Document that display is there by default

IPython/core/display.py

@@ -1,1296 +1,1311 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """Top-level display functions for displaying object in different formats."""
 
 # Copyright (c) IPython Development Team.
 # Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
 
 
 try:
     from base64 import encodebytes as base64_encode
 except ImportError:
     from base64 import encodestring as base64_encode
 
 from binascii import b2a_hex
 import json
 import mimetypes
 import os
 import struct
 import sys
 import warnings
 
 from IPython.utils.py3compat import cast_unicode
 from IPython.testing.skipdoctest import skip_doctest
 
 __all__ = ['display', 'display_pretty', 'display_html', 'display_markdown',
 'display_svg', 'display_png', 'display_jpeg', 'display_latex', 'display_json',
 'display_javascript', 'display_pdf', 'DisplayObject', 'TextDisplayObject',
 'Pretty', 'HTML', 'Markdown', 'Math', 'Latex', 'SVG', 'JSON', 'GeoJSON', 'Javascript',
 'Image', 'clear_output', 'set_matplotlib_formats', 'set_matplotlib_close',
 'publish_display_data', 'update_display', 'DisplayHandle', 'Video']
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # utility functions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def _safe_exists(path):
     """Check path, but don't let exceptions raise"""
     try:
         return os.path.exists(path)
     except Exception:
         return False
 
 def _merge(d1, d2):
     """Like update, but merges sub-dicts instead of clobbering at the top level.
 
     Updates d1 in-place
     """
 
     if not isinstance(d2, dict) or not isinstance(d1, dict):
         return d2
     for key, value in d2.items():
         d1[key] = _merge(d1.get(key), value)
     return d1
 
 def _display_mimetype(mimetype, objs, raw=False, metadata=None):
     """internal implementation of all display_foo methods
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     mimetype : str
         The mimetype to be published (e.g. 'image/png')
     objs : tuple of objects
         The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw text data to
         display.
     raw : bool
         Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
         formatted before display? [default: False]
     metadata : dict (optional)
         Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
     """
     if metadata:
         metadata = {mimetype: metadata}
     if raw:
         # turn list of pngdata into list of { 'image/png': pngdata }
         objs = [ {mimetype: obj} for obj in objs ]
     display(*objs, raw=raw, metadata=metadata, include=[mimetype])
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Main functions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # use * to indicate transient is keyword-only
 def publish_display_data(data, metadata=None, source=None, *, transient=None, **kwargs):
     """Publish data and metadata to all frontends.
 
     See the ``display_data`` message in the messaging documentation for
     more details about this message type.
 
     The following MIME types are currently implemented:
 
     * text/plain
     * text/html
     * text/markdown
     * text/latex
     * application/json
     * application/javascript
     * image/png
     * image/jpeg
     * image/svg+xml
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     data : dict
         A dictionary having keys that are valid MIME types (like
         'text/plain' or 'image/svg+xml') and values that are the data for
         that MIME type. The data itself must be a JSON'able data
         structure. Minimally all data should have the 'text/plain' data,
         which can be displayed by all frontends. If more than the plain
         text is given, it is up to the frontend to decide which
         representation to use.
     metadata : dict
         A dictionary for metadata related to the data. This can contain
         arbitrary key, value pairs that frontends can use to interpret
         the data. mime-type keys matching those in data can be used
         to specify metadata about particular representations.
     source : str, deprecated
         Unused.
     transient : dict, keyword-only
         A dictionary of transient data, such as display_id.
         """
     from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
 
     display_pub = InteractiveShell.instance().display_pub
 
     # only pass transient if supplied,
     # to avoid errors with older ipykernel.
     # TODO: We could check for ipykernel version and provide a detailed upgrade message.
     if transient:
         kwargs['transient'] = transient
 
     display_pub.publish(
         data=data,
         metadata=metadata,
         **kwargs
     )
 
 
 def _new_id():
     """Generate a new random text id with urandom"""
     return b2a_hex(os.urandom(16)).decode('ascii')
 
 
 def display(*objs, include=None, exclude=None, metadata=None, transient=None, display_id=None, **kwargs):
     """Display a Python object in all frontends.
 
     By default all representations will be computed and sent to the frontends.
     Frontends can decide which representation is used and how.
 
-    In terminal IPython this will be similar to using `print`, for use in richer
+    In terminal IPython this will be similar to using :func:`print`, for use in richer
     frontends see Jupyter notebook examples with rich display logic.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     objs : tuple of objects
         The Python objects to display.
     raw : bool, optional
         Are the objects to be displayed already mimetype-keyed dicts of raw display data,
         or Python objects that need to be formatted before display? [default: False]
-    include : list or tuple, optional
+    include : list, tuple or set, optional
         A list of format type strings (MIME types) to include in the
         format data dict. If this is set *only* the format types included
         in this list will be computed.
-    exclude : list or tuple, optional
+    exclude : list, tuple or set, optional
         A list of format type strings (MIME types) to exclude in the format
         data dict. If this is set all format types will be computed,
         except for those included in this argument.
     metadata : dict, optional
         A dictionary of metadata to associate with the output.
         mime-type keys in this dictionary will be associated with the individual
         representation formats, if they exist.
     transient : dict, optional
         A dictionary of transient data to associate with the output.
         Data in this dict should not be persisted to files (e.g. notebooks).
-    display_id : str, optional
+    display_id : str, bool optional
         Set an id for the display.
         This id can be used for updating this display area later via update_display.
-        If given as True, generate a new display_id
+        If given as `True`, generate a new `display_id`
     kwargs: additional keyword-args, optional
         Additional keyword-arguments are passed through to the display publisher.
 
     Returns
     -------
 
     handle: DisplayHandle
-        Returns a handle on updatable displays, if display_id is given.
-        Returns None if no display_id is given (default).
+        Returns a handle on updatable displays for use with :func:`update_display`,
+        if `display_id` is given. Returns :any:`None` if no `display_id` is given
+        (default).
 
     Examples
     --------
 
     >>> class Json(object):
     ...     def __init__(self, json):
     ...         self.json = json
     ...     def _repr_pretty_(self, pp, cycle):
     ...         import json
     ...         pp.text(json.dumps(self.json, indent=2))
     ...     def __repr__(self):
     ...         return str(self.json)
     ...
 
     >>> d = Json({1:2, 3: {4:5}})
 
     >>> print(d)
     {1: 2, 3: {4: 5}}
 
     >>> display(d)
     {
       "1": 2,
       "3": {
         "4": 5
       }
     }
 
     >>> def int_formatter(integer, pp, cycle):
     ...     pp.text('I'*integer)
 
     >>> plain = get_ipython().display_formatter.formatters['text/plain']
     >>> plain.for_type(int, int_formatter)
     <function _repr_pprint at 0x...>
     >>> display(7-5)
     II
 
     >>> del plain.type_printers[int]
     >>> display(7-5)
     2
 
     See Also
     --------
 
-    `update_display`
+    :func:`update_display`
 
     Notes
     -----
 
     In Python, objects can declare their textual representation using the
     `__repr__` method. IPython expands on this idea and allows objects to declare
     other, rich representations including:
 
       - HTML
       - JSON
       - PNG
       - JPEG
       - SVG
       - LaTeX
 
     A single object can declare some or all of these representations; all are
     handled by IPython's display system.
 
     The main idea of the first approach is that you have to implement special
     display methods when you define your class, one for each representation you
     want to use. Here is a list of the names of the special methods and the
     values they must return:
 
       - `_repr_html_`: return raw HTML as a string
       - `_repr_json_`: return a JSONable dict
       - `_repr_jpeg_`: return raw JPEG data
       - `_repr_png_`: return raw PNG data
       - `_repr_svg_`: return raw SVG data as a string
       - `_repr_latex_`: return LaTeX commands in a string surrounded by "$".
       - `_repr_mimebundle_`: return a full mimebundle containing the mapping
       from all mimetypes to data
 
     When you are directly writing your own classes, you can adapt them for
     display in IPython by following the above approach. But in practice, you
     often need to work with existing classes that you can't easily modify.
 
     You can refer to the documentation on IPython display formatters in order to
     register custom formatters for already existing types.
 
-    Since IPython 5.4 and 6.1 display is automatically made available to the
-    user without import. If you are using display in a document that might be
-    used in a pure python context or with older version of IPython, use the
+    .. versionadded:: 5.4 display available without import
+    .. versionadded:: 6.1 display available without import
+
+    Since IPython 5.4 and 6.1 :func:`display` is automatically made available to
+    the user without import. If you are using display in a document that might
+    be used in a pure python context or with older version of IPython, use the
     following import at the top of your file::
 
         from IPython.display import display
 
     """
     raw = kwargs.pop('raw', False)
     if transient is None:
         transient = {}
     if display_id:
         if display_id is True:
             display_id = _new_id()
         transient['display_id'] = display_id
     if kwargs.get('update') and 'display_id' not in transient:
         raise TypeError('display_id required for update_display')
     if transient:
         kwargs['transient'] = transient
 
     from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
 
     if not raw:
         format = InteractiveShell.instance().display_formatter.format
 
     for obj in objs:
         if raw:
             publish_display_data(data=obj, metadata=metadata, **kwargs)
         else:
             format_dict, md_dict = format(obj, include=include, exclude=exclude)
             if not format_dict:
                 # nothing to display (e.g. _ipython_display_ took over)
                 continue
             if metadata:
                 # kwarg-specified metadata gets precedence
                 _merge(md_dict, metadata)
             publish_display_data(data=format_dict, metadata=md_dict, **kwargs)
     if display_id:
         return DisplayHandle(display_id)
 
 
 # use * for keyword-only display_id arg
 def update_display(obj, *, display_id, **kwargs):
     """Update an existing display by id
 
     Parameters
     ----------
 
     obj:
         The object with which to update the display
     display_id: keyword-only
         The id of the display to update
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+
+    :func:`display`
     """
     kwargs['update'] = True
     display(obj, display_id=display_id, **kwargs)
 
 
 class DisplayHandle(object):
     """A handle on an updatable display
 
-    Call .update(obj) to display a new object.
+    Call `.update(obj)` to display a new object.
 
-    Call .display(obj) to add a new instance of this display,
+    Call `.display(obj`) to add a new instance of this display,
     and update existing instances.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+
+        :func:`display`, :func:`update_display`
+
     """
 
     def __init__(self, display_id=None):
         if display_id is None:
             display_id = _new_id()
         self.display_id = display_id
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return "<%s display_id=%s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.display_id)
 
     def display(self, obj, **kwargs):
         """Make a new display with my id, updating existing instances.
         
         Parameters
         ----------
         
         obj:
             object to display
         **kwargs:
             additional keyword arguments passed to display
         """
         display(obj, display_id=self.display_id, **kwargs)
 
     def update(self, obj, **kwargs):
         """Update existing displays with my id
         
         Parameters
         ----------
         
         obj:
             object to display
         **kwargs:
             additional keyword arguments passed to update_display
         """
         update_display(obj, display_id=self.display_id, **kwargs)
 
 
 def display_pretty(*objs, **kwargs):
     """Display the pretty (default) representation of an object.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     objs : tuple of objects
         The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw text data to
         display.
     raw : bool
         Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
         formatted before display? [default: False]
     metadata : dict (optional)
         Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
     """
     _display_mimetype('text/plain', objs, **kwargs)
 
 
 def display_html(*objs, **kwargs):
     """Display the HTML representation of an object.
 
     Note: If raw=False and the object does not have a HTML
     representation, no HTML will be shown.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     objs : tuple of objects
         The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw HTML data to
         display.
     raw : bool
         Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
         formatted before display? [default: False]
     metadata : dict (optional)
         Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
     """
     _display_mimetype('text/html', objs, **kwargs)
 
 
 def display_markdown(*objs, **kwargs):
     """Displays the Markdown representation of an object.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     objs : tuple of objects
         The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw markdown data to
         display.
     raw : bool
         Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
         formatted before display? [default: False]
     metadata : dict (optional)
         Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
     """
 
     _display_mimetype('text/markdown', objs, **kwargs)
 
 
 def display_svg(*objs, **kwargs):
     """Display the SVG representation of an object.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     objs : tuple of objects
         The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw svg data to
         display.
     raw : bool
         Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
         formatted before display? [default: False]
     metadata : dict (optional)
         Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
     """
     _display_mimetype('image/svg+xml', objs, **kwargs)
 
 
 def display_png(*objs, **kwargs):
     """Display the PNG representation of an object.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     objs : tuple of objects
         The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw png data to
         display.
     raw : bool
         Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
         formatted before display? [default: False]
     metadata : dict (optional)
         Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
     """
     _display_mimetype('image/png', objs, **kwargs)
 
 
 def display_jpeg(*objs, **kwargs):
     """Display the JPEG representation of an object.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     objs : tuple of objects
         The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw JPEG data to
         display.
     raw : bool
         Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
         formatted before display? [default: False]
     metadata : dict (optional)
         Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
     """
     _display_mimetype('image/jpeg', objs, **kwargs)
 
 
 def display_latex(*objs, **kwargs):
     """Display the LaTeX representation of an object.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     objs : tuple of objects
         The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw latex data to
         display.
     raw : bool
         Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
         formatted before display? [default: False]
     metadata : dict (optional)
         Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
     """
     _display_mimetype('text/latex', objs, **kwargs)
 
 
 def display_json(*objs, **kwargs):
     """Display the JSON representation of an object.
 
     Note that not many frontends support displaying JSON.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     objs : tuple of objects
         The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw json data to
         display.
     raw : bool
         Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
         formatted before display? [default: False]
     metadata : dict (optional)
         Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
     """
     _display_mimetype('application/json', objs, **kwargs)
 
 
 def display_javascript(*objs, **kwargs):
     """Display the Javascript representation of an object.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     objs : tuple of objects
         The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw javascript data to
         display.
     raw : bool
         Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
         formatted before display? [default: False]
     metadata : dict (optional)
         Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
     """
     _display_mimetype('application/javascript', objs, **kwargs)
 
 
 def display_pdf(*objs, **kwargs):
     """Display the PDF representation of an object.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     objs : tuple of objects
         The Python objects to display, or if raw=True raw javascript data to
         display.
     raw : bool
         Are the data objects raw data or Python objects that need to be
         formatted before display? [default: False]
     metadata : dict (optional)
         Metadata to be associated with the specific mimetype output.
     """
     _display_mimetype('application/pdf', objs, **kwargs)
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Smart classes
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class DisplayObject(object):
     """An object that wraps data to be displayed."""
 
     _read_flags = 'r'
     _show_mem_addr = False
 
     def __init__(self, data=None, url=None, filename=None):
         """Create a display object given raw data.
 
         When this object is returned by an expression or passed to the
         display function, it will result in the data being displayed
         in the frontend. The MIME type of the data should match the
         subclasses used, so the Png subclass should be used for 'image/png'
         data. If the data is a URL, the data will first be downloaded
         and then displayed. If
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         data : unicode, str or bytes
             The raw data or a URL or file to load the data from
         url : unicode
             A URL to download the data from.
         filename : unicode
             Path to a local file to load the data from.
         """
         if data is not None and isinstance(data, str):
             if data.startswith('http') and url is None:
                 url = data
                 filename = None
                 data = None
             elif _safe_exists(data) and filename is None:
                 url = None
                 filename = data
                 data = None
 
         self.data = data
         self.url = url
         self.filename = filename
 
         self.reload()
         self._check_data()
 
     def __repr__(self):
         if not self._show_mem_addr:
             cls = self.__class__
             r = "<%s.%s object>" % (cls.__module__, cls.__name__)
         else:
             r = super(DisplayObject, self).__repr__()
         return r
 
     def _check_data(self):
         """Override in subclasses if there's something to check."""
         pass
 
     def reload(self):
         """Reload the raw data from file or URL."""
         if self.filename is not None:
             with open(self.filename, self._read_flags) as f:
                 self.data = f.read()
         elif self.url is not None:
             try:
                 # Deferred import
                 from urllib.request import urlopen
                 response = urlopen(self.url)
                 self.data = response.read()
                 # extract encoding from header, if there is one:
                 encoding = None
                 for sub in response.headers['content-type'].split(';'):
                     sub = sub.strip()
                     if sub.startswith('charset'):
                         encoding = sub.split('=')[-1].strip()
                         break
                 # decode data, if an encoding was specified
                 if encoding:
                     self.data = self.data.decode(encoding, 'replace')
             except:
                 self.data = None
 
 class TextDisplayObject(DisplayObject):
     """Validate that display data is text"""
     def _check_data(self):
         if self.data is not None and not isinstance(self.data, str):
             raise TypeError("%s expects text, not %r" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.data))
 
 class Pretty(TextDisplayObject):
 
     def _repr_pretty_(self):
         return self.data
 
 
 class HTML(TextDisplayObject):
 
     def _repr_html_(self):
         return self.data
 
     def __html__(self):
         """
         This method exists to inform other HTML-using modules (e.g. Markupsafe,
         htmltag, etc) that this object is HTML and does not need things like
         special characters (<>&) escaped.
         """
         return self._repr_html_()
 
 
 class Markdown(TextDisplayObject):
 
     def _repr_markdown_(self):
         return self.data
 
 
 class Math(TextDisplayObject):
 
     def _repr_latex_(self):
         s = self.data.strip('$')
         return "$$%s$$" % s
 
 
 class Latex(TextDisplayObject):
 
     def _repr_latex_(self):
         return self.data
 
 
 class SVG(DisplayObject):
 
     _read_flags = 'rb'
     # wrap data in a property, which extracts the <svg> tag, discarding
     # document headers
     _data = None
 
     @property
     def data(self):
         return self._data
 
     @data.setter
     def data(self, svg):
         if svg is None:
             self._data = None
             return
         # parse into dom object
         from xml.dom import minidom
         x = minidom.parseString(svg)
         # get svg tag (should be 1)
         found_svg = x.getElementsByTagName('svg')
         if found_svg:
             svg = found_svg[0].toxml()
         else:
             # fallback on the input, trust the user
             # but this is probably an error.
             pass
         svg = cast_unicode(svg)
         self._data = svg
 
     def _repr_svg_(self):
         return self.data
 
 
 class JSON(DisplayObject):
     """JSON expects a JSON-able dict or list
 
     not an already-serialized JSON string.
 
     Scalar types (None, number, string) are not allowed, only dict or list containers.
     """
     # wrap data in a property, which warns about passing already-serialized JSON
     _data = None
     def __init__(self, data=None, url=None, filename=None, expanded=False, metadata=None, **kwargs):
         """Create a JSON display object given raw data.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         data : dict or list
             JSON data to display. Not an already-serialized JSON string.
             Scalar types (None, number, string) are not allowed, only dict
             or list containers.
         url : unicode
             A URL to download the data from.
         filename : unicode
             Path to a local file to load the data from.
         expanded : boolean
             Metadata to control whether a JSON display component is expanded.
         metadata: dict
             Specify extra metadata to attach to the json display object.
         """
         self.metadata = {'expanded': expanded}
         if metadata:
             self.metadata.update(metadata)
         if kwargs:
             self.metadata.update(kwargs)
         super(JSON, self).__init__(data=data, url=url, filename=filename)
 
     def _check_data(self):
         if self.data is not None and not isinstance(self.data, (dict, list)):
             raise TypeError("%s expects JSONable dict or list, not %r" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.data))
 
     @property
     def data(self):
         return self._data
 
     @data.setter
     def data(self, data):
         if isinstance(data, str):
             if getattr(self, 'filename', None) is None:
                 warnings.warn("JSON expects JSONable dict or list, not JSON strings")
             data = json.loads(data)
         self._data = data
 
     def _data_and_metadata(self):
         return self.data, self.metadata
 
     def _repr_json_(self):
         return self._data_and_metadata()
 
 _css_t = """$("head").append($("<link/>").attr({
   rel:  "stylesheet",
   type: "text/css",
   href: "%s"
 }));
 """
 
 _lib_t1 = """$.getScript("%s", function () {
 """
 _lib_t2 = """});
 """
 
 class GeoJSON(JSON):
     """GeoJSON expects JSON-able dict
 
     not an already-serialized JSON string.
 
     Scalar types (None, number, string) are not allowed, only dict containers.
     """
     
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         """Create a GeoJSON display object given raw data.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         data : dict or list
             VegaLite data. Not an already-serialized JSON string.
             Scalar types (None, number, string) are not allowed, only dict
             or list containers.
         url_template : string
             Leaflet TileLayer URL template: http://leafletjs.com/reference.html#url-template
         layer_options : dict
             Leaflet TileLayer options: http://leafletjs.com/reference.html#tilelayer-options
         url : unicode
             A URL to download the data from.
         filename : unicode
             Path to a local file to load the data from.
         metadata: dict
             Specify extra metadata to attach to the json display object.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         The following will display an interactive map of Mars with a point of
         interest on frontend that do support GeoJSON display.
 
             >>> from IPython.display import GeoJSON
 
             >>> GeoJSON(data={
             ...     "type": "Feature",
             ...     "geometry": {
             ...         "type": "Point",
             ...         "coordinates": [-81.327, 296.038]
             ...     }
             ... },
             ... url_template="http://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/whereonmars.cartodb.net/{basemap_id}/{z}/{x}/{y}.png",
             ... layer_options={
             ...     "basemap_id": "celestia_mars-shaded-16k_global",
             ...     "attribution" : "Celestia/praesepe",
             ...     "minZoom" : 0,
             ...     "maxZoom" : 18,
             ... })
             <IPython.core.display.GeoJSON object>
 
         In the terminal IPython, you will only see the text representation of
         the GeoJSON object.
 
         """
         
         super(GeoJSON, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
     def _ipython_display_(self):
         bundle = {
             'application/geo+json': self.data,
             'text/plain': '<IPython.display.GeoJSON object>'
         }
         metadata = {
             'application/geo+json': self.metadata
         }
         display(bundle, metadata=metadata, raw=True)
 
 class Javascript(TextDisplayObject):
 
     def __init__(self, data=None, url=None, filename=None, lib=None, css=None):
         """Create a Javascript display object given raw data.
 
         When this object is returned by an expression or passed to the
         display function, it will result in the data being displayed
         in the frontend. If the data is a URL, the data will first be
         downloaded and then displayed.
 
         In the Notebook, the containing element will be available as `element`,
         and jQuery will be available.  Content appended to `element` will be
         visible in the output area.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         data : unicode, str or bytes
             The Javascript source code or a URL to download it from.
         url : unicode
             A URL to download the data from.
         filename : unicode
             Path to a local file to load the data from.
         lib : list or str
             A sequence of Javascript library URLs to load asynchronously before
             running the source code. The full URLs of the libraries should
             be given. A single Javascript library URL can also be given as a
             string.
         css: : list or str
             A sequence of css files to load before running the source code.
             The full URLs of the css files should be given. A single css URL
             can also be given as a string.
         """
         if isinstance(lib, str):
             lib = [lib]
         elif lib is None:
             lib = []
         if isinstance(css, str):
             css = [css]
         elif css is None:
             css = []
         if not isinstance(lib, (list,tuple)):
             raise TypeError('expected sequence, got: %r' % lib)
         if not isinstance(css, (list,tuple)):
             raise TypeError('expected sequence, got: %r' % css)
         self.lib = lib
         self.css = css
         super(Javascript, self).__init__(data=data, url=url, filename=filename)
 
     def _repr_javascript_(self):
         r = ''
         for c in self.css:
             r += _css_t % c
         for l in self.lib:
             r += _lib_t1 % l
         r += self.data
         r += _lib_t2*len(self.lib)
         return r
 
 # constants for identifying png/jpeg data
 _PNG = b'\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n'
 _JPEG = b'\xff\xd8'
 
 def _pngxy(data):
     """read the (width, height) from a PNG header"""
     ihdr = data.index(b'IHDR')
     # next 8 bytes are width/height
     w4h4 = data[ihdr+4:ihdr+12]
     return struct.unpack('>ii', w4h4)
 
 def _jpegxy(data):
     """read the (width, height) from a JPEG header"""
     # adapted from http://www.64lines.com/jpeg-width-height
 
     idx = 4
     while True:
         block_size = struct.unpack('>H', data[idx:idx+2])[0]
         idx = idx + block_size
         if data[idx:idx+2] == b'\xFF\xC0':
             # found Start of Frame
             iSOF = idx
             break
         else:
             # read another block
             idx += 2
 
     h, w = struct.unpack('>HH', data[iSOF+5:iSOF+9])
     return w, h
 
 class Image(DisplayObject):
 
     _read_flags = 'rb'
     _FMT_JPEG = u'jpeg'
     _FMT_PNG = u'png'
     _ACCEPTABLE_EMBEDDINGS = [_FMT_JPEG, _FMT_PNG]
 
     def __init__(self, data=None, url=None, filename=None, format=None,
                  embed=None, width=None, height=None, retina=False,
                  unconfined=False, metadata=None):
         """Create a PNG/JPEG image object given raw data.
 
         When this object is returned by an input cell or passed to the
         display function, it will result in the image being displayed
         in the frontend.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         data : unicode, str or bytes
             The raw image data or a URL or filename to load the data from.
             This always results in embedded image data.
         url : unicode
             A URL to download the data from. If you specify `url=`,
             the image data will not be embedded unless you also specify `embed=True`.
         filename : unicode
             Path to a local file to load the data from.
             Images from a file are always embedded.
         format : unicode
             The format of the image data (png/jpeg/jpg). If a filename or URL is given
             for format will be inferred from the filename extension.
         embed : bool
             Should the image data be embedded using a data URI (True) or be
             loaded using an <img> tag. Set this to True if you want the image
             to be viewable later with no internet connection in the notebook.
 
             Default is `True`, unless the keyword argument `url` is set, then
             default value is `False`.
 
             Note that QtConsole is not able to display images if `embed` is set to `False`
         width : int
             Width in pixels to which to constrain the image in html
         height : int
             Height in pixels to which to constrain the image in html
         retina : bool
             Automatically set the width and height to half of the measured
             width and height.
             This only works for embedded images because it reads the width/height
             from image data.
             For non-embedded images, you can just set the desired display width
             and height directly.
         unconfined: bool
             Set unconfined=True to disable max-width confinement of the image.
         metadata: dict
             Specify extra metadata to attach to the image.
 
         Examples
         --------
         # embedded image data, works in qtconsole and notebook
         # when passed positionally, the first arg can be any of raw image data,
         # a URL, or a filename from which to load image data.
         # The result is always embedding image data for inline images.
         Image('http://www.google.fr/images/srpr/logo3w.png')
         Image('/path/to/image.jpg')
         Image(b'RAW_PNG_DATA...')
 
         # Specifying Image(url=...) does not embed the image data,
         # it only generates `<img>` tag with a link to the source.
         # This will not work in the qtconsole or offline.
         Image(url='http://www.google.fr/images/srpr/logo3w.png')
 
         """
         if filename is not None:
             ext = self._find_ext(filename)
         elif url is not None:
             ext = self._find_ext(url)
         elif data is None:
             raise ValueError("No image data found. Expecting filename, url, or data.")
         elif isinstance(data, str) and (
             data.startswith('http') or _safe_exists(data)
         ):
             ext = self._find_ext(data)
         else:
             ext = None
 
         if format is None:
             if ext is not None:
                 if ext == u'jpg' or ext == u'jpeg':
                     format = self._FMT_JPEG
                 if ext == u'png':
                     format = self._FMT_PNG
                 else:
                     format = ext.lower()
             elif isinstance(data, bytes):
                 # infer image type from image data header,
                 # only if format has not been specified.
                 if data[:2] == _JPEG:
                     format = self._FMT_JPEG
 
         # failed to detect format, default png
         if format is None:
             format = 'png'
 
         if format.lower() == 'jpg':
             # jpg->jpeg
             format = self._FMT_JPEG
 
         self.format = format.lower()
         self.embed = embed if embed is not None else (url is None)
 
         if self.embed and self.format not in self._ACCEPTABLE_EMBEDDINGS:
             raise ValueError("Cannot embed the '%s' image format" % (self.format))
         self.width = width
         self.height = height
         self.retina = retina
         self.unconfined = unconfined
         self.metadata = metadata
         super(Image, self).__init__(data=data, url=url, filename=filename)
 
         if retina:
             self._retina_shape()
 
     def _retina_shape(self):
         """load pixel-doubled width and height from image data"""
         if not self.embed:
             return
         if self.format == 'png':
             w, h = _pngxy(self.data)
         elif self.format == 'jpeg':
             w, h = _jpegxy(self.data)
         else:
             # retina only supports png
             return
         self.width = w // 2
         self.height = h // 2
 
     def reload(self):
         """Reload the raw data from file or URL."""
         if self.embed:
             super(Image,self).reload()
             if self.retina:
                 self._retina_shape()
 
     def _repr_html_(self):
         if not self.embed:
             width = height = klass = ''
             if self.width:
                 width = ' width="%d"' % self.width
             if self.height:
                 height = ' height="%d"' % self.height
             if self.unconfined:
                 klass = ' class="unconfined"'
             return u'<img src="{url}"{width}{height}{klass}/>'.format(
                 url=self.url,
                 width=width,
                 height=height,
                 klass=klass,
             )
 
     def _data_and_metadata(self):
         """shortcut for returning metadata with shape information, if defined"""
         md = {}
         if self.width:
             md['width'] = self.width
         if self.height:
             md['height'] = self.height
         if self.unconfined:
             md['unconfined'] = self.unconfined
         if self.metadata:
             md.update(self.metadata)
         if md:
             return self.data, md
         else:
             return self.data
 
     def _repr_png_(self):
         if self.embed and self.format == u'png':
             return self._data_and_metadata()
 
     def _repr_jpeg_(self):
         if self.embed and (self.format == u'jpeg' or self.format == u'jpg'):
             return self._data_and_metadata()
 
     def _find_ext(self, s):
         return s.split('.')[-1].lower()
 
 class Video(DisplayObject):
 
     def __init__(self, data=None, url=None, filename=None, embed=False, mimetype=None):
         """Create a video object given raw data or an URL.
 
         When this object is returned by an input cell or passed to the
         display function, it will result in the video being displayed
         in the frontend.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         data : unicode, str or bytes
             The raw video data or a URL or filename to load the data from.
             Raw data will require passing `embed=True`.
         url : unicode
             A URL for the video. If you specify `url=`,
             the image data will not be embedded.
         filename : unicode
             Path to a local file containing the video.
             Will be interpreted as a local URL unless `embed=True`.
         embed : bool
             Should the video be embedded using a data URI (True) or be
             loaded using a <video> tag (False).
 
             Since videos are large, embedding them should be avoided, if possible.
             You must confirm embedding as your intention by passing `embed=True`.
 
             Local files can be displayed with URLs without embedding the content, via::
 
                 Video('./video.mp4')
 
         mimetype: unicode
             Specify the mimetype for embedded videos.
             Default will be guessed from file extension, if available.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         Video('https://archive.org/download/Sita_Sings_the_Blues/Sita_Sings_the_Blues_small.mp4')
         Video('path/to/video.mp4')
         Video('path/to/video.mp4', embed=True)
         Video(b'raw-videodata', embed=True)
         """
         if url is None and isinstance(data, str) and data.startswith(('http:', 'https:')):
             url = data
             data = None
         elif os.path.exists(data):
             filename = data
             data = None
 
         if data and not embed:
             msg = ''.join([
                 "To embed videos, you must pass embed=True ",
                 "(this may make your notebook files huge)\n",
                 "Consider passing Video(url='...')",
             ])
             raise ValueError(msg)
 
         self.mimetype = mimetype
         self.embed = embed
         super(Video, self).__init__(data=data, url=url, filename=filename)
 
     def _repr_html_(self):
         # External URLs and potentially local files are not embedded into the
         # notebook output.
         if not self.embed:
             url = self.url if self.url is not None else self.filename
             output = """<video src="{0}" controls>
       Your browser does not support the <code>video</code> element.
     </video>""".format(url)
             return output
 
         # Embedded videos are base64-encoded.
         mimetype = self.mimetype
         if self.filename is not None:
             if not mimetype:
                 mimetype, _ = mimetypes.guess_type(self.filename)
 
             with open(self.filename, 'rb') as f:
                 video = f.read()
         else:
             video = self.data
         if isinstance(video, str):
             # unicode input is already b64-encoded
             b64_video = video
         else:
             b64_video = base64_encode(video).decode('ascii').rstrip()
 
         output = """<video controls>
  <source src="data:{0};base64,{1}" type="{0}">
  Your browser does not support the video tag.
  </video>""".format(mimetype, b64_video)
         return output
 
     def reload(self):
         # TODO
         pass
 
     def _repr_png_(self):
         # TODO
         pass
     def _repr_jpeg_(self):
         # TODO
         pass
 
 def clear_output(wait=False):
     """Clear the output of the current cell receiving output.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     wait : bool [default: false]
         Wait to clear the output until new output is available to replace it."""
     from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
     if InteractiveShell.initialized():
         InteractiveShell.instance().display_pub.clear_output(wait)
     else:
         print('\033[2K\r', end='')
         sys.stdout.flush()
         print('\033[2K\r', end='')
         sys.stderr.flush()
 
 
 @skip_doctest
 def set_matplotlib_formats(*formats, **kwargs):
     """Select figure formats for the inline backend. Optionally pass quality for JPEG.
 
     For example, this enables PNG and JPEG output with a JPEG quality of 90%::
 
         In [1]: set_matplotlib_formats('png', 'jpeg', quality=90)
 
     To set this in your config files use the following::
 
         c.InlineBackend.figure_formats = {'png', 'jpeg'}
         c.InlineBackend.print_figure_kwargs.update({'quality' : 90})
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     *formats : strs
         One or more figure formats to enable: 'png', 'retina', 'jpeg', 'svg', 'pdf'.
     **kwargs :
         Keyword args will be relayed to ``figure.canvas.print_figure``.
     """
     from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
     from IPython.core.pylabtools import select_figure_formats
     # build kwargs, starting with InlineBackend config
     kw = {}
     from ipykernel.pylab.config import InlineBackend
     cfg = InlineBackend.instance()
     kw.update(cfg.print_figure_kwargs)
     kw.update(**kwargs)
     shell = InteractiveShell.instance()
     select_figure_formats(shell, formats, **kw)
 
 @skip_doctest
 def set_matplotlib_close(close=True):
     """Set whether the inline backend closes all figures automatically or not.
 
     By default, the inline backend used in the IPython Notebook will close all
     matplotlib figures automatically after each cell is run. This means that
     plots in different cells won't interfere. Sometimes, you may want to make
     a plot in one cell and then refine it in later cells. This can be accomplished
     by::
 
         In [1]: set_matplotlib_close(False)
 
     To set this in your config files use the following::
 
         c.InlineBackend.close_figures = False
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     close : bool
         Should all matplotlib figures be automatically closed after each cell is
         run?
     """
     from ipykernel.pylab.config import InlineBackend
     cfg = InlineBackend.instance()
     cfg.close_figures = close

docs/source/interactive/plotting.rst

@@ -1,42 +1,67 b''
 .. _plotting:
 
+Rich Outputs
+------------
+
+One of the main feature of IPython when used as a kernel is its ability to
+show rich output. This means that object that can be representing as image,
+sounds, animation, (etc...) can be shown this way if the frontend support it.
+
+In order for this to be possible, you need to use the ``display()`` function,
+that should be available by default on IPython 5.4+ and 6.1+, or that you can
+import with ``from IPython.display import display``. Then use ``display(<your
+object>)`` instead of ``print()``, and if possible your object will be displayed
+with a richer representation. In the terminal of course, there wont be much
+difference as object are most of the time represented by text, but in notebook
+and similar interface you will get richer outputs.
+
+
 Plotting
 --------
+
+.. note::
+
+    Starting with IPython 5.0 and matplotlib 2.0 you can avoid the use of
+    IPython's specific magic and use
+    ``matplotlib.pyplot.ion()``/``matplotlib.pyplot.ioff()`` which have the
+    advantages of working outside of IPython as well.
+
+
 One major feature of the IPython kernel is the ability to display plots that 
 are the output of running code cells. The IPython kernel is designed to work 
 seamlessly with the matplotlib_ plotting library to provide this functionality.
 
 To set this up, before any plotting or import of matplotlib is performed you
 must execute the ``%matplotlib``  :ref:`magic command <magics_explained>`. This
 performs the necessary behind-the-scenes setup for IPython to work correctly
 hand in hand with ``matplotlib``; it does *not*, however, actually execute any
 Python ``import`` commands, that is, no names are added to the namespace.
 
 If the ``%matplotlib`` magic is called without an argument, the
 output of a plotting command is displayed using the default ``matplotlib``
 backend in a separate window. Alternatively, the backend can be explicitly
 requested using, for example::
 
   %matplotlib gtk
 
 A particularly interesting backend, provided by IPython, is the ``inline``
 backend.  This is available only for the Jupyter Notebook and the
 Jupyter QtConsole.  It can be invoked as follows::
 
   %matplotlib inline
 
 With this backend, the output of plotting commands is displayed *inline* within
 frontends like the Jupyter notebook, directly below the code cell that produced
 it. The resulting plots will then also be stored in the notebook document.
 
 .. seealso::
 
     `Plotting with Matplotlib`_  example notebook
 
 
 The matplotlib_ library also ships with ``%matplotlib notebook`` command that
 allows interactive figures if your environment allows it.
 
 See the matplotlib_ documentation for more information. 
 
 .. include:: ../links.txt

docs/source/whatsnew/version5.rst

@@ -1,346 +1,359 b''
 ============
  5.x Series
 ============
 
 .. _whatsnew540:
 
 IPython 5.4
 ===========
 
 IPython 5.4-LTS is the first release of IPython after the release of the 6.x
 series which is Python 3 only. It backports most of the new exposed API
 additions made in IPython 6.0 and 6.1 and avoid having to write conditional
 logics depending of the version of IPython.
 
 Please upgrade to pip 9 or greater before upgrading IPython. 
 Failing to do so on Python 2 may lead to a broken IPython install.
 
 Configurable TerminalInteractiveShell
 -------------------------------------
 
 Backported from the 6.x branch as an exceptional new feature. See
 :ghpull:`10373` and :ghissue:`10364`
 
 IPython gained a new ``c.TerminalIPythonApp.interactive_shell_class`` option
 that allow to customize the class used to start the terminal frontend. This
 should allow user to use custom interfaces, like reviving the former readline
 interface which is now a separate package not maintained by the core team.
 
 
 Define ``_repr_mimebundle_``
 ----------------------------
 
 Object can now define `_repr_mimebundle_` in place of multiple `_repr_*_`
 methods and return a full mimebundle. This greatly simplify many implementation
 and allow to publish custom mimetypes (like geojson, plotly, dataframes....).
 See the ``Cutom Display Logic`` example notebook for more informations.
 
 Execution Heuristics
 --------------------
 
 The heuristic for execution in the command line interface is now more biased
 toward executing for single statement. While in IPython 4.x and before a single
 line would be executed when enter is pressed, IPython 5.x would insert a new
 line. For single line statement this is not true anymore and if a single line is
 valid Python, IPython will execute it regardless of the cursor position. Use
 :kbd:`Ctrl-O` to insert a new line. :ghpull:`10489`
 
 
 Implement Display IDs
 ---------------------
 
 Implement display id and ability to update a given display. This should greatly
 simplify a lot of code by removing the need for widgets and allow other frontend
 to implement things like progress-bars.  See :ghpull:`10048`
 
+Display function
+----------------
+
+The :func:`display() <IPython.display.display>` function is now available by
+default in an IPython session, meaning users can call it on any object to see
+their rich representation. This should allow for better interactivity both at
+the REPL and in notebook environment.
+
+Scripts and library that rely on display and may be run outside of IPython still
+need to import the display function using ``from IPython.display import
+display``. See :ghpull:`10596`
+
+
 Miscs
 -----
 
 * ``_mp_main_`` is not reloaded which fixes issues with multiprocessing.
   :ghpull:`10523`
 * Use user colorscheme in Pdb as well :ghpull:`10479`
 * Faster shutdown. :ghpull:`10408` 
 * Fix a crash in reverse search. :ghpull:`10371`
 * added ``Completer.backslash_combining_completions`` boolean option to
  deactivate backslash-tab completion that may conflict with windows path.
 
 IPython 5.3
 ===========
 
 Released on February 24th, 2017. Remarkable changes and fixes:
 
 * Fix a bug in ``set_next_input`` leading to a crash of terminal IPython.
   :ghpull:`10231`, :ghissue:`10296`, :ghissue:`10229`
 * Always wait for editor inputhook for terminal IPython :ghpull:`10239`,
   :ghpull:`10240`
 * Disable ``_ipython_display_`` in terminal :ghpull:`10249`, :ghpull:`10274`
 * Update terminal colors to be more visible by default on windows
   :ghpull:`10260`, :ghpull:`10238`, :ghissue:`10281`
 * Add Ctrl-Z shortcut (suspend) in terminal debugger :ghpull:`10254`,
   :ghissue:`10273`
 * Indent on new line by looking at the text before the cursor :ghpull:`10264`,
   :ghpull:`10275`, :ghissue:`9283`
 * Update QtEventloop integration to fix some matplotlib integration issues
   :ghpull:`10201`, :ghpull:`10311`, :ghissue:`10201`
 * Respect completions display style in terminal debugger :ghpull:`10305`,
   :ghpull:`10313`
 * Add a config option ``TerminalInteractiveShell.extra_open_editor_shortcuts``
   to enable extra shortcuts to open the input in an editor. These are :kbd:`v`
   in vi mode, and :kbd:`C-X C-E` in emacs mode (:ghpull:`10330`).
   The :kbd:`F2` shortcut is always enabled.
 
 IPython 5.2.2
 =============
 
 * Fix error when starting with ``IPCompleter.limit_to__all__`` configured.
 
 IPython 5.2.1
 =============
 
 * Fix tab completion in the debugger. :ghpull:`10223`
 
 IPython 5.2
 ===========
 
 Released on January 29th, 2017. Remarkable changes and fixes:
 
 * restore IPython's debugger to raise on quit. :ghpull:`10009`
 * The configuration value ``c.TerminalInteractiveShell.highlighting_style`` can
   now directly take a class argument for custom color style. :ghpull:`9848`
 * Correctly handle matplotlib figures dpi :ghpull:`9868`
 * Deprecate ``-e`` flag for the ``%notebook`` magic that had no effects.
   :ghpull:`9872`
 * You can now press F2 while typing at a terminal prompt to edit the contents
   in your favourite terminal editor. Set the :envvar:`EDITOR` environment
   variable to pick which editor is used. :ghpull:`9929`
 * sdists will now only be ``.tar.gz`` as per upstream PyPI requirements.
   :ghpull:`9925`
 * :any:`IPython.core.debugger` have gained a ``set_trace()`` method for
   convenience. :ghpull:`9947`
 * The 'smart command mode' added to the debugger in 5.0 was removed, as more
   people preferred the previous behaviour. Therefore, debugger commands such as
   ``c`` will act as debugger commands even when ``c`` is defined as a variable.
   :ghpull:`10050`
 * Fixes OS X event loop issues at startup, :ghpull:`10150`
 * Deprecate the ``%autoindent`` magic. :ghpull:`10176`
 * Emit a :any:`DeprecationWarning` when setting the deprecated
   ``limit_to_all`` option of the completer. :ghpull:`10198`
 * The :cellmagic:`capture` magic can now capture the result of a cell (from an
   expression on the last line), as well as printed and displayed output.
   :ghpull:`9851`.
 
 
 Changes of behavior to :any:`InteractiveShellEmbed`.
 
 :any:`InteractiveShellEmbed` interactive behavior have changed a bit in between
 5.1 and 5.2. By default ``%kill_embedded`` magic will prevent further invocation
 of the current ``call location`` instead of preventing further invocation of
 the current instance creation location. For most use case this will not change
 much for you, though previous behavior was confusing and less consistent with
 previous IPython versions.
 
 You can now deactivate instances by using ``%kill_embedded --instance`` flag,
 (or ``-i`` in short). The ``%kill_embedded`` magic also gained a
 ``--yes``/``-y`` option which skip confirmation step, and  ``-x``/``--exit``
 which also exit the current embedded call without asking for confirmation.
 
 See :ghpull:`10207`.
 
 
 
 IPython 5.1
 ===========
 
 * Broken ``%timeit`` on Python2 due to the use of ``__qualname__``. :ghpull:`9804`
 * Restore ``%gui qt`` to create and return a ``QApplication`` if necessary. :ghpull:`9789`
 * Don't set terminal title by default. :ghpull:`9801`
 * Preserve indentation when inserting newlines with ``Ctrl-O``. :ghpull:`9770`
 * Restore completion in debugger. :ghpull:`9785`
 * Deprecate ``IPython.core.debugger.Tracer()`` in favor of simpler, newer, APIs. :ghpull:`9731`
 * Restore ``NoOpContext`` context manager removed by mistake, and add `DeprecationWarning`. :ghpull:`9765`
 * Add option allowing ``Prompt_toolkit`` to use 24bits colors. :ghpull:`9736`
 * Fix for closing interactive matplotlib windows on OS X. :ghpull:`9854`
 * An embedded interactive shell instance can be used more than once. :ghpull:`9843`
 * More robust check for whether IPython is in a terminal. :ghpull:`9833`
 * Better pretty-printing of dicts on PyPy. :ghpull:`9827`
 * Some coloured output now looks better on dark background command prompts in Windows.
   :ghpull:`9838`
 * Improved tab completion of paths on Windows . :ghpull:`9826`
 * Fix tkinter event loop integration on Python 2 with ``future`` installed. :ghpull:`9824`
 * Restore ``Ctrl-\`` as a shortcut to quit IPython.
 * Make ``get_ipython()`` accessible when modules are imported by startup files. :ghpull:`9818`
 * Add support for running directories containing a ``__main__.py`` file with the
   ``ipython`` command. :ghpull:`9813`
 
 
 True Color feature
 ------------------
 
 ``prompt_toolkit`` uses pygments styles for syntax highlighting. By default, the
 colors specified in the style are approximated using a standard 256-color
 palette. ``prompt_toolkit`` also supports 24bit, a.k.a. "true", a.k.a. 16-million
 color escape sequences which enable compatible terminals to display the exact
 colors specified instead of an approximation. This true_color option exposes
 that capability in prompt_toolkit to the IPython shell.
 
 Here is a good source for the current state of true color support in various
 terminal emulators and software projects: https://gist.github.com/XVilka/8346728
 
 
 
 IPython 5.0
 ===========
 
 Released July 7, 2016
 
 New terminal interface
 ----------------------
 
 IPython 5 features a major upgrade to the terminal interface, bringing live
 syntax highlighting as you type, proper multiline editing and multiline paste,
 and tab completions that don't clutter up your history.
 
 .. image:: ../_images/ptshell_features.png
     :alt: New terminal interface features
     :align: center
     :target: ../_images/ptshell_features.png
 
 These features are provided by the Python library `prompt_toolkit
 <http://python-prompt-toolkit.readthedocs.io/en/stable/>`__, which replaces
 ``readline`` throughout our terminal interface.
 
 Relying on this pure-Python, cross platform module also makes it simpler to
 install IPython. We have removed dependencies on ``pyreadline`` for Windows and
 ``gnureadline`` for Mac.
 
 Backwards incompatible changes
 ------------------------------
 
 - The ``%install_ext`` magic function, deprecated since 4.0, has now been deleted.
   You can distribute and install extensions as packages on PyPI.
 - Callbacks registered while an event is being handled will now only be called
   for subsequent events; previously they could be called for the current event.
   Similarly, callbacks removed while handling an event *will* always get that
   event. See :ghissue:`9447` and :ghpull:`9453`.
 - Integration with pydb has been removed since pydb development has been stopped
   since 2012, and pydb is not installable from PyPI.
 - The ``autoedit_syntax`` option has apparently been broken for many years.
   It has been removed.
 
 New terminal interface
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The overhaul of the terminal interface will probably cause a range of minor
 issues for existing users.
 This is inevitable for such a significant change, and we've done our best to
 minimise these issues.
 Some changes that we're aware of, with suggestions on how to handle them:
 
 IPython no longer uses readline configuration (``~/.inputrc``). We hope that
 the functionality you want (e.g. vi input mode) will be available by configuring
 IPython directly (see :doc:`/config/options/terminal`).
 If something's missing, please file an issue.
 
 The ``PromptManager`` class has been removed, and the prompt machinery simplified.
 See :ref:`custom_prompts` to customise prompts with the new machinery.
 
 :mod:`IPython.core.debugger` now provides a plainer interface.
 :mod:`IPython.terminal.debugger` contains the terminal debugger using
 prompt_toolkit.
 
 There are new options to configure the colours used in syntax highlighting.
 We have tried to integrate them with our classic  ``--colors`` option and
 ``%colors`` magic, but there's a mismatch in possibilities, so some configurations
 may produce unexpected results. See :ref:`termcolour` for more information.
 
 The new interface is not compatible with Emacs 'inferior-shell' feature. To
 continue using this, add the ``--simple-prompt`` flag to the command Emacs
 runs. This flag disables most IPython features, relying on Emacs to provide
 things like tab completion.
 
 Provisional Changes
 -------------------
 
 Provisional changes are experimental functionality that may, or may not, make
 it into a future version of IPython, and which API may change without warnings.
 Activating these features and using these API are at your own risk, and may have
 security implication for your system, especially if used with the Jupyter notebook,
 
 When running via the Jupyter notebook interfaces, or other compatible client,
 you can enable rich documentation experimental functionality:
 
 When the ``docrepr`` package is installed setting the boolean flag
 ``InteractiveShell.sphinxify_docstring`` to ``True``, will process the various
 object through sphinx before displaying them (see the ``docrepr`` package
 documentation for more information.
 
 You need to also enable the IPython pager display rich HTML representation
 using the ``InteractiveShell.enable_html_pager`` boolean configuration option.
 As usual you can set these configuration options globally in your configuration
 files, alternatively you can turn them on dynamically using the following
 snippet:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
     ip = get_ipython()
     ip.sphinxify_docstring = True
     ip.enable_html_pager = True
 
 
 You can test the effect of various combinations of the above configuration in
 the Jupyter notebook, with things example like :
 
 .. code-block:: ipython
 
     import numpy as np
     np.histogram?
 
 
 This is part of an effort to make Documentation in Python richer and provide in
 the long term if possible dynamic examples that can contain math, images,
 widgets... As stated above this is nightly experimental feature with a lot of
 (fun) problem to solve. We would be happy to get your feedback and expertise on
 it.
 
 
 
 Deprecated Features
 -------------------
 
 Some deprecated features are listed in this section. Don't forget to enable
 ``DeprecationWarning`` as an error if you are using IPython in a Continuous
 Integration setup or in your testing in general:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
     import warnings
     warnings.filterwarnings('error', '.*', DeprecationWarning, module='yourmodule.*')
 
 
 - ``hooks.fix_error_editor`` seems unused and is pending deprecation.
 - `IPython/core/excolors.py:ExceptionColors` is  deprecated.
 - `IPython.core.InteractiveShell:write()` is deprecated; use `sys.stdout` instead.
 - `IPython.core.InteractiveShell:write_err()` is deprecated; use `sys.stderr` instead.
 - The `formatter` keyword argument to `Inspector.info` in `IPython.core.oinspec` has no effect.
 - The `global_ns` keyword argument of IPython Embed was deprecated, and has no effect. Use `module` keyword argument instead.
 
 
 Known Issues:
 -------------
 
 - ``<Esc>`` Key does not dismiss the completer and does not clear the current
   buffer. This is an on purpose modification due to current technical
   limitation. Cf :ghpull:`9572`. Escape the control character which is used
   for other shortcut, and there is no practical way to distinguish. Use Ctr-G
   or Ctrl-C as an alternative.
 
 - Cannot use ``Shift-Enter`` and ``Ctrl-Enter`` to submit code in terminal. cf
   :ghissue:`9587` and :ghissue:`9401`. In terminal there is no practical way to
   distinguish these key sequences from a normal new line return.
 
 - ``PageUp`` and ``pageDown`` do not move through completion menu.
 
 - Color styles might not adapt to terminal emulator themes. This will need new
   version of Pygments to be released, and can be mitigated with custom themes.