revlog: use an LRU cache for delta chain bases

Profiling using statprof revealed a hotspot during changegroup
application calculating delta chain bases on generaldelta repos.
Essentially, revlog._addrevision() was performing a lot of redundant
work tracing the delta chain as part of determining when the chain
distance was acceptable. This was most pronounced when adding
revisions to manifests, which can have delta chains thousands of
revisions long.

There was a delta chain base cache on revlogs before, but it only
captured a single revision. This was acceptable before generaldelta,
when _addrevision would build deltas from the previous revision and
thus we'd pretty much guarantee a cache hit when resolving the delta
chain base on a subsequent _addrevision call. However, it isn't
suitable for generaldelta because parent revisions aren't necessarily
the last processed revision.

This patch converts the delta chain base cache to an LRU dict cache.
The cache can hold multiple entries, so generaldelta repos have a
higher chance of getting a cache hit.

The impact of this change when processing changegroup additions is
significant. On a generaldelta conversion of the "mozilla-unified"
repo (which contains heads of the main Firefox repositories in
chronological order - this means there are lots of transitions between
heads in revlog order), this change has the following impact when
performing an `hg unbundle` of an uncompressed bundle of the repo:

before: 5:42 CPU time
after:  4:34 CPU time

Most of this time is saved when applying the changelog and manifest
revlogs:

before: 2:30 CPU time
after:  1:17 CPU time

That nearly a 50% reduction in CPU time applying changesets and
manifests!

Applying a gzipped bundle of the same repo (effectively simulating a
`hg clone` over HTTP) showed a similar speedup:

before: 5:53 CPU time
after:  4:46 CPU time

Wall time improvements were basically the same as CPU time.

I didn't measure explicitly, but it feels like most of the time
is saved when processing manifests. This makes sense, as large
manifests tend to have very long delta chains and thus benefit the
most from this cache.

So, this change effectively makes changegroup application (which is
used by `hg unbundle`, `hg clone`, `hg pull`, `hg unshelve`, and
various other commands) significantly faster when delta chains are
long (which can happen on repos with large numbers of files and thus
large manifests).

In theory, this change can result in more memory utilization. However,
we're caching a dict of ints. At most we have 200 ints + Python object
overhead per revlog. And, the cache is really only populated when
performing read-heavy operations, such as adding changegroups or
scanning an individual revlog. For memory bloat to be an issue, we'd
need to scan/read several revisions from several revlogs all while
having active references to several revlogs. I don't think there are
many operations that do this, so I don't think memory bloat from the
cache will be an issue.

mercurial/revlog.py

@@ -225,9 +225,8 class revlog(object):
         self.opener = opener
         # 3-tuple of (node, rev, text) for a raw revision.
         self._cache = None
-        # 2-tuple of (rev, baserev) defining the base revision the delta chain
-        # begins at for a revision.
-        self._basecache = None
+        # Maps rev to chain base rev.
+        self._chainbasecache = util.lrucachedict(100)
         # 2-tuple of (offset, data) of raw data from the revlog at an offset.
         self._chunkcache = (0, '')
         # How much data to read and cache into the raw revlog data cache.
@@ -340,7 +339,7 class revlog(object):
 
     def clearcaches(self):
         self._cache = None
-        self._basecache = None
+        self._chainbasecache.clear()
         self._chunkcache = (0, '')
         self._pcache = {}
 
@@ -390,11 +389,17 class revlog(object):
     def length(self, rev):
         return self.index[rev][1]
     def chainbase(self, rev):
+        base = self._chainbasecache.get(rev)
+        if base is not None:
+            return base
+
         index = self.index
         base = index[rev][3]
         while base != rev:
             rev = base
             base = index[rev][3]
+
+        self._chainbasecache[rev] = base
         return base
     def chainlen(self, rev):
         return self._chaininfo(rev)[0]
@@ -1430,9 +1435,6 class revlog(object):
                     delta = mdiff.textdiff(ptext, t)
             data = self.compress(delta)
             l = len(data[1]) + len(data[0])
-            if basecache[0] == rev:
-                chainbase = basecache[1]
-            else:
                 chainbase = self.chainbase(rev)
             dist = l + offset - self.start(chainbase)
             if self._generaldelta:
@@ -1448,9 +1450,6 class revlog(object):
         prev = curr - 1
         offset = self.end(prev)
         delta = None
-        if self._basecache is None:
-            self._basecache = (prev, self.chainbase(prev))
-        basecache = self._basecache
         p1r, p2r = self.rev(p1), self.rev(p2)
 
         # full versions are inserted when the needed deltas
@@ -1514,7 +1513,7 class revlog(object):
 
         if type(text) == str: # only accept immutable objects
             self._cache = (node, curr, text)
-        self._basecache = (curr, chainbase)
+        self._chainbasecache[curr] = chainbase
         return node
 
     def _writeentry(self, transaction, ifh, dfh, entry, data, link, offset):