hg addremove: take optional files list

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

hg addremove: take optional files list

From: Chris Mason <[e-mail]>

Change hg addremove so that it can take a list of files to process instead
of searching the entire tree for candidates.

manifest hash: 592d8771ea5703dd6ed4459239dab84e15ee9321
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mercurial/commands.py

@@ -1,733 +1,746 b''
 # commands.py - command processing for mercurial
 #
 # Copyright 2005 Matt Mackall <[e-mail]>
 #
 # This software may be used and distributed according to the terms
 # of the GNU General Public License, incorporated herein by reference.
 
 import os, re, sys, signal
 import fancyopts, ui, hg
 from demandload import *
 demandload(globals(), "mdiff time hgweb traceback random signal")
 
 class UnknownCommand(Exception): pass
 
 def filterfiles(filters, files):
     l = [ x for x in files if x in filters ]
 
     for t in filters:
         if t and t[-1] != os.sep: t += os.sep
         l += [ x for x in files if x.startswith(t) ]
     return l
 
 def relfilter(repo, files):
     if os.getcwd() != repo.root:
         p = os.getcwd()[len(repo.root) + 1: ]
         return filterfiles([p], files)
     return files
 
 def relpath(repo, args):
     if os.getcwd() != repo.root:
         p = os.getcwd()[len(repo.root) + 1: ]
         return [ os.path.normpath(os.path.join(p, x)) for x in args ]
     return args
 
 def dodiff(repo, path, files = None, node1 = None, node2 = None):
     def date(c):
         return time.asctime(time.gmtime(float(c[2].split(' ')[0])))
 
     if node2:
         change = repo.changelog.read(node2)
         mmap2 = repo.manifest.read(change[0])
         (c, a, d) = repo.diffrevs(node1, node2)
         def read(f): return repo.file(f).read(mmap2[f])
         date2 = date(change)
     else:
         date2 = time.asctime()
         (c, a, d, u) = repo.diffdir(path, node1)
         if not node1:
             node1 = repo.dirstate.parents()[0]
         def read(f): return file(os.path.join(repo.root, f)).read()
 
     change = repo.changelog.read(node1)
     mmap = repo.manifest.read(change[0])
     date1 = date(change)
 
     if files:
         c, a, d = map(lambda x: filterfiles(files, x), (c, a, d))
 
     for f in c:
         to = None
         if f in mmap:
             to = repo.file(f).read(mmap[f])
         tn = read(f)
         sys.stdout.write(mdiff.unidiff(to, date1, tn, date2, f))
     for f in a:
         to = None
         tn = read(f)
         sys.stdout.write(mdiff.unidiff(to, date1, tn, date2, f))
     for f in d:
         to = repo.file(f).read(mmap[f])
         tn = None
         sys.stdout.write(mdiff.unidiff(to, date1, tn, date2, f))
 
 def show_changeset(ui, repo, rev=0, changenode=None, filelog=None):
     """show a single changeset or file revision"""
     changelog = repo.changelog
     if filelog:
         log = filelog
         filerev = rev
         node = filenode = filelog.node(filerev)
         changerev = filelog.linkrev(filenode)
         changenode = changenode or changelog.node(changerev)
     else:
         log = changelog
         changerev = rev
         if changenode is None:
             changenode = changelog.node(changerev)
         elif not changerev:
             rev = changerev = changelog.rev(changenode)
         node = changenode
 
     if ui.quiet:
         ui.write("%d:%s\n" % (rev, hg.hex(node)))
         return
 
     changes = changelog.read(changenode)
 
     parents = [(log.rev(parent), hg.hex(parent))
                for parent in log.parents(node)
                if ui.debugflag or parent != hg.nullid]
     if not ui.debugflag and len(parents) == 1 and parents[0][0] == rev-1:
         parents = []
 
     if filelog:
         ui.write("revision:    %d:%s\n" % (filerev, hg.hex(filenode)))
         for parent in parents:
             ui.write("parent:      %d:%s\n" % parent)
         ui.status("changeset:   %d:%s\n" % (changerev, hg.hex(changenode)))
     else:
         ui.write("changeset:   %d:%s\n" % (changerev, hg.hex(changenode)))
         for parent in parents:
             ui.write("parent:      %d:%s\n" % parent)
         ui.note("manifest:    %d:%s\n" % (repo.manifest.rev(changes[0]),
                                           hg.hex(changes[0])))
     ui.status("user:        %s\n" % changes[1])
     ui.status("date:        %s\n" % time.asctime(
         time.localtime(float(changes[2].split(' ')[0]))))
     ui.note("files:       %s\n" % " ".join(changes[3]))
     description = changes[4].strip()
     if description:
         if ui.verbose:
             ui.status("description:\n")
             ui.status(description)
             ui.status("\n\n")
         else:
             ui.status("summary:     %s\n" % description.splitlines()[0])
     ui.status("\n")
 
 def help(ui, cmd=None):
     '''show help for a given command or all commands'''
     if cmd:
         try:
             i = find(cmd)
             ui.write("%s\n\n" % i[2])
 
             if i[1]:
                 for s, l, d, c in i[1]:
                     opt=' '
                     if s: opt = opt + '-' + s + ' '
                     if l: opt = opt + '--' + l + ' '
                     if d: opt = opt + '(' + str(d) + ')'
                     ui.write(opt, "\n")
                     if c: ui.write('   %s\n' % c)
                 ui.write("\n")
 
             ui.write(i[0].__doc__, "\n")
         except UnknownCommand:
             ui.warn("hg: unknown command %s\n" % cmd)
         sys.exit(0)
     else:
         ui.status('hg commands:\n\n')
 
         h = {}
         for e in table.values():
             f = e[0]
             if f.__name__.startswith("debug"): continue
             d = ""
             if f.__doc__:
                 d = f.__doc__.splitlines(0)[0].rstrip()
             h[f.__name__] = d
 
         fns = h.keys()
         fns.sort()
         m = max(map(len, fns))
         for f in fns:
             ui.status(' %-*s   %s\n' % (m, f, h[f]))
 
 # Commands start here, listed alphabetically
 
 def add(ui, repo, file, *files):
     '''add the specified files on the next commit'''
     repo.add(relpath(repo, (file,) + files))
 
-def addremove(ui, repo):
+def addremove(ui, repo, *files):
     """add all new files, delete all missing files"""
-    (c, a, d, u) = repo.diffdir(repo.root)
+    if files:
+        files = relpath(repo, files)
+        d = []
+        u = []
+        for f in files:
+            p = repo.wjoin(f)
+            s = repo.dirstate.state(f)
+            isfile = os.path.isfile(p)
+            if s != 'r' and not isfile:
+                d.append(f)
+            elif s not in 'nmai' and isfile:
+                u.append(f)
+    else:
+        (c, a, d, u) = repo.diffdir(repo.root)
     repo.add(u)
     repo.remove(d)
 
 def annotate(u, repo, file, *files, **ops):
     """show changeset information per file line"""
     def getnode(rev):
         return hg.short(repo.changelog.node(rev))
 
     def getname(rev):
         try:
             return bcache[rev]
         except KeyError:
             cl = repo.changelog.read(repo.changelog.node(rev))
             name = cl[1]
             f = name.find('@')
             if f >= 0:
                 name = name[:f]
             bcache[rev] = name
             return name
     
     bcache = {}
     opmap = [['user', getname], ['number', str], ['changeset', getnode]]
     if not ops['user'] and not ops['changeset']:
         ops['number'] = 1
 
     node = repo.dirstate.parents()[0]
     if ops['revision']:
         node = repo.changelog.lookup(ops['revision'])
     change = repo.changelog.read(node)
     mmap = repo.manifest.read(change[0])
     maxuserlen = 0
     maxchangelen = 0
     for f in relpath(repo, (file,) + files):
         lines = repo.file(f).annotate(mmap[f])
         pieces = []
 
         for o, f in opmap:
             if ops[o]:
                 l = [ f(n) for n,t in lines ]
                 m = max(map(len, l))
                 pieces.append([ "%*s" % (m, x) for x in l])
 
         for p,l in zip(zip(*pieces), lines):
             u.write(" ".join(p) + ": " + l[1])
 
 def cat(ui, repo, file, rev = []):
     """output the latest or given revision of a file"""
     r = repo.file(relpath(repo, [file])[0])
     n = r.tip()
     if rev: n = r.lookup(rev)
     sys.stdout.write(r.read(n))
 
 def commit(ui, repo, *files, **opts):
     """commit the specified files or all outstanding changes"""
     text = opts['text']
     if not text and opts['logfile']:
         try: text = open(opts['logfile']).read()
         except IOError: pass
 
     repo.commit(relpath(repo, files), text, opts['user'], opts['date'])
 
 def debugaddchangegroup(ui, repo):
     data = sys.stdin.read()
     repo.addchangegroup(data)
 
 def debugchangegroup(ui, repo, roots):
     newer = repo.newer(map(repo.lookup, roots))
     for chunk in repo.changegroup(newer):
         sys.stdout.write(chunk)
 
 def debugindex(ui, file):
     r = hg.revlog(open, file, "")
     print "   rev    offset  length   base linkrev"+\
           " p1           p2           nodeid"
     for i in range(r.count()):
         e = r.index[i]
         print "% 6d % 9d % 7d % 6d % 7d %s.. %s.. %s.." % (
             i, e[0], e[1], e[2], e[3],
             hg.hex(e[4][:5]), hg.hex(e[5][:5]), hg.hex(e[6][:5]))
 
 def debugindexdot(ui, file):
     r = hg.revlog(open, file, "")
     print "digraph G {"
     for i in range(r.count()):
         e = r.index[i]
         print "\t%d -> %d" % (r.rev(e[4]), i)
         if e[5] != hg.nullid:
             print "\t%d -> %d" % (r.rev(e[5]), i)
     print "}"
 
 def diff(ui, repo, *files, **opts):
     """diff working directory (or selected files)"""
     revs = []
     if opts['rev']:
         revs = map(lambda x: repo.lookup(x), opts['rev'])
     
     if len(revs) > 2:
         self.ui.warn("too many revisions to diff\n")
         sys.exit(1)
 
     if files:
         files = relpath(repo, files)
     else:
         files = relpath(repo, [""])
 
     dodiff(repo, os.getcwd(), files, *revs)
 
 def export(ui, repo, changeset):
     """dump the changeset header and diffs for a revision"""
     node = repo.lookup(changeset)
     prev, other = repo.changelog.parents(node)
     change = repo.changelog.read(node)
     print "# HG changeset patch"
     print "# User %s" % change[1]
     print "# Node ID %s" % hg.hex(node)
     print "# Parent  %s" % hg.hex(prev)
     print
     if other != hg.nullid:
         print "# Parent  %s" % hg.hex(other)
     print change[4].rstrip()
     print
     
     dodiff(repo, "", None, prev, node)
 
 def forget(ui, repo, file, *files):
     """don't add the specified files on the next commit"""
     repo.forget(relpath(repo, (file,) + files))
 
 def heads(ui, repo):
     """show current repository heads"""
     for n in repo.changelog.heads():
         show_changeset(ui, repo, changenode=n)
 
 def history(ui, repo):
     """show the changelog history"""
     for i in range(repo.changelog.count() - 1, -1, -1):
         show_changeset(ui, repo, rev=i)
 
 def identify(ui, repo):
     """print information about the working copy"""
     (c, a, d, u) = repo.diffdir(repo.root)
     mflag = (c or a or d or u) and "+" or ""
     parents = [p for p in repo.dirstate.parents() if p != hg.nullid]
     if not parents:
         ui.write("unknown\n")
         return
 
     tstring = ''
     if not ui.quiet:
         tags = sum(map(repo.nodetags, parents), [])
         tstring = " " + ' + '.join(tags)
 
     hexfunc = ui.verbose and hg.hex or hg.short
     pstring = '+'.join([hexfunc(parent) for parent in parents])
     ui.write("%s%s%s\n" % (pstring, mflag, tstring))
 
 def init(ui, source=None):
     """create a new repository or copy an existing one"""
 
     if source:
         paths = {}
         for name, path in ui.configitems("paths"):
             paths[name] = path
 
         if source in paths: source = paths[source]
 
         link = 0
         if not source.startswith("http://"):
             d1 = os.stat(os.getcwd()).st_dev
             d2 = os.stat(source).st_dev
             if d1 == d2: link = 1
 
         if link:
             ui.debug("copying by hardlink\n")
             os.system("cp -al %s/.hg .hg" % source)
             try:
                 os.remove(".hg/dirstate")
             except: pass
 
             repo = hg.repository(ui, ".")
 
         else:
             repo = hg.repository(ui, ".", create=1)
             other = hg.repository(ui, source)
             cg = repo.getchangegroup(other)
             repo.addchangegroup(cg)
     else:
         repo = hg.repository(ui, ".", create=1)
 
     f = repo.opener("hgrc", "w")
     f.write("[paths]\n")
     f.write("default = %s\n" % source)
 
 def log(ui, repo, f):
     """show the revision history of a single file"""
     f = relpath(repo, [f])[0]
 
     r = repo.file(f)
     for i in range(r.count() - 1, -1, -1):
         show_changeset(ui, repo, filelog=r, rev=i)
 
 def manifest(ui, repo, rev = []):
     """output the latest or given revision of the project manifest"""
     n = repo.manifest.tip()
     if rev:
         n = repo.manifest.lookup(rev)
     m = repo.manifest.read(n)
     mf = repo.manifest.readflags(n)
     files = m.keys()
     files.sort()
 
     for f in files:
         ui.write("%40s %3s %s\n" % (hg.hex(m[f]), mf[f] and "755" or "644", f))
 
 def parents(ui, repo, node = None):
     '''show the parents of the current working dir'''
     if node:
         p = repo.changelog.parents(repo.lookup(hg.bin(node)))
     else:
         p = repo.dirstate.parents()
 
     for n in p:
         if n != hg.nullid:
             show_changeset(ui, repo, changenode=n)
 
 def patch(ui, repo, patch1, *patches, **opts):
     """import an ordered set of patches"""
     try:
         import psyco
         psyco.full()
     except:
         pass
 
     patches = (patch1,) + patches
     
     d = opts["base"]
     strip = opts["strip"]
     quiet = opts["quiet"] and "> /dev/null" or ""
 
     for patch in patches:
         ui.status("applying %s\n" % patch)
         pf = os.path.join(d, patch)
 
         text = ""
         for l in file(pf):
             if l[:4] == "--- ": break
             text += l
 
         # make sure text isn't empty
         if not text: text = "imported patch %s\n" % patch
 
         f = os.popen("lsdiff --strip %d %s" % (strip, pf))
         files = filter(None, map(lambda x: x.rstrip(), f.read().splitlines()))
         f.close()
 
         if files:
             if os.system("patch -p%d < %s %s" % (strip, pf, quiet)):
                 raise "patch failed!"
         repo.commit(files, text)
 
 def pull(ui, repo, source="default"):
     """pull changes from the specified source"""
     paths = {}
     for name, path in ui.configitems("paths"):
         paths[name] = path
 
     if source in paths: source = paths[source]
     
     other = hg.repository(ui, source)
     cg = repo.getchangegroup(other)
     repo.addchangegroup(cg)
 
 def push(ui, repo, dest):
     """push changes to the specified destination"""
     paths = {}
     for name, path in ui.configitems("paths"):
         paths[name] = path
 
     if dest in paths: dest = paths[dest]
     
     if not dest.startswith("ssh://"):
         ui.warn("abort: can only push to ssh:// destinations currently\n")
         return 1
 
     m = re.match(r'ssh://(([^@]+)@)?([^:/]+)(:(\d+))?(/(.*))?', dest)
     if not m:
         ui.warn("abort: couldn't parse destination %s\n" % dest)
         return 1
 
     user, host, port, path = map(m.group, (2, 3, 5, 7))
     host = user and ("%s@%s" % (user, host)) or host
     port = port and (" -p %s") % port or ""
     path = path or ""
 
     sport = random.randrange(30000, 60000)
     cmd = "ssh %s%s -R %d:localhost:%d 'cd %s; hg pull http://localhost:%d/'"
     cmd = cmd % (host, port, sport+1, sport, path, sport+1)
 
     child = os.fork()
     if not child:
         sys.stdout = file("/dev/null", "w")
         sys.stderr = sys.stdout
         hgweb.server(repo.root, "pull", "", "localhost", sport)
     else:
         r = os.system(cmd)
         os.kill(child, signal.SIGTERM)
         return r
 
 def rawcommit(ui, repo, flist, **rc):
     "raw commit interface"
 
     text = rc['text']
     if not text and rc['logfile']:
         try: text = open(rc['logfile']).read()
         except IOError: pass
     if not text and not rc['logfile']:
         print "missing commit text"
         return 1
 
     files = relpath(repo, flist)
     if rc['files']:
         files += open(rc['files']).read().splitlines()
         
     repo.rawcommit(files, text, rc['user'], rc['date'], *rc['parent'])
  
 def recover(ui, repo):
     """roll back an interrupted transaction"""
     repo.recover()
 
 def remove(ui, repo, file, *files):
     """remove the specified files on the next commit"""
     repo.remove(relpath(repo, (file,) + files))
 
 def serve(ui, repo, **opts):
     """export the repository via HTTP"""
     hgweb.server(repo.root, opts["name"], opts["templates"],
                  opts["address"], opts["port"])
     
 def status(ui, repo):
     '''show changed files in the working directory
 
     C = changed
     A = added
     R = removed
     ? = not tracked'''
 
     (c, a, d, u) = repo.diffdir(os.getcwd())
     (c, a, d, u) = map(lambda x: relfilter(repo, x), (c, a, d, u))
 
     for f in c: print "C", f
     for f in a: print "A", f
     for f in d: print "R", f
     for f in u: print "?", f
 
 def tags(ui, repo):
     """list repository tags"""
     
     l = repo.tagslist()
     l.reverse()
     for t,n in l:
         try:
             r = repo.changelog.rev(n)
         except KeyError:
             r = "?"
         print "%-30s %5d:%s" % (t, repo.changelog.rev(n), hg.hex(n))
 
 def tip(ui, repo):
     """show the tip revision"""
     n = repo.changelog.tip()
     show_changeset(ui, repo, changenode=n)
 
 def undo(ui, repo):
     """undo the last transaction"""
     repo.undo()
 
 def update(ui, repo, node=None, merge=False, clean=False):
     '''update or merge working directory
 
     If there are no outstanding changes in the working directory and
     there is a linear relationship between the current version and the
     requested version, the result is the requested version.
 
     Otherwise the result is a merge between the contents of the
     current working directory and the requested version. Files that
     changed between either parent are marked as changed for the next
     commit and a commit must be performed before any further updates
     are allowed.
     '''
     node = node and repo.lookup(node) or repo.changelog.tip()
     return repo.update(node, allow=merge, force=clean)
 
 def verify(ui, repo):
     """verify the integrity of the repository"""
     return repo.verify()
 
 # Command options and aliases are listed here, alphabetically
 
 table = {
     "add": (add, [], "hg add [files]"),
-    "addremove": (addremove, [], "hg addremove"),
+    "addremove": (addremove, [], "hg addremove [files]"),
     "ann|annotate": (annotate,
                      [('r', 'revision', '', 'revision'),
                       ('u', 'user', None, 'show user'),
                       ('n', 'number', None, 'show revision number'),
                       ('c', 'changeset', None, 'show changeset')],
                      'hg annotate [-u] [-c] [-n] [-r id] [files]'),
     "cat|dump": (cat, [], 'hg cat <file> [rev]'),
     "commit|ci": (commit,
                   [('t', 'text', "", 'commit text'),
                    ('l', 'logfile', "", 'commit text file'),
                    ('d', 'date', "", 'data'),
                    ('u', 'user', "", 'user')],
                   'hg commit [files]'),
     "debugaddchangegroup": (debugaddchangegroup, [], 'debugaddchangegroup'),
     "debugchangegroup": (debugchangegroup, [], 'debugchangegroup [roots]'),
     "debugindex": (debugindex, [], 'debugindex <file>'),
     "debugindexdot": (debugindexdot, [], 'debugindexdot <file>'),
     "diff": (diff, [('r', 'rev', [], 'revision')],
              'hg diff [-r A] [-r B] [files]'),
     "export": (export, [], "hg export <changeset>"),
     "forget": (forget, [], "hg forget [files]"),
     "heads": (heads, [], 'hg heads'),
     "history": (history, [], 'hg history'),
     "help": (help, [], 'hg help [command]'),
     "identify|id": (identify, [], 'hg identify'),
     "init": (init, [], 'hg init [url]'),
     "log": (log, [], 'hg log <file>'),
     "manifest|dumpmanifest": (manifest, [], 'hg manifest [rev]'),
     "parents": (parents, [], 'hg parents [node]'),
     "patch|import": (patch,
                      [('p', 'strip', 1, 'path strip'),
                       ('b', 'base', "", 'base path'),
                       ('q', 'quiet', "", 'silence diff')],
                      "hg import [options] patches"),
     "pull|merge": (pull, [], 'hg pull [source]'),
     "push": (push, [], 'hg push <destination>'),
     "rawcommit": (rawcommit,
                   [('p', 'parent', [], 'parent'),
                    ('d', 'date', "", 'data'),
                    ('u', 'user', "", 'user'),
                    ('F', 'files', "", 'file list'),
                    ('t', 'text', "", 'commit text'),
                    ('l', 'logfile', "", 'commit text file')],
                   'hg rawcommit [options] [files]'),
     "recover": (recover, [], "hg recover"),
     "remove": (remove, [], "hg remove [files]"),
     "serve": (serve, [('p', 'port', 8000, 'listen port'),
                       ('a', 'address', '', 'interface address'),
                       ('n', 'name', os.getcwd(), 'repository name'),
                       ('t', 'templates', "", 'template map')],
               "hg serve [options]"),
     "status": (status, [], 'hg status'),
     "tags": (tags, [], 'hg tags'),
     "tip": (tip, [], 'hg tip'),
     "undo": (undo, [], 'hg undo'),
     "update|up|checkout|co|resolve": (update,
                                       [('m', 'merge', None,
                                         'allow merging of conflicts'),
                                        ('C', 'clean', None,
                                         'overwrite locally modified files')],
                                        'hg update [options] [node]'),
     "verify": (verify, [], 'hg verify'),
     }
 
 norepo = "init branch help debugindex debugindexdot"
 
 def find(cmd):
     i = None
     for e in table.keys():
         if re.match("(%s)$" % e, cmd):
             return table[e]
 
     raise UnknownCommand(cmd)
 
 class SignalInterrupt(Exception): pass
 
 def catchterm(*args):
     raise SignalInterrupt
 
 def run():
     sys.exit(dispatch(sys.argv[1:]))
 
 def dispatch(args):
     options = {}
     opts = [('v', 'verbose', None, 'verbose'),
             ('d', 'debug', None, 'debug'),
             ('q', 'quiet', None, 'quiet'),
             ('p', 'profile', None, 'profile'),
             ('y', 'noninteractive', None, 'run non-interactively'),
             ]
 
     args = fancyopts.fancyopts(args, opts, options,
                                'hg [options] <command> [options] [files]')
 
     if not args:
         cmd = "help"
     else:
         cmd, args = args[0], args[1:]
 
     u = ui.ui(options["verbose"], options["debug"], options["quiet"],
            not options["noninteractive"])
 
     try:
         i = find(cmd)
     except UnknownCommand:
         u.warn("hg: unknown command '%s'\n" % cmd)
         help(u)
         sys.exit(1)
 
     signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, catchterm)
 
     cmdoptions = {}
     try:
         args = fancyopts.fancyopts(args, i[1], cmdoptions, i[2])
     except fancyopts.getopt.GetoptError, inst:
         u.warn("hg %s: %s\n" % (cmd, inst))
         help(u, cmd)
         sys.exit(-1)
 
     if cmd not in norepo.split():
         repo = hg.repository(ui = u)
         d = lambda: i[0](u, repo, *args, **cmdoptions)
     else:
         d = lambda: i[0](u, *args, **cmdoptions)
 
     try:
         if options['profile']:
             import hotshot, hotshot.stats
             prof = hotshot.Profile("hg.prof")
             r = prof.runcall(d)
             prof.close()
             stats = hotshot.stats.load("hg.prof")
             stats.strip_dirs()
             stats.sort_stats('time', 'calls')
             stats.print_stats(40)
             return r
         else:
             return d()
     except SignalInterrupt:
         u.warn("killed!\n")
     except KeyboardInterrupt:
         u.warn("interrupted!\n")
     except IOError, inst:
         if inst.errno == 32:
             u.warn("broken pipe\n")
         else:
             raise
     except TypeError, inst:
         # was this an argument error?
         tb = traceback.extract_tb(sys.exc_info()[2])
         if len(tb) > 2: # no
             raise
         u.debug(inst, "\n")
         u.warn("%s: invalid arguments\n" % i[0].__name__)
         help(u, cmd)
         sys.exit(-1)