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# Copyright 2010, Google Inc.
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# All rights reserved.
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#
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# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
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# met:
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#
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# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
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# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
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# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
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# distribution.
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# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
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# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
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# this software without specific prior written permission.
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# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
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# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
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# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
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# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
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# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
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# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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"""Improved HTTP/1.1 client library
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This library contains an HTTPConnection which is similar to the one in
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httplib, but has several additional features:
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* supports keepalives natively
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* uses select() to block for incoming data
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* notices when the server responds early to a request
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* implements ssl inline instead of in a different class
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"""
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import cStringIO
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import errno
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import httplib
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import logging
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import rfc822
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import select
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import socket
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import socketutil
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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__all__ = ['HTTPConnection', 'HTTPResponse']
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HTTP_VER_1_0 = 'HTTP/1.0'
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HTTP_VER_1_1 = 'HTTP/1.1'
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_LEN_CLOSE_IS_END = -1
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OUTGOING_BUFFER_SIZE = 1 << 15
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INCOMING_BUFFER_SIZE = 1 << 20
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HDR_ACCEPT_ENCODING = 'accept-encoding'
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HDR_CONNECTION_CTRL = 'connection'
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HDR_CONTENT_LENGTH = 'content-length'
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HDR_XFER_ENCODING = 'transfer-encoding'
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XFER_ENCODING_CHUNKED = 'chunked'
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CONNECTION_CLOSE = 'close'
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EOL = '\r\n'
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_END_HEADERS = EOL * 2
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# Based on some searching around, 1 second seems like a reasonable
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# default here.
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TIMEOUT_ASSUME_CONTINUE = 1
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TIMEOUT_DEFAULT = None
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class HTTPResponse(object):
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"""Response from an HTTP server.
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The response will continue to load as available. If you need the
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complete response before continuing, check the .complete() method.
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"""
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def __init__(self, sock, timeout):
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self.sock = sock
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self.raw_response = ''
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self._body = None
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self._headers_len = 0
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self._content_len = 0
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self.headers = None
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self.will_close = False
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self.status_line = ''
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self.status = None
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self.http_version = None
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self.reason = None
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self._chunked = False
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self._chunked_done = False
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self._chunked_until_next = 0
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self._chunked_skip_bytes = 0
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self._chunked_preloaded_block = None
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self._read_location = 0
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self._eol = EOL
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self._timeout = timeout
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@property
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def _end_headers(self):
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return self._eol * 2
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def complete(self):
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"""Returns true if this response is completely loaded.
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"""
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if self._chunked:
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return self._chunked_done
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if self._content_len == _LEN_CLOSE_IS_END:
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return False
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return self._body is not None and len(self._body) >= self._content_len
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def readline(self):
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"""Read a single line from the response body.
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This may block until either a line ending is found or the
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response is complete.
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"""
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eol = self._body.find('\n', self._read_location)
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while eol == -1 and not self.complete():
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self._select()
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eol = self._body.find('\n', self._read_location)
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if eol != -1:
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eol += 1
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else:
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eol = len(self._body)
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data = self._body[self._read_location:eol]
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self._read_location = eol
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return data
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def read(self, length=None):
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# if length is None, unbounded read
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while (not self.complete() # never select on a finished read
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and (not length # unbounded, so we wait for complete()
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or (self._read_location + length) > len(self._body))):
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self._select()
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if not length:
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length = len(self._body) - self._read_location
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elif len(self._body) < (self._read_location + length):
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length = len(self._body) - self._read_location
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r = self._body[self._read_location:self._read_location + length]
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self._read_location += len(r)
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if self.complete() and self.will_close:
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self.sock.close()
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return r
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def _select(self):
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r, _, _ = select.select([self.sock], [], [], self._timeout)
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if not r:
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# socket was not readable. If the response is not complete
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# and we're not a _LEN_CLOSE_IS_END response, raise a timeout.
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# If we are a _LEN_CLOSE_IS_END response and we have no data,
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# raise a timeout.
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if not (self.complete() or
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(self._content_len == _LEN_CLOSE_IS_END and self._body)):
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logger.info('timed out with timeout of %s', self._timeout)
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raise HTTPTimeoutException('timeout reading data')
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logger.info('cl: %r body: %r', self._content_len, self._body)
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data = self.sock.recv(INCOMING_BUFFER_SIZE)
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logger.debug('response read %d data during _select', len(data))
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if not data:
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if not self.headers:
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self._load_response(self._end_headers)
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self._content_len = 0
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elif self._content_len == _LEN_CLOSE_IS_END:
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self._content_len = len(self._body)
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return False
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else:
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self._load_response(data)
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return True
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def _chunked_parsedata(self, data):
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if self._chunked_preloaded_block:
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data = self._chunked_preloaded_block + data
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self._chunked_preloaded_block = None
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while data:
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logger.debug('looping with %d data remaining', len(data))
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# Slice out anything we should skip
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if self._chunked_skip_bytes:
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if len(data) <= self._chunked_skip_bytes:
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self._chunked_skip_bytes -= len(data)
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data = ''
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break
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else:
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data = data[self._chunked_skip_bytes:]
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self._chunked_skip_bytes = 0
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# determine how much is until the next chunk
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if self._chunked_until_next:
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amt = self._chunked_until_next
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logger.debug('reading remaining %d of existing chunk', amt)
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self._chunked_until_next = 0
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body = data
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else:
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try:
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amt, body = data.split(self._eol, 1)
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except ValueError:
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self._chunked_preloaded_block = data
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logger.debug('saving %r as a preloaded block for chunked',
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self._chunked_preloaded_block)
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return
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amt = int(amt, base=16)
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logger.debug('reading chunk of length %d', amt)
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if amt == 0:
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self._chunked_done = True
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# read through end of what we have or the chunk
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self._body += body[:amt]
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if len(body) >= amt:
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data = body[amt:]
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self._chunked_skip_bytes = len(self._eol)
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else:
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self._chunked_until_next = amt - len(body)
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self._chunked_skip_bytes = 0
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data = ''
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def _load_response(self, data):
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if self._chunked:
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self._chunked_parsedata(data)
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return
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elif self._body is not None:
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self._body += data
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return
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# We haven't seen end of headers yet
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self.raw_response += data
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# This is a bogus server with bad line endings
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if self._eol not in self.raw_response:
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for bad_eol in ('\n', '\r'):
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if (bad_eol in self.raw_response
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# verify that bad_eol is not the end of the incoming data
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# as this could be a response line that just got
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# split between \r and \n.
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and (self.raw_response.index(bad_eol) <
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(len(self.raw_response) - 1))):
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logger.info('bogus line endings detected, '
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'using %r for EOL', bad_eol)
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self._eol = bad_eol
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break
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# exit early if not at end of headers
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if self._end_headers not in self.raw_response or self.headers:
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return
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# handle 100-continue response
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hdrs, body = self.raw_response.split(self._end_headers, 1)
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http_ver, status = hdrs.split(' ', 1)
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if status.startswith('100'):
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self.raw_response = body
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logger.debug('continue seen, setting body to %r', body)
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return
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# arriving here means we should parse response headers
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# as all headers have arrived completely
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hdrs, body = self.raw_response.split(self._end_headers, 1)
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del self.raw_response
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if self._eol in hdrs:
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self.status_line, hdrs = hdrs.split(self._eol, 1)
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else:
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self.status_line = hdrs
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hdrs = ''
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# TODO HTTP < 1.0 support
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(self.http_version, self.status,
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self.reason) = self.status_line.split(' ', 2)
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self.status = int(self.status)
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if self._eol != EOL:
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hdrs = hdrs.replace(self._eol, '\r\n')
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headers = rfc822.Message(cStringIO.StringIO(hdrs))
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if HDR_CONTENT_LENGTH in headers:
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self._content_len = int(headers[HDR_CONTENT_LENGTH])
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if self.http_version == HTTP_VER_1_0:
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self.will_close = True
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elif HDR_CONNECTION_CTRL in headers:
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self.will_close = (
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headers[HDR_CONNECTION_CTRL].lower() == CONNECTION_CLOSE)
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if self._content_len == 0:
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self._content_len = _LEN_CLOSE_IS_END
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if (HDR_XFER_ENCODING in headers
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and headers[HDR_XFER_ENCODING].lower() == XFER_ENCODING_CHUNKED):
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self._body = ''
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self._chunked_parsedata(body)
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self._chunked = True
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if self._body is None:
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self._body = body
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self.headers = headers
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class HTTPConnection(object):
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"""Connection to a single http server.
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Supports 100-continue and keepalives natively. Uses select() for
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non-blocking socket operations.
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"""
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http_version = HTTP_VER_1_1
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response_class = HTTPResponse
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def __init__(self, host, port=None, use_ssl=None, ssl_validator=None,
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timeout=TIMEOUT_DEFAULT,
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continue_timeout=TIMEOUT_ASSUME_CONTINUE,
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proxy_hostport=None, **ssl_opts):
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"""Create a new HTTPConnection.
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Args:
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host: The host to which we'll connect.
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port: Optional. The port over which we'll connect. Default 80 for
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non-ssl, 443 for ssl.
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use_ssl: Optional. Wether to use ssl. Defaults to False if port is
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not 443, true if port is 443.
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ssl_validator: a function(socket) to validate the ssl cert
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timeout: Optional. Connection timeout, default is TIMEOUT_DEFAULT.
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continue_timeout: Optional. Timeout for waiting on an expected
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"100 Continue" response. Default is TIMEOUT_ASSUME_CONTINUE.
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proxy_hostport: Optional. Tuple of (host, port) to use as an http
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proxy for the connection. Default is to not use a proxy.
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"""
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if port is None and host.count(':') == 1 or ']:' in host:
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host, port = host.rsplit(':', 1)
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port = int(port)
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if '[' in host:
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host = host[1:-1]
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if use_ssl is None and port is None:
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use_ssl = False
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port = 80
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elif use_ssl is None:
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use_ssl = (port == 443)
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elif port is None:
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port = (use_ssl and 443 or 80)
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self.port = port
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if use_ssl and not socketutil.have_ssl:
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raise Exception('ssl requested but unavailable on this Python')
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self.ssl = use_ssl
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self.ssl_opts = ssl_opts
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self._ssl_validator = ssl_validator
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self.host = host
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self.sock = None
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self._current_response = None
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self._current_response_taken = False
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if proxy_hostport is None:
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self._proxy_host = self._proxy_port = None
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else:
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self._proxy_host, self._proxy_port = proxy_hostport
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self.timeout = timeout
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self.continue_timeout = continue_timeout
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def _connect(self):
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"""Connect to the host and port specified in __init__."""
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if self.sock:
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return
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if self._proxy_host is not None:
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logger.info('Connecting to http proxy %s:%s',
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self._proxy_host, self._proxy_port)
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sock = socketutil.create_connection((self._proxy_host,
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self._proxy_port))
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if self.ssl:
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# TODO proxy header support
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data = self.buildheaders('CONNECT', '%s:%d' % (self.host,
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self.port),
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{}, HTTP_VER_1_0)
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sock.send(data)
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sock.setblocking(0)
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r = self.response_class(sock, self.timeout)
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timeout_exc = HTTPTimeoutException(
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'Timed out waiting for CONNECT response from proxy')
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while not r.complete():
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try:
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if not r._select():
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raise timeout_exc
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except HTTPTimeoutException:
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# This raise/except pattern looks goofy, but
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# _select can raise the timeout as well as the
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# loop body. I wish it wasn't this convoluted,
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# but I don't have a better solution
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# immediately handy.
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raise timeout_exc
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if r.status != 200:
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raise HTTPProxyConnectFailedException(
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'Proxy connection failed: %d %s' % (r.status,
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r.read()))
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logger.info('CONNECT (for SSL) to %s:%s via proxy succeeded.',
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self.host, self.port)
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else:
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sock = socketutil.create_connection((self.host, self.port))
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if self.ssl:
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logger.debug('wrapping socket for ssl with options %r',
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self.ssl_opts)
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sock = socketutil.wrap_socket(sock, **self.ssl_opts)
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if self._ssl_validator:
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self._ssl_validator(sock)
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sock.setblocking(0)
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self.sock = sock
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def buildheaders(self, method, path, headers, http_ver):
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if self.ssl and self.port == 443 or self.port == 80:
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# default port for protocol, so leave it out
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hdrhost = self.host
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else:
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# include nonstandard port in header
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if ':' in self.host: # must be IPv6
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hdrhost = '[%s]:%d' % (self.host, self.port)
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else:
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hdrhost = '%s:%d' % (self.host, self.port)
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if self._proxy_host and not self.ssl:
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# When talking to a regular http proxy we must send the
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# full URI, but in all other cases we must not (although
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# technically RFC 2616 says servers must accept our
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# request if we screw up, experimentally few do that
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# correctly.)
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assert path[0] == '/', 'path must start with a /'
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path = 'http://%s%s' % (hdrhost, path)
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|
|
outgoing = ['%s %s %s%s' % (method, path, http_ver, EOL)]
|
|
|
headers['host'] = ('Host', hdrhost)
|
|
|
headers[HDR_ACCEPT_ENCODING] = (HDR_ACCEPT_ENCODING, 'identity')
|
|
|
for hdr, val in headers.itervalues():
|
|
|
outgoing.append('%s: %s%s' % (hdr, val, EOL))
|
|
|
outgoing.append(EOL)
|
|
|
return ''.join(outgoing)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
|
"""Close the connection to the server.
|
|
|
|
|
|
This is a no-op if the connection is already closed. The
|
|
|
connection may automatically close if requessted by the server
|
|
|
or required by the nature of a response.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
if self.sock is None:
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
self.sock.close()
|
|
|
self.sock = None
|
|
|
logger.info('closed connection to %s on %s', self.host, self.port)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def busy(self):
|
|
|
"""Returns True if this connection object is currently in use.
|
|
|
|
|
|
If a response is still pending, this will return True, even if
|
|
|
the request has finished sending. In the future,
|
|
|
HTTPConnection may transparently juggle multiple connections
|
|
|
to the server, in which case this will be useful to detect if
|
|
|
any of those connections is ready for use.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
cr = self._current_response
|
|
|
if cr is not None:
|
|
|
if self._current_response_taken:
|
|
|
if cr.will_close:
|
|
|
self.sock = None
|
|
|
self._current_response = None
|
|
|
return False
|
|
|
elif cr.complete():
|
|
|
self._current_response = None
|
|
|
return False
|
|
|
return True
|
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
|
|
def request(self, method, path, body=None, headers={},
|
|
|
expect_continue=False):
|
|
|
"""Send a request to the server.
|
|
|
|
|
|
For increased flexibility, this does not return the response
|
|
|
object. Future versions of HTTPConnection that juggle multiple
|
|
|
sockets will be able to send (for example) 5 requests all at
|
|
|
once, and then let the requests arrive as data is
|
|
|
available. Use the `getresponse()` method to retrieve the
|
|
|
response.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
if self.busy():
|
|
|
raise httplib.CannotSendRequest(
|
|
|
'Can not send another request before '
|
|
|
'current response is read!')
|
|
|
self._current_response_taken = False
|
|
|
|
|
|
logger.info('sending %s request for %s to %s on port %s',
|
|
|
method, path, self.host, self.port)
|
|
|
hdrs = dict((k.lower(), (k, v)) for k, v in headers.iteritems())
|
|
|
if hdrs.get('expect', ('', ''))[1].lower() == '100-continue':
|
|
|
expect_continue = True
|
|
|
elif expect_continue:
|
|
|
hdrs['expect'] = ('Expect', '100-Continue')
|
|
|
|
|
|
chunked = False
|
|
|
if body and HDR_CONTENT_LENGTH not in hdrs:
|
|
|
if getattr(body, '__len__', False):
|
|
|
hdrs[HDR_CONTENT_LENGTH] = (HDR_CONTENT_LENGTH, len(body))
|
|
|
elif getattr(body, 'read', False):
|
|
|
hdrs[HDR_XFER_ENCODING] = (HDR_XFER_ENCODING,
|
|
|
XFER_ENCODING_CHUNKED)
|
|
|
chunked = True
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
raise BadRequestData('body has no __len__() nor read()')
|
|
|
|
|
|
self._connect()
|
|
|
outgoing_headers = self.buildheaders(
|
|
|
method, path, hdrs, self.http_version)
|
|
|
response = None
|
|
|
first = True
|
|
|
|
|
|
def reconnect(where):
|
|
|
logger.info('reconnecting during %s', where)
|
|
|
self.close()
|
|
|
self._connect()
|
|
|
|
|
|
while ((outgoing_headers or body)
|
|
|
and not (response and response.complete())):
|
|
|
select_timeout = self.timeout
|
|
|
out = outgoing_headers or body
|
|
|
blocking_on_continue = False
|
|
|
if expect_continue and not outgoing_headers and not (
|
|
|
response and response.headers):
|
|
|
logger.info(
|
|
|
'waiting up to %s seconds for'
|
|
|
' continue response from server',
|
|
|
self.continue_timeout)
|
|
|
select_timeout = self.continue_timeout
|
|
|
blocking_on_continue = True
|
|
|
out = False
|
|
|
if out:
|
|
|
w = [self.sock]
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
w = []
|
|
|
r, w, x = select.select([self.sock], w, [], select_timeout)
|
|
|
# if we were expecting a 100 continue and it's been long
|
|
|
# enough, just go ahead and assume it's ok. This is the
|
|
|
# recommended behavior from the RFC.
|
|
|
if r == w == x == []:
|
|
|
if blocking_on_continue:
|
|
|
expect_continue = False
|
|
|
logger.info('no response to continue expectation from '
|
|
|
'server, optimistically sending request body')
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
raise HTTPTimeoutException('timeout sending data')
|
|
|
# TODO exceptional conditions with select? (what are those be?)
|
|
|
# TODO if the response is loading, must we finish sending at all?
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
# Certainly not if it's going to close the connection and/or
|
|
|
# the response is already done...I think.
|
|
|
was_first = first
|
|
|
|
|
|
# incoming data
|
|
|
if r:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
data = r[0].recv(INCOMING_BUFFER_SIZE)
|
|
|
if not data:
|
|
|
logger.info('socket appears closed in read')
|
|
|
outgoing_headers = body = None
|
|
|
break
|
|
|
if response is None:
|
|
|
response = self.response_class(r[0], self.timeout)
|
|
|
response._load_response(data)
|
|
|
if (response._content_len == _LEN_CLOSE_IS_END
|
|
|
and len(data) == 0):
|
|
|
response._content_len = len(response._body)
|
|
|
if response.complete():
|
|
|
w = []
|
|
|
response.will_close = True
|
|
|
except socket.error, e:
|
|
|
if e[0] != errno.EPIPE and not was_first:
|
|
|
raise
|
|
|
if (response._content_len
|
|
|
and response._content_len != _LEN_CLOSE_IS_END):
|
|
|
outgoing_headers = sent_data + outgoing_headers
|
|
|
reconnect('read')
|
|
|
|
|
|
# outgoing data
|
|
|
if w and out:
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
if getattr(out, 'read', False):
|
|
|
data = out.read(OUTGOING_BUFFER_SIZE)
|
|
|
if not data:
|
|
|
continue
|
|
|
if len(data) < OUTGOING_BUFFER_SIZE:
|
|
|
if chunked:
|
|
|
body = '0' + EOL + EOL
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
body = None
|
|
|
if chunked:
|
|
|
out = hex(len(data))[2:] + EOL + data + EOL
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
out = data
|
|
|
amt = w[0].send(out)
|
|
|
except socket.error, e:
|
|
|
if e[0] == socket.SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE and self.ssl:
|
|
|
# This means that SSL hasn't flushed its buffer into
|
|
|
# the socket yet.
|
|
|
# TODO: find a way to block on ssl flushing its buffer
|
|
|
# similar to selecting on a raw socket.
|
|
|
continue
|
|
|
elif (e[0] not in (errno.ECONNRESET, errno.EPIPE)
|
|
|
and not first):
|
|
|
raise
|
|
|
reconnect('write')
|
|
|
amt = self.sock.send(out)
|
|
|
logger.debug('sent %d', amt)
|
|
|
first = False
|
|
|
# stash data we think we sent in case the socket breaks
|
|
|
# when we read from it
|
|
|
if was_first:
|
|
|
sent_data = out[:amt]
|
|
|
if out is body:
|
|
|
body = out[amt:]
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
outgoing_headers = out[amt:]
|
|
|
|
|
|
# close if the server response said to or responded before eating
|
|
|
# the whole request
|
|
|
if response is None:
|
|
|
response = self.response_class(self.sock, self.timeout)
|
|
|
complete = response.complete()
|
|
|
data_left = bool(outgoing_headers or body)
|
|
|
if data_left:
|
|
|
logger.info('stopped sending request early, '
|
|
|
'will close the socket to be safe.')
|
|
|
response.will_close = True
|
|
|
if response.will_close:
|
|
|
# The socket will be closed by the response, so we disown
|
|
|
# the socket
|
|
|
self.sock = None
|
|
|
self._current_response = response
|
|
|
|
|
|
def getresponse(self):
|
|
|
if self._current_response is None:
|
|
|
raise httplib.ResponseNotReady()
|
|
|
r = self._current_response
|
|
|
while r.headers is None:
|
|
|
r._select()
|
|
|
if r.will_close:
|
|
|
self.sock = None
|
|
|
self._current_response = None
|
|
|
elif r.complete():
|
|
|
self._current_response = None
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
self._current_response_taken = True
|
|
|
return r
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class HTTPTimeoutException(httplib.HTTPException):
|
|
|
"""A timeout occurred while waiting on the server."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class BadRequestData(httplib.HTTPException):
|
|
|
"""Request body object has neither __len__ nor read."""
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class HTTPProxyConnectFailedException(httplib.HTTPException):
|
|
|
"""Connecting to the HTTP proxy failed."""
|
|
|
# no-check-code
|
|
|
|
