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# Copyright 2010, Google Inc.
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# All rights reserved.
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#
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# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
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# met:
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#
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# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
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# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
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# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
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# distribution.
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# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
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# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
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# this software without specific prior written permission.
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# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
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# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
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# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
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# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
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# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
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# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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"""Improved HTTP/1.1 client library
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This library contains an HTTPConnection which is similar to the one in
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httplib, but has several additional features:
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* supports keepalives natively
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* uses select() to block for incoming data
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* notices when the server responds early to a request
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* implements ssl inline instead of in a different class
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"""
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import cStringIO
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import errno
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import httplib
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import logging
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import rfc822
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import select
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import socket
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import _readers
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import socketutil
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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__all__ = ['HTTPConnection', 'HTTPResponse']
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HTTP_VER_1_0 = 'HTTP/1.0'
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HTTP_VER_1_1 = 'HTTP/1.1'
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OUTGOING_BUFFER_SIZE = 1 << 15
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INCOMING_BUFFER_SIZE = 1 << 20
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HDR_ACCEPT_ENCODING = 'accept-encoding'
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HDR_CONNECTION_CTRL = 'connection'
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HDR_CONTENT_LENGTH = 'content-length'
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HDR_XFER_ENCODING = 'transfer-encoding'
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XFER_ENCODING_CHUNKED = 'chunked'
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CONNECTION_CLOSE = 'close'
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EOL = '\r\n'
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_END_HEADERS = EOL * 2
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# Based on some searching around, 1 second seems like a reasonable
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# default here.
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TIMEOUT_ASSUME_CONTINUE = 1
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TIMEOUT_DEFAULT = None
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class HTTPResponse(object):
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"""Response from an HTTP server.
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The response will continue to load as available. If you need the
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complete response before continuing, check the .complete() method.
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"""
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def __init__(self, sock, timeout, method):
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self.sock = sock
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self.method = method
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self.raw_response = ''
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self._headers_len = 0
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self.headers = None
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self.will_close = False
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self.status_line = ''
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self.status = None
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self.continued = False
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self.http_version = None
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self.reason = None
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self._reader = None
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self._read_location = 0
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self._eol = EOL
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self._timeout = timeout
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@property
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def _end_headers(self):
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return self._eol * 2
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def complete(self):
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"""Returns true if this response is completely loaded.
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Note that if this is a connection where complete means the
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socket is closed, this will nearly always return False, even
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in cases where all the data has actually been loaded.
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"""
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if self._reader:
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return self._reader.done()
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def _close(self):
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if self._reader is not None:
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self._reader._close()
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def readline(self):
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"""Read a single line from the response body.
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This may block until either a line ending is found or the
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response is complete.
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"""
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# TODO: move this into the reader interface where it can be
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# smarter (and probably avoid copies)
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bytes = []
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while not bytes:
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try:
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bytes = [self._reader.read(1)]
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except _readers.ReadNotReady:
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self._select()
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while bytes[-1] != '\n' and not self.complete():
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self._select()
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bytes.append(self._reader.read(1))
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if bytes[-1] != '\n':
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next = self._reader.read(1)
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while next and next != '\n':
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bytes.append(next)
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next = self._reader.read(1)
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bytes.append(next)
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return ''.join(bytes)
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def read(self, length=None):
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# if length is None, unbounded read
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while (not self.complete() # never select on a finished read
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and (not length # unbounded, so we wait for complete()
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or length > self._reader.available_data)):
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self._select()
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if not length:
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length = self._reader.available_data
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r = self._reader.read(length)
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if self.complete() and self.will_close:
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self.sock.close()
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return r
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def _select(self):
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r, _, _ = select.select([self.sock], [], [], self._timeout)
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if not r:
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# socket was not readable. If the response is not
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# complete, raise a timeout.
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if not self.complete():
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logger.info('timed out with timeout of %s', self._timeout)
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raise HTTPTimeoutException('timeout reading data')
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try:
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data = self.sock.recv(INCOMING_BUFFER_SIZE)
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except socket.sslerror, e:
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if e.args[0] != socket.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
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raise
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logger.debug('SSL_WANT_READ in _select, should retry later')
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return True
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logger.debug('response read %d data during _select', len(data))
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# If the socket was readable and no data was read, that means
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# the socket was closed. Inform the reader (if any) so it can
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# raise an exception if this is an invalid situation.
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if not data:
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if self._reader:
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self._reader._close()
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return False
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else:
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self._load_response(data)
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return True
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def _load_response(self, data):
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# Being here implies we're not at the end of the headers yet,
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# since at the end of this method if headers were completely
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# loaded we replace this method with the load() method of the
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# reader we created.
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self.raw_response += data
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# This is a bogus server with bad line endings
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if self._eol not in self.raw_response:
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for bad_eol in ('\n', '\r'):
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if (bad_eol in self.raw_response
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# verify that bad_eol is not the end of the incoming data
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# as this could be a response line that just got
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# split between \r and \n.
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and (self.raw_response.index(bad_eol) <
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(len(self.raw_response) - 1))):
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logger.info('bogus line endings detected, '
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'using %r for EOL', bad_eol)
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self._eol = bad_eol
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break
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# exit early if not at end of headers
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if self._end_headers not in self.raw_response or self.headers:
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return
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# handle 100-continue response
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hdrs, body = self.raw_response.split(self._end_headers, 1)
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http_ver, status = hdrs.split(' ', 1)
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if status.startswith('100'):
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self.raw_response = body
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self.continued = True
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logger.debug('continue seen, setting body to %r', body)
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return
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# arriving here means we should parse response headers
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# as all headers have arrived completely
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hdrs, body = self.raw_response.split(self._end_headers, 1)
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del self.raw_response
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if self._eol in hdrs:
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self.status_line, hdrs = hdrs.split(self._eol, 1)
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else:
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self.status_line = hdrs
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hdrs = ''
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# TODO HTTP < 1.0 support
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(self.http_version, self.status,
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self.reason) = self.status_line.split(' ', 2)
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self.status = int(self.status)
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if self._eol != EOL:
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hdrs = hdrs.replace(self._eol, '\r\n')
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headers = rfc822.Message(cStringIO.StringIO(hdrs))
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content_len = None
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if HDR_CONTENT_LENGTH in headers:
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content_len = int(headers[HDR_CONTENT_LENGTH])
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if self.http_version == HTTP_VER_1_0:
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self.will_close = True
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elif HDR_CONNECTION_CTRL in headers:
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self.will_close = (
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headers[HDR_CONNECTION_CTRL].lower() == CONNECTION_CLOSE)
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if (HDR_XFER_ENCODING in headers
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and headers[HDR_XFER_ENCODING].lower() == XFER_ENCODING_CHUNKED):
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self._reader = _readers.ChunkedReader(self._eol)
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logger.debug('using a chunked reader')
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else:
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# HEAD responses are forbidden from returning a body, and
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# it's implausible for a CONNECT response to use
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# close-is-end logic for an OK response.
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if (self.method == 'HEAD' or
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(self.method == 'CONNECT' and content_len is None)):
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content_len = 0
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if content_len is not None:
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logger.debug('using a content-length reader with length %d',
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content_len)
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self._reader = _readers.ContentLengthReader(content_len)
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else:
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# Response body had no length specified and is not
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# chunked, so the end of the body will only be
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# identifiable by the termination of the socket by the
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# server. My interpretation of the spec means that we
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# are correct in hitting this case if
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# transfer-encoding, content-length, and
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# connection-control were left unspecified.
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self._reader = _readers.CloseIsEndReader()
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logger.debug('using a close-is-end reader')
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self.will_close = True
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if body:
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self._reader._load(body)
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logger.debug('headers complete')
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self.headers = headers
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self._load_response = self._reader._load
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class HTTPConnection(object):
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"""Connection to a single http server.
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Supports 100-continue and keepalives natively. Uses select() for
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non-blocking socket operations.
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"""
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http_version = HTTP_VER_1_1
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response_class = HTTPResponse
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def __init__(self, host, port=None, use_ssl=None, ssl_validator=None,
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timeout=TIMEOUT_DEFAULT,
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continue_timeout=TIMEOUT_ASSUME_CONTINUE,
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proxy_hostport=None, **ssl_opts):
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"""Create a new HTTPConnection.
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Args:
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host: The host to which we'll connect.
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port: Optional. The port over which we'll connect. Default 80 for
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non-ssl, 443 for ssl.
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use_ssl: Optional. Wether to use ssl. Defaults to False if port is
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not 443, true if port is 443.
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ssl_validator: a function(socket) to validate the ssl cert
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timeout: Optional. Connection timeout, default is TIMEOUT_DEFAULT.
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continue_timeout: Optional. Timeout for waiting on an expected
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"100 Continue" response. Default is TIMEOUT_ASSUME_CONTINUE.
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proxy_hostport: Optional. Tuple of (host, port) to use as an http
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proxy for the connection. Default is to not use a proxy.
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"""
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if port is None and host.count(':') == 1 or ']:' in host:
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host, port = host.rsplit(':', 1)
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port = int(port)
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if '[' in host:
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host = host[1:-1]
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if use_ssl is None and port is None:
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use_ssl = False
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port = 80
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elif use_ssl is None:
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use_ssl = (port == 443)
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elif port is None:
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port = (use_ssl and 443 or 80)
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self.port = port
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if use_ssl and not socketutil.have_ssl:
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raise Exception('ssl requested but unavailable on this Python')
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self.ssl = use_ssl
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self.ssl_opts = ssl_opts
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self._ssl_validator = ssl_validator
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self.host = host
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self.sock = None
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self._current_response = None
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self._current_response_taken = False
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if proxy_hostport is None:
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self._proxy_host = self._proxy_port = None
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else:
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self._proxy_host, self._proxy_port = proxy_hostport
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self.timeout = timeout
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self.continue_timeout = continue_timeout
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def _connect(self):
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"""Connect to the host and port specified in __init__."""
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if self.sock:
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return
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if self._proxy_host is not None:
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logger.info('Connecting to http proxy %s:%s',
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self._proxy_host, self._proxy_port)
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sock = socketutil.create_connection((self._proxy_host,
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self._proxy_port))
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if self.ssl:
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# TODO proxy header support
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data = self.buildheaders('CONNECT', '%s:%d' % (self.host,
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self.port),
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{}, HTTP_VER_1_0)
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sock.send(data)
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sock.setblocking(0)
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r = self.response_class(sock, self.timeout, 'CONNECT')
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timeout_exc = HTTPTimeoutException(
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'Timed out waiting for CONNECT response from proxy')
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while not r.complete():
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try:
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if not r._select():
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if not r.complete():
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raise timeout_exc
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except HTTPTimeoutException:
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# This raise/except pattern looks goofy, but
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# _select can raise the timeout as well as the
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# loop body. I wish it wasn't this convoluted,
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# but I don't have a better solution
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# immediately handy.
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raise timeout_exc
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if r.status != 200:
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raise HTTPProxyConnectFailedException(
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'Proxy connection failed: %d %s' % (r.status,
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r.read()))
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logger.info('CONNECT (for SSL) to %s:%s via proxy succeeded.',
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self.host, self.port)
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else:
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sock = socketutil.create_connection((self.host, self.port))
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if self.ssl:
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# This is the default, but in the case of proxied SSL
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# requests the proxy logic above will have cleared
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# blocking mode, so reenable it just to be safe.
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sock.setblocking(1)
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logger.debug('wrapping socket for ssl with options %r',
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self.ssl_opts)
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sock = socketutil.wrap_socket(sock, **self.ssl_opts)
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if self._ssl_validator:
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self._ssl_validator(sock)
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sock.setblocking(0)
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self.sock = sock
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def buildheaders(self, method, path, headers, http_ver):
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if self.ssl and self.port == 443 or self.port == 80:
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# default port for protocol, so leave it out
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hdrhost = self.host
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else:
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# include nonstandard port in header
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if ':' in self.host: # must be IPv6
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hdrhost = '[%s]:%d' % (self.host, self.port)
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else:
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hdrhost = '%s:%d' % (self.host, self.port)
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if self._proxy_host and not self.ssl:
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# When talking to a regular http proxy we must send the
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# full URI, but in all other cases we must not (although
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# technically RFC 2616 says servers must accept our
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# request if we screw up, experimentally few do that
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# correctly.)
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assert path[0] == '/', 'path must start with a /'
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path = 'http://%s%s' % (hdrhost, path)
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outgoing = ['%s %s %s%s' % (method, path, http_ver, EOL)]
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headers['host'] = ('Host', hdrhost)
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headers[HDR_ACCEPT_ENCODING] = (HDR_ACCEPT_ENCODING, 'identity')
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for hdr, val in headers.itervalues():
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outgoing.append('%s: %s%s' % (hdr, val, EOL))
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outgoing.append(EOL)
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return ''.join(outgoing)
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def close(self):
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"""Close the connection to the server.
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|
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|
This is a no-op if the connection is already closed. The
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connection may automatically close if requessted by the server
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or required by the nature of a response.
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"""
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if self.sock is None:
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return
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self.sock.close()
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|
|
self.sock = None
|
|
|
logger.info('closed connection to %s on %s', self.host, self.port)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def busy(self):
|
|
|
"""Returns True if this connection object is currently in use.
|
|
|
|
|
|
If a response is still pending, this will return True, even if
|
|
|
the request has finished sending. In the future,
|
|
|
HTTPConnection may transparently juggle multiple connections
|
|
|
to the server, in which case this will be useful to detect if
|
|
|
any of those connections is ready for use.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
cr = self._current_response
|
|
|
if cr is not None:
|
|
|
if self._current_response_taken:
|
|
|
if cr.will_close:
|
|
|
self.sock = None
|
|
|
self._current_response = None
|
|
|
return False
|
|
|
elif cr.complete():
|
|
|
self._current_response = None
|
|
|
return False
|
|
|
return True
|
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
|
|
def request(self, method, path, body=None, headers={},
|
|
|
expect_continue=False):
|
|
|
"""Send a request to the server.
|
|
|
|
|
|
For increased flexibility, this does not return the response
|
|
|
object. Future versions of HTTPConnection that juggle multiple
|
|
|
sockets will be able to send (for example) 5 requests all at
|
|
|
once, and then let the requests arrive as data is
|
|
|
available. Use the `getresponse()` method to retrieve the
|
|
|
response.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
if self.busy():
|
|
|
raise httplib.CannotSendRequest(
|
|
|
'Can not send another request before '
|
|
|
'current response is read!')
|
|
|
self._current_response_taken = False
|
|
|
|
|
|
logger.info('sending %s request for %s to %s on port %s',
|
|
|
method, path, self.host, self.port)
|
|
|
hdrs = dict((k.lower(), (k, v)) for k, v in headers.iteritems())
|
|
|
if hdrs.get('expect', ('', ''))[1].lower() == '100-continue':
|
|
|
expect_continue = True
|
|
|
elif expect_continue:
|
|
|
hdrs['expect'] = ('Expect', '100-Continue')
|
|
|
|
|
|
chunked = False
|
|
|
if body and HDR_CONTENT_LENGTH not in hdrs:
|
|
|
if getattr(body, '__len__', False):
|
|
|
hdrs[HDR_CONTENT_LENGTH] = (HDR_CONTENT_LENGTH, len(body))
|
|
|
elif getattr(body, 'read', False):
|
|
|
hdrs[HDR_XFER_ENCODING] = (HDR_XFER_ENCODING,
|
|
|
XFER_ENCODING_CHUNKED)
|
|
|
chunked = True
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
raise BadRequestData('body has no __len__() nor read()')
|
|
|
|
|
|
self._connect()
|
|
|
outgoing_headers = self.buildheaders(
|
|
|
method, path, hdrs, self.http_version)
|
|
|
response = None
|
|
|
first = True
|
|
|
|
|
|
def reconnect(where):
|
|
|
logger.info('reconnecting during %s', where)
|
|
|
self.close()
|
|
|
self._connect()
|
|
|
|
|
|
while ((outgoing_headers or body)
|
|
|
and not (response and response.complete())):
|
|
|
select_timeout = self.timeout
|
|
|
out = outgoing_headers or body
|
|
|
blocking_on_continue = False
|
|
|
if expect_continue and not outgoing_headers and not (
|
|
|
response and (response.headers or response.continued)):
|
|
|
logger.info(
|
|
|
'waiting up to %s seconds for'
|
|
|
' continue response from server',
|
|
|
self.continue_timeout)
|
|
|
select_timeout = self.continue_timeout
|
|
|
blocking_on_continue = True
|
|
|
out = False
|
|
|
if out:
|
|
|
w = [self.sock]
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
w = []
|
|
|
r, w, x = select.select([self.sock], w, [], select_timeout)
|
|
|
# if we were expecting a 100 continue and it's been long
|
|
|
# enough, just go ahead and assume it's ok. This is the
|
|
|
# recommended behavior from the RFC.
|
|
|
if r == w == x == []:
|
|
|
if blocking_on_continue:
|
|
|
expect_continue = False
|
|
|
logger.info('no response to continue expectation from '
|
|
|
'server, optimistically sending request body')
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
raise HTTPTimeoutException('timeout sending data')
|
|
|
was_first = first
|
|
|
|
|
|
# incoming data
|
|
|
if r:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
data = r[0].recv(INCOMING_BUFFER_SIZE)
|
|
|
except socket.sslerror, e:
|
|
|
if e.args[0] != socket.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
|
|
|
raise
|
|
|
logger.debug(
|
|
|
'SSL_WANT_READ while sending data, retrying...')
|
|
|
continue
|
|
|
if not data:
|
|
|
logger.info('socket appears closed in read')
|
|
|
self.sock = None
|
|
|
self._current_response = None
|
|
|
if response is not None:
|
|
|
response._close()
|
|
|
# This if/elif ladder is a bit subtle,
|
|
|
# comments in each branch should help.
|
|
|
if response is not None and response.complete():
|
|
|
# Server responded completely and then
|
|
|
# closed the socket. We should just shut
|
|
|
# things down and let the caller get their
|
|
|
# response.
|
|
|
logger.info('Got an early response, '
|
|
|
'aborting remaining request.')
|
|
|
break
|
|
|
elif was_first and response is None:
|
|
|
# Most likely a keepalive that got killed
|
|
|
# on the server's end. Commonly happens
|
|
|
# after getting a really large response
|
|
|
# from the server.
|
|
|
logger.info(
|
|
|
'Connection appeared closed in read on first'
|
|
|
' request loop iteration, will retry.')
|
|
|
reconnect('read')
|
|
|
continue
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
# We didn't just send the first data hunk,
|
|
|
# and either have a partial response or no
|
|
|
# response at all. There's really nothing
|
|
|
# meaningful we can do here.
|
|
|
raise HTTPStateError(
|
|
|
'Connection appears closed after '
|
|
|
'some request data was written, but the '
|
|
|
'response was missing or incomplete!')
|
|
|
logger.debug('read %d bytes in request()', len(data))
|
|
|
if response is None:
|
|
|
response = self.response_class(r[0], self.timeout, method)
|
|
|
response._load_response(data)
|
|
|
# Jump to the next select() call so we load more
|
|
|
# data if the server is still sending us content.
|
|
|
continue
|
|
|
except socket.error, e:
|
|
|
if e[0] != errno.EPIPE and not was_first:
|
|
|
raise
|
|
|
|
|
|
# outgoing data
|
|
|
if w and out:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
if getattr(out, 'read', False):
|
|
|
data = out.read(OUTGOING_BUFFER_SIZE)
|
|
|
if not data:
|
|
|
continue
|
|
|
if len(data) < OUTGOING_BUFFER_SIZE:
|
|
|
if chunked:
|
|
|
body = '0' + EOL + EOL
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
body = None
|
|
|
if chunked:
|
|
|
out = hex(len(data))[2:] + EOL + data + EOL
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
out = data
|
|
|
amt = w[0].send(out)
|
|
|
except socket.error, e:
|
|
|
if e[0] == socket.SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE and self.ssl:
|
|
|
# This means that SSL hasn't flushed its buffer into
|
|
|
# the socket yet.
|
|
|
# TODO: find a way to block on ssl flushing its buffer
|
|
|
# similar to selecting on a raw socket.
|
|
|
continue
|
|
|
elif (e[0] not in (errno.ECONNRESET, errno.EPIPE)
|
|
|
and not first):
|
|
|
raise
|
|
|
reconnect('write')
|
|
|
amt = self.sock.send(out)
|
|
|
logger.debug('sent %d', amt)
|
|
|
first = False
|
|
|
# stash data we think we sent in case the socket breaks
|
|
|
# when we read from it
|
|
|
if was_first:
|
|
|
sent_data = out[:amt]
|
|
|
if out is body:
|
|
|
body = out[amt:]
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
outgoing_headers = out[amt:]
|
|
|
|
|
|
# close if the server response said to or responded before eating
|
|
|
# the whole request
|
|
|
if response is None:
|
|
|
response = self.response_class(self.sock, self.timeout, method)
|
|
|
complete = response.complete()
|
|
|
data_left = bool(outgoing_headers or body)
|
|
|
if data_left:
|
|
|
logger.info('stopped sending request early, '
|
|
|
'will close the socket to be safe.')
|
|
|
response.will_close = True
|
|
|
if response.will_close:
|
|
|
# The socket will be closed by the response, so we disown
|
|
|
# the socket
|
|
|
self.sock = None
|
|
|
self._current_response = response
|
|
|
|
|
|
def getresponse(self):
|
|
|
if self._current_response is None:
|
|
|
raise httplib.ResponseNotReady()
|
|
|
r = self._current_response
|
|
|
while r.headers is None:
|
|
|
if not r._select() and not r.complete():
|
|
|
raise _readers.HTTPRemoteClosedError()
|
|
|
if r.will_close:
|
|
|
self.sock = None
|
|
|
self._current_response = None
|
|
|
elif r.complete():
|
|
|
self._current_response = None
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
self._current_response_taken = True
|
|
|
return r
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class HTTPTimeoutException(httplib.HTTPException):
|
|
|
"""A timeout occurred while waiting on the server."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class BadRequestData(httplib.HTTPException):
|
|
|
"""Request body object has neither __len__ nor read."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class HTTPProxyConnectFailedException(httplib.HTTPException):
|
|
|
"""Connecting to the HTTP proxy failed."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class HTTPStateError(httplib.HTTPException):
|
|
|
"""Invalid internal state encountered."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Forward this exception type from _readers since it needs to be part
|
|
|
# of the public API.
|
|
|
HTTPRemoteClosedError = _readers.HTTPRemoteClosedError
|
|
|
# no-check-code
|
|
|
|
