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@@ -11,6 +11,7 b' Using IPython for interactive work'
11 reference
11 reference
12 shell
12 shell
13 tips
13 tips
14 python-ipython-diff
14
15
15 .. seealso::
16 .. seealso::
16
17
@@ -7,7 +7,7 b' language and what are the specific construct you can do only in IPython.'
7
7
8 Unless expressed otherwise all of the construct you will see here will raise a
8 Unless expressed otherwise all of the construct you will see here will raise a
9 ``SyntaxError`` if run in a pure Python shell, or if executing in a Python
9 ``SyntaxError`` if run in a pure Python shell, or if executing in a Python
10 script.
10 script.
11
11
12 Each of these features are describe more in details in further part of the documentation.
12 Each of these features are describe more in details in further part of the documentation.
13
13
@@ -56,7 +56,7 b' All the following construct are valid IPython syntax:'
56 In [1]: %%perl magic --function
56 In [1]: %%perl magic --function
57 ...: @months = ("July", "August", "September");
57 ...: @months = ("July", "August", "September");
58 ...: print $months[0];
58 ...: print $months[0];
59
59
60
60
61 Each of these construct is compile by IPython into valid python code and will
61 Each of these construct is compile by IPython into valid python code and will
62 do most of the time what you expect it will do. Let see each of these example
62 do most of the time what you expect it will do. Let see each of these example
@@ -100,7 +100,7 b' namespace will show help relative to this object:'
100
100
101
101
102 A double question mark will try to pull out more information about the object,
102 A double question mark will try to pull out more information about the object,
103 and if possible display the python source code of this object.
103 and if possible display the python source code of this object.
104
104
105 .. code-block:: ipython
105 .. code-block:: ipython
106
106
@@ -143,7 +143,7 b' Shell Assignment'
143
143
144
144
145 When doing interactive computing it is common to need to access the underlying shell.
145 When doing interactive computing it is common to need to access the underlying shell.
146 This is doable through the use of the exclamation mark ``!`` (or bang).
146 This is doable through the use of the exclamation mark ``!`` (or bang).
147
147
148 This allow to execute simple command when present in beginning of line:
148 This allow to execute simple command when present in beginning of line:
149
149
@@ -179,7 +179,7 b' The later form of expansion supports arbitrary python expression:'
179 The bang can also be present in the right hand side of an assignment, just
179 The bang can also be present in the right hand side of an assignment, just
180 after the equal sign, or separated from it by a white space. In which case the
180 after the equal sign, or separated from it by a white space. In which case the
181 standard output of the command after the bang ``!`` will be split out into lines
181 standard output of the command after the bang ``!`` will be split out into lines
182 in a list-like object (:see:`IPython Slist`) and assign to the left hand side.
182 in a list-like object (:ref:`IPython Slist`) and assign to the left hand side.
183
183
184 This allow you for example to put the list of files of the current working directory in a variable:
184 This allow you for example to put the list of files of the current working directory in a variable:
185
185
@@ -205,7 +205,7 b' Magics'
205 Magics function are often present in the form of shell-like syntax, but are
205 Magics function are often present in the form of shell-like syntax, but are
206 under the hood python function. The syntax and assignment possibility are
206 under the hood python function. The syntax and assignment possibility are
207 similar to the one with the bang (``!``) syntax, but with more flexibility and
207 similar to the one with the bang (``!``) syntax, but with more flexibility and
208 power. Magic function start with a percent sign (``%``) or double percent (``%%``).
208 power. Magic function start with a percent sign (``%``) or double percent (``%%``).
209
209
210 A magic call with a sign percent will act only one line:
210 A magic call with a sign percent will act only one line:
211
211
@@ -19,7 +19,7 b' file and ignore your configuration setup.'
19
19
20 Please note that some of the configuration options are not available at
20 Please note that some of the configuration options are not available at
21 the command line, simply because they are not practical here. Look into
21 the command line, simply because they are not practical here. Look into
22 your configuration files for details on those. There are separate configuration
22 your configuration files for details on those. There are separate configuration
23 files for each profile, and the files look like :file:`ipython_config.py` or
23 files for each profile, and the files look like :file:`ipython_config.py` or
24 :file:`ipython_config_{frontendname}.py`. Profile directories look like
24 :file:`ipython_config_{frontendname}.py`. Profile directories look like
25 :file:`profile_{profilename}` and are typically installed in the :envvar:`IPYTHONDIR` directory,
25 :file:`profile_{profilename}` and are typically installed in the :envvar:`IPYTHONDIR` directory,
@@ -95,17 +95,17 b' the same name::'
95 /home/fperez
95 /home/fperez
96
96
97 The following uses the builtin :magic:`timeit` in cell mode::
97 The following uses the builtin :magic:`timeit` in cell mode::
98
98
99 In [10]: %%timeit x = range(10000)
99 In [10]: %%timeit x = range(10000)
100 ...: min(x)
100 ...: min(x)
101 ...: max(x)
101 ...: max(x)
102 ...:
102 ...:
103 1000 loops, best of 3: 438 us per loop
103 1000 loops, best of 3: 438 us per loop
104
104
105 In this case, ``x = range(10000)`` is called as the line argument, and the
105 In this case, ``x = range(10000)`` is called as the line argument, and the
106 block with ``min(x)`` and ``max(x)`` is called as the cell body. The
106 block with ``min(x)`` and ``max(x)`` is called as the cell body. The
107 :magic:`timeit` magic receives both.
107 :magic:`timeit` magic receives both.
108
108
109 If you have 'automagic' enabled (as it is by default), you don't need to type in
109 If you have 'automagic' enabled (as it is by default), you don't need to type in
110 the single ``%`` explicitly for line magics; IPython will scan its internal
110 the single ``%`` explicitly for line magics; IPython will scan its internal
111 list of magic functions and call one if it exists. With automagic on you can
111 list of magic functions and call one if it exists. With automagic on you can
@@ -116,7 +116,7 b" then just type ``cd mydir`` to go to directory 'mydir'::"
116
116
117 Cell magics *always* require an explicit ``%%`` prefix, automagic
117 Cell magics *always* require an explicit ``%%`` prefix, automagic
118 calling only works for line magics.
118 calling only works for line magics.
119
119
120 The automagic system has the lowest possible precedence in name searches, so
120 The automagic system has the lowest possible precedence in name searches, so
121 you can freely use variables with the same names as magic commands. If a magic
121 you can freely use variables with the same names as magic commands. If a magic
122 command is 'shadowed' by a variable, you will need the explicit ``%`` prefix to
122 command is 'shadowed' by a variable, you will need the explicit ``%`` prefix to
@@ -146,7 +146,7 b' use it:'
146 /home/fperez/ipython
146 /home/fperez/ipython
147
147
148 Line magics, if they return a value, can be assigned to a variable using the syntax
148 Line magics, if they return a value, can be assigned to a variable using the syntax
149 ``l = %sx ls`` (which in this particular case returns the result of `ls` as a python list).
149 ``l = %sx ls`` (which in this particular case returns the result of `ls` as a python list).
150 See :ref:`below <manual_capture>` for more information.
150 See :ref:`below <manual_capture>` for more information.
151
151
152 Type ``%magic`` for more information, including a list of all available magic
152 Type ``%magic`` for more information, including a list of all available magic
@@ -326,9 +326,9 b' You can assign the result of a system command to a Python variable with the'
326 syntax ``myfiles = !ls``. Similarly, the result of a magic (as long as it returns
326 syntax ``myfiles = !ls``. Similarly, the result of a magic (as long as it returns
327 a value) can be assigned to a variable. For example, the syntax ``myfiles = %sx ls``
327 a value) can be assigned to a variable. For example, the syntax ``myfiles = %sx ls``
328 is equivalent to the above system command example (the :magic:`sx` magic runs a shell command
328 is equivalent to the above system command example (the :magic:`sx` magic runs a shell command
329 and captures the output). Each of these gets machine
329 and captures the output). Each of these gets machine
330 readable output from stdout (e.g. without colours), and splits on newlines. To
330 readable output from stdout (e.g. without colours), and splits on newlines. To
331 explicitly get this sort of output without assigning to a variable, use two
331 explicitly get this sort of output without assigning to a variable, use two
332 exclamation marks (``!!ls``) or the :magic:`sx` magic command without an assignment.
332 exclamation marks (``!!ls``) or the :magic:`sx` magic command without an assignment.
333 (However, ``!!`` commands cannot be assigned to a variable.)
333 (However, ``!!`` commands cannot be assigned to a variable.)
334
334
@@ -340,8 +340,8 b' See :ref:`string_lists` for details.'
340 IPython also allows you to expand the value of python variables when
340 IPython also allows you to expand the value of python variables when
341 making system calls. Wrap variables or expressions in {braces}::
341 making system calls. Wrap variables or expressions in {braces}::
342
342
343 In [1]: pyvar = 'Hello world'
343 In [1]: pyvar = 'Hello world'
344 In [2]: !echo "A python variable: {pyvar}"
344 In [2]: !echo "A python variable: {pyvar}"
345 A python variable: Hello world
345 A python variable: Hello world
346 In [3]: import math
346 In [3]: import math
347 In [4]: x = 8
347 In [4]: x = 8
@@ -350,7 +350,7 b' making system calls. Wrap variables or expressions in {braces}::'
350
350
351 For simple cases, you can alternatively prepend $ to a variable name::
351 For simple cases, you can alternatively prepend $ to a variable name::
352
352
353 In [6]: !echo $sys.argv
353 In [6]: !echo $sys.argv
354 [/home/fperez/usr/bin/ipython]
354 [/home/fperez/usr/bin/ipython]
355 In [7]: !echo "A system variable: $$HOME" # Use $$ for literal $
355 In [7]: !echo "A system variable: $$HOME" # Use $$ for literal $
356 A system variable: /home/fperez
356 A system variable: /home/fperez
@@ -376,7 +376,7 b' replaced by a positional parameter to the call to %parts::'
376 In [1]: %alias parts echo first %s second %s
376 In [1]: %alias parts echo first %s second %s
377 In [2]: parts A B
377 In [2]: parts A B
378 first A second B
378 first A second B
379 In [3]: parts A
379 In [3]: parts A
380 ERROR: Alias <parts> requires 2 arguments, 1 given.
380 ERROR: Alias <parts> requires 2 arguments, 1 given.
381
381
382 If called with no parameters, :magic:`alias` prints the table of currently
382 If called with no parameters, :magic:`alias` prints the table of currently
@@ -420,8 +420,8 b' Input caching system'
420 --------------------
420 --------------------
421
421
422 IPython offers numbered prompts (In/Out) with input and output caching
422 IPython offers numbered prompts (In/Out) with input and output caching
423 (also referred to as 'input history'). All input is saved and can be
423 (also referred to as 'input history'). All input is saved and can be
424 retrieved as variables (besides the usual arrow key recall), in
424 retrieved as variables (besides the usual arrow key recall), in
425 addition to the :magic:`rep` magic command that brings a history entry
425 addition to the :magic:`rep` magic command that brings a history entry
426 up for editing on the next command line.
426 up for editing on the next command line.
427
427
@@ -451,7 +451,7 b' processing). Type %macro? for more details on the macro system.'
451 A history function :magic:`history` allows you to see any part of your input
451 A history function :magic:`history` allows you to see any part of your input
452 history by printing a range of the _i variables.
452 history by printing a range of the _i variables.
453
453
454 You can also search ('grep') through your history by typing
454 You can also search ('grep') through your history by typing
455 ``%hist -g somestring``. This is handy for searching for URLs, IP addresses,
455 ``%hist -g somestring``. This is handy for searching for URLs, IP addresses,
456 etc. You can bring history entries listed by '%hist -g' up for editing
456 etc. You can bring history entries listed by '%hist -g' up for editing
457 with the %recall command, or run them immediately with :magic:`rerun`.
457 with the %recall command, or run them immediately with :magic:`rerun`.
@@ -537,8 +537,8 b' will confuse IPython)::'
537
537
538 but this will work::
538 but this will work::
539
539
540 In [5]: /zip (1,2,3),(4,5,6)
540 In [5]: /zip (1,2,3),(4,5,6)
541 ------> zip ((1,2,3),(4,5,6))
541 ------> zip ((1,2,3),(4,5,6))
542 Out[5]: [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]
542 Out[5]: [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]
543
543
544 IPython tells you that it has altered your command line by displaying
544 IPython tells you that it has altered your command line by displaying
@@ -648,7 +648,7 b' them separately, for example with different options for data'
648 presentation. If you close and open the same instance multiple times,
648 presentation. If you close and open the same instance multiple times,
649 its prompt counters simply continue from each execution to the next.
649 its prompt counters simply continue from each execution to the next.
650
650
651 Please look at the docstrings in the :mod:`~IPython.frontend.terminal.embed`
651 Please look at the docstrings in the :mod:`~IPython.frontend.terminal.embed`
652 module for more details on the use of this system.
652 module for more details on the use of this system.
653
653
654 The following sample file illustrating how to use the embedding
654 The following sample file illustrating how to use the embedding
@@ -682,7 +682,7 b' For more information on the use of the pdb debugger, see :ref:`debugger-commands'
682 in the Python documentation.
682 in the Python documentation.
683
683
684 IPython extends the debugger with a few useful additions, like coloring of
684 IPython extends the debugger with a few useful additions, like coloring of
685 tracebacks. The debugger will adopt the color scheme selected for IPython.
685 tracebacks. The debugger will adopt the color scheme selected for IPython.
686
686
687 The ``where`` command has also been extended to take as argument the number of
687 The ``where`` command has also been extended to take as argument the number of
688 context line to show. This allows to a many line of context on shallow stack trace:
688 context line to show. This allows to a many line of context on shallow stack trace:
@@ -697,7 +697,7 b' context line to show. This allows to a many line of context on shallow stack tra'
697 ...: 6
697 ...: 6
698 ...: 7
698 ...: 7
699 ...:
699 ...:
700
700
701 In[6]: foo(1)
701 In[6]: foo(1)
702 # ...
702 # ...
703 ipdb> where 8
703 ipdb> where 8
@@ -797,7 +797,7 b' standard Python tutorial::'
797 In [4]: >>> while b < 10:
797 In [4]: >>> while b < 10:
798 ...: ... print(b)
798 ...: ... print(b)
799 ...: ... a, b = b, a+b
799 ...: ... a, b = b, a+b
800 ...:
800 ...:
801 1
801 1
802 1
802 1
803 2
803 2
@@ -810,7 +810,7 b' And pasting from IPython sessions works equally well::'
810 In [1]: In [5]: def f(x):
810 In [1]: In [5]: def f(x):
811 ...: ...: "A simple function"
811 ...: ...: "A simple function"
812 ...: ...: return x**2
812 ...: ...: return x**2
813 ...: ...:
813 ...: ...:
814
814
815 In [2]: f(3)
815 In [2]: f(3)
816 Out[2]: 9
816 Out[2]: 9
@@ -832,7 +832,7 b' advantages of this are:'
832 * GUIs can be enabled and disabled dynamically at runtime.
832 * GUIs can be enabled and disabled dynamically at runtime.
833 * The active GUI can be switched dynamically at runtime.
833 * The active GUI can be switched dynamically at runtime.
834 * In some cases, multiple GUIs can run simultaneously with no problems.
834 * In some cases, multiple GUIs can run simultaneously with no problems.
835 * There is a developer API in :mod:`IPython.lib.inputhook` for customizing
835 * There is a developer API in :mod:`IPython.lib.inputhook` for customizing
836 all of these things.
836 all of these things.
837
837
838 For users, enabling GUI event loop integration is simple. You simple use the
838 For users, enabling GUI event loop integration is simple. You simple use the
@@ -848,7 +848,7 b' object, do::'
848
848
849 %gui wx
849 %gui wx
850
850
851 You can also start IPython with an event loop set up using the :option:`--gui`
851 You can also start IPython with an event loop set up using the `--gui`
852 flag::
852 flag::
853
853
854 $ ipython --gui=qt
854 $ ipython --gui=qt
@@ -862,7 +862,7 b' form of a library, these capabilities are exposed in library form in the'
862 Interested developers should see the module docstrings for more information,
862 Interested developers should see the module docstrings for more information,
863 but there are a few points that should be mentioned here.
863 but there are a few points that should be mentioned here.
864
864
865 First, the ``PyOSInputHook`` approach only works in command line settings
865 First, the ``PyOSInputHook`` approach only works in command line settings
866 where readline is activated. The integration with various eventloops
866 where readline is activated. The integration with various eventloops
867 is handled somewhat differently (and more simply) when using the standalone
867 is handled somewhat differently (and more simply) when using the standalone
868 kernel, as in the qtconsole and notebook.
868 kernel, as in the qtconsole and notebook.
@@ -918,7 +918,7 b' neither v2 PyQt nor PySide work.'
918 Note that this means for ETS 4 to work with PyQt4, ``QT_API`` *must* be set
918 Note that this means for ETS 4 to work with PyQt4, ``QT_API`` *must* be set
919 to work with IPython's qt integration, because otherwise PyQt4 will be
919 to work with IPython's qt integration, because otherwise PyQt4 will be
920 loaded in an incompatible mode.
920 loaded in an incompatible mode.
921
921
922 It also means that you must *not* have ``QT_API`` set if you want to
922 It also means that you must *not* have ``QT_API`` set if you want to
923 use ``--gui=qt`` with code that requires PyQt4 API v1.
923 use ``--gui=qt`` with code that requires PyQt4 API v1.
924
924
@@ -12,7 +12,7 b' GitHub stats for 2015/06/22 - 2015/07/12 (since 3.2)'
12 These lists are automatically generated, and may be incomplete or contain duplicates.
12 These lists are automatically generated, and may be incomplete or contain duplicates.
13
13
14 We closed 1 issue and merged 3 pull requests.
14 We closed 1 issue and merged 3 pull requests.
15 The full list can be seen `on GitHub <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/milestones/3.2.1>`_
15 The full list can be seen `on GitHub <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/milestones/3.2.1>`__
16
16
17 The following 5 authors contributed 9 commits.
17 The following 5 authors contributed 9 commits.
18
18
@@ -31,7 +31,7 b' GitHub stats for 2015/04/03 - 2015/06/21 (since 3.1)'
31 These lists are automatically generated, and may be incomplete or contain duplicates.
31 These lists are automatically generated, and may be incomplete or contain duplicates.
32
32
33 We closed 7 issues and merged 30 pull requests.
33 We closed 7 issues and merged 30 pull requests.
34 The full list can be seen `on GitHub <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/milestones/3.2>`_
34 The full list can be seen `on GitHub <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/milestones/3.2>`__
35
35
36 The following 15 authors contributed 74 commits.
36 The following 15 authors contributed 74 commits.
37
37
@@ -20,6 +20,7 b' development work they do here in a user friendly format.'
20 .. toctree::
20 .. toctree::
21 :maxdepth: 1
21 :maxdepth: 1
22
22
23 version5
23 development
24 development
24 version4
25 version4
25 github-stats-4
26 github-stats-4
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