aliases: provide more flexible ways to work with shell alias arguments

This patch changes the functionality of shell aliases to add more powerful
options for working with shell alias arguments.

First: the alias name + arguments to a shell alias are set as an HG_ARGS
environment variable, delimited by spaces. This matches the behavior of hooks.

Second: any occurrences of "$@" (without quotes) are replaced with the
arguments, separated by spaces. This happens *before* the alias gets to the shell.

Third: any positive numeric variables ("$1", "$2", etc) are replaced with the
appropriate argument, indexed from 1. "$0" is replaced with the name of the
alias. Any "extra" numeric variables are replaced with an empty string.  This
happens *before* the alias gets to the shell.

These changes allow for more flexible shell aliases:

    [alias]
    echo = !echo $@
    count = !hg log -r "$@" --template='.' | wc -c | sed -e 's/ //g'
    qqueuemv = !mv "`hg root`/.hg/patches-$1" "`hg root`/.hg/patches-$2"

In action:

    $ hg echo foo
    foo

    $ hg count 'branch(default)'
    901

    $ hg count 'branch(stable) and keyword(fixes)'
    102

    $ hg qqueuemv myfeature somefeature

mercurial/dispatch.py

@@ -1,569 +1,582 b''
 # dispatch.py - command dispatching for mercurial
 #
 # Copyright 2005-2007 Matt Mackall <[e-mail]>
 #
 # This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
 # GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
 
 from i18n import _
-import os, sys, atexit, signal, pdb, socket, errno, shlex, time, traceback
+import os, sys, atexit, signal, pdb, socket, errno, shlex, time, traceback, re
 import util, commands, hg, fancyopts, extensions, hook, error
 import cmdutil, encoding
 import ui as uimod
 
 def run():
     "run the command in sys.argv"
     sys.exit(dispatch(sys.argv[1:]))
 
 def dispatch(args):
     "run the command specified in args"
     try:
         u = uimod.ui()
         if '--traceback' in args:
             u.setconfig('ui', 'traceback', 'on')
     except util.Abort, inst:
         sys.stderr.write(_("abort: %s\n") % inst)
         if inst.hint:
             sys.stderr.write(_("(%s)\n") % inst.hint)
         return -1
     except error.ParseError, inst:
         if len(inst.args) > 1:
             sys.stderr.write(_("hg: parse error at %s: %s\n") %
                              (inst.args[1], inst.args[0]))
         else:
             sys.stderr.write(_("hg: parse error: %s\n") % inst.args[0])
         return -1
     return _runcatch(u, args)
 
 def _runcatch(ui, args):
     def catchterm(*args):
         raise error.SignalInterrupt
 
     try:
         for name in 'SIGBREAK', 'SIGHUP', 'SIGTERM':
             num = getattr(signal, name, None)
             if num:
                 signal.signal(num, catchterm)
     except ValueError:
         pass # happens if called in a thread
 
     try:
         try:
             # enter the debugger before command execution
             if '--debugger' in args:
                 ui.warn(_("entering debugger - "
                         "type c to continue starting hg or h for help\n"))
                 pdb.set_trace()
             try:
                 return _dispatch(ui, args)
             finally:
                 ui.flush()
         except:
             # enter the debugger when we hit an exception
             if '--debugger' in args:
                 traceback.print_exc()
                 pdb.post_mortem(sys.exc_info()[2])
             ui.traceback()
             raise
 
     # Global exception handling, alphabetically
     # Mercurial-specific first, followed by built-in and library exceptions
     except error.AmbiguousCommand, inst:
         ui.warn(_("hg: command '%s' is ambiguous:\n    %s\n") %
                 (inst.args[0], " ".join(inst.args[1])))
     except error.ParseError, inst:
         if len(inst.args) > 1:
             ui.warn(_("hg: parse error at %s: %s\n") %
                              (inst.args[1], inst.args[0]))
         else:
             ui.warn(_("hg: parse error: %s\n") % inst.args[0])
         return -1
     except error.LockHeld, inst:
         if inst.errno == errno.ETIMEDOUT:
             reason = _('timed out waiting for lock held by %s') % inst.locker
         else:
             reason = _('lock held by %s') % inst.locker
         ui.warn(_("abort: %s: %s\n") % (inst.desc or inst.filename, reason))
     except error.LockUnavailable, inst:
         ui.warn(_("abort: could not lock %s: %s\n") %
                (inst.desc or inst.filename, inst.strerror))
     except error.CommandError, inst:
         if inst.args[0]:
             ui.warn(_("hg %s: %s\n") % (inst.args[0], inst.args[1]))
             commands.help_(ui, inst.args[0])
         else:
             ui.warn(_("hg: %s\n") % inst.args[1])
             commands.help_(ui, 'shortlist')
     except error.RepoError, inst:
         ui.warn(_("abort: %s!\n") % inst)
     except error.ResponseError, inst:
         ui.warn(_("abort: %s") % inst.args[0])
         if not isinstance(inst.args[1], basestring):
             ui.warn(" %r\n" % (inst.args[1],))
         elif not inst.args[1]:
             ui.warn(_(" empty string\n"))
         else:
             ui.warn("\n%r\n" % util.ellipsis(inst.args[1]))
     except error.RevlogError, inst:
         ui.warn(_("abort: %s!\n") % inst)
     except error.SignalInterrupt:
         ui.warn(_("killed!\n"))
     except error.UnknownCommand, inst:
         ui.warn(_("hg: unknown command '%s'\n") % inst.args[0])
         try:
             # check if the command is in a disabled extension
             # (but don't check for extensions themselves)
             commands.help_(ui, inst.args[0], unknowncmd=True)
         except error.UnknownCommand:
             commands.help_(ui, 'shortlist')
     except util.Abort, inst:
         ui.warn(_("abort: %s\n") % inst)
         if inst.hint:
             ui.warn(_("(%s)\n") % inst.hint)
     except ImportError, inst:
         ui.warn(_("abort: %s!\n") % inst)
         m = str(inst).split()[-1]
         if m in "mpatch bdiff".split():
             ui.warn(_("(did you forget to compile extensions?)\n"))
         elif m in "zlib".split():
             ui.warn(_("(is your Python install correct?)\n"))
     except IOError, inst:
         if hasattr(inst, "code"):
             ui.warn(_("abort: %s\n") % inst)
         elif hasattr(inst, "reason"):
             try: # usually it is in the form (errno, strerror)
                 reason = inst.reason.args[1]
             except: # it might be anything, for example a string
                 reason = inst.reason
             ui.warn(_("abort: error: %s\n") % reason)
         elif hasattr(inst, "args") and inst.args[0] == errno.EPIPE:
             if ui.debugflag:
                 ui.warn(_("broken pipe\n"))
         elif getattr(inst, "strerror", None):
             if getattr(inst, "filename", None):
                 ui.warn(_("abort: %s: %s\n") % (inst.strerror, inst.filename))
             else:
                 ui.warn(_("abort: %s\n") % inst.strerror)
         else:
             raise
     except OSError, inst:
         if getattr(inst, "filename", None):
             ui.warn(_("abort: %s: %s\n") % (inst.strerror, inst.filename))
         else:
             ui.warn(_("abort: %s\n") % inst.strerror)
     except KeyboardInterrupt:
         try:
             ui.warn(_("interrupted!\n"))
         except IOError, inst:
             if inst.errno == errno.EPIPE:
                 if ui.debugflag:
                     ui.warn(_("\nbroken pipe\n"))
             else:
                 raise
     except MemoryError:
         ui.warn(_("abort: out of memory\n"))
     except SystemExit, inst:
         # Commands shouldn't sys.exit directly, but give a return code.
         # Just in case catch this and and pass exit code to caller.
         return inst.code
     except socket.error, inst:
         ui.warn(_("abort: %s\n") % inst.args[-1])
     except:
         ui.warn(_("** unknown exception encountered, details follow\n"))
         ui.warn(_("** report bug details to "
                  "http://mercurial.selenic.com/bts/\n"))
         ui.warn(_("** or [e-mail]\n"))
         ui.warn(_("** Python %s\n") % sys.version.replace('\n', ''))
         ui.warn(_("** Mercurial Distributed SCM (version %s)\n")
                % util.version())
         ui.warn(_("** Extensions loaded: %s\n")
                % ", ".join([x[0] for x in extensions.extensions()]))
         raise
 
     return -1
 
 def aliasargs(fn):
     if hasattr(fn, 'args'):
         return fn.args
     return []
 
 class cmdalias(object):
     def __init__(self, name, definition, cmdtable):
         self.name = name
         self.definition = definition
         self.args = []
         self.opts = []
         self.help = ''
         self.norepo = True
         self.badalias = False
 
         try:
             cmdutil.findcmd(self.name, cmdtable, True)
             self.shadows = True
         except error.UnknownCommand:
             self.shadows = False
 
         if not self.definition:
             def fn(ui, *args):
                 ui.warn(_("no definition for alias '%s'\n") % self.name)
                 return 1
             self.fn = fn
             self.badalias = True
 
             return
 
         if self.definition.startswith('!'):
             def fn(ui, *args):
-                cmd = '%s %s' % (self.definition[1:], ' '.join(args))
-                return util.system(cmd)
+                env = {'HG_ARGS': ' '.join((self.name,) + args)}
+                def _checkvar(m):
+                    if int(m.groups()[0]) <= len(args):
+                        return m.group()
+                    else:
+                        return ''
+                cmd = re.sub(r'\$(\d+)', _checkvar, self.definition[1:])
+                replace = dict((str(i + 1), arg) for i, arg in enumerate(args))
+                replace['0'] = self.name
+                replace['@'] = ' '.join(args)
+                cmd = util.interpolate(r'\$', replace, cmd)
+                return util.system(cmd, environ=env)
             self.fn = fn
             return
 
         args = shlex.split(self.definition)
         cmd = args.pop(0)
         args = map(util.expandpath, args)
 
         for invalidarg in ("--cwd", "-R", "--repository", "--repo"):
             if _earlygetopt([invalidarg], args):
                 def fn(ui, *args):
                     ui.warn(_("error in definition for alias '%s': %s may only "
                               "be given on the command line\n")
                             % (self.name, invalidarg))
                     return 1
 
                 self.fn = fn
                 self.badalias = True
                 return
 
         try:
             tableentry = cmdutil.findcmd(cmd, cmdtable, False)[1]
             if len(tableentry) > 2:
                 self.fn, self.opts, self.help = tableentry
             else:
                 self.fn, self.opts = tableentry
 
             self.args = aliasargs(self.fn) + args
             if cmd not in commands.norepo.split(' '):
                 self.norepo = False
             if self.help.startswith("hg " + cmd):
                 # drop prefix in old-style help lines so hg shows the alias
                 self.help = self.help[4 + len(cmd):]
             self.__doc__ = self.fn.__doc__
 
         except error.UnknownCommand:
             def fn(ui, *args):
                 ui.warn(_("alias '%s' resolves to unknown command '%s'\n") \
                             % (self.name, cmd))
                 try:
                     # check if the command is in a disabled extension
                     commands.help_(ui, cmd, unknowncmd=True)
                 except error.UnknownCommand:
                     pass
                 return 1
             self.fn = fn
             self.badalias = True
         except error.AmbiguousCommand:
             def fn(ui, *args):
                 ui.warn(_("alias '%s' resolves to ambiguous command '%s'\n") \
                             % (self.name, cmd))
                 return 1
             self.fn = fn
             self.badalias = True
 
     def __call__(self, ui, *args, **opts):
         if self.shadows:
             ui.debug("alias '%s' shadows command\n" % self.name)
 
+        if self.definition.startswith('!'):
+            return self.fn(ui, *args, **opts)
+        else:
         return util.checksignature(self.fn)(ui, *args, **opts)
 
 def addaliases(ui, cmdtable):
     # aliases are processed after extensions have been loaded, so they
     # may use extension commands. Aliases can also use other alias definitions,
     # but only if they have been defined prior to the current definition.
     for alias, definition in ui.configitems('alias'):
         aliasdef = cmdalias(alias, definition, cmdtable)
         cmdtable[alias] = (aliasdef, aliasdef.opts, aliasdef.help)
         if aliasdef.norepo:
             commands.norepo += ' %s' % alias
 
 def _parse(ui, args):
     options = {}
     cmdoptions = {}
 
     try:
         args = fancyopts.fancyopts(args, commands.globalopts, options)
     except fancyopts.getopt.GetoptError, inst:
         raise error.CommandError(None, inst)
 
     if args:
         cmd, args = args[0], args[1:]
         aliases, entry = cmdutil.findcmd(cmd, commands.table,
                                      ui.config("ui", "strict"))
         cmd = aliases[0]
         args = aliasargs(entry[0]) + args
         defaults = ui.config("defaults", cmd)
         if defaults:
             args = map(util.expandpath, shlex.split(defaults)) + args
         c = list(entry[1])
     else:
         cmd = None
         c = []
 
     # combine global options into local
     for o in commands.globalopts:
         c.append((o[0], o[1], options[o[1]], o[3]))
 
     try:
         args = fancyopts.fancyopts(args, c, cmdoptions, True)
     except fancyopts.getopt.GetoptError, inst:
         raise error.CommandError(cmd, inst)
 
     # separate global options back out
     for o in commands.globalopts:
         n = o[1]
         options[n] = cmdoptions[n]
         del cmdoptions[n]
 
     return (cmd, cmd and entry[0] or None, args, options, cmdoptions)
 
 def _parseconfig(ui, config):
     """parse the --config options from the command line"""
     for cfg in config:
         try:
             name, value = cfg.split('=', 1)
             section, name = name.split('.', 1)
             if not section or not name:
                 raise IndexError
             ui.setconfig(section, name, value)
         except (IndexError, ValueError):
             raise util.Abort(_('malformed --config option: %r '
                                '(use --config section.name=value)') % cfg)
 
 def _earlygetopt(aliases, args):
     """Return list of values for an option (or aliases).
 
     The values are listed in the order they appear in args.
     The options and values are removed from args.
     """
     try:
         argcount = args.index("--")
     except ValueError:
         argcount = len(args)
     shortopts = [opt for opt in aliases if len(opt) == 2]
     values = []
     pos = 0
     while pos < argcount:
         if args[pos] in aliases:
             if pos + 1 >= argcount:
                 # ignore and let getopt report an error if there is no value
                 break
             del args[pos]
             values.append(args.pop(pos))
             argcount -= 2
         elif args[pos][:2] in shortopts:
             # short option can have no following space, e.g. hg log -Rfoo
             values.append(args.pop(pos)[2:])
             argcount -= 1
         else:
             pos += 1
     return values
 
 def runcommand(lui, repo, cmd, fullargs, ui, options, d, cmdpats, cmdoptions):
     # run pre-hook, and abort if it fails
     ret = hook.hook(lui, repo, "pre-%s" % cmd, False, args=" ".join(fullargs),
                     pats=cmdpats, opts=cmdoptions)
     if ret:
         return ret
     ret = _runcommand(ui, options, cmd, d)
     # run post-hook, passing command result
     hook.hook(lui, repo, "post-%s" % cmd, False, args=" ".join(fullargs),
               result=ret, pats=cmdpats, opts=cmdoptions)
     return ret
 
 _loaded = set()
 def _dispatch(ui, args):
     # read --config before doing anything else
     # (e.g. to change trust settings for reading .hg/hgrc)
     _parseconfig(ui, _earlygetopt(['--config'], args))
 
     # check for cwd
     cwd = _earlygetopt(['--cwd'], args)
     if cwd:
         os.chdir(cwd[-1])
 
     # read the local repository .hgrc into a local ui object
     try:
         wd = os.getcwd()
     except OSError, e:
         raise util.Abort(_("error getting current working directory: %s") %
                          e.strerror)
     path = cmdutil.findrepo(wd) or ""
     if not path:
         lui = ui
     else:
         try:
             lui = ui.copy()
             lui.readconfig(os.path.join(path, ".hg", "hgrc"))
         except IOError:
             pass
 
     # now we can expand paths, even ones in .hg/hgrc
     rpath = _earlygetopt(["-R", "--repository", "--repo"], args)
     if rpath:
         path = lui.expandpath(rpath[-1])
         lui = ui.copy()
         lui.readconfig(os.path.join(path, ".hg", "hgrc"))
 
     # Configure extensions in phases: uisetup, extsetup, cmdtable, and
     # reposetup. Programs like TortoiseHg will call _dispatch several
     # times so we keep track of configured extensions in _loaded.
     extensions.loadall(lui)
     exts = [ext for ext in extensions.extensions() if ext[0] not in _loaded]
     # Propagate any changes to lui.__class__ by extensions
     ui.__class__ = lui.__class__
 
     # (uisetup and extsetup are handled in extensions.loadall)
 
     for name, module in exts:
         cmdtable = getattr(module, 'cmdtable', {})
         overrides = [cmd for cmd in cmdtable if cmd in commands.table]
         if overrides:
             ui.warn(_("extension '%s' overrides commands: %s\n")
                     % (name, " ".join(overrides)))
         commands.table.update(cmdtable)
         _loaded.add(name)
 
     # (reposetup is handled in hg.repository)
 
     addaliases(lui, commands.table)
 
     # check for fallback encoding
     fallback = lui.config('ui', 'fallbackencoding')
     if fallback:
         encoding.fallbackencoding = fallback
 
     fullargs = args
     cmd, func, args, options, cmdoptions = _parse(lui, args)
 
     if options["config"]:
         raise util.Abort(_("Option --config may not be abbreviated!"))
     if options["cwd"]:
         raise util.Abort(_("Option --cwd may not be abbreviated!"))
     if options["repository"]:
         raise util.Abort(_(
             "Option -R has to be separated from other options (e.g. not -qR) "
             "and --repository may only be abbreviated as --repo!"))
 
     if options["encoding"]:
         encoding.encoding = options["encoding"]
     if options["encodingmode"]:
         encoding.encodingmode = options["encodingmode"]
     if options["time"]:
         def get_times():
             t = os.times()
             if t[4] == 0.0: # Windows leaves this as zero, so use time.clock()
                 t = (t[0], t[1], t[2], t[3], time.clock())
             return t
         s = get_times()
         def print_time():
             t = get_times()
             ui.warn(_("Time: real %.3f secs (user %.3f+%.3f sys %.3f+%.3f)\n") %
                 (t[4]-s[4], t[0]-s[0], t[2]-s[2], t[1]-s[1], t[3]-s[3]))
         atexit.register(print_time)
 
     if options['verbose'] or options['debug'] or options['quiet']:
         ui.setconfig('ui', 'verbose', str(bool(options['verbose'])))
         ui.setconfig('ui', 'debug', str(bool(options['debug'])))
         ui.setconfig('ui', 'quiet', str(bool(options['quiet'])))
     if options['traceback']:
         ui.setconfig('ui', 'traceback', 'on')
     if options['noninteractive']:
         ui.setconfig('ui', 'interactive', 'off')
 
     if options['help']:
         return commands.help_(ui, cmd, options['version'])
     elif options['version']:
         return commands.version_(ui)
     elif not cmd:
         return commands.help_(ui, 'shortlist')
 
     repo = None
     cmdpats = args[:]
     if cmd not in commands.norepo.split():
         try:
             repo = hg.repository(ui, path=path)
             ui = repo.ui
             if not repo.local():
                 raise util.Abort(_("repository '%s' is not local") % path)
             ui.setconfig("bundle", "mainreporoot", repo.root)
         except error.RepoError:
             if cmd not in commands.optionalrepo.split():
                 if args and not path: # try to infer -R from command args
                     repos = map(cmdutil.findrepo, args)
                     guess = repos[0]
                     if guess and repos.count(guess) == len(repos):
                         return _dispatch(ui, ['--repository', guess] + fullargs)
                 if not path:
                     raise error.RepoError(_("There is no Mercurial repository"
                                       " here (.hg not found)"))
                 raise
         args.insert(0, repo)
     elif rpath:
         ui.warn(_("warning: --repository ignored\n"))
 
     msg = ' '.join(' ' in a and repr(a) or a for a in fullargs)
     ui.log("command", msg + "\n")
     d = lambda: util.checksignature(func)(ui, *args, **cmdoptions)
     return runcommand(lui, repo, cmd, fullargs, ui, options, d,
                       cmdpats, cmdoptions)
 
 def _runcommand(ui, options, cmd, cmdfunc):
     def checkargs():
         try:
             return cmdfunc()
         except error.SignatureError:
             raise error.CommandError(cmd, _("invalid arguments"))
 
     if options['profile']:
         format = ui.config('profiling', 'format', default='text')
 
         if not format in ['text', 'kcachegrind']:
             ui.warn(_("unrecognized profiling format '%s'"
                         " - Ignored\n") % format)
             format = 'text'
 
         output = ui.config('profiling', 'output')
 
         if output:
             path = ui.expandpath(output)
             ostream = open(path, 'wb')
         else:
             ostream = sys.stderr
 
         try:
             from mercurial import lsprof
         except ImportError:
             raise util.Abort(_(
                 'lsprof not available - install from '
                 'http://codespeak.net/svn/user/arigo/hack/misc/lsprof/'))
         p = lsprof.Profiler()
         p.enable(subcalls=True)
         try:
             return checkargs()
         finally:
             p.disable()
 
             if format == 'kcachegrind':
                 import lsprofcalltree
                 calltree = lsprofcalltree.KCacheGrind(p)
                 calltree.output(ostream)
             else:
                 # format == 'text'
                 stats = lsprof.Stats(p.getstats())
                 stats.sort()
                 stats.pprint(top=10, file=ostream, climit=5)
 
             if output:
                 ostream.close()
     else:
         return checkargs()

tests/test-alias.t

@@ -1,170 +1,201 b''
   $ cat >> $HGRCPATH <<EOF
   > [alias]
   > myinit = init
   > cleanstatus = status -c
   > unknown = bargle
   > ambiguous = s
   > recursive = recursive
   > nodefinition =
   > no--cwd = status --cwd elsewhere
   > no-R = status -R elsewhere
   > no--repo = status --repo elsewhere
   > no--repository = status --repository elsewhere
   > mylog = log
   > lognull = log -r null
   > shortlog = log --template '{rev} {node|short} | {date|isodate}\n'
   > dln = lognull --debug
   > nousage = rollback
   > put = export -r 0 -o "\$FOO/%R.diff"
-  > echo = !echo
+  > blank = !echo
+  > self = !echo '\$0'
+  > echo = !echo '\$@'
+  > echo1 = !echo '\$1'
+  > echo2 = !echo '\$2'
+  > echo13 = !echo '\$1' '\$3'
+  > count = !hg log -r '\$@' --template='.' | wc -c | sed -e 's/ //g'
   > rt = root
   > 
   > [defaults]
   > mylog = -q
   > lognull = -q
   > log = -v
   > EOF
 
 
 basic
 
   $ hg myinit alias
 
 
 unknown
 
   $ hg unknown
   alias 'unknown' resolves to unknown command 'bargle'
   $ hg help unknown
   alias 'unknown' resolves to unknown command 'bargle'
 
 
 ambiguous
 
   $ hg ambiguous
   alias 'ambiguous' resolves to ambiguous command 's'
   $ hg help ambiguous
   alias 'ambiguous' resolves to ambiguous command 's'
 
 
 recursive
 
   $ hg recursive
   alias 'recursive' resolves to unknown command 'recursive'
   $ hg help recursive
   alias 'recursive' resolves to unknown command 'recursive'
 
 
 no definition
 
   $ hg nodef
   no definition for alias 'nodefinition'
   $ hg help nodef
   no definition for alias 'nodefinition'
 
 
 invalid options
 
   $ hg no--cwd
   error in definition for alias 'no--cwd': --cwd may only be given on the command line
   $ hg help no--cwd
   error in definition for alias 'no--cwd': --cwd may only be given on the command line
   $ hg no-R
   error in definition for alias 'no-R': -R may only be given on the command line
   $ hg help no-R
   error in definition for alias 'no-R': -R may only be given on the command line
   $ hg no--repo
   error in definition for alias 'no--repo': --repo may only be given on the command line
   $ hg help no--repo
   error in definition for alias 'no--repo': --repo may only be given on the command line
   $ hg no--repository
   error in definition for alias 'no--repository': --repository may only be given on the command line
   $ hg help no--repository
   error in definition for alias 'no--repository': --repository may only be given on the command line
 
   $ cd alias
 
 
 no usage
 
   $ hg nousage
   no rollback information available
 
   $ echo foo > foo
   $ hg ci -Amfoo
   adding foo
 
 
 with opts
 
   $ hg cleanst
   C foo
 
 
 with opts and whitespace
 
   $ hg shortlog
   0 e63c23eaa88a | 1970-01-01 00:00 +0000
 
 
 interaction with defaults
 
   $ hg mylog
   0:e63c23eaa88a
   $ hg lognull
   -1:000000000000
 
 
 properly recursive
 
   $ hg dln
   changeset:   -1:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
   parent:      -1:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
   parent:      -1:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
   manifest:    -1:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
   user:        
   date:        Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
   extra:       branch=default
   
 
 
 path expanding
 
   $ FOO=`pwd` hg put
   $ cat 0.diff
   # HG changeset patch
   # User test
   # Date 0 0
   # Node ID e63c23eaa88ae77967edcf4ea194d31167c478b0
   # Parent  0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
   foo
   
   diff -r 000000000000 -r e63c23eaa88a foo
   --- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
   +++ b/foo	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
   @@ -0,0 +1,1 @@
   +foo
 
 
-shell aliases
+simple shell aliases
+
+  $ hg blank
 
+  $ hg blank foo
+  
+  $ hg echo
+  
+  $ hg self
+  self
   $ hg echo foo
   foo
+  $ hg echo 'test $2' foo
+  test $2 foo
+  $ hg echo1 foo bar baz
+  foo
+  $ hg echo2 foo bar baz
+  bar
+  $ hg echo13 foo bar baz test
+  foo baz
+  $ hg echo2 foo
+  
+  $ echo bar > bar
+  $ hg ci -qA -m bar
+  $ hg count .
+  1
+  $ hg count 'branch(default)'
+  2
+
 
 invalid arguments
 
   $ hg rt foo
   hg rt: invalid arguments
   hg rt 
   
   alias for: hg root
   
   print the root (top) of the current working directory
   
       Print the root directory of the current repository.
   
       Returns 0 on success.
   
   use "hg -v help rt" to show global options
 
   $ exit 0