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wireproto: add streams to frame-based protocol...
wireproto: add streams to frame-based protocol Previously, the frame-based protocol was just a series of frames, with each frame associated with a request ID. In order to scale the protocol, we'll want to enable the use of compression. While it is possible to enable compression at the socket/pipe level, this has its disadvantages. The big one is it undermines the point of frames being standalone, atomic units that can be read and written: if you add compression above the framing protocol, you are back to having a stream-based protocol as opposed to something frame-based. So in order to preserve frames, compression needs to occur at the frame payload level. Compressing each frame's payload individually will limit compression ratios because the window size of the compressor will be limited by the max frame size, which is 32-64kb as currently defined. It will also add CPU overhead, as it is more efficient for compressors to operate on fewer, larger blocks of data than more, smaller blocks. So compressing each frame independently is out. This means we need to compress each frame's payload as if it is part of a larger stream. The simplest approach is to have 1 stream per connection. This could certainly work. However, it has disadvantages (documented below). We could also have 1 stream per RPC/command invocation. (This is the model HTTP/2 goes with.) This also has disadvantages. The main disadvantage to one global stream is that it has the very real potential to create CPU bottlenecks doing compression. Networks are only getting faster and the performance of single CPU cores has been relatively flat. Newer compression formats like zstandard offer better CPU cycle efficiency than predecessors like zlib. But it still all too common to saturate your CPU with compression overhead long before you saturate the network pipe. The main disadvantage with streams per request is that you can't reap the benefits of the compression context for multiple requests. For example, if you send 1000 RPC requests (or HTTP/2 requests for that matter), the response to each would have its own compression context. The overall size of the raw responses would be larger because compression contexts wouldn't be able to reference data from another request or response. The approach for streams as implemented in this commit is to support N streams per connection and for streams to potentially span requests and responses. As explained by the added internals docs, this facilitates servers and clients delegating independent streams and compression to independent threads / CPU cores. This helps alleviate the CPU bottleneck of compression. This design also allows compression contexts to be reused across requests/responses. This can result in improved compression ratios and less overhead for compressors and decompressors having to build new contexts. Another feature that was defined was the ability for individual frames within a stream to declare whether that individual frame's payload uses the content encoding (read: compression) defined by the stream. The idea here is that some servers may serve data from a combination of caches and dynamic resolution. Data coming from caches may be pre-compressed. We want to facilitate servers being able to essentially stream bytes from caches to the wire with minimal overhead. Being able to mix and match with frames are compressed within a stream enables these types of advanced server functionality. This commit defines the new streams mechanism. Basic code for supporting streams in frames has been added. But that code is seriously lacking and doesn't fully conform to the defined protocol. For example, we don't close any streams. And support for content encoding within streams is not yet implemented. The change was rather invasive and I didn't think it would be reasonable to implement the entire feature in a single commit. For the record, I would have loved to reuse an existing multiplexing protocol to build the new wire protocol on top of. However, I couldn't find a protocol that offers the performance and scaling characteristics that I desired. Namely, it should support multiple compression contexts to facilitate scaling out to multiple CPU cores and compression contexts should be able to live longer than single RPC requests. HTTP/2 *almost* fits the bill. But the semantics of HTTP message exchange state that streams can only live for a single request-response. We /could/ tunnel on top of HTTP/2 streams and frames with HEADER and DATA frames. But there's no guarantee that HTTP/2 libraries and proxies would allow us to use HTTP/2 streams and frames without the HTTP message exchange semantics defined in RFC 7540 Section 8. Other RPC protocols like gRPC tunnel are built on top of HTTP/2 and thus preserve its semantics of stream per RPC invocation. Even QUIC does this. We could attempt to invent a higher-level stream that spans HTTP/2 streams. But this would be violating HTTP/2 because there is no guarantee that HTTP/2 streams are routed to the same server. The best we can do - which is what this protocol does - is shoehorn all request and response data into a single HTTP message and create streams within. At that point, we've defined a Content-Type in HTTP parlance. It just so happens our media type can also work as a standalone, stream-based protocol, without leaning on HTTP or similar protocol. Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D2907

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ancestor.py
363 lines | 12.1 KiB | text/x-python | PythonLexer
# ancestor.py - generic DAG ancestor algorithm for mercurial
#
# Copyright 2006 Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
#
# This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
# GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
from __future__ import absolute_import
import collections
import heapq
from .node import nullrev
def commonancestorsheads(pfunc, *nodes):
"""Returns a set with the heads of all common ancestors of all nodes,
heads(::nodes[0] and ::nodes[1] and ...) .
pfunc must return a list of parent vertices for a given vertex.
"""
if not isinstance(nodes, set):
nodes = set(nodes)
if nullrev in nodes:
return set()
if len(nodes) <= 1:
return nodes
allseen = (1 << len(nodes)) - 1
seen = [0] * (max(nodes) + 1)
for i, n in enumerate(nodes):
seen[n] = 1 << i
poison = 1 << (i + 1)
gca = set()
interesting = len(nodes)
nv = len(seen) - 1
while nv >= 0 and interesting:
v = nv
nv -= 1
if not seen[v]:
continue
sv = seen[v]
if sv < poison:
interesting -= 1
if sv == allseen:
gca.add(v)
sv |= poison
if v in nodes:
# history is linear
return {v}
if sv < poison:
for p in pfunc(v):
sp = seen[p]
if p == nullrev:
continue
if sp == 0:
seen[p] = sv
interesting += 1
elif sp != sv:
seen[p] |= sv
else:
for p in pfunc(v):
if p == nullrev:
continue
sp = seen[p]
if sp and sp < poison:
interesting -= 1
seen[p] = sv
return gca
def ancestors(pfunc, *orignodes):
"""
Returns the common ancestors of a and b that are furthest from a
root (as measured by longest path).
pfunc must return a list of parent vertices for a given vertex.
"""
def deepest(nodes):
interesting = {}
count = max(nodes) + 1
depth = [0] * count
seen = [0] * count
mapping = []
for (i, n) in enumerate(sorted(nodes)):
depth[n] = 1
b = 1 << i
seen[n] = b
interesting[b] = 1
mapping.append((b, n))
nv = count - 1
while nv >= 0 and len(interesting) > 1:
v = nv
nv -= 1
dv = depth[v]
if dv == 0:
continue
sv = seen[v]
for p in pfunc(v):
if p == nullrev:
continue
dp = depth[p]
nsp = sp = seen[p]
if dp <= dv:
depth[p] = dv + 1
if sp != sv:
interesting[sv] += 1
nsp = seen[p] = sv
if sp:
interesting[sp] -= 1
if interesting[sp] == 0:
del interesting[sp]
elif dv == dp - 1:
nsp = sp | sv
if nsp == sp:
continue
seen[p] = nsp
interesting.setdefault(nsp, 0)
interesting[nsp] += 1
interesting[sp] -= 1
if interesting[sp] == 0:
del interesting[sp]
interesting[sv] -= 1
if interesting[sv] == 0:
del interesting[sv]
if len(interesting) != 1:
return []
k = 0
for i in interesting:
k |= i
return set(n for (i, n) in mapping if k & i)
gca = commonancestorsheads(pfunc, *orignodes)
if len(gca) <= 1:
return gca
return deepest(gca)
class incrementalmissingancestors(object):
'''persistent state used to calculate missing ancestors incrementally
Although similar in spirit to lazyancestors below, this is a separate class
because trying to support contains and missingancestors operations with the
same internal data structures adds needless complexity.'''
def __init__(self, pfunc, bases):
self.bases = set(bases)
if not self.bases:
self.bases.add(nullrev)
self.pfunc = pfunc
def hasbases(self):
'''whether the common set has any non-trivial bases'''
return self.bases and self.bases != {nullrev}
def addbases(self, newbases):
'''grow the ancestor set by adding new bases'''
self.bases.update(newbases)
def removeancestorsfrom(self, revs):
'''remove all ancestors of bases from the set revs (in place)'''
bases = self.bases
pfunc = self.pfunc
revs.difference_update(bases)
# nullrev is always an ancestor
revs.discard(nullrev)
if not revs:
return
# anything in revs > start is definitely not an ancestor of bases
# revs <= start needs to be investigated
start = max(bases)
keepcount = sum(1 for r in revs if r > start)
if len(revs) == keepcount:
# no revs to consider
return
for curr in xrange(start, min(revs) - 1, -1):
if curr not in bases:
continue
revs.discard(curr)
bases.update(pfunc(curr))
if len(revs) == keepcount:
# no more potential revs to discard
break
def missingancestors(self, revs):
'''return all the ancestors of revs that are not ancestors of self.bases
This may include elements from revs.
Equivalent to the revset (::revs - ::self.bases). Revs are returned in
revision number order, which is a topological order.'''
revsvisit = set(revs)
basesvisit = self.bases
pfunc = self.pfunc
bothvisit = revsvisit.intersection(basesvisit)
revsvisit.difference_update(bothvisit)
if not revsvisit:
return []
start = max(max(revsvisit), max(basesvisit))
# At this point, we hold the invariants that:
# - revsvisit is the set of nodes we know are an ancestor of at least
# one of the nodes in revs
# - basesvisit is the same for bases
# - bothvisit is the set of nodes we know are ancestors of at least one
# of the nodes in revs and one of the nodes in bases. bothvisit and
# revsvisit are mutually exclusive, but bothvisit is a subset of
# basesvisit.
# Now we walk down in reverse topo order, adding parents of nodes
# already visited to the sets while maintaining the invariants. When a
# node is found in both revsvisit and basesvisit, it is removed from
# revsvisit and added to bothvisit. When revsvisit becomes empty, there
# are no more ancestors of revs that aren't also ancestors of bases, so
# exit.
missing = []
for curr in xrange(start, nullrev, -1):
if not revsvisit:
break
if curr in bothvisit:
bothvisit.remove(curr)
# curr's parents might have made it into revsvisit through
# another path
for p in pfunc(curr):
revsvisit.discard(p)
basesvisit.add(p)
bothvisit.add(p)
continue
if curr in revsvisit:
missing.append(curr)
revsvisit.remove(curr)
thisvisit = revsvisit
othervisit = basesvisit
elif curr in basesvisit:
thisvisit = basesvisit
othervisit = revsvisit
else:
# not an ancestor of revs or bases: ignore
continue
for p in pfunc(curr):
if p == nullrev:
pass
elif p in othervisit or p in bothvisit:
# p is implicitly in thisvisit. This means p is or should be
# in bothvisit
revsvisit.discard(p)
basesvisit.add(p)
bothvisit.add(p)
else:
# visit later
thisvisit.add(p)
missing.reverse()
return missing
class lazyancestors(object):
def __init__(self, pfunc, revs, stoprev=0, inclusive=False):
"""Create a new object generating ancestors for the given revs. Does
not generate revs lower than stoprev.
This is computed lazily starting from revs. The object supports
iteration and membership.
cl should be a changelog and revs should be an iterable. inclusive is
a boolean that indicates whether revs should be included. Revs lower
than stoprev will not be generated.
Result does not include the null revision."""
self._parentrevs = pfunc
self._initrevs = revs
self._stoprev = stoprev
self._inclusive = inclusive
# Initialize data structures for __contains__.
# For __contains__, we use a heap rather than a deque because
# (a) it minimizes the number of parentrevs calls made
# (b) it makes the loop termination condition obvious
# Python's heap is a min-heap. Multiply all values by -1 to convert it
# into a max-heap.
self._containsvisit = [-rev for rev in revs]
heapq.heapify(self._containsvisit)
if inclusive:
self._containsseen = set(revs)
else:
self._containsseen = set()
def __nonzero__(self):
"""False if the set is empty, True otherwise."""
try:
next(iter(self))
return True
except StopIteration:
return False
__bool__ = __nonzero__
def __iter__(self):
"""Generate the ancestors of _initrevs in reverse topological order.
If inclusive is False, yield a sequence of revision numbers starting
with the parents of each revision in revs, i.e., each revision is *not*
considered an ancestor of itself. Results are in breadth-first order:
parents of each rev in revs, then parents of those, etc.
If inclusive is True, yield all the revs first (ignoring stoprev),
then yield all the ancestors of revs as when inclusive is False.
If an element in revs is an ancestor of a different rev it is not
yielded again."""
seen = set()
revs = self._initrevs
if self._inclusive:
for rev in revs:
yield rev
seen.update(revs)
parentrevs = self._parentrevs
stoprev = self._stoprev
visit = collections.deque(revs)
see = seen.add
schedule = visit.append
while visit:
for parent in parentrevs(visit.popleft()):
if parent >= stoprev and parent not in seen:
schedule(parent)
see(parent)
yield parent
def __contains__(self, target):
"""Test whether target is an ancestor of self._initrevs."""
# Trying to do both __iter__ and __contains__ using the same visit
# heap and seen set is complex enough that it slows down both. Keep
# them separate.
seen = self._containsseen
if target in seen:
return True
parentrevs = self._parentrevs
visit = self._containsvisit
stoprev = self._stoprev
heappop = heapq.heappop
heappush = heapq.heappush
see = seen.add
targetseen = False
while visit and -visit[0] > target and not targetseen:
for parent in parentrevs(-heappop(visit)):
if parent < stoprev or parent in seen:
continue
# We need to make sure we push all parents into the heap so
# that we leave it in a consistent state for future calls.
heappush(visit, -parent)
see(parent)
if parent == target:
targetseen = True
return targetseen