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Subrepositories let you nest external repositories or projects into a
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parent Mercurial repository, and make commands operate on them as a
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group.
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Mercurial currently supports Mercurial, Git, and Subversion
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subrepositories.
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Subrepositories are made of three components:
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1. Nested repository checkouts. They can appear anywhere in the
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parent working directory.
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2. Nested repository references. They are defined in ``.hgsub``, which
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should be placed in the root of working directory, and
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tell where the subrepository checkouts come from. Mercurial
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subrepositories are referenced like::
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path/to/nested = https://example.com/nested/repo/path
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Git and Subversion subrepos are also supported::
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path/to/nested = [git]git://example.com/nested/repo/path
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path/to/nested = [svn]https://example.com/nested/trunk/path
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where ``path/to/nested`` is the checkout location relatively to the
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parent Mercurial root, and ``https://example.com/nested/repo/path``
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is the source repository path. The source can also reference a
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filesystem path.
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Note that ``.hgsub`` does not exist by default in Mercurial
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repositories, you have to create and add it to the parent
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repository before using subrepositories.
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3. Nested repository states. They are defined in ``.hgsubstate``, which
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is placed in the root of working directory, and
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capture whatever information is required to restore the
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subrepositories to the state they were committed in a parent
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repository changeset. Mercurial automatically record the nested
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repositories states when committing in the parent repository.
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.. note::
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The ``.hgsubstate`` file should not be edited manually.
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Adding a Subrepository
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======================
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If ``.hgsub`` does not exist, create it and add it to the parent
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repository. Clone or checkout the external projects where you want it
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to live in the parent repository. Edit ``.hgsub`` and add the
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subrepository entry as described above. At this point, the
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subrepository is tracked and the next commit will record its state in
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``.hgsubstate`` and bind it to the committed changeset.
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Synchronizing a Subrepository
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=============================
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Subrepos do not automatically track the latest changeset of their
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sources. Instead, they are updated to the changeset that corresponds
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with the changeset checked out in the top-level changeset. This is so
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developers always get a consistent set of compatible code and
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libraries when they update.
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Thus, updating subrepos is a manual process. Simply check out target
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subrepo at the desired revision, test in the top-level repo, then
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commit in the parent repository to record the new combination.
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Deleting a Subrepository
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========================
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To remove a subrepository from the parent repository, delete its
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reference from ``.hgsub``, then remove its files.
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Interaction with Mercurial Commands
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===================================
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:add: add does not recurse in subrepos unless -S/--subrepos is
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specified. However, if you specify the full path of a file in a
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subrepo, it will be added even without -S/--subrepos specified.
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Subversion subrepositories are currently silently
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ignored.
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:addremove: addremove does not recurse into subrepos unless
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-S/--subrepos is specified. However, if you specify the full
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path of a directory in a subrepo, addremove will be performed on
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it even without -S/--subrepos being specified. Git and
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Subversion subrepositories will print a warning and continue.
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:archive: archive does not recurse in subrepositories unless
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-S/--subrepos is specified.
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:cat: cat currently only handles exact file matches in subrepos.
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Subversion subrepositories are currently ignored.
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:commit: commit creates a consistent snapshot of the state of the
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entire project and its subrepositories. If any subrepositories
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have been modified, Mercurial will abort. Mercurial can be made
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to instead commit all modified subrepositories by specifying
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-S/--subrepos, or setting "ui.commitsubrepos=True" in a
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configuration file (see :hg:`help config`). After there are no
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longer any modified subrepositories, it records their state and
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finally commits it in the parent repository. The --addremove
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option also honors the -S/--subrepos option. However, Git and
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Subversion subrepositories will print a warning and abort.
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:diff: diff does not recurse in subrepos unless -S/--subrepos is
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specified. Changes are displayed as usual, on the subrepositories
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elements. Subversion subrepositories are currently silently ignored.
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:files: files does not recurse into subrepos unless -S/--subrepos is
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specified. However, if you specify the full path of a file or
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directory in a subrepo, it will be displayed even without
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-S/--subrepos being specified. Git and Subversion subrepositories
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are currently silently ignored.
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:forget: forget currently only handles exact file matches in subrepos.
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Git and Subversion subrepositories are currently silently ignored.
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:incoming: incoming does not recurse in subrepos unless -S/--subrepos
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is specified. Git and Subversion subrepositories are currently
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silently ignored.
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:outgoing: outgoing does not recurse in subrepos unless -S/--subrepos
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is specified. Git and Subversion subrepositories are currently
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silently ignored.
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:pull: pull is not recursive since it is not clear what to pull prior
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to running :hg:`update`. Listing and retrieving all
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subrepositories changes referenced by the parent repository pulled
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changesets is expensive at best, impossible in the Subversion
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case.
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:push: Mercurial will automatically push all subrepositories first
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when the parent repository is being pushed. This ensures new
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subrepository changes are available when referenced by top-level
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repositories. Push is a no-op for Subversion subrepositories.
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:serve: serve does not recurse into subrepositories unless
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-S/--subrepos is specified. Git and Subversion subrepositories
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are currently silently ignored.
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:status: status does not recurse into subrepositories unless
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-S/--subrepos is specified. Subrepository changes are displayed as
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regular Mercurial changes on the subrepository
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elements. Subversion subrepositories are currently silently
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ignored.
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:remove: remove does not recurse into subrepositories unless
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-S/--subrepos is specified. However, if you specify a file or
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directory path in a subrepo, it will be removed even without
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-S/--subrepos. Git and Subversion subrepositories are currently
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silently ignored.
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:update: update restores the subrepos in the state they were
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originally committed in target changeset. If the recorded
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changeset is not available in the current subrepository, Mercurial
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will pull it in first before updating. This means that updating
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can require network access when using subrepositories.
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Remapping Subrepositories Sources
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=================================
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A subrepository source location may change during a project life,
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invalidating references stored in the parent repository history. To
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fix this, rewriting rules can be defined in parent repository ``hgrc``
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file or in Mercurial configuration. See the ``[subpaths]`` section in
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hgrc(5) for more details.
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