rust-cpython: mark PySharedState as Sync so &'PySharedState can be Send

The goal is to store &'static PySharedState in $leaked struct, which allows
us to move the $leaked struct out of the macro. Currently, it depends on
inner.$data_member(py), which can't be generalized.

PySharedState is Sync because any mutation or read operation is synchronized
by the Python GIL, py: Python<'a>, which should guarantee that &'PySharedState
can be sent to another thread.

rust/hg-cpython/src/ref_sharing.rs

@@ -1,411 +1,415 b''
 // ref_sharing.rs
 //
 // Copyright 2019 Raphaël Gomès <[e-mail]>
 //
 // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 // of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
 // deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
 // rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
 // sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 // furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 //
 // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 // all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 //
 // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 // FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 // AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 // LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 // FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
 // IN THE SOFTWARE.
 
 //! Macros for use in the `hg-cpython` bridge library.
 
 use crate::exceptions::AlreadyBorrowed;
 use cpython::{PyResult, Python};
 use std::cell::{Cell, Ref, RefCell, RefMut};
 
 /// Manages the shared state between Python and Rust
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct PySharedState {
     leak_count: Cell<usize>,
     mutably_borrowed: Cell<bool>,
 }
 
+// &PySharedState can be Send because any access to inner cells is
+// synchronized by the GIL.
+unsafe impl Sync for PySharedState {}
+
 impl PySharedState {
     pub fn borrow_mut<'a, T>(
         &'a self,
         py: Python<'a>,
         pyrefmut: RefMut<'a, T>,
     ) -> PyResult<PyRefMut<'a, T>> {
         if self.mutably_borrowed.get() {
             return Err(AlreadyBorrowed::new(
                 py,
                 "Cannot borrow mutably while there exists another \
                  mutable reference in a Python object",
             ));
         }
         match self.leak_count.get() {
             0 => {
                 self.mutably_borrowed.replace(true);
                 Ok(PyRefMut::new(py, pyrefmut, self))
             }
             // TODO
             // For now, this works differently than Python references
             // in the case of iterators.
             // Python does not complain when the data an iterator
             // points to is modified if the iterator is never used
             // afterwards.
             // Here, we are stricter than this by refusing to give a
             // mutable reference if it is already borrowed.
             // While the additional safety might be argued for, it
             // breaks valid programming patterns in Python and we need
             // to fix this issue down the line.
             _ => Err(AlreadyBorrowed::new(
                 py,
                 "Cannot borrow mutably while there are \
                  immutable references in Python objects",
             )),
         }
     }
 
     /// Return a reference to the wrapped data with an artificial static
     /// lifetime.
     /// We need to be protected by the GIL for thread-safety.
     ///
     /// # Safety
     ///
     /// This is highly unsafe since the lifetime of the given data can be
     /// extended. Do not call this function directly.
     pub unsafe fn leak_immutable<T>(
         &self,
         py: Python,
         data: &PySharedRefCell<T>,
     ) -> PyResult<&'static T> {
         if self.mutably_borrowed.get() {
             return Err(AlreadyBorrowed::new(
                 py,
                 "Cannot borrow immutably while there is a \
                  mutable reference in Python objects",
             ));
         }
         let ptr = data.as_ptr();
         self.leak_count.replace(self.leak_count.get() + 1);
         Ok(&*ptr)
     }
 
     /// # Safety
     ///
     /// It's unsafe to update the reference count without knowing the
     /// reference is deleted. Do not call this function directly.
     pub unsafe fn decrease_leak_count(&self, _py: Python, mutable: bool) {
         if mutable {
             assert_eq!(self.leak_count.get(), 0);
             assert!(self.mutably_borrowed.get());
             self.mutably_borrowed.replace(false);
         } else {
             let count = self.leak_count.get();
             assert!(count > 0);
             self.leak_count.replace(count - 1);
         }
     }
 }
 
 /// `RefCell` wrapper to be safely used in conjunction with `PySharedState`.
 ///
 /// Only immutable operation is allowed through this interface.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct PySharedRefCell<T> {
     inner: RefCell<T>,
     pub py_shared_state: PySharedState, // TODO: remove pub
 }
 
 impl<T> PySharedRefCell<T> {
     pub fn new(value: T) -> PySharedRefCell<T> {
         Self {
             inner: RefCell::new(value),
             py_shared_state: PySharedState::default(),
         }
     }
 
     pub fn borrow(&self) -> Ref<T> {
         // py_shared_state isn't involved since
         // - inner.borrow() would fail if self is mutably borrowed,
         // - and inner.borrow_mut() would fail while self is borrowed.
         self.inner.borrow()
     }
 
     pub fn as_ptr(&self) -> *mut T {
         self.inner.as_ptr()
     }
 
     // TODO: maybe this should be named as try_borrow_mut(), and use
     // inner.try_borrow_mut(). The current implementation panics if
     // self.inner has been borrowed, but returns error if py_shared_state
     // refuses to borrow.
     pub fn borrow_mut<'a>(
         &'a self,
         py: Python<'a>,
     ) -> PyResult<PyRefMut<'a, T>> {
         self.py_shared_state.borrow_mut(py, self.inner.borrow_mut())
     }
 }
 
 /// Holds a mutable reference to data shared between Python and Rust.
 pub struct PyRefMut<'a, T> {
     inner: RefMut<'a, T>,
     py_shared_state: &'a PySharedState,
 }
 
 impl<'a, T> PyRefMut<'a, T> {
     // Must be constructed by PySharedState after checking its leak_count.
     // Otherwise, drop() would incorrectly update the state.
     fn new(
         _py: Python<'a>,
         inner: RefMut<'a, T>,
         py_shared_state: &'a PySharedState,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             inner,
             py_shared_state,
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a, T> std::ops::Deref for PyRefMut<'a, T> {
     type Target = RefMut<'a, T>;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
         &self.inner
     }
 }
 impl<'a, T> std::ops::DerefMut for PyRefMut<'a, T> {
     fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
         &mut self.inner
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a, T> Drop for PyRefMut<'a, T> {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
         let py = gil.python();
         unsafe {
             self.py_shared_state.decrease_leak_count(py, true);
         }
     }
 }
 
 /// Allows a `py_class!` generated struct to share references to one of its
 /// data members with Python.
 ///
 /// # Warning
 ///
 /// TODO allow Python container types: for now, integration with the garbage
 ///     collector does not extend to Rust structs holding references to Python
 ///     objects. Should the need surface, `__traverse__` and `__clear__` will
 ///     need to be written as per the `rust-cpython` docs on GC integration.
 ///
 /// # Parameters
 ///
 /// * `$name` is the same identifier used in for `py_class!` macro call.
 /// * `$inner_struct` is the identifier of the underlying Rust struct
 /// * `$data_member` is the identifier of the data member of `$inner_struct`
 /// that will be shared.
 /// * `$leaked` is the identifier to give to the struct that will manage
 /// references to `$name`, to be used for example in other macros like
 /// `py_shared_iterator`.
 ///
 /// # Example
 ///
 /// ```
 /// struct MyStruct {
 ///     inner: Vec<u32>;
 /// }
 ///
 /// py_class!(pub class MyType |py| {
 ///     data inner: PySharedRefCell<MyStruct>;
 /// });
 ///
 /// py_shared_ref!(MyType, MyStruct, inner, MyTypeLeakedRef);
 /// ```
 macro_rules! py_shared_ref {
     (
         $name: ident,
         $inner_struct: ident,
         $data_member: ident,
         $leaked: ident,
     ) => {
         impl $name {
             // TODO: remove this function in favor of inner(py).borrow_mut()
             fn borrow_mut<'a>(
                 &'a self,
                 py: Python<'a>,
             ) -> PyResult<crate::ref_sharing::PyRefMut<'a, $inner_struct>>
             {
                 // assert $data_member type
                 use crate::ref_sharing::PySharedRefCell;
                 let data: &PySharedRefCell<_> = self.$data_member(py);
                 data.borrow_mut(py)
             }
 
             /// Returns a leaked reference and its management object.
             ///
             /// # Safety
             ///
             /// It's up to you to make sure that the management object lives
             /// longer than the leaked reference. Otherwise, you'll get a
             /// dangling reference.
             unsafe fn leak_immutable<'a>(
                 &'a self,
                 py: Python<'a>,
             ) -> PyResult<($leaked, &'static $inner_struct)> {
                 // assert $data_member type
                 use crate::ref_sharing::PySharedRefCell;
                 let data: &PySharedRefCell<_> = self.$data_member(py);
                 let static_ref =
                     data.py_shared_state.leak_immutable(py, data)?;
                 let leak_handle = $leaked::new(py, self);
                 Ok((leak_handle, static_ref))
             }
         }
 
         /// Manage immutable references to `$name` leaked into Python
         /// iterators.
         ///
         /// In truth, this does not represent leaked references themselves;
         /// it is instead useful alongside them to manage them.
         pub struct $leaked {
             inner: $name,
         }
 
         impl $leaked {
             // Marked as unsafe so client code wouldn't construct $leaked
             // struct by mistake. Its drop() is unsafe.
             unsafe fn new(py: Python, inner: &$name) -> Self {
                 Self {
                     inner: inner.clone_ref(py),
                 }
             }
         }
 
         impl Drop for $leaked {
             fn drop(&mut self) {
                 let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
                 let py = gil.python();
                 let state = &self.inner.$data_member(py).py_shared_state;
                 unsafe {
                     state.decrease_leak_count(py, false);
                 }
             }
         }
     };
 }
 
 /// Defines a `py_class!` that acts as a Python iterator over a Rust iterator.
 ///
 /// TODO: this is a bit awkward to use, and a better (more complicated)
 ///     procedural macro would simplify the interface a lot.
 ///
 /// # Parameters
 ///
 /// * `$name` is the identifier to give to the resulting Rust struct.
 /// * `$leaked` corresponds to `$leaked` in the matching `py_shared_ref!` call.
 /// * `$iterator_type` is the type of the Rust iterator.
 /// * `$success_func` is a function for processing the Rust `(key, value)`
 /// tuple on iteration success, turning it into something Python understands.
 /// * `$success_func` is the return type of `$success_func`
 ///
 /// # Example
 ///
 /// ```
 /// struct MyStruct {
 ///     inner: HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>;
 /// }
 ///
 /// py_class!(pub class MyType |py| {
 ///     data inner: PySharedRefCell<MyStruct>;
 ///
 ///     def __iter__(&self) -> PyResult<MyTypeItemsIterator> {
 ///         let (leak_handle, leaked_ref) = unsafe { self.leak_immutable(py)? };
 ///         MyTypeItemsIterator::from_inner(
 ///             py,
 ///             leak_handle,
 ///             leaked_ref.iter(),
 ///         )
 ///     }
 /// });
 ///
 /// impl MyType {
 ///     fn translate_key_value(
 ///         py: Python,
 ///         res: (&Vec<u8>, &Vec<u8>),
 ///     ) -> PyResult<Option<(PyBytes, PyBytes)>> {
 ///         let (f, entry) = res;
 ///         Ok(Some((
 ///             PyBytes::new(py, f),
 ///             PyBytes::new(py, entry),
 ///         )))
 ///     }
 /// }
 ///
 /// py_shared_ref!(MyType, MyStruct, inner, MyTypeLeakedRef);
 ///
 /// py_shared_iterator!(
 ///     MyTypeItemsIterator,
 ///     MyTypeLeakedRef,
 ///     HashMap<'static, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>,
 ///     MyType::translate_key_value,
 ///     Option<(PyBytes, PyBytes)>
 /// );
 /// ```
 macro_rules! py_shared_iterator {
     (
         $name: ident,
         $leaked: ident,
         $iterator_type: ty,
         $success_func: expr,
         $success_type: ty
     ) => {
         py_class!(pub class $name |py| {
             data inner: RefCell<Option<$leaked>>;
             data it: RefCell<$iterator_type>;
 
             def __next__(&self) -> PyResult<$success_type> {
                 let mut inner_opt = self.inner(py).borrow_mut();
                 if inner_opt.is_some() {
                     match self.it(py).borrow_mut().next() {
                         None => {
                             // replace Some(inner) by None, drop $leaked
                             inner_opt.take();
                             Ok(None)
                         }
                         Some(res) => {
                             $success_func(py, res)
                         }
                     }
                 } else {
                     Ok(None)
                 }
             }
 
             def __iter__(&self) -> PyResult<Self> {
                 Ok(self.clone_ref(py))
             }
         });
 
         impl $name {
             pub fn from_inner(
                 py: Python,
                 leaked: $leaked,
                 it: $iterator_type
             ) -> PyResult<Self> {
                 Self::create_instance(
                     py,
                     RefCell::new(Some(leaked)),
                     RefCell::new(it)
                 )
             }
         }
     };
 }