visitchildrenset
           is capable of recognizing this; some implementations are not).
 
           '' -> {'foo', 'qux'}
           'baz' -> set()
           'foo' -> {'bar'}
           # Ideally this would be 'all', but since the prefix nature of matchers
           # is applied to the entire matcher, we have to downgrade this to
           # 'this' due to the non-prefix 'rootfilesin'-kind matcher being mixed
           # in.
           'foo/bar' -> 'this'
           'qux' -> 'this'
 
         Important:
           Most matchers do not know if they're representing files or
           directories. They see ['path:dir/f'] and don't know whether 'f' is a
           file or a directory, so visitchildrenset('dir') for most matchers will
           return {'f'}, but if the matcher knows it's a file (like exactmatcher
           does), it may return 'this'. Do not rely on the return being a set
           indicating that there are no files in this dir to investigate (or
           equivalently that if there are files to investigate in 'dir' that it
           will always return 'this').
         """
         return b'this'
 
     def always(self):
         """Matcher will match everything and .files() will be empty --
         optimization might be possible."""
         return False
 
     def isexact(self):
         """Matcher will match exactly the list of files in .files() --
         optimization might be possible."""
         return False
 
     def prefix(self):
         """Matcher will match the paths in .files() recursively --
         optimization might be possible."""
         return False
 
     def anypats(self):
         """None of .always(), .isexact(), and .prefix() is true --
         optimizations will be difficult."""
         return not self.always() and not self.isexact() and not self.prefix()
 
 
 class alwaysmatcher(basematcher):
     '''Matches everything.'''
 
     def __init__(self, badfn=None):
         super(alwaysmatcher, self).__init__(badfn)
 
     def always(self):
         return True
 
     def matchfn(self, f):
         return True
 
     def visitdir(self, dir):
         return b'all'
 
     def visitchildrenset(self, dir):
         return b'all'
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return r'<alwaysmatcher>'
 
 
 class nevermatcher(basematcher):
     '''Matches nothing.'''
 
     def __init__(self, badfn=None):
         super(nevermatcher, self).__init__(badfn)
 
     # It's a little weird to say that the nevermatcher is an exact matcher
     # or a prefix matcher, but it seems to make sense to let callers take
     # fast paths based on either. There will be no exact matches, nor any
     # prefixes (files() returns []), so fast paths iterating over them should
     # be efficient (and correct).
     def isexact(self):
         return True
 
     def prefix(self):
         return True
 
     def visitdir(self, dir):
         return False
 
     def visitchildrenset(self, dir):
         return set()
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return r'<nevermatcher>'
 
 
 class predicatematcher(basematcher):
     """A matcher adapter for a simple boolean function"""
 
     def __init__(self, predfn, predrepr=None, badfn=None):
         super(predicatematcher, self).__init__(badfn)
         self.matchfn = predfn
         self._predrepr = predrepr
 
     @encoding.strmethod
     def __repr__(self):
         s = stringutil.buildrepr(self._predrepr) or pycompat.byterepr(
             self.matchfn
         )
         return b'<predicatenmatcher pred=%s>' % s
 
 
 def path_or_parents_in_set(path, prefix_set):
     """Returns True if `path` (or any parent of `path`) is in `prefix_set`."""
     l = len(prefix_set)
     if l == 0:
         return False
     if path in prefix_set:
         return True
     # If there's more than 5 paths in prefix_set, it's *probably* quicker to
     # "walk up" the directory hierarchy instead, with the assumption that most
     # directory hierarchies are relatively shallow and hash lookup is cheap.
     if l > 5:
         return any(
             parentdir in prefix_set for parentdir in pathutil.finddirs(path)
         )
 
     # FIXME: Ideally we'd never get to this point if this is the case - we'd
     # recognize ourselves as an 'always' matcher and skip this.
     if b'' in prefix_set:
         return True
 
     sl = ord(b'/')
 
     # We already checked that path isn't in prefix_set exactly, so
     # `path[len(pf)] should never raise IndexError.
     return any(path.startswith(pf) and path[len(pf)] == sl for pf in prefix_set)
 
 
 class patternmatcher(basematcher):
     r"""Matches a set of (kind, pat, source) against a 'root' directory.
 
     >>> kindpats = [
     ...     (b're', br'.*\.c$', b''),
     ...     (b'path', b'foo/a', b''),
     ...     (b'relpath', b'b', b''),
     ...     (b'glob', b'*.h', b''),
     ... ]
     >>> m = patternmatcher(b'foo', kindpats)
     >>> m(b'main.c')  # matches re:.*\.c$
     True
     >>> m(b'b.txt')
     False
     >>> m(b'foo/a')  # matches path:foo/a
     True
     >>> m(b'a')  # does not match path:b, since 'root' is 'foo'
     False
     >>> m(b'b')  # matches relpath:b, since 'root' is 'foo'
     True
     >>> m(b'lib.h')  # matches glob:*.h
     True
 
     >>> m.files()
     [b'', b'foo/a', b'', b'b']
     >>> m.exact(b'foo/a')
     True
     >>> m.exact(b'b')
     True
     >>> m.exact(b'lib.h')  # exact matches are for (rel)path kinds
     False
     """
 
     def __init__(self, root, kindpats, badfn=None):
         super(patternmatcher, self).__init__(badfn)
         kindpats.sort()
 
         self._files = _explicitfiles(kindpats)
         self._prefix = _prefix(kindpats)
-        self._pats, self.matchfn = _buildmatch(kindpats, b'$', root)
+        self._pats, self._matchfn = _buildmatch(kindpats, b'$', root)
+
+    def matchfn(self, fn):
+        if fn in self._fileset:
+            return True
+        return self._matchfn(fn)
 
     @propertycache
     def _dirs(self):
         return set(pathutil.dirs(self._fileset))
 
     def visitdir(self, dir):
         if self._prefix and dir in self._fileset:
             return b'all'
         return dir in self._dirs or path_or_parents_in_set(dir, self._fileset)
 
     def visitchildrenset(self, dir):
         ret = self.visitdir(dir)
         if ret is True:
             return b'this'
         elif not ret:
             return set()
         assert ret == b'all'
         return b'all'
 
     def prefix(self):
         return self._prefix
 
     @encoding.strmethod
     def __repr__(self):
         return b'<patternmatcher patterns=%r>' % pycompat.bytestr(self._pats)
 
 
 # This is basically a reimplementation of pathutil.dirs that stores the
 # children instead of just a count of them, plus a small optional optimization
 # to avoid some directories we don't need.
 class _dirchildren:
     def __init__(self, paths, onlyinclude=None):
         self._dirs = {}
         self._onlyinclude = onlyinclude or []
         addpath = self.addpath
         for f in paths:
             addpath(f)
 
     def addpath(self, path):
         if path == b'':
             return
         dirs = self._dirs
         findsplitdirs = _dirchildren._findsplitdirs
         for d, b in findsplitdirs(path):
             if d not in self._onlyinclude:
                 continue
             dirs.setdefault(d, set()).add(b)
 
     @staticmethod
     def _findsplitdirs(path):
         # yields (dirname, basename) tuples, walking back to the root.  This is
         # very similar to pathutil.finddirs, except:
         #  - produces a (dirname, basename) tuple, not just 'dirname'
         # Unlike manifest._splittopdir, this does not suffix `dirname` with a
         # slash.
         oldpos = len(path)
         pos = path.rfind(b'/')
         while pos != -1:
             yield path[:pos], path[pos + 1 : oldpos]
             oldpos = pos
             pos = path.rfind(b'/', 0, pos)
         yield b'', path[:oldpos]
 
     def get(self, path):
         return self._dirs.get(path, set())
 
 
 class includematcher(basematcher):
     def __init__(self, root, kindpats, badfn=None):
         super(includematcher, self).__init__(badfn)
         if rustmod is not None:
             # We need to pass the patterns to Rust because they can contain
             # patterns from the user interface
             self._kindpats = kindpats
         self._pats, self.matchfn = _buildmatch(kindpats, b'(?:/|$)', root)
         self._prefix = _prefix(kindpats)
         roots, dirs, parents = _rootsdirsandparents(kindpats)
         # roots are directories which are recursively included.
         self._roots = set(roots)
         # dirs are directories which are non-recursively included.
         self._dirs = set(dirs)
         # parents are directories which are non-recursively included because
         # they are needed to get to items in _dirs or _roots.
         self._parents = parents
 
     def visitdir(self, dir):
         if self._prefix and dir in self._roots:
             return b'all'
         return (
             dir in self._dirs
             or dir in self._parents
             or path_or_parents_in_set(dir, self._roots)
         )
 
     @propertycache
     def _allparentschildren(self):
         # It may seem odd that we add dirs, roots, and parents, and then
         # restrict to only parents. This is to catch the case of:
         #   dirs = ['foo/bar']
         #   parents = ['foo']
         # if we asked for the children of 'foo', but had only added
         # self._parents, we wouldn't be able to respond ['bar'].
         return _dirchildren(
             itertools.chain(self._dirs, self._roots, self._parents),
             onlyinclude=self._parents,
         )
 
     def visitchildrenset(self, dir):
         if self._prefix and dir in self._roots:
             return b'all'
         # Note: this does *not* include the 'dir in self._parents' case from
         # visitdir, that's handled below.
         if (
             b'' in self._roots
             or dir in self._dirs
             or path_or_parents_in_set(dir, self._roots)
         ):
             return b'this'
 
         if dir in self._parents:
             return self._allparentschildren.get(dir) or set()
         return set()
 
     @encoding.strmethod
     def __repr__(self):
         return b'<includematcher includes=%r>' % pycompat.bytestr(self._pats)
 
 
 class exactmatcher(basematcher):
     r"""Matches the input files exactly. They are interpreted as paths, not
     patterns (so no kind-prefixes).
 
     >>> m = exactmatcher([b'a.txt', br're:.*\.c$'])
     >>> m(b'a.txt')
     True
     >>> m(b'b.txt')
     False
 
     Input files that would be matched are exactly those returned by .files()
     >>> m.files()
     ['a.txt', 're:.*\\.c$']
 
     So pattern 're:.*\.c$' is not considered as a regex, but as a file name
     >>> m(b'main.c')
     False
     >>> m(br're:.*\.c$')
     True
     """
 
     def __init__(self, files, badfn=None):
         super(exactmatcher, self).__init__(badfn)
 
         if isinstance(files, list):
             self._files = files
         else:
             self._files = list(files)
 
     matchfn = basematcher.exact
 
     @propertycache
     def _dirs(self):
         return set(pathutil.dirs(self._fileset))
 
     def visitdir(self, dir):
         return dir in self._dirs
 
     @propertycache
     def _visitchildrenset_candidates(self):
         """A memoized set of candidates for visitchildrenset."""
         return self._fileset | self._dirs - {b''}
 
     @propertycache
     def _sorted_visitchildrenset_candidates(self):
         """A memoized sorted list of candidates for visitchildrenset."""
         return sorted(self._visitchildrenset_candidates)
 
     def visitchildrenset(self, dir):
         if not self._fileset or dir not in self._dirs:
             return set()
 
         if dir == b'':
             candidates = self._visitchildrenset_candidates
         else:
             candidates = self._sorted_visitchildrenset_candidates
             d = dir + b'/'
             # Use bisect to find the first element potentially starting with d
             # (i.e. >= d). This should always find at least one element (we'll
             # assert later if this is not the case).
             first = bisect.bisect_left(candidates, d)
             # We need a representation of the first element that is > d that
             # does not start with d, so since we added a `/` on the end of dir,
             # we'll add whatever comes after slash (we could probably assume
             # that `0` is after `/`, but let's not) to the end of dir instead.
             dnext = dir + encoding.strtolocal(chr(ord(b'/') + 1))
             # Use bisect to find the first element >= d_next
             last = bisect.bisect_left(candidates, dnext, lo=first)
             dlen = len(d)
             candidates = {c[dlen:] for c in candidates[first:last]}
         # self._dirs includes all of the directories, recursively, so if
         # we're attempting to match foo/bar/baz.txt, it'll have '', 'foo',
         # 'foo/bar' in it. Thus we can safely ignore a candidate that has a
         # '/' in it, indicating a it's for a subdir-of-a-subdir; the
         # immediate subdir will be in there without a slash.
         ret = {c for c in candidates if b'/' not in c}
         # We really do not expect ret to be empty, since that would imply that
         # there's something in _dirs that didn't have a file in _fileset.
         assert ret
         return ret
 
     def isexact(self):
         return True
 
     @encoding.strmethod
     def __repr__(self):
         return b'<exactmatcher files=%r>' % self._files
 
 
 class differencematcher(basematcher):
     """Composes two matchers by matching if the first matches and the second
     does not.
 
     The second matcher's non-matching-attributes (bad, traversedir) are ignored.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, m1, m2):
         super(differencematcher, self).__init__()
         self._m1 = m1
         self._m2 = m2
         self.bad = m1.bad
         self.traversedir = m1.traversedir
 
     def matchfn(self, f):
         return self._m1(f) and not self._m2(f)
 
     @propertycache
     def _files(self):
         if self.isexact():
             return [f for f in self._m1.files() if self(f)]
         # If m1 is not an exact matcher, we can't easily figure out the set of
         # files, because its files() are not always files. For example, if
         # m1 is "path:dir" and m2 is "rootfileins:.", we don't
         # want to remove "dir" from the set even though it would match m2,
         # because the "dir" in m1 may not be a file.
         return self._m1.files()
 
     def visitdir(self, dir):
         if self._m2.visitdir(dir) == b'all':
             return False
         elif not self._m2.visitdir(dir):
             # m2 does not match dir, we can return 'all' here if possible
             return self._m1.visitdir(dir)
         return bool(self._m1.visitdir(dir))
 
     def visitchildrenset(self, dir):
         m2_set = self._m2.visitchildrenset(dir)
         if m2_set == b'all':
             return set()
         m1_set = self._m1.visitchildrenset(dir)
         # Possible values for m1: 'all', 'this', set(...), set()
         # Possible values for m2:        'this', set(...), set()
         # If m2 has nothing under here that we care about, return m1, even if
         # it's 'all'. This is a change in behavior from visitdir, which would
         # return True, not 'all', for some reason.
         if not m2_set:
             return m1_set
         if m1_set in [b'all', b'this']:
             # Never return 'all' here if m2_set is any kind of non-empty (either
             # 'this' or set(foo)), since m2 might return set() for a
             # subdirectory.
             return b'this'
         # Possible values for m1:         set(...), set()
         # Possible values for m2: 'this', set(...)
         # We ignore m2's set results. They're possibly incorrect:
         #  m1 = path:dir/subdir, m2=rootfilesin:dir, visitchildrenset(''):
         #    m1 returns {'dir'}, m2 returns {'dir'}, if we subtracted we'd
         #    return set(), which is *not* correct, we still need to visit 'dir'!
         return m1_set
 
     def isexact(self):
         return self._m1.isexact()
 
     @encoding.strmethod
     def __repr__(self):
         return b'<differencematcher m1=%r, m2=%r>' % (self._m1, self._m2)
 
 
 def intersectmatchers(m1, m2):
     """Composes two matchers by matching if both of them match.
 
     The second matcher's non-matching-attributes (bad, traversedir) are ignored.
     """
     if m1 is None or m2 is None:
         return m1 or m2
     if m1.always():
         m = copy.copy(m2)
         # TODO: Consider encapsulating these things in a class so there's only
         # one thing to copy from m1.
         m.bad = m1.bad
         m.traversedir = m1.traversedir
         return m
     if m2.always():
         m = copy.copy(m1)
         return m
     return intersectionmatcher(m1, m2)
 
 
 class intersectionmatcher(basematcher):
     def __init__(self, m1, m2):
         super(intersectionmatcher, self).__init__()
         self._m1 = m1
         self._m2 = m2
         self.bad = m1.bad
         self.traversedir = m1.traversedir
 
     @propertycache
     def _files(self):
         if self.isexact():
             m1, m2 = self._m1, self._m2
             if not m1.isexact():
                 m1, m2 = m2, m1
             return [f for f in m1.files() if m2(f)]
         # It neither m1 nor m2 is an exact matcher, we can't easily intersect
         # the set of files, because their files() are not always files. For
         # example, if intersecting a matcher "-I glob:foo.txt" with matcher of
         # "path:dir2", we don't want to remove "dir2" from the set.
         return self._m1.files() + self._m2.files()
 
     def matchfn(self, f):
         return self._m1(f) and self._m2(f)
 
     def visitdir(self, dir):
         visit1 = self._m1.visitdir(dir)
         if visit1 == b'all':
             return self._m2.visitdir(dir)
         # bool() because visit1=True + visit2='all' should not be 'all'
         return bool(visit1 and self._m2.visitdir(dir))
 
     def visitchildrenset(self, dir):
         m1_set = self._m1.visitchildrenset(dir)
         if not m1_set:
             return set()
         m2_set = self._m2.visitchildrenset(dir)
         if not m2_set:
             return set()
 
         if m1_set == b'all':
             return m2_set
         elif m2_set == b'all':
             return m1_set
 
         if m1_set == b'this' or m2_set == b'this':
             return b'this'
 
         assert isinstance(m1_set, set) and isinstance(m2_set, set)
         return m1_set.intersection(m2_set)
 
     def always(self):
         return self._m1.always() and self._m2.always()
 
     def isexact(self):
         return self._m1.isexact() or self._m2.isexact()
 
     @encoding.strmethod
     def __repr__(self):
         return b'<intersectionmatcher m1=%r, m2=%r>' % (self._m1, self._m2)
 
 
 class subdirmatcher(basematcher):
     """Adapt a matcher to work on a subdirectory only.
 
     The paths are remapped to remove/insert the path as needed:
 
     >>> from . import pycompat
     >>> m1 = match(util.localpath(b'/root'), b'', [b'a.txt', b'sub/b.txt'], auditor=lambda name: None)
     >>> m2 = subdirmatcher(b'sub', m1)
     >>> m2(b'a.txt')
     False
     >>> m2(b'b.txt')
     True
     >>> m2.matchfn(b'a.txt')
     False
     >>> m2.matchfn(b'b.txt')
     True
     >>> m2.files()
     ['b.txt']
     >>> m2.exact(b'b.txt')
     True
     >>> def bad(f, msg):
     ...     print(pycompat.sysstr(b"%s: %s" % (f, msg)))
     >>> m1.bad = bad
     >>> m2.bad(b'x.txt', b'No such file')
     sub/x.txt: No such file
     """
 
     def __init__(self, path, matcher):
         super(subdirmatcher, self).__init__()
         self._path = path
         self._matcher = matcher
         self._always = matcher.always()
 
         self._files = [
             f[len(path) + 1 :]
             for f in matcher._files
             if f.startswith(path + b"/")
         ]
 
         # If the parent repo had a path to this subrepo and the matcher is
         # a prefix matcher, this submatcher always matches.
         if matcher.prefix():
             self._always = any(f == path for f in matcher._files)
 
     def bad(self, f, msg):
         self._matcher.bad(self._path + b"/" + f, msg)
 
     def matchfn(self, f):
         # Some information is lost in the superclass's constructor, so we
         # can not accurately create the matching function for the subdirectory
         # from the inputs. Instead, we override matchfn() and visitdir() to
         # call the original matcher with the subdirectory path prepended.
         return self._matcher.matchfn(self._path + b"/" + f)
 
     def visitdir(self, dir):
         if dir == b'':
             dir = self._path
         else:
             dir = self._path + b"/" + dir
         return self._matcher.visitdir(dir)
 
     def visitchildrenset(self, dir):
         if dir == b'':
             dir = self._path
         else:
             dir = self._path + b"/" + dir
         return self._matcher.visitchildrenset(dir)
 
     def always(self):
         return self._always
 
     def prefix(self):
         return self._matcher.prefix() and not self._always
 
     @encoding.strmethod
     def __repr__(self):
         return b'<subdirmatcher path=%r, matcher=%r>' % (
             self._path,
             self._matcher,
         )
 
 
 class prefixdirmatcher(basematcher):
     """Adapt a matcher to work on a parent directory.
 
     The matcher's non-matching-attributes (bad, traversedir) are ignored.
 
     The prefix path should usually be the relative path from the root of
     this matcher to the root of the wrapped matcher.
 
     >>> m1 = match(util.localpath(b'/root/d/e'), b'f', [b'../a.txt', b'b.txt'], auditor=lambda name: None)
     >>> m2 = prefixdirmatcher(b'd/e', m1)
     >>> m2(b'a.txt')
     False
     >>> m2(b'd/e/a.txt')
     True
     >>> m2(b'd/e/b.txt')
     False
     >>> m2.files()
     ['d/e/a.txt', 'd/e/f/b.txt']
     >>> m2.exact(b'd/e/a.txt')
     True
     >>> m2.visitdir(b'd')
     True
     >>> m2.visitdir(b'd/e')
     True
     >>> m2.visitdir(b'd/e/f')
     True
     >>> m2.visitdir(b'd/e/g')
     False
     >>> m2.visitdir(b'd/ef')
     False
     """
 
     def __init__(self, path, matcher, badfn=None):
         super(prefixdirmatcher, self).__init__(badfn)
         if not path:
             raise error.ProgrammingError(b'prefix path must not be empty')
         self._path = path
         self._pathprefix = path + b'/'
         self._matcher = matcher
 
     @propertycache
     def _files(self):
         return [self._pathprefix + f for f in self._matcher._files]
 
     def matchfn(self, f):
         if not f.startswith(self._pathprefix):
             return False
         return self._matcher.matchfn(f[len(self._pathprefix) :])
 
     @propertycache
     def _pathdirs(self):
         return set(pathutil.finddirs(self._path))
 
     def visitdir(self, dir):
         if dir == self._path:
             return self._matcher.visitdir(b'')
         if dir.startswith(self._pathprefix):
             return self._matcher.visitdir(dir[len(self._pathprefix) :])
         return dir in self._pathdirs
 
     def visitchildrenset(self, dir):
         if dir == self._path:
             return self._matcher.visitchildrenset(b'')
         if dir.startswith(self._pathprefix):
             return self._matcher.visitchildrenset(dir[len(self._pathprefix) :])
         if dir in self._pathdirs:
             return b'this'
         return set()
 
     def isexact(self):
         return self._matcher.isexact()
 
     def prefix(self):
         return self._matcher.prefix()
 
     @encoding.strmethod
     def __repr__(self):
         return b'<prefixdirmatcher path=%r, matcher=%r>' % (
             pycompat.bytestr(self._path),
             self._matcher,
         )
 
 
 class unionmatcher(basematcher):
     """A matcher that is the union of several matchers.
 
     The non-matching-attributes (bad, traversedir) are taken from the first
     matcher.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, matchers):
         m1 = matchers[0]
         super(unionmatcher, self).__init__()
         self.traversedir = m1.traversedir
         self._matchers = matchers
 
     def matchfn(self, f):
         for match in self._matchers:
             if match(f):
                 return True
         return False
 
     def visitdir(self, dir):
         r = False
         for m in self._matchers:
             v = m.visitdir(dir)
             if v == b'all':
                 return v
             r |= v
         return r
 
     def visitchildrenset(self, dir):
         r = set()
         this = False
         for m in self._matchers:
             v = m.visitchildrenset(dir)
             if not v:
                 continue
             if v == b'all':
                 return v
             if this or v == b'this':
                 this = True
                 # don't break, we might have an 'all' in here.
                 continue
             assert isinstance(v, set)
             r = r.union(v)
         if this:
             return b'this'
         return r
 
     @encoding.strmethod
     def __repr__(self):
         return b'<unionmatcher matchers=%r>' % self._matchers
 
 
 def patkind(pattern, default=None):
     r"""If pattern is 'kind:pat' with a known kind, return kind.
 
     >>> patkind(br're:.*\.c$')
     're'
     >>> patkind(b'glob:*.c')
     'glob'
     >>> patkind(b'relpath:test.py')
     'relpath'
     >>> patkind(b'main.py')
     >>> patkind(b'main.py', default=b're')
     're'
     """
     return _patsplit(pattern, default)[0]
 
 
 def _patsplit(pattern, default):
     """Split a string into the optional pattern kind prefix and the actual
     pattern."""
     if b':' in pattern:
         kind, pat = pattern.split(b':', 1)
         if kind in allpatternkinds:
             return kind, pat
     return default, pattern
 
 
 def _globre(pat):
     r"""Convert an extended glob string to a regexp string.
 
     >>> from . import pycompat
     >>> def bprint(s):
     ...     print(pycompat.sysstr(s))
     >>> bprint(_globre(br'?'))
     .
     >>> bprint(_globre(br'*'))
     [^/]*
     >>> bprint(_globre(br'**'))
     .*
     >>> bprint(_globre(br'**/a'))
     (?:.*/)?a
     >>> bprint(_globre(br'a/**/b'))
     a/(?:.*/)?b
     >>> bprint(_globre(br'[a*?!^][^b][!c]'))
     [a*?!^][\^b][^c]
     >>> bprint(_globre(br'{a,b}'))
     (?:a|b)
     >>> bprint(_globre(br'.\*\?'))
     \.\*\?
     """
     i, n = 0, len(pat)
     res = b''
     group = 0
     escape = util.stringutil.regexbytesescapemap.get
 
     def peek():
         return i < n and pat[i : i + 1]
 
     while i < n:
         c = pat[i : i + 1]
         i += 1
         if c not in b'*?[{},\\':
             res += escape(c, c)
         elif c == b'*':
             if peek() == b'*':
                 i += 1
                 if peek() == b'/':
                     i += 1
                     res += b'(?:.*/)?'
                 else:
                     res += b'.*'
             else:
                 res += b'[^/]*'
         elif c == b'?':
             res += b'.'
         elif c == b'[':
             j = i
             if j < n and pat[j : j + 1] in b'!]':
                 j += 1
             while j < n and pat[j : j + 1] != b']':
                 j += 1
             if j >= n:
                 res += b'\\['
             else:
                 stuff = pat[i:j].replace(b'\\', b'\\\\')
                 i = j + 1
                 if stuff[0:1] == b'!':
                     stuff = b'^' + stuff[1:]
                 elif stuff[0:1] == b'^':
                     stuff = b'\\' + stuff
                 res = b'%s[%s]' % (res, stuff)
         elif c == b'{':
             group += 1
             res += b'(?:'
         elif c == b'}' and group:
             res += b')'
             group -= 1
         elif c == b',' and group:
             res += b'|'
         elif c == b'\\':
             p = peek()
             if p:
                 i += 1
                 res += escape(p, p)
             else:
                 res += escape(c, c)
         else:
             res += escape(c, c)
     return res
 
 
 FLAG_RE = util.re.compile(br'^\(\?([aiLmsux]+)\)(.*)')
 
 
 def _regex(kind, pat, globsuffix):
     """Convert a (normalized) pattern of any kind into a
     regular expression.
     globsuffix is appended to the regexp of globs."""
     if not pat and kind in (b'glob', b'relpath'):
         return b''
     if kind == b're':
         return pat
     if kind in (b'path', b'relpath'):
         if pat == b'.':
             return b''
         return util.stringutil.reescape(pat) + b'(?:/|$)'
     if kind == b'rootfilesin':
         if pat == b'.':
             escaped = b''
         else:
             # Pattern is a directory name.
             escaped = util.stringutil.reescape(pat) + b'/'
         # Anything after the pattern must be a non-directory.
         return escaped + b'[^/]+$'
     if kind == b'relglob':
         globre = _globre(pat)
         if globre.startswith(b'[^/]*'):
             # When pat has the form *XYZ (common), make the returned regex more
             # legible by returning the regex for **XYZ instead of **/*XYZ.
             return b'.*' + globre[len(b'[^/]*') :] + globsuffix
         return b'(?:|.*/)' + globre + globsuffix
     if kind == b'relre':
         flag = None
         m = FLAG_RE.match(pat)
         if m:
             flag, pat = m.groups()
         if not pat.startswith(b'^'):
             pat = b'.*' + pat
         if flag is not None:
             pat = br'(?%s:%s)' % (flag, pat)
         return pat
     if kind in (b'glob', b'rootglob'):
         return _globre(pat) + globsuffix
     raise error.ProgrammingError(b'not a regex pattern: %s:%s' % (kind, pat))
 
 
 def _buildmatch(kindpats, globsuffix, root):
     """Return regexp string and a matcher function for kindpats.
     globsuffix is appended to the regexp of globs."""
     matchfuncs = []
 
     subincludes, kindpats = _expandsubinclude(kindpats, root)
     if subincludes:
         submatchers = {}
 
         def matchsubinclude(f):
             for prefix, matcherargs in subincludes:
                 if f.startswith(prefix):
                     mf = submatchers.get(prefix)
                     if mf is None:
                         mf = match(*matcherargs)
                         submatchers[prefix] = mf
 
                     if mf(f[len(prefix) :]):
                         return True
             return False
 
         matchfuncs.append(matchsubinclude)
 
     regex = b''
     if kindpats:
         if all(k == b'rootfilesin' for k, p, s in kindpats):
             dirs = {p for k, p, s in kindpats}
 
             def mf(f):
                 i = f.rfind(b'/')
                 if i >= 0:
                     dir = f[:i]
                 else:
                     dir = b'.'
                 return dir in dirs
 
             regex = b'rootfilesin: %s' % stringutil.pprint(list(sorted(dirs)))
             matchfuncs.append(mf)
         else:
             regex, mf = _buildregexmatch(kindpats, globsuffix)
             matchfuncs.append(mf)
 
     if len(matchfuncs) == 1:
         return regex, matchfuncs[0]
     else:
         return regex, lambda f: any(mf(f) for mf in matchfuncs)
 
 
 MAX_RE_SIZE = 20000
 
 
 def _joinregexes(regexps):
     """gather multiple regular expressions into a single one"""
     return b'|'.join(regexps)
 
 
 def _buildregexmatch(kindpats, globsuffix):
     """Build a match function from a list of kinds and kindpats,
     return regexp string and a matcher function.
 
     Test too large input
     >>> _buildregexmatch([
     ...     (b'relglob', b'?' * MAX_RE_SIZE, b'')
     ... ], b'$')
     Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
     Abort: matcher pattern is too long (20009 bytes)
     """
     try:
         allgroups = []
         regexps = [_regex(k, p, globsuffix) for (k, p, s) in kindpats]
         fullregexp = _joinregexes(regexps)
 
         startidx = 0
         groupsize = 0
         for idx, r in enumerate(regexps):
             piecesize = len(r)
             if piecesize > MAX_RE_SIZE:
                 msg = _(b"matcher pattern is too long (%d bytes)") % piecesize
                 raise error.Abort(msg)
             elif (groupsize + piecesize) > MAX_RE_SIZE:
                 group = regexps[startidx:idx]
                 allgroups.append(_joinregexes(group))
                 startidx = idx
                 groupsize = 0
             groupsize += piecesize + 1
 
         if startidx == 0:
             matcher = _rematcher(fullregexp)
             func = lambda s: bool(matcher(s))
         else:
             group = regexps[startidx:]
             allgroups.append(_joinregexes(group))
             allmatchers = [_rematcher(g) for g in allgroups]
             func = lambda s: any(m(s) for m in allmatchers)
         return fullregexp, func
     except re.error:
         for k, p, s in kindpats:
             try:
                 _rematcher(_regex(k, p, globsuffix))
             except re.error:
                 if s:
                     raise error.Abort(
                         _(b"%s: invalid pattern (%s): %s") % (s, k, p)
                     )
                 else:
                     raise error.Abort(_(b"invalid pattern (%s): %s") % (k, p))
         raise error.Abort(_(b"invalid pattern"))
 
 
 def _patternrootsanddirs(kindpats):
     """Returns roots and directories corresponding to each pattern.
 
     This calculates the roots and directories exactly matching the patterns and
     returns a tuple of (roots, dirs) for each. It does not return other
     directories which may also need to be considered, like the parent
     directories.
     """
     r = []
     d = []
     for kind, pat, source in kindpats:
         if kind in (b'glob', b'rootglob'):  # find the non-glob prefix
             root = []
             for p in pat.split(b'/'):
                 if b'[' in p or b'{' in p or b'*' in p or b'?' in p:
                     break
                 root.append(p)
             r.append(b'/'.join(root))
         elif kind in (b'relpath', b'path'):
             if pat == b'.':
                 pat = b''
             r.append(pat)
         elif kind in (b'rootfilesin',):
             if pat == b'.':
                 pat = b''
             d.append(pat)
         else:  # relglob, re, relre
             r.append(b'')
     return r, d
 
 
 def _roots(kindpats):
     '''Returns root directories to match recursively from the given patterns.'''
     roots, dirs = _patternrootsanddirs(kindpats)
     return roots
 
 
 def _rootsdirsandparents(kindpats):
     """Returns roots and exact directories from patterns.
 
     `roots` are directories to match recursively, `dirs` should
     be matched non-recursively, and `parents` are the implicitly required
     directories to walk to items in either roots or dirs.
 
     Returns a tuple of (roots, dirs, parents).
 
     >>> r = _rootsdirsandparents(
     ...     [(b'glob', b'g/h/*', b''), (b'glob', b'g/h', b''),
     ...      (b'glob', b'g*', b'')])
     >>> print(r[0:2], sorted(r[2])) # the set has an unstable output
     (['g/h', 'g/h', ''], []) ['', 'g']
     >>> r = _rootsdirsandparents(
     ...     [(b'rootfilesin', b'g/h', b''), (b'rootfilesin', b'', b'')])
     >>> print(r[0:2], sorted(r[2])) # the set has an unstable output
     ([], ['g/h', '']) ['', 'g']
     >>> r = _rootsdirsandparents(
     ...     [(b'relpath', b'r', b''), (b'path', b'p/p', b''),
     ...      (b'path', b'', b'')])
     >>> print(r[0:2], sorted(r[2])) # the set has an unstable output
     (['r', 'p/p', ''], []) ['', 'p']
     >>> r = _rootsdirsandparents(
     ...     [(b'relglob', b'rg*', b''), (b're', b're/', b''),
     ...      (b'relre', b'rr', b'')])
     >>> print(r[0:2], sorted(r[2])) # the set has an unstable output
     (['', '', ''], []) ['']
     """
     r, d = _patternrootsanddirs(kindpats)
 
     p = set()
     # Add the parents as non-recursive/exact directories, since they must be
     # scanned to get to either the roots or the other exact directories.
     p.update(pathutil.dirs(d))
     p.update(pathutil.dirs(r))
 
     # FIXME: all uses of this function convert these to sets, do so before
     # returning.
     # FIXME: all uses of this function do not need anything in 'roots' and
     # 'dirs' to also be in 'parents', consider removing them before returning.
     return r, d, p
 
 
 def _explicitfiles(kindpats):
     """Returns the potential explicit filenames from the patterns.
 
     >>> _explicitfiles([(b'path', b'foo/bar', b'')])
     ['foo/bar']
     >>> _explicitfiles([(b'rootfilesin', b'foo/bar', b'')])
     []
     """
     # Keep only the pattern kinds where one can specify filenames (vs only
     # directory names).
     filable = [kp for kp in kindpats if kp[0] not in (b'rootfilesin',)]
     return _roots(filable)
 
 
 def _prefix(kindpats):
     '''Whether all the patterns match a prefix (i.e. recursively)'''
     for kind, pat, source in kindpats:
         if kind not in (b'path', b'relpath'):
             return False
     return True
 
 
 _commentre = None
 
 
 def readpatternfile(filepath, warn, sourceinfo=False):
     """parse a pattern file, returning a list of
     patterns. These patterns should be given to compile()
     to be validated and converted into a match function.
 
     trailing white space is dropped.
     the escape character is backslash.
     comments start with #.
     empty lines are skipped.
 
     lines can be of the following formats:
 
     syntax: regexp # defaults following lines to non-rooted regexps
     syntax: glob   # defaults following lines to non-rooted globs
     re:pattern     # non-rooted regular expression
     glob:pattern   # non-rooted glob
     rootglob:pat   # rooted glob (same root as ^ in regexps)
     pattern        # pattern of the current default type
 
     if sourceinfo is set, returns a list of tuples:
     (pattern, lineno, originalline).
     This is useful to debug ignore patterns.
     """
 
     syntaxes = {
         b're': b'relre:',
         b'regexp': b'relre:',
         b'glob': b'relglob:',
         b'rootglob': b'rootglob:',
         b'include': b'include',
         b'subinclude': b'subinclude',
     }
     syntax = b'relre:'
     patterns = []
 
     fp = open(filepath, b'rb')
     for lineno, line in enumerate(fp, start=1):
         if b"#" in line:
             global _commentre
             if not _commentre:
                 _commentre = util.re.compile(br'((?:^|[^\\])(?:\\\\)*)#.*')
             # remove comments prefixed by an even number of escapes
             m = _commentre.search(line)
             if m:
                 line = line[: m.end(1)]
             # fixup properly escaped comments that survived the above
             line = line.replace(b"\\#", b"#")
         line = line.rstrip()
         if not line:
             continue
 
         if line.startswith(b'syntax:'):
             s = line[7:].strip()
             try:
                 syntax = syntaxes[s]
             except KeyError:
                 if warn:
                     warn(
                         _(b"%s: ignoring invalid syntax '%s'\n") % (filepath, s)
                     )
             continue
 
         linesyntax = syntax
         for s, rels in syntaxes.items():
             if line.startswith(rels):
                 linesyntax = rels
                 line = line[len(rels) :]
                 break
             elif line.startswith(s + b':'):
                 linesyntax = rels
                 line = line[len(s) + 1 :]
                 break
         if sourceinfo:
             patterns.append((linesyntax + line, lineno, line))
         else:
             patterns.append(linesyntax + line)
     fp.close()
     return patterns