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1 1 Mercurial supports a functional language for selecting a set of
2 2 revisions.
3 3
4 4 The language supports a number of predicates which are joined by infix
5 5 operators. Parenthesis can be used for grouping.
6 6
7 7 Identifiers such as branch names may need quoting with single or
8 8 double quotes if they contain characters like ``-`` or if they match
9 9 one of the predefined predicates.
10 10
11 11 Special characters can be used in quoted identifiers by escaping them,
12 12 e.g., ``\n`` is interpreted as a newline. To prevent them from being
13 13 interpreted, strings can be prefixed with ``r``, e.g. ``r'...'``.
14 14
15 15 There is a single prefix operator:
16 16
17 17 ``not x``
18 18 Changesets not in x. Short form is ``! x``.
19 19
20 20 These are the supported infix operators:
21 21
22 22 ``x::y``
23 23 A DAG range, meaning all changesets that are descendants of x and
24 24 ancestors of y, including x and y themselves. If the first endpoint
25 25 is left out, this is equivalent to ``ancestors(y)``, if the second
26 26 is left out it is equivalent to ``descendants(x)``.
27 27
28 28 An alternative syntax is ``x..y``.
29 29
30 30 ``x:y``
31 31 All changesets with revision numbers between x and y, both
32 32 inclusive. Either endpoint can be left out, they default to 0 and
33 33 tip.
34 34
35 35 ``x and y``
36 36 The intersection of changesets in x and y. Short form is ``x & y``.
37 37
38 38 ``x or y``
39 39 The union of changesets in x and y. There are two alternative short
40 40 forms: ``x | y`` and ``x + y``.
41 41
42 42 ``x - y``
43 43 Changesets in x but not in y.
44 44
45 45 ``x % y``
46 46 Changesets that are ancestors of x but not ancestors of y (i.e. ::x - ::y).
47 47 This is shorthand notation for ``only(x, y)`` (see below). The second
48 48 argument is optional and, if left out, is equivalent to ``only(x)``.
49 49
50 50 ``x^n``
51 51 The nth parent of x, n == 0, 1, or 2.
52 52 For n == 0, x; for n == 1, the first parent of each changeset in x;
53 53 for n == 2, the second parent of changeset in x.
54 54
55 55 ``x~n``
56 56 The nth first ancestor of x; ``x~0`` is x; ``x~3`` is ``x^^^``.
57 57
58 ``x ## y``
59 Concatenate strings and identifiers into one string.
60
61 All other prefix, infix and postfix operators have lower priority than
62 ``##``. For example, ``a1 ## a2~2`` is equivalent to ``(a1 ## a2)~2``.
63
64 For example::
65
66 [revsetalias]
67 issue(a1) = grep(r'\bissue[ :]?' ## a1 ## r'\b|\bbug\(' ## a1 ## r'\)')
68
69 ``issue(1234)`` is equivalent to
70 ``grep(r'\bissue[ :]?1234\b|\bbug\(1234\)')``
71 in this case. This matches against all of "issue 1234", "issue:1234",
72 "issue1234" and "bug(1234)".
73
58 74 There is a single postfix operator:
59 75
60 76 ``x^``
61 77 Equivalent to ``x^1``, the first parent of each changeset in x.
62 78
63 79
64 80 The following predicates are supported:
65 81
66 82 .. predicatesmarker
67 83
68 84 New predicates (known as "aliases") can be defined, using any combination of
69 85 existing predicates or other aliases. An alias definition looks like::
70 86
71 87 <alias> = <definition>
72 88
73 89 in the ``revsetalias`` section of a Mercurial configuration file. Arguments
74 90 of the form `a1`, `a2`, etc. are substituted from the alias into the
75 91 definition.
76 92
77 93 For example,
78 94
79 95 ::
80 96
81 97 [revsetalias]
82 98 h = heads()
83 99 d(s) = sort(s, date)
84 100 rs(s, k) = reverse(sort(s, k))
85 101
86 102 defines three aliases, ``h``, ``d``, and ``rs``. ``rs(0:tip, author)`` is
87 103 exactly equivalent to ``reverse(sort(0:tip, author))``.
88 104
89 An infix operator ``##`` can concatenate strings and identifiers into
90 one string. For example::
91
92 [revsetalias]
93 issue(a1) = grep(r'\bissue[ :]?' ## a1 ## r'\b|\bbug\(' ## a1 ## r'\)')
94
95 ``issue(1234)`` is equivalent to ``grep(r'\bissue[ :]?1234\b|\bbug\(1234\)')``
96 in this case. This matches against all of "issue 1234", "issue:1234",
97 "issue1234" and "bug(1234)".
98
99 All other prefix, infix and postfix operators have lower priority than
100 ``##``. For example, ``a1 ## a2~2`` is equivalent to ``(a1 ## a2)~2``.
101 105
102 106 Command line equivalents for :hg:`log`::
103 107
104 108 -f -> ::.
105 109 -d x -> date(x)
106 110 -k x -> keyword(x)
107 111 -m -> merge()
108 112 -u x -> user(x)
109 113 -b x -> branch(x)
110 114 -P x -> !::x
111 115 -l x -> limit(expr, x)
112 116
113 117 Some sample queries:
114 118
115 119 - Changesets on the default branch::
116 120
117 121 hg log -r "branch(default)"
118 122
119 123 - Changesets on the default branch since tag 1.5 (excluding merges)::
120 124
121 125 hg log -r "branch(default) and 1.5:: and not merge()"
122 126
123 127 - Open branch heads::
124 128
125 129 hg log -r "head() and not closed()"
126 130
127 131 - Changesets between tags 1.3 and 1.5 mentioning "bug" that affect
128 132 ``hgext/*``::
129 133
130 134 hg log -r "1.3::1.5 and keyword(bug) and file('hgext/*')"
131 135
132 136 - Changesets committed in May 2008, sorted by user::
133 137
134 138 hg log -r "sort(date('May 2008'), user)"
135 139
136 140 - Changesets mentioning "bug" or "issue" that are not in a tagged
137 141 release::
138 142
139 143 hg log -r "(keyword(bug) or keyword(issue)) and not ancestors(tag())"
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