procutil: always waiting on child processes to prevent zombies with 'hg serve'

When runbgcommand is invoked by an extension with ensurestart=False, we never
called waitpid - which is fine in most cases, except if that's happening on a
command server (e.g. chg), in which case the child defunct process will just
sit there for as long as the server is running.

The actual semantics of SIGCHLD signal handling is a lot more complex than
it seems, and the POSIX standard *seems* to read that it's ignored by default
and everything would just work without the waitpid if we're not listening for
it, but the truth is that it's only ignored if we *explicitly* set it to
SIG_IGN. We further cannot set it to SIG_IGN or to a catch-all handler across
all of 'hg serve', because Python's suprocess.Popen relies on that signal,
and a few specific parts of hg also set custom handlers, so instead we wait
for specific PIDs in dedicated threads.

I did a poor-man's benchmark of the thread creation and it seems to take
about 1ms, which is way better than the 20+ms from ensurestart=True.

Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D8497

mercurial/utils/procutil.py

@@ -1,669 +1,678 b''
 # procutil.py - utility for managing processes and executable environment
 #
 #  Copyright 2005 K. Thananchayan <[e-mail]>
 #  Copyright 2005-2007 Matt Mackall <[e-mail]>
 #  Copyright 2006 Vadim Gelfer <[e-mail]>
 #
 # This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
 # GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 
 import contextlib
 import errno
 import io
 import os
 import signal
 import subprocess
 import sys
+import threading
 import time
 
 from ..i18n import _
 from ..pycompat import (
     getattr,
     open,
 )
 
 from .. import (
     encoding,
     error,
     policy,
     pycompat,
 )
 
 # Import like this to keep import-checker happy
 from ..utils import resourceutil
 
 osutil = policy.importmod('osutil')
 
 stderr = pycompat.stderr
 stdin = pycompat.stdin
 stdout = pycompat.stdout
 
 
 def isatty(fp):
     try:
         return fp.isatty()
     except AttributeError:
         return False
 
 
 # glibc determines buffering on first write to stdout - if we replace a TTY
 # destined stdout with a pipe destined stdout (e.g. pager), we want line
 # buffering (or unbuffered, on Windows)
 if isatty(stdout):
     if pycompat.iswindows:
         # Windows doesn't support line buffering
         stdout = os.fdopen(stdout.fileno(), 'wb', 0)
     elif not pycompat.ispy3:
         # on Python 3, stdout (sys.stdout.buffer) is already line buffered and
         # buffering=1 is not handled in binary mode
         stdout = os.fdopen(stdout.fileno(), 'wb', 1)
 
 if pycompat.iswindows:
     from .. import windows as platform
 
     stdout = platform.winstdout(stdout)
 else:
     from .. import posix as platform
 
 findexe = platform.findexe
 _gethgcmd = platform.gethgcmd
 getuser = platform.getuser
 getpid = os.getpid
 hidewindow = platform.hidewindow
 quotecommand = platform.quotecommand
 readpipe = platform.readpipe
 setbinary = platform.setbinary
 setsignalhandler = platform.setsignalhandler
 shellquote = platform.shellquote
 shellsplit = platform.shellsplit
 spawndetached = platform.spawndetached
 sshargs = platform.sshargs
 testpid = platform.testpid
 
 try:
     setprocname = osutil.setprocname
 except AttributeError:
     pass
 try:
     unblocksignal = osutil.unblocksignal
 except AttributeError:
     pass
 
 closefds = pycompat.isposix
 
 
 def explainexit(code):
     """return a message describing a subprocess status
     (codes from kill are negative - not os.system/wait encoding)"""
     if code >= 0:
         return _(b"exited with status %d") % code
     return _(b"killed by signal %d") % -code
 
 
 class _pfile(object):
     """File-like wrapper for a stream opened by subprocess.Popen()"""
 
     def __init__(self, proc, fp):
         self._proc = proc
         self._fp = fp
 
     def close(self):
         # unlike os.popen(), this returns an integer in subprocess coding
         self._fp.close()
         return self._proc.wait()
 
     def __iter__(self):
         return iter(self._fp)
 
     def __getattr__(self, attr):
         return getattr(self._fp, attr)
 
     def __enter__(self):
         return self
 
     def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb):
         self.close()
 
 
 def popen(cmd, mode=b'rb', bufsize=-1):
     if mode == b'rb':
         return _popenreader(cmd, bufsize)
     elif mode == b'wb':
         return _popenwriter(cmd, bufsize)
     raise error.ProgrammingError(b'unsupported mode: %r' % mode)
 
 
 def _popenreader(cmd, bufsize):
     p = subprocess.Popen(
         tonativestr(quotecommand(cmd)),
         shell=True,
         bufsize=bufsize,
         close_fds=closefds,
         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
     )
     return _pfile(p, p.stdout)
 
 
 def _popenwriter(cmd, bufsize):
     p = subprocess.Popen(
         tonativestr(quotecommand(cmd)),
         shell=True,
         bufsize=bufsize,
         close_fds=closefds,
         stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
     )
     return _pfile(p, p.stdin)
 
 
 def popen2(cmd, env=None):
     # Setting bufsize to -1 lets the system decide the buffer size.
     # The default for bufsize is 0, meaning unbuffered. This leads to
     # poor performance on Mac OS X: http://bugs.python.org/issue4194
     p = subprocess.Popen(
         tonativestr(cmd),
         shell=True,
         bufsize=-1,
         close_fds=closefds,
         stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
         env=tonativeenv(env),
     )
     return p.stdin, p.stdout
 
 
 def popen3(cmd, env=None):
     stdin, stdout, stderr, p = popen4(cmd, env)
     return stdin, stdout, stderr
 
 
 def popen4(cmd, env=None, bufsize=-1):
     p = subprocess.Popen(
         tonativestr(cmd),
         shell=True,
         bufsize=bufsize,
         close_fds=closefds,
         stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
         stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
         env=tonativeenv(env),
     )
     return p.stdin, p.stdout, p.stderr, p
 
 
 def pipefilter(s, cmd):
     '''filter string S through command CMD, returning its output'''
     p = subprocess.Popen(
         tonativestr(cmd),
         shell=True,
         close_fds=closefds,
         stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
     )
     pout, perr = p.communicate(s)
     return pout
 
 
 def tempfilter(s, cmd):
     '''filter string S through a pair of temporary files with CMD.
     CMD is used as a template to create the real command to be run,
     with the strings INFILE and OUTFILE replaced by the real names of
     the temporary files generated.'''
     inname, outname = None, None
     try:
         infd, inname = pycompat.mkstemp(prefix=b'hg-filter-in-')
         fp = os.fdopen(infd, 'wb')
         fp.write(s)
         fp.close()
         outfd, outname = pycompat.mkstemp(prefix=b'hg-filter-out-')
         os.close(outfd)
         cmd = cmd.replace(b'INFILE', inname)
         cmd = cmd.replace(b'OUTFILE', outname)
         code = system(cmd)
         if pycompat.sysplatform == b'OpenVMS' and code & 1:
             code = 0
         if code:
             raise error.Abort(
                 _(b"command '%s' failed: %s") % (cmd, explainexit(code))
             )
         with open(outname, b'rb') as fp:
             return fp.read()
     finally:
         try:
             if inname:
                 os.unlink(inname)
         except OSError:
             pass
         try:
             if outname:
                 os.unlink(outname)
         except OSError:
             pass
 
 
 _filtertable = {
     b'tempfile:': tempfilter,
     b'pipe:': pipefilter,
 }
 
 
 def filter(s, cmd):
     """filter a string through a command that transforms its input to its
     output"""
     for name, fn in pycompat.iteritems(_filtertable):
         if cmd.startswith(name):
             return fn(s, cmd[len(name) :].lstrip())
     return pipefilter(s, cmd)
 
 
 _hgexecutable = None
 
 
 def hgexecutable():
     """return location of the 'hg' executable.
 
     Defaults to $HG or 'hg' in the search path.
     """
     if _hgexecutable is None:
         hg = encoding.environ.get(b'HG')
         mainmod = sys.modules['__main__']
         if hg:
             _sethgexecutable(hg)
         elif resourceutil.mainfrozen():
             if getattr(sys, 'frozen', None) == 'macosx_app':
                 # Env variable set by py2app
                 _sethgexecutable(encoding.environ[b'EXECUTABLEPATH'])
             else:
                 _sethgexecutable(pycompat.sysexecutable)
         elif (
             not pycompat.iswindows
             and os.path.basename(getattr(mainmod, '__file__', '')) == 'hg'
         ):
             _sethgexecutable(pycompat.fsencode(mainmod.__file__))
         else:
             _sethgexecutable(
                 findexe(b'hg') or os.path.basename(pycompat.sysargv[0])
             )
     return _hgexecutable
 
 
 def _sethgexecutable(path):
     """set location of the 'hg' executable"""
     global _hgexecutable
     _hgexecutable = path
 
 
 def _testfileno(f, stdf):
     fileno = getattr(f, 'fileno', None)
     try:
         return fileno and fileno() == stdf.fileno()
     except io.UnsupportedOperation:
         return False  # fileno() raised UnsupportedOperation
 
 
 def isstdin(f):
     return _testfileno(f, sys.__stdin__)
 
 
 def isstdout(f):
     return _testfileno(f, sys.__stdout__)
 
 
 def protectstdio(uin, uout):
     """Duplicate streams and redirect original if (uin, uout) are stdio
 
     If uin is stdin, it's redirected to /dev/null. If uout is stdout, it's
     redirected to stderr so the output is still readable.
 
     Returns (fin, fout) which point to the original (uin, uout) fds, but
     may be copy of (uin, uout). The returned streams can be considered
     "owned" in that print(), exec(), etc. never reach to them.
     """
     uout.flush()
     fin, fout = uin, uout
     if _testfileno(uin, stdin):
         newfd = os.dup(uin.fileno())
         nullfd = os.open(os.devnull, os.O_RDONLY)
         os.dup2(nullfd, uin.fileno())
         os.close(nullfd)
         fin = os.fdopen(newfd, 'rb')
     if _testfileno(uout, stdout):
         newfd = os.dup(uout.fileno())
         os.dup2(stderr.fileno(), uout.fileno())
         fout = os.fdopen(newfd, 'wb')
     return fin, fout
 
 
 def restorestdio(uin, uout, fin, fout):
     """Restore (uin, uout) streams from possibly duplicated (fin, fout)"""
     uout.flush()
     for f, uif in [(fin, uin), (fout, uout)]:
         if f is not uif:
             os.dup2(f.fileno(), uif.fileno())
             f.close()
 
 
 def shellenviron(environ=None):
     """return environ with optional override, useful for shelling out"""
 
     def py2shell(val):
         """convert python object into string that is useful to shell"""
         if val is None or val is False:
             return b'0'
         if val is True:
             return b'1'
         return pycompat.bytestr(val)
 
     env = dict(encoding.environ)
     if environ:
         env.update((k, py2shell(v)) for k, v in pycompat.iteritems(environ))
     env[b'HG'] = hgexecutable()
     return env
 
 
 if pycompat.iswindows:
 
     def shelltonative(cmd, env):
         return platform.shelltocmdexe(  # pytype: disable=module-attr
             cmd, shellenviron(env)
         )
 
     tonativestr = encoding.strfromlocal
 else:
 
     def shelltonative(cmd, env):
         return cmd
 
     tonativestr = pycompat.identity
 
 
 def tonativeenv(env):
     '''convert the environment from bytes to strings suitable for Popen(), etc.
     '''
     return pycompat.rapply(tonativestr, env)
 
 
 def system(cmd, environ=None, cwd=None, out=None):
     '''enhanced shell command execution.
     run with environment maybe modified, maybe in different dir.
 
     if out is specified, it is assumed to be a file-like object that has a
     write() method. stdout and stderr will be redirected to out.'''
     try:
         stdout.flush()
     except Exception:
         pass
     cmd = quotecommand(cmd)
     env = shellenviron(environ)
     if out is None or isstdout(out):
         rc = subprocess.call(
             tonativestr(cmd),
             shell=True,
             close_fds=closefds,
             env=tonativeenv(env),
             cwd=pycompat.rapply(tonativestr, cwd),
         )
     else:
         proc = subprocess.Popen(
             tonativestr(cmd),
             shell=True,
             close_fds=closefds,
             env=tonativeenv(env),
             cwd=pycompat.rapply(tonativestr, cwd),
             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
             stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
         )
         for line in iter(proc.stdout.readline, b''):
             out.write(line)
         proc.wait()
         rc = proc.returncode
     if pycompat.sysplatform == b'OpenVMS' and rc & 1:
         rc = 0
     return rc
 
 
 _is_gui = None
 
 
 def _gui():
     '''Are we running in a GUI?'''
     if pycompat.isdarwin:
         if b'SSH_CONNECTION' in encoding.environ:
             # handle SSH access to a box where the user is logged in
             return False
         elif getattr(osutil, 'isgui', None):
             # check if a CoreGraphics session is available
             return osutil.isgui()
         else:
             # pure build; use a safe default
             return True
     else:
         return pycompat.iswindows or encoding.environ.get(b"DISPLAY")
 
 
 def gui():
     global _is_gui
     if _is_gui is None:
         _is_gui = _gui()
     return _is_gui
 
 
 def hgcmd():
     """Return the command used to execute current hg
 
     This is different from hgexecutable() because on Windows we want
     to avoid things opening new shell windows like batch files, so we
     get either the python call or current executable.
     """
     if resourceutil.mainfrozen():
         if getattr(sys, 'frozen', None) == 'macosx_app':
             # Env variable set by py2app
             return [encoding.environ[b'EXECUTABLEPATH']]
         else:
             return [pycompat.sysexecutable]
     return _gethgcmd()
 
 
 def rundetached(args, condfn):
     """Execute the argument list in a detached process.
 
     condfn is a callable which is called repeatedly and should return
     True once the child process is known to have started successfully.
     At this point, the child process PID is returned. If the child
     process fails to start or finishes before condfn() evaluates to
     True, return -1.
     """
     # Windows case is easier because the child process is either
     # successfully starting and validating the condition or exiting
     # on failure. We just poll on its PID. On Unix, if the child
     # process fails to start, it will be left in a zombie state until
     # the parent wait on it, which we cannot do since we expect a long
     # running process on success. Instead we listen for SIGCHLD telling
     # us our child process terminated.
     terminated = set()
 
     def handler(signum, frame):
         terminated.add(os.wait())
 
     prevhandler = None
     SIGCHLD = getattr(signal, 'SIGCHLD', None)
     if SIGCHLD is not None:
         prevhandler = signal.signal(SIGCHLD, handler)
     try:
         pid = spawndetached(args)
         while not condfn():
             if (pid in terminated or not testpid(pid)) and not condfn():
                 return -1
             time.sleep(0.1)
         return pid
     finally:
         if prevhandler is not None:
             signal.signal(signal.SIGCHLD, prevhandler)
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
 def uninterruptible(warn):
     """Inhibit SIGINT handling on a region of code.
 
     Note that if this is called in a non-main thread, it turns into a no-op.
 
     Args:
       warn: A callable which takes no arguments, and returns True if the
             previous signal handling should be restored.
     """
 
     oldsiginthandler = [signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT)]
     shouldbail = []
 
     def disabledsiginthandler(*args):
         if warn():
             signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, oldsiginthandler[0])
             del oldsiginthandler[0]
         shouldbail.append(True)
 
     try:
         try:
             signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, disabledsiginthandler)
         except ValueError:
             # wrong thread, oh well, we tried
             del oldsiginthandler[0]
         yield
     finally:
         if oldsiginthandler:
             signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, oldsiginthandler[0])
         if shouldbail:
             raise KeyboardInterrupt
 
 
 if pycompat.iswindows:
     # no fork on Windows, but we can create a detached process
     # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms684863.aspx
     # No stdlib constant exists for this value
     DETACHED_PROCESS = 0x00000008
     # Following creation flags might create a console GUI window.
     # Using subprocess.CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE might helps.
     # See https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D1701 for discussion
     _creationflags = (
         DETACHED_PROCESS
         | subprocess.CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP  # pytype: disable=module-attr
     )
 
     def runbgcommand(
         script,
         env,
         shell=False,
         stdout=None,
         stderr=None,
         ensurestart=True,
         record_wait=None,
     ):
         '''Spawn a command without waiting for it to finish.'''
         # we can't use close_fds *and* redirect stdin. I'm not sure that we
         # need to because the detached process has no console connection.
         p = subprocess.Popen(
             tonativestr(script),
             shell=shell,
             env=tonativeenv(env),
             close_fds=True,
             creationflags=_creationflags,
             stdout=stdout,
             stderr=stderr,
         )
         if record_wait is not None:
             record_wait(p.wait)
 
 
 else:
 
     def runbgcommand(
         cmd,
         env,
         shell=False,
         stdout=None,
         stderr=None,
         ensurestart=True,
         record_wait=None,
     ):
         '''Spawn a command without waiting for it to finish.
 
 
         When `record_wait` is not None, the spawned process will not be fully
         detached and the `record_wait` argument will be called with a the
         `Subprocess.wait` function for the spawned process.  This is mostly
         useful for developers that need to make sure the spawned process
         finished before a certain point. (eg: writing test)'''
         if pycompat.isdarwin:
             # avoid crash in CoreFoundation in case another thread
             # calls gui() while we're calling fork().
             gui()
 
         # double-fork to completely detach from the parent process
         # based on http://code.activestate.com/recipes/278731
         if record_wait is None:
             pid = os.fork()
             if pid:
                 if not ensurestart:
+                    # Even though we're not waiting on the child process,
+                    # we still must call waitpid() on it at some point so
+                    # it's not a zombie/defunct. This is especially relevant for
+                    # chg since the parent process won't die anytime soon.
+                    # We use a thread to make the overhead tiny.
+                    def _do_wait():
+                        os.waitpid(pid, 0)
+                    threading.Thread(target=_do_wait, daemon=True).start()
                     return
                 # Parent process
                 (_pid, status) = os.waitpid(pid, 0)
                 if os.WIFEXITED(status):
                     returncode = os.WEXITSTATUS(status)
                 else:
                     returncode = -(os.WTERMSIG(status))
                 if returncode != 0:
                     # The child process's return code is 0 on success, an errno
                     # value on failure, or 255 if we don't have a valid errno
                     # value.
                     #
                     # (It would be slightly nicer to return the full exception info
                     # over a pipe as the subprocess module does.  For now it
                     # doesn't seem worth adding that complexity here, though.)
                     if returncode == 255:
                         returncode = errno.EINVAL
                     raise OSError(
                         returncode,
                         b'error running %r: %s'
                         % (cmd, os.strerror(returncode)),
                     )
                 return
 
         returncode = 255
         try:
             if record_wait is None:
                 # Start a new session
                 os.setsid()
 
             stdin = open(os.devnull, b'r')
             if stdout is None:
                 stdout = open(os.devnull, b'w')
             if stderr is None:
                 stderr = open(os.devnull, b'w')
 
             # connect stdin to devnull to make sure the subprocess can't
             # muck up that stream for mercurial.
             p = subprocess.Popen(
                 cmd,
                 shell=shell,
                 env=env,
                 close_fds=True,
                 stdin=stdin,
                 stdout=stdout,
                 stderr=stderr,
             )
             if record_wait is not None:
                 record_wait(p.wait)
             returncode = 0
         except EnvironmentError as ex:
             returncode = ex.errno & 0xFF
             if returncode == 0:
                 # This shouldn't happen, but just in case make sure the
                 # return code is never 0 here.
                 returncode = 255
         except Exception:
             returncode = 255
         finally:
             # mission accomplished, this child needs to exit and not
             # continue the hg process here.
             if record_wait is None:
                 os._exit(returncode)