dirstate: add prefix and suffix arguments to backup

This would allow the code explicitly copying dirstate to use this method instead.
Use of this method will increase encapsulation (the dirstate class will be sole
owner of its on-disk storage).

mercurial/dirstate.py

@@ -1,1244 +1,1245 b''
 # dirstate.py - working directory tracking for mercurial
 #
 # Copyright 2005-2007 Matt Mackall <[e-mail]>
 #
 # This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
 # GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 
 import collections
 import errno
 import os
 import stat
 
 from .i18n import _
 from .node import nullid
 from . import (
     encoding,
     error,
     match as matchmod,
     osutil,
     parsers,
     pathutil,
     scmutil,
     util,
 )
 
 propertycache = util.propertycache
 filecache = scmutil.filecache
 _rangemask = 0x7fffffff
 
 dirstatetuple = parsers.dirstatetuple
 
 class repocache(filecache):
     """filecache for files in .hg/"""
     def join(self, obj, fname):
         return obj._opener.join(fname)
 
 class rootcache(filecache):
     """filecache for files in the repository root"""
     def join(self, obj, fname):
         return obj._join(fname)
 
 def _getfsnow(vfs):
     '''Get "now" timestamp on filesystem'''
     tmpfd, tmpname = vfs.mkstemp()
     try:
         return os.fstat(tmpfd).st_mtime
     finally:
         os.close(tmpfd)
         vfs.unlink(tmpname)
 
 def nonnormalentries(dmap):
     '''Compute the nonnormal dirstate entries from the dmap'''
     try:
         return parsers.nonnormalentries(dmap)
     except AttributeError:
         return set(fname for fname, e in dmap.iteritems()
                    if e[0] != 'n' or e[3] == -1)
 
 def _trypending(root, vfs, filename):
     '''Open  file to be read according to HG_PENDING environment variable
 
     This opens '.pending' of specified 'filename' only when HG_PENDING
     is equal to 'root'.
 
     This returns '(fp, is_pending_opened)' tuple.
     '''
     if root == os.environ.get('HG_PENDING'):
         try:
             return (vfs('%s.pending' % filename), True)
         except IOError as inst:
             if inst.errno != errno.ENOENT:
                 raise
     return (vfs(filename), False)
 
 _token = object()
 
 class dirstate(object):
 
     def __init__(self, opener, ui, root, validate):
         '''Create a new dirstate object.
 
         opener is an open()-like callable that can be used to open the
         dirstate file; root is the root of the directory tracked by
         the dirstate.
         '''
         self._opener = opener
         self._validate = validate
         self._root = root
         # ntpath.join(root, '') of Python 2.7.9 does not add sep if root is
         # UNC path pointing to root share (issue4557)
         self._rootdir = pathutil.normasprefix(root)
         # internal config: ui.forcecwd
         forcecwd = ui.config('ui', 'forcecwd')
         if forcecwd:
             self._cwd = forcecwd
         self._dirty = False
         self._dirtypl = False
         self._lastnormaltime = 0
         self._ui = ui
         self._filecache = {}
         self._parentwriters = 0
         self._filename = 'dirstate'
         self._pendingfilename = '%s.pending' % self._filename
 
         # for consistent view between _pl() and _read() invocations
         self._pendingmode = None
 
     def beginparentchange(self):
         '''Marks the beginning of a set of changes that involve changing
         the dirstate parents. If there is an exception during this time,
         the dirstate will not be written when the wlock is released. This
         prevents writing an incoherent dirstate where the parent doesn't
         match the contents.
         '''
         self._parentwriters += 1
 
     def endparentchange(self):
         '''Marks the end of a set of changes that involve changing the
         dirstate parents. Once all parent changes have been marked done,
         the wlock will be free to write the dirstate on release.
         '''
         if self._parentwriters > 0:
             self._parentwriters -= 1
 
     def pendingparentchange(self):
         '''Returns true if the dirstate is in the middle of a set of changes
         that modify the dirstate parent.
         '''
         return self._parentwriters > 0
 
     @propertycache
     def _map(self):
         '''Return the dirstate contents as a map from filename to
         (state, mode, size, time).'''
         self._read()
         return self._map
 
     @propertycache
     def _copymap(self):
         self._read()
         return self._copymap
 
     @propertycache
     def _nonnormalset(self):
         return nonnormalentries(self._map)
 
     @propertycache
     def _filefoldmap(self):
         try:
             makefilefoldmap = parsers.make_file_foldmap
         except AttributeError:
             pass
         else:
             return makefilefoldmap(self._map, util.normcasespec,
                                    util.normcasefallback)
 
         f = {}
         normcase = util.normcase
         for name, s in self._map.iteritems():
             if s[0] != 'r':
                 f[normcase(name)] = name
         f['.'] = '.' # prevents useless util.fspath() invocation
         return f
 
     @propertycache
     def _dirfoldmap(self):
         f = {}
         normcase = util.normcase
         for name in self._dirs:
             f[normcase(name)] = name
         return f
 
     @repocache('branch')
     def _branch(self):
         try:
             return self._opener.read("branch").strip() or "default"
         except IOError as inst:
             if inst.errno != errno.ENOENT:
                 raise
             return "default"
 
     @propertycache
     def _pl(self):
         try:
             fp = self._opendirstatefile()
             st = fp.read(40)
             fp.close()
             l = len(st)
             if l == 40:
                 return st[:20], st[20:40]
             elif l > 0 and l < 40:
                 raise error.Abort(_('working directory state appears damaged!'))
         except IOError as err:
             if err.errno != errno.ENOENT:
                 raise
         return [nullid, nullid]
 
     @propertycache
     def _dirs(self):
         return util.dirs(self._map, 'r')
 
     def dirs(self):
         return self._dirs
 
     @rootcache('.hgignore')
     def _ignore(self):
         files = self._ignorefiles()
         if not files:
             return util.never
 
         pats = ['include:%s' % f for f in files]
         return matchmod.match(self._root, '', [], pats, warn=self._ui.warn)
 
     @propertycache
     def _slash(self):
         return self._ui.configbool('ui', 'slash') and os.sep != '/'
 
     @propertycache
     def _checklink(self):
         return util.checklink(self._root)
 
     @propertycache
     def _checkexec(self):
         return util.checkexec(self._root)
 
     @propertycache
     def _checkcase(self):
         return not util.checkcase(self._join('.hg'))
 
     def _join(self, f):
         # much faster than os.path.join()
         # it's safe because f is always a relative path
         return self._rootdir + f
 
     def flagfunc(self, buildfallback):
         if self._checklink and self._checkexec:
             def f(x):
                 try:
                     st = os.lstat(self._join(x))
                     if util.statislink(st):
                         return 'l'
                     if util.statisexec(st):
                         return 'x'
                 except OSError:
                     pass
                 return ''
             return f
 
         fallback = buildfallback()
         if self._checklink:
             def f(x):
                 if os.path.islink(self._join(x)):
                     return 'l'
                 if 'x' in fallback(x):
                     return 'x'
                 return ''
             return f
         if self._checkexec:
             def f(x):
                 if 'l' in fallback(x):
                     return 'l'
                 if util.isexec(self._join(x)):
                     return 'x'
                 return ''
             return f
         else:
             return fallback
 
     @propertycache
     def _cwd(self):
         return os.getcwd()
 
     def getcwd(self):
         '''Return the path from which a canonical path is calculated.
 
         This path should be used to resolve file patterns or to convert
         canonical paths back to file paths for display. It shouldn't be
         used to get real file paths. Use vfs functions instead.
         '''
         cwd = self._cwd
         if cwd == self._root:
             return ''
         # self._root ends with a path separator if self._root is '/' or 'C:\'
         rootsep = self._root
         if not util.endswithsep(rootsep):
             rootsep += os.sep
         if cwd.startswith(rootsep):
             return cwd[len(rootsep):]
         else:
             # we're outside the repo. return an absolute path.
             return cwd
 
     def pathto(self, f, cwd=None):
         if cwd is None:
             cwd = self.getcwd()
         path = util.pathto(self._root, cwd, f)
         if self._slash:
             return util.pconvert(path)
         return path
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         '''Return the current state of key (a filename) in the dirstate.
 
         States are:
           n  normal
           m  needs merging
           r  marked for removal
           a  marked for addition
           ?  not tracked
         '''
         return self._map.get(key, ("?",))[0]
 
     def __contains__(self, key):
         return key in self._map
 
     def __iter__(self):
         for x in sorted(self._map):
             yield x
 
     def iteritems(self):
         return self._map.iteritems()
 
     def parents(self):
         return [self._validate(p) for p in self._pl]
 
     def p1(self):
         return self._validate(self._pl[0])
 
     def p2(self):
         return self._validate(self._pl[1])
 
     def branch(self):
         return encoding.tolocal(self._branch)
 
     def setparents(self, p1, p2=nullid):
         """Set dirstate parents to p1 and p2.
 
         When moving from two parents to one, 'm' merged entries a
         adjusted to normal and previous copy records discarded and
         returned by the call.
 
         See localrepo.setparents()
         """
         if self._parentwriters == 0:
             raise ValueError("cannot set dirstate parent without "
                              "calling dirstate.beginparentchange")
 
         self._dirty = self._dirtypl = True
         oldp2 = self._pl[1]
         self._pl = p1, p2
         copies = {}
         if oldp2 != nullid and p2 == nullid:
             for f, s in self._map.iteritems():
                 # Discard 'm' markers when moving away from a merge state
                 if s[0] == 'm':
                     if f in self._copymap:
                         copies[f] = self._copymap[f]
                     self.normallookup(f)
                 # Also fix up otherparent markers
                 elif s[0] == 'n' and s[2] == -2:
                     if f in self._copymap:
                         copies[f] = self._copymap[f]
                     self.add(f)
         return copies
 
     def setbranch(self, branch):
         self._branch = encoding.fromlocal(branch)
         f = self._opener('branch', 'w', atomictemp=True)
         try:
             f.write(self._branch + '\n')
             f.close()
 
             # make sure filecache has the correct stat info for _branch after
             # replacing the underlying file
             ce = self._filecache['_branch']
             if ce:
                 ce.refresh()
         except: # re-raises
             f.discard()
             raise
 
     def _opendirstatefile(self):
         fp, mode = _trypending(self._root, self._opener, self._filename)
         if self._pendingmode is not None and self._pendingmode != mode:
             fp.close()
             raise error.Abort(_('working directory state may be '
                                 'changed parallelly'))
         self._pendingmode = mode
         return fp
 
     def _read(self):
         self._map = {}
         self._copymap = {}
         try:
             fp = self._opendirstatefile()
             try:
                 st = fp.read()
             finally:
                 fp.close()
         except IOError as err:
             if err.errno != errno.ENOENT:
                 raise
             return
         if not st:
             return
 
         if util.safehasattr(parsers, 'dict_new_presized'):
             # Make an estimate of the number of files in the dirstate based on
             # its size. From a linear regression on a set of real-world repos,
             # all over 10,000 files, the size of a dirstate entry is 85
             # bytes. The cost of resizing is significantly higher than the cost
             # of filling in a larger presized dict, so subtract 20% from the
             # size.
             #
             # This heuristic is imperfect in many ways, so in a future dirstate
             # format update it makes sense to just record the number of entries
             # on write.
             self._map = parsers.dict_new_presized(len(st) / 71)
 
         # Python's garbage collector triggers a GC each time a certain number
         # of container objects (the number being defined by
         # gc.get_threshold()) are allocated. parse_dirstate creates a tuple
         # for each file in the dirstate. The C version then immediately marks
         # them as not to be tracked by the collector. However, this has no
         # effect on when GCs are triggered, only on what objects the GC looks
         # into. This means that O(number of files) GCs are unavoidable.
         # Depending on when in the process's lifetime the dirstate is parsed,
         # this can get very expensive. As a workaround, disable GC while
         # parsing the dirstate.
         #
         # (we cannot decorate the function directly since it is in a C module)
         parse_dirstate = util.nogc(parsers.parse_dirstate)
         p = parse_dirstate(self._map, self._copymap, st)
         if not self._dirtypl:
             self._pl = p
 
     def invalidate(self):
         for a in ("_map", "_copymap", "_filefoldmap", "_dirfoldmap", "_branch",
                   "_pl", "_dirs", "_ignore", "_nonnormalset"):
             if a in self.__dict__:
                 delattr(self, a)
         self._lastnormaltime = 0
         self._dirty = False
         self._parentwriters = 0
 
     def copy(self, source, dest):
         """Mark dest as a copy of source. Unmark dest if source is None."""
         if source == dest:
             return
         self._dirty = True
         if source is not None:
             self._copymap[dest] = source
         elif dest in self._copymap:
             del self._copymap[dest]
 
     def copied(self, file):
         return self._copymap.get(file, None)
 
     def copies(self):
         return self._copymap
 
     def _droppath(self, f):
         if self[f] not in "?r" and "_dirs" in self.__dict__:
             self._dirs.delpath(f)
 
         if "_filefoldmap" in self.__dict__:
             normed = util.normcase(f)
             if normed in self._filefoldmap:
                 del self._filefoldmap[normed]
 
     def _addpath(self, f, state, mode, size, mtime):
         oldstate = self[f]
         if state == 'a' or oldstate == 'r':
             scmutil.checkfilename(f)
             if f in self._dirs:
                 raise error.Abort(_('directory %r already in dirstate') % f)
             # shadows
             for d in util.finddirs(f):
                 if d in self._dirs:
                     break
                 if d in self._map and self[d] != 'r':
                     raise error.Abort(
                         _('file %r in dirstate clashes with %r') % (d, f))
         if oldstate in "?r" and "_dirs" in self.__dict__:
             self._dirs.addpath(f)
         self._dirty = True
         self._map[f] = dirstatetuple(state, mode, size, mtime)
         if state != 'n' or mtime == -1:
             self._nonnormalset.add(f)
 
     def normal(self, f):
         '''Mark a file normal and clean.'''
         s = os.lstat(self._join(f))
         mtime = s.st_mtime
         self._addpath(f, 'n', s.st_mode,
                       s.st_size & _rangemask, mtime & _rangemask)
         if f in self._copymap:
             del self._copymap[f]
         if f in self._nonnormalset:
             self._nonnormalset.remove(f)
         if mtime > self._lastnormaltime:
             # Remember the most recent modification timeslot for status(),
             # to make sure we won't miss future size-preserving file content
             # modifications that happen within the same timeslot.
             self._lastnormaltime = mtime
 
     def normallookup(self, f):
         '''Mark a file normal, but possibly dirty.'''
         if self._pl[1] != nullid and f in self._map:
             # if there is a merge going on and the file was either
             # in state 'm' (-1) or coming from other parent (-2) before
             # being removed, restore that state.
             entry = self._map[f]
             if entry[0] == 'r' and entry[2] in (-1, -2):
                 source = self._copymap.get(f)
                 if entry[2] == -1:
                     self.merge(f)
                 elif entry[2] == -2:
                     self.otherparent(f)
                 if source:
                     self.copy(source, f)
                 return
             if entry[0] == 'm' or entry[0] == 'n' and entry[2] == -2:
                 return
         self._addpath(f, 'n', 0, -1, -1)
         if f in self._copymap:
             del self._copymap[f]
         if f in self._nonnormalset:
             self._nonnormalset.remove(f)
 
     def otherparent(self, f):
         '''Mark as coming from the other parent, always dirty.'''
         if self._pl[1] == nullid:
             raise error.Abort(_("setting %r to other parent "
                                "only allowed in merges") % f)
         if f in self and self[f] == 'n':
             # merge-like
             self._addpath(f, 'm', 0, -2, -1)
         else:
             # add-like
             self._addpath(f, 'n', 0, -2, -1)
 
         if f in self._copymap:
             del self._copymap[f]
 
     def add(self, f):
         '''Mark a file added.'''
         self._addpath(f, 'a', 0, -1, -1)
         if f in self._copymap:
             del self._copymap[f]
 
     def remove(self, f):
         '''Mark a file removed.'''
         self._dirty = True
         self._droppath(f)
         size = 0
         if self._pl[1] != nullid and f in self._map:
             # backup the previous state
             entry = self._map[f]
             if entry[0] == 'm': # merge
                 size = -1
             elif entry[0] == 'n' and entry[2] == -2: # other parent
                 size = -2
         self._map[f] = dirstatetuple('r', 0, size, 0)
         self._nonnormalset.add(f)
         if size == 0 and f in self._copymap:
             del self._copymap[f]
 
     def merge(self, f):
         '''Mark a file merged.'''
         if self._pl[1] == nullid:
             return self.normallookup(f)
         return self.otherparent(f)
 
     def drop(self, f):
         '''Drop a file from the dirstate'''
         if f in self._map:
             self._dirty = True
             self._droppath(f)
             del self._map[f]
             if f in self._nonnormalset:
                 self._nonnormalset.remove(f)
 
     def _discoverpath(self, path, normed, ignoremissing, exists, storemap):
         if exists is None:
             exists = os.path.lexists(os.path.join(self._root, path))
         if not exists:
             # Maybe a path component exists
             if not ignoremissing and '/' in path:
                 d, f = path.rsplit('/', 1)
                 d = self._normalize(d, False, ignoremissing, None)
                 folded = d + "/" + f
             else:
                 # No path components, preserve original case
                 folded = path
         else:
             # recursively normalize leading directory components
             # against dirstate
             if '/' in normed:
                 d, f = normed.rsplit('/', 1)
                 d = self._normalize(d, False, ignoremissing, True)
                 r = self._root + "/" + d
                 folded = d + "/" + util.fspath(f, r)
             else:
                 folded = util.fspath(normed, self._root)
             storemap[normed] = folded
 
         return folded
 
     def _normalizefile(self, path, isknown, ignoremissing=False, exists=None):
         normed = util.normcase(path)
         folded = self._filefoldmap.get(normed, None)
         if folded is None:
             if isknown:
                 folded = path
             else:
                 folded = self._discoverpath(path, normed, ignoremissing, exists,
                                             self._filefoldmap)
         return folded
 
     def _normalize(self, path, isknown, ignoremissing=False, exists=None):
         normed = util.normcase(path)
         folded = self._filefoldmap.get(normed, None)
         if folded is None:
             folded = self._dirfoldmap.get(normed, None)
         if folded is None:
             if isknown:
                 folded = path
             else:
                 # store discovered result in dirfoldmap so that future
                 # normalizefile calls don't start matching directories
                 folded = self._discoverpath(path, normed, ignoremissing, exists,
                                             self._dirfoldmap)
         return folded
 
     def normalize(self, path, isknown=False, ignoremissing=False):
         '''
         normalize the case of a pathname when on a casefolding filesystem
 
         isknown specifies whether the filename came from walking the
         disk, to avoid extra filesystem access.
 
         If ignoremissing is True, missing path are returned
         unchanged. Otherwise, we try harder to normalize possibly
         existing path components.
 
         The normalized case is determined based on the following precedence:
 
         - version of name already stored in the dirstate
         - version of name stored on disk
         - version provided via command arguments
         '''
 
         if self._checkcase:
             return self._normalize(path, isknown, ignoremissing)
         return path
 
     def clear(self):
         self._map = {}
         self._nonnormalset = set()
         if "_dirs" in self.__dict__:
             delattr(self, "_dirs")
         self._copymap = {}
         self._pl = [nullid, nullid]
         self._lastnormaltime = 0
         self._dirty = True
 
     def rebuild(self, parent, allfiles, changedfiles=None):
         if changedfiles is None:
             # Rebuild entire dirstate
             changedfiles = allfiles
             lastnormaltime = self._lastnormaltime
             self.clear()
             self._lastnormaltime = lastnormaltime
 
         for f in changedfiles:
             mode = 0o666
             if f in allfiles and 'x' in allfiles.flags(f):
                 mode = 0o777
 
             if f in allfiles:
                 self._map[f] = dirstatetuple('n', mode, -1, 0)
             else:
                 self._map.pop(f, None)
                 if f in self._nonnormalset:
                     self._nonnormalset.remove(f)
 
         self._pl = (parent, nullid)
         self._dirty = True
 
     def write(self, tr=_token):
         if not self._dirty:
             return
 
         filename = self._filename
         if tr is _token: # not explicitly specified
             self._ui.deprecwarn('use dirstate.write with '
                                'repo.currenttransaction()',
                                '3.9')
 
             if self._opener.lexists(self._pendingfilename):
                 # if pending file already exists, in-memory changes
                 # should be written into it, because it has priority
                 # to '.hg/dirstate' at reading under HG_PENDING mode
                 filename = self._pendingfilename
         elif tr:
             # 'dirstate.write()' is not only for writing in-memory
             # changes out, but also for dropping ambiguous timestamp.
             # delayed writing re-raise "ambiguous timestamp issue".
             # See also the wiki page below for detail:
             # https://www.mercurial-scm.org/wiki/DirstateTransactionPlan
 
             # emulate dropping timestamp in 'parsers.pack_dirstate'
             now = _getfsnow(self._opener)
             dmap = self._map
             for f, e in dmap.iteritems():
                 if e[0] == 'n' and e[3] == now:
                     dmap[f] = dirstatetuple(e[0], e[1], e[2], -1)
                     self._nonnormalset.add(f)
 
             # emulate that all 'dirstate.normal' results are written out
             self._lastnormaltime = 0
 
             # delay writing in-memory changes out
             tr.addfilegenerator('dirstate', (self._filename,),
                                 self._writedirstate, location='plain')
             return
 
         st = self._opener(filename, "w", atomictemp=True)
         self._writedirstate(st)
 
     def _writedirstate(self, st):
         # use the modification time of the newly created temporary file as the
         # filesystem's notion of 'now'
         now = util.fstat(st).st_mtime & _rangemask
 
         # enough 'delaywrite' prevents 'pack_dirstate' from dropping
         # timestamp of each entries in dirstate, because of 'now > mtime'
         delaywrite = self._ui.configint('debug', 'dirstate.delaywrite', 0)
         if delaywrite > 0:
             # do we have any files to delay for?
             for f, e in self._map.iteritems():
                 if e[0] == 'n' and e[3] == now:
                     import time # to avoid useless import
                     # rather than sleep n seconds, sleep until the next
                     # multiple of n seconds
                     clock = time.time()
                     start = int(clock) - (int(clock) % delaywrite)
                     end = start + delaywrite
                     time.sleep(end - clock)
                     break
 
         st.write(parsers.pack_dirstate(self._map, self._copymap, self._pl, now))
         self._nonnormalset = nonnormalentries(self._map)
         st.close()
         self._lastnormaltime = 0
         self._dirty = self._dirtypl = False
 
     def _dirignore(self, f):
         if f == '.':
             return False
         if self._ignore(f):
             return True
         for p in util.finddirs(f):
             if self._ignore(p):
                 return True
         return False
 
     def _ignorefiles(self):
         files = []
         if os.path.exists(self._join('.hgignore')):
             files.append(self._join('.hgignore'))
         for name, path in self._ui.configitems("ui"):
             if name == 'ignore' or name.startswith('ignore.'):
                 # we need to use os.path.join here rather than self._join
                 # because path is arbitrary and user-specified
                 files.append(os.path.join(self._rootdir, util.expandpath(path)))
         return files
 
     def _ignorefileandline(self, f):
         files = collections.deque(self._ignorefiles())
         visited = set()
         while files:
             i = files.popleft()
             patterns = matchmod.readpatternfile(i, self._ui.warn,
                                                 sourceinfo=True)
             for pattern, lineno, line in patterns:
                 kind, p = matchmod._patsplit(pattern, 'glob')
                 if kind == "subinclude":
                     if p not in visited:
                         files.append(p)
                     continue
                 m = matchmod.match(self._root, '', [], [pattern],
                                    warn=self._ui.warn)
                 if m(f):
                     return (i, lineno, line)
             visited.add(i)
         return (None, -1, "")
 
     def _walkexplicit(self, match, subrepos):
         '''Get stat data about the files explicitly specified by match.
 
         Return a triple (results, dirsfound, dirsnotfound).
         - results is a mapping from filename to stat result. It also contains
           listings mapping subrepos and .hg to None.
         - dirsfound is a list of files found to be directories.
         - dirsnotfound is a list of files that the dirstate thinks are
           directories and that were not found.'''
 
         def badtype(mode):
             kind = _('unknown')
             if stat.S_ISCHR(mode):
                 kind = _('character device')
             elif stat.S_ISBLK(mode):
                 kind = _('block device')
             elif stat.S_ISFIFO(mode):
                 kind = _('fifo')
             elif stat.S_ISSOCK(mode):
                 kind = _('socket')
             elif stat.S_ISDIR(mode):
                 kind = _('directory')
             return _('unsupported file type (type is %s)') % kind
 
         matchedir = match.explicitdir
         badfn = match.bad
         dmap = self._map
         lstat = os.lstat
         getkind = stat.S_IFMT
         dirkind = stat.S_IFDIR
         regkind = stat.S_IFREG
         lnkkind = stat.S_IFLNK
         join = self._join
         dirsfound = []
         foundadd = dirsfound.append
         dirsnotfound = []
         notfoundadd = dirsnotfound.append
 
         if not match.isexact() and self._checkcase:
             normalize = self._normalize
         else:
             normalize = None
 
         files = sorted(match.files())
         subrepos.sort()
         i, j = 0, 0
         while i < len(files) and j < len(subrepos):
             subpath = subrepos[j] + "/"
             if files[i] < subpath:
                 i += 1
                 continue
             while i < len(files) and files[i].startswith(subpath):
                 del files[i]
             j += 1
 
         if not files or '.' in files:
             files = ['.']
         results = dict.fromkeys(subrepos)
         results['.hg'] = None
 
         alldirs = None
         for ff in files:
             # constructing the foldmap is expensive, so don't do it for the
             # common case where files is ['.']
             if normalize and ff != '.':
                 nf = normalize(ff, False, True)
             else:
                 nf = ff
             if nf in results:
                 continue
 
             try:
                 st = lstat(join(nf))
                 kind = getkind(st.st_mode)
                 if kind == dirkind:
                     if nf in dmap:
                         # file replaced by dir on disk but still in dirstate
                         results[nf] = None
                     if matchedir:
                         matchedir(nf)
                     foundadd((nf, ff))
                 elif kind == regkind or kind == lnkkind:
                     results[nf] = st
                 else:
                     badfn(ff, badtype(kind))
                     if nf in dmap:
                         results[nf] = None
             except OSError as inst: # nf not found on disk - it is dirstate only
                 if nf in dmap: # does it exactly match a missing file?
                     results[nf] = None
                 else: # does it match a missing directory?
                     if alldirs is None:
                         alldirs = util.dirs(dmap)
                     if nf in alldirs:
                         if matchedir:
                             matchedir(nf)
                         notfoundadd(nf)
                     else:
                         badfn(ff, inst.strerror)
 
         # Case insensitive filesystems cannot rely on lstat() failing to detect
         # a case-only rename.  Prune the stat object for any file that does not
         # match the case in the filesystem, if there are multiple files that
         # normalize to the same path.
         if match.isexact() and self._checkcase:
             normed = {}
 
             for f, st in results.iteritems():
                 if st is None:
                     continue
 
                 nc = util.normcase(f)
                 paths = normed.get(nc)
 
                 if paths is None:
                     paths = set()
                     normed[nc] = paths
 
                 paths.add(f)
 
             for norm, paths in normed.iteritems():
                 if len(paths) > 1:
                     for path in paths:
                         folded = self._discoverpath(path, norm, True, None,
                                                     self._dirfoldmap)
                         if path != folded:
                             results[path] = None
 
         return results, dirsfound, dirsnotfound
 
     def walk(self, match, subrepos, unknown, ignored, full=True):
         '''
         Walk recursively through the directory tree, finding all files
         matched by match.
 
         If full is False, maybe skip some known-clean files.
 
         Return a dict mapping filename to stat-like object (either
         mercurial.osutil.stat instance or return value of os.stat()).
 
         '''
         # full is a flag that extensions that hook into walk can use -- this
         # implementation doesn't use it at all. This satisfies the contract
         # because we only guarantee a "maybe".
 
         if ignored:
             ignore = util.never
             dirignore = util.never
         elif unknown:
             ignore = self._ignore
             dirignore = self._dirignore
         else:
             # if not unknown and not ignored, drop dir recursion and step 2
             ignore = util.always
             dirignore = util.always
 
         matchfn = match.matchfn
         matchalways = match.always()
         matchtdir = match.traversedir
         dmap = self._map
         listdir = osutil.listdir
         lstat = os.lstat
         dirkind = stat.S_IFDIR
         regkind = stat.S_IFREG
         lnkkind = stat.S_IFLNK
         join = self._join
 
         exact = skipstep3 = False
         if match.isexact(): # match.exact
             exact = True
             dirignore = util.always # skip step 2
         elif match.prefix(): # match.match, no patterns
             skipstep3 = True
 
         if not exact and self._checkcase:
             normalize = self._normalize
             normalizefile = self._normalizefile
             skipstep3 = False
         else:
             normalize = self._normalize
             normalizefile = None
 
         # step 1: find all explicit files
         results, work, dirsnotfound = self._walkexplicit(match, subrepos)
 
         skipstep3 = skipstep3 and not (work or dirsnotfound)
         work = [d for d in work if not dirignore(d[0])]
 
         # step 2: visit subdirectories
         def traverse(work, alreadynormed):
             wadd = work.append
             while work:
                 nd = work.pop()
                 skip = None
                 if nd == '.':
                     nd = ''
                 else:
                     skip = '.hg'
                 try:
                     entries = listdir(join(nd), stat=True, skip=skip)
                 except OSError as inst:
                     if inst.errno in (errno.EACCES, errno.ENOENT):
                         match.bad(self.pathto(nd), inst.strerror)
                         continue
                     raise
                 for f, kind, st in entries:
                     if normalizefile:
                         # even though f might be a directory, we're only
                         # interested in comparing it to files currently in the
                         # dmap -- therefore normalizefile is enough
                         nf = normalizefile(nd and (nd + "/" + f) or f, True,
                                            True)
                     else:
                         nf = nd and (nd + "/" + f) or f
                     if nf not in results:
                         if kind == dirkind:
                             if not ignore(nf):
                                 if matchtdir:
                                     matchtdir(nf)
                                 wadd(nf)
                             if nf in dmap and (matchalways or matchfn(nf)):
                                 results[nf] = None
                         elif kind == regkind or kind == lnkkind:
                             if nf in dmap:
                                 if matchalways or matchfn(nf):
                                     results[nf] = st
                             elif ((matchalways or matchfn(nf))
                                   and not ignore(nf)):
                                 # unknown file -- normalize if necessary
                                 if not alreadynormed:
                                     nf = normalize(nf, False, True)
                                 results[nf] = st
                         elif nf in dmap and (matchalways or matchfn(nf)):
                             results[nf] = None
 
         for nd, d in work:
             # alreadynormed means that processwork doesn't have to do any
             # expensive directory normalization
             alreadynormed = not normalize or nd == d
             traverse([d], alreadynormed)
 
         for s in subrepos:
             del results[s]
         del results['.hg']
 
         # step 3: visit remaining files from dmap
         if not skipstep3 and not exact:
             # If a dmap file is not in results yet, it was either
             # a) not matching matchfn b) ignored, c) missing, or d) under a
             # symlink directory.
             if not results and matchalways:
                 visit = dmap.keys()
             else:
                 visit = [f for f in dmap if f not in results and matchfn(f)]
             visit.sort()
 
             if unknown:
                 # unknown == True means we walked all dirs under the roots
                 # that wasn't ignored, and everything that matched was stat'ed
                 # and is already in results.
                 # The rest must thus be ignored or under a symlink.
                 audit_path = pathutil.pathauditor(self._root)
 
                 for nf in iter(visit):
                     # If a stat for the same file was already added with a
                     # different case, don't add one for this, since that would
                     # make it appear as if the file exists under both names
                     # on disk.
                     if (normalizefile and
                         normalizefile(nf, True, True) in results):
                         results[nf] = None
                     # Report ignored items in the dmap as long as they are not
                     # under a symlink directory.
                     elif audit_path.check(nf):
                         try:
                             results[nf] = lstat(join(nf))
                             # file was just ignored, no links, and exists
                         except OSError:
                             # file doesn't exist
                             results[nf] = None
                     else:
                         # It's either missing or under a symlink directory
                         # which we in this case report as missing
                         results[nf] = None
             else:
                 # We may not have walked the full directory tree above,
                 # so stat and check everything we missed.
                 nf = iter(visit).next
                 for st in util.statfiles([join(i) for i in visit]):
                     results[nf()] = st
         return results
 
     def status(self, match, subrepos, ignored, clean, unknown):
         '''Determine the status of the working copy relative to the
         dirstate and return a pair of (unsure, status), where status is of type
         scmutil.status and:
 
           unsure:
             files that might have been modified since the dirstate was
             written, but need to be read to be sure (size is the same
             but mtime differs)
           status.modified:
             files that have definitely been modified since the dirstate
             was written (different size or mode)
           status.clean:
             files that have definitely not been modified since the
             dirstate was written
         '''
         listignored, listclean, listunknown = ignored, clean, unknown
         lookup, modified, added, unknown, ignored = [], [], [], [], []
         removed, deleted, clean = [], [], []
 
         dmap = self._map
         ladd = lookup.append            # aka "unsure"
         madd = modified.append
         aadd = added.append
         uadd = unknown.append
         iadd = ignored.append
         radd = removed.append
         dadd = deleted.append
         cadd = clean.append
         mexact = match.exact
         dirignore = self._dirignore
         checkexec = self._checkexec
         copymap = self._copymap
         lastnormaltime = self._lastnormaltime
 
         # We need to do full walks when either
         # - we're listing all clean files, or
         # - match.traversedir does something, because match.traversedir should
         #   be called for every dir in the working dir
         full = listclean or match.traversedir is not None
         for fn, st in self.walk(match, subrepos, listunknown, listignored,
                                 full=full).iteritems():
             if fn not in dmap:
                 if (listignored or mexact(fn)) and dirignore(fn):
                     if listignored:
                         iadd(fn)
                 else:
                     uadd(fn)
                 continue
 
             # This is equivalent to 'state, mode, size, time = dmap[fn]' but not
             # written like that for performance reasons. dmap[fn] is not a
             # Python tuple in compiled builds. The CPython UNPACK_SEQUENCE
             # opcode has fast paths when the value to be unpacked is a tuple or
             # a list, but falls back to creating a full-fledged iterator in
             # general. That is much slower than simply accessing and storing the
             # tuple members one by one.
             t = dmap[fn]
             state = t[0]
             mode = t[1]
             size = t[2]
             time = t[3]
 
             if not st and state in "nma":
                 dadd(fn)
             elif state == 'n':
                 if (size >= 0 and
                     ((size != st.st_size and size != st.st_size & _rangemask)
                      or ((mode ^ st.st_mode) & 0o100 and checkexec))
                     or size == -2 # other parent
                     or fn in copymap):
                     madd(fn)
                 elif time != st.st_mtime and time != st.st_mtime & _rangemask:
                     ladd(fn)
                 elif st.st_mtime == lastnormaltime:
                     # fn may have just been marked as normal and it may have
                     # changed in the same second without changing its size.
                     # This can happen if we quickly do multiple commits.
                     # Force lookup, so we don't miss such a racy file change.
                     ladd(fn)
                 elif listclean:
                     cadd(fn)
             elif state == 'm':
                 madd(fn)
             elif state == 'a':
                 aadd(fn)
             elif state == 'r':
                 radd(fn)
 
         return (lookup, scmutil.status(modified, added, removed, deleted,
                                        unknown, ignored, clean))
 
     def matches(self, match):
         '''
         return files in the dirstate (in whatever state) filtered by match
         '''
         dmap = self._map
         if match.always():
             return dmap.keys()
         files = match.files()
         if match.isexact():
             # fast path -- filter the other way around, since typically files is
             # much smaller than dmap
             return [f for f in files if f in dmap]
         if match.prefix() and all(fn in dmap for fn in files):
             # fast path -- all the values are known to be files, so just return
             # that
             return list(files)
         return [f for f in dmap if match(f)]
 
     def _actualfilename(self, tr):
         if tr:
             return self._pendingfilename
         else:
             return self._filename
 
-    def savebackup(self, tr, suffix):
+    def savebackup(self, tr, suffix='', prefix=''):
         '''Save current dirstate into backup file with suffix'''
         filename = self._actualfilename(tr)
 
         # use '_writedirstate' instead of 'write' to write changes certainly,
         # because the latter omits writing out if transaction is running.
         # output file will be used to create backup of dirstate at this point.
         self._writedirstate(self._opener(filename, "w", atomictemp=True))
 
         if tr:
             # ensure that subsequent tr.writepending returns True for
             # changes written out above, even if dirstate is never
             # changed after this
             tr.addfilegenerator('dirstate', (self._filename,),
                                 self._writedirstate, location='plain')
 
             # ensure that pending file written above is unlinked at
             # failure, even if tr.writepending isn't invoked until the
             # end of this transaction
             tr.registertmp(filename, location='plain')
 
-        self._opener.write(filename + suffix, self._opener.tryread(filename))
+        self._opener.write(prefix + filename + suffix,
+                           self._opener.tryread(filename))
 
-    def restorebackup(self, tr, suffix):
+    def restorebackup(self, tr, suffix='', prefix=''):
         '''Restore dirstate by backup file with suffix'''
         # this "invalidate()" prevents "wlock.release()" from writing
         # changes of dirstate out after restoring from backup file
         self.invalidate()
         filename = self._actualfilename(tr)
-        self._opener.rename(filename + suffix, filename)
+        self._opener.rename(prefix + filename + suffix, filename)
 
-    def clearbackup(self, tr, suffix):
+    def clearbackup(self, tr, suffix='', prefix=''):
         '''Clear backup file with suffix'''
         filename = self._actualfilename(tr)
-        self._opener.unlink(filename + suffix)
+        self._opener.unlink(prefix + filename + suffix)