Merge with upstream

IPython/frontend/_process/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 b''
+"""
+Package for dealing for process execution in a callback environment, in a
+portable way.
+
+killable_process.py is a wrapper of subprocess.Popen that allows the
+subprocess and its children to be killed in a reliable way, including
+under windows.
+
+winprocess.py is required by killable_process.py to kill processes under
+windows.
+
+piped_process.py wraps process execution with callbacks to print output,
+in a non-blocking way. It can be used to interact with a subprocess in eg
+a GUI event loop.
+"""
+
+from pipedprocess import PipedProcess
+
+

IPython/frontend/_process/killableprocess.py

@@ -0,0 +1,168 b''
+# Addapted from killableprocess.py.  
+#______________________________________________________________________________
+#
+# killableprocess - subprocesses which can be reliably killed
+#
+# Parts of this module are copied from the subprocess.py file contained
+# in the Python distribution.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2004 by Peter Astrand <[e-mail]>
+#
+# Additions and modifications written by Benjamin Smedberg
+# <[e-mail]> are Copyright (c) 2006 by the Mozilla Foundation
+# <http://www.mozilla.org/>
+#
+# By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its
+# associated documentation, you agree that you have read, understood,
+# and will comply with the following terms and conditions:
+#
+# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
+# its associated documentation for any purpose and without fee is
+# hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in
+# all copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permission
+# notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of the
+# author not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
+# distribution of the software without specific, written prior
+# permission.
+#
+# THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
+# INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS.
+# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS
+# OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+# WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
+r"""killableprocess - Subprocesses which can be reliably killed
+
+This module is a subclass of the builtin "subprocess" module. It allows
+processes that launch subprocesses to be reliably killed on Windows (via the Popen.kill() method.
+
+It also adds a timeout argument to Wait() for a limited period of time before
+forcefully killing the process.
+
+Note: On Windows, this module requires Windows 2000 or higher (no support for
+Windows 95, 98, or NT 4.0). It also requires ctypes, which is bundled with
+Python 2.5+ or available from http://python.net/crew/theller/ctypes/
+"""
+
+import subprocess
+from subprocess import PIPE
+import sys
+import os
+import time
+import types
+
+try:
+    from subprocess import CalledProcessError
+except ImportError:
+    # Python 2.4 doesn't implement CalledProcessError
+    class CalledProcessError(Exception):
+        """This exception is raised when a process run by check_call() returns
+        a non-zero exit status. The exit status will be stored in the
+        returncode attribute."""
+        def __init__(self, returncode, cmd):
+            self.returncode = returncode
+            self.cmd = cmd
+        def __str__(self):
+            return "Command '%s' returned non-zero exit status %d" % (self.cmd, self.returncode)
+
+mswindows = (sys.platform == "win32")
+
+if mswindows:
+    import winprocess
+else:
+    import signal
+
+if not mswindows:
+    def DoNothing(*args):
+        pass
+
+class Popen(subprocess.Popen):
+    if not mswindows:
+        # Override __init__ to set a preexec_fn
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            if len(args) >= 7:
+                raise Exception("Arguments preexec_fn and after must be passed by keyword.")
+
+            real_preexec_fn = kwargs.pop("preexec_fn", None)
+            def setpgid_preexec_fn():
+                os.setpgid(0, 0)
+                if real_preexec_fn:
+                    apply(real_preexec_fn)
+
+            kwargs['preexec_fn'] = setpgid_preexec_fn
+
+            subprocess.Popen.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    if mswindows:
+        def _execute_child(self, args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds,
+                           cwd, env, universal_newlines, startupinfo,
+                           creationflags, shell,
+                           p2cread, p2cwrite,
+                           c2pread, c2pwrite,
+                           errread, errwrite):
+            if not isinstance(args, types.StringTypes):
+                args = subprocess.list2cmdline(args)
+
+            if startupinfo is None:
+                startupinfo = winprocess.STARTUPINFO()
+            
+            if None not in (p2cread, c2pwrite, errwrite):
+                startupinfo.dwFlags |= winprocess.STARTF_USESTDHANDLES
+                
+                startupinfo.hStdInput = int(p2cread)
+                startupinfo.hStdOutput = int(c2pwrite)
+                startupinfo.hStdError = int(errwrite)
+            if shell:
+                startupinfo.dwFlags |= winprocess.STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW
+                startupinfo.wShowWindow = winprocess.SW_HIDE
+                comspec = os.environ.get("COMSPEC", "cmd.exe")
+                args = comspec + " /c " + args
+
+            # We create a new job for this process, so that we can kill
+            # the process and any sub-processes 
+            self._job = winprocess.CreateJobObject()
+
+            creationflags |= winprocess.CREATE_SUSPENDED
+            creationflags |= winprocess.CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT
+
+            hp, ht, pid, tid = winprocess.CreateProcess(
+                executable, args,
+                None, None, # No special security
+                1, # Must inherit handles!
+                creationflags,
+                winprocess.EnvironmentBlock(env),
+                cwd, startupinfo)
+            
+            self._child_created = True
+            self._handle = hp
+            self._thread = ht
+            self.pid = pid
+
+            winprocess.AssignProcessToJobObject(self._job, hp)
+            winprocess.ResumeThread(ht)
+
+            if p2cread is not None:
+                p2cread.Close()
+            if c2pwrite is not None:
+                c2pwrite.Close()
+            if errwrite is not None:
+                errwrite.Close()
+
+    def kill(self, group=True):
+        """Kill the process. If group=True, all sub-processes will also be killed."""
+        if mswindows:
+            if group:
+                winprocess.TerminateJobObject(self._job, 127)
+            else:
+                winprocess.TerminateProcess(self._handle, 127)
+            self.returncode = 127    
+        else:
+            if group:
+                os.killpg(self.pid, signal.SIGKILL)
+            else:
+                os.kill(self.pid, signal.SIGKILL)
+            self.returncode = -9
+
+

IPython/frontend/_process/pipedprocess.py

@@ -0,0 +1,74 b''
+# encoding: utf-8
+"""
+Object for encapsulating process execution by using callbacks for stdout, 
+stderr and stdin.
+"""
+__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
+#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+from killableprocess import Popen, PIPE
+from threading import Thread
+from time import sleep
+import os
+
+class PipedProcess(Thread):
+    """ Class that encapsulates process execution by using callbacks for
+        stdout, stderr and stdin, and providing a reliable way of
+        killing it.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, command_string, out_callback, 
+                        end_callback=None,):
+        """ command_string: the command line executed to start the
+        process. 
+
+        out_callback: the python callable called on stdout/stderr.
+
+        end_callback: an optional callable called when the process
+        finishes.
+
+        These callbacks are called from a different thread as the
+        thread from which is started.
+        """
+        self.command_string = command_string
+        self.out_callback = out_callback
+        self.end_callback = end_callback
+        Thread.__init__(self)
+    
+
+    def run(self):
+        """ Start the process and hook up the callbacks.
+        """
+        env = os.environ
+        env['TERM'] = 'xterm'
+        process = Popen((self.command_string + ' 2>&1', ), shell=True,
+                                env=env,
+                                universal_newlines=True,
+                                stdout=PIPE, stdin=PIPE, )
+        self.process = process
+        while True:
+            out_char = process.stdout.read(1)
+            if out_char == '':
+                if process.poll() is not None:
+                    # The process has finished
+                    break
+                else:
+                    # The process is not giving any interesting
+                    # output. No use polling it immediatly.
+                    sleep(0.1)
+            else:
+                self.out_callback(out_char)
+
+        if self.end_callback is not None:
+            self.end_callback()
+    
+

IPython/frontend/_process/winprocess.py

@@ -0,0 +1,264 b''
+# A module to expose various thread/process/job related structures and
+# methods from kernel32
+#
+# The MIT License
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 the Mozilla Foundation <http://www.mozilla.org>
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+# to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+# the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+# and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+# Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+# 
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+# 
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+# DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+from ctypes import c_void_p, POINTER, sizeof, Structure, windll, WinError, WINFUNCTYPE
+from ctypes.wintypes import BOOL, BYTE, DWORD, HANDLE, LPCWSTR, LPWSTR, UINT, WORD
+
+LPVOID = c_void_p
+LPBYTE = POINTER(BYTE)
+LPDWORD = POINTER(DWORD)
+
+SW_HIDE = 0
+
+def ErrCheckBool(result, func, args):
+    """errcheck function for Windows functions that return a BOOL True
+    on success"""
+    if not result:
+        raise WinError()
+    return args
+
+# CloseHandle()
+
+CloseHandleProto = WINFUNCTYPE(BOOL, HANDLE)
+CloseHandle = CloseHandleProto(("CloseHandle", windll.kernel32))
+CloseHandle.errcheck = ErrCheckBool
+
+# AutoHANDLE
+
+class AutoHANDLE(HANDLE):
+    """Subclass of HANDLE which will call CloseHandle() on deletion."""
+    def Close(self):
+        if self.value:
+            CloseHandle(self)
+            self.value = 0
+    
+    def __del__(self):
+        self.Close()
+
+    def __int__(self):
+        return self.value
+
+def ErrCheckHandle(result, func, args):
+    """errcheck function for Windows functions that return a HANDLE."""
+    if not result:
+        raise WinError()
+    return AutoHANDLE(result)
+
+# PROCESS_INFORMATION structure
+
+class PROCESS_INFORMATION(Structure):
+    _fields_ = [("hProcess", HANDLE),
+                ("hThread", HANDLE),
+                ("dwProcessID", DWORD),
+                ("dwThreadID", DWORD)]
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        Structure.__init__(self)
+        
+        self.cb = sizeof(self)
+
+LPPROCESS_INFORMATION = POINTER(PROCESS_INFORMATION)
+
+# STARTUPINFO structure
+
+class STARTUPINFO(Structure):
+    _fields_ = [("cb", DWORD),
+                ("lpReserved", LPWSTR),
+                ("lpDesktop", LPWSTR),
+                ("lpTitle", LPWSTR),
+                ("dwX", DWORD),
+                ("dwY", DWORD),
+                ("dwXSize", DWORD),
+                ("dwYSize", DWORD),
+                ("dwXCountChars", DWORD),
+                ("dwYCountChars", DWORD),
+                ("dwFillAttribute", DWORD),
+                ("dwFlags", DWORD),
+                ("wShowWindow", WORD),
+                ("cbReserved2", WORD),
+                ("lpReserved2", LPBYTE),
+                ("hStdInput", HANDLE),
+                ("hStdOutput", HANDLE),
+                ("hStdError", HANDLE)
+                ]
+LPSTARTUPINFO = POINTER(STARTUPINFO)
+
+STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW    = 0x01
+STARTF_USESIZE          = 0x02
+STARTF_USEPOSITION      = 0x04
+STARTF_USECOUNTCHARS    = 0x08
+STARTF_USEFILLATTRIBUTE = 0x10
+STARTF_RUNFULLSCREEN    = 0x20
+STARTF_FORCEONFEEDBACK  = 0x40
+STARTF_FORCEOFFFEEDBACK = 0x80
+STARTF_USESTDHANDLES    = 0x100
+
+# EnvironmentBlock
+
+class EnvironmentBlock:
+    """An object which can be passed as the lpEnv parameter of CreateProcess.
+    It is initialized with a dictionary."""
+
+    def __init__(self, dict):
+        if not dict:
+            self._as_parameter_ = None
+        else:
+            values = ["%s=%s" % (key, value)
+                      for (key, value) in dict.iteritems()]
+            values.append("")
+            self._as_parameter_ = LPCWSTR("\0".join(values))
+        
+# CreateProcess()
+
+CreateProcessProto = WINFUNCTYPE(BOOL,                  # Return type
+                                 LPCWSTR,               # lpApplicationName
+                                 LPWSTR,                # lpCommandLine
+                                 LPVOID,                # lpProcessAttributes
+                                 LPVOID,                # lpThreadAttributes
+                                 BOOL,                  # bInheritHandles
+                                 DWORD,                 # dwCreationFlags
+                                 LPVOID,                # lpEnvironment
+                                 LPCWSTR,               # lpCurrentDirectory
+                                 LPSTARTUPINFO,         # lpStartupInfo
+                                 LPPROCESS_INFORMATION  # lpProcessInformation
+                                 )
+
+CreateProcessFlags = ((1, "lpApplicationName", None),
+                      (1, "lpCommandLine"),
+                      (1, "lpProcessAttributes", None),
+                      (1, "lpThreadAttributes", None),
+                      (1, "bInheritHandles", True),
+                      (1, "dwCreationFlags", 0),
+                      (1, "lpEnvironment", None),
+                      (1, "lpCurrentDirectory", None),
+                      (1, "lpStartupInfo"),
+                      (2, "lpProcessInformation"))
+
+def ErrCheckCreateProcess(result, func, args):
+    ErrCheckBool(result, func, args)
+    # return a tuple (hProcess, hThread, dwProcessID, dwThreadID)
+    pi = args[9]
+    return AutoHANDLE(pi.hProcess), AutoHANDLE(pi.hThread), pi.dwProcessID, pi.dwThreadID
+
+CreateProcess = CreateProcessProto(("CreateProcessW", windll.kernel32),
+                                   CreateProcessFlags)
+CreateProcess.errcheck = ErrCheckCreateProcess
+
+CREATE_BREAKAWAY_FROM_JOB = 0x01000000
+CREATE_DEFAULT_ERROR_MODE = 0x04000000
+CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE = 0x00000010
+CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP = 0x00000200
+CREATE_NO_WINDOW = 0x08000000
+CREATE_SUSPENDED = 0x00000004
+CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT = 0x00000400
+DEBUG_ONLY_THIS_PROCESS = 0x00000002
+DEBUG_PROCESS = 0x00000001
+DETACHED_PROCESS = 0x00000008
+
+# CreateJobObject()
+
+CreateJobObjectProto = WINFUNCTYPE(HANDLE,             # Return type
+                                   LPVOID,             # lpJobAttributes
+                                   LPCWSTR             # lpName
+                                   )
+
+CreateJobObjectFlags = ((1, "lpJobAttributes", None),
+                        (1, "lpName", None))
+
+CreateJobObject = CreateJobObjectProto(("CreateJobObjectW", windll.kernel32),
+                                       CreateJobObjectFlags)
+CreateJobObject.errcheck = ErrCheckHandle
+
+# AssignProcessToJobObject()
+
+AssignProcessToJobObjectProto = WINFUNCTYPE(BOOL,      # Return type
+                                            HANDLE,    # hJob
+                                            HANDLE     # hProcess
+                                            )
+AssignProcessToJobObjectFlags = ((1, "hJob"),
+                                 (1, "hProcess"))
+AssignProcessToJobObject = AssignProcessToJobObjectProto(
+    ("AssignProcessToJobObject", windll.kernel32),
+    AssignProcessToJobObjectFlags)
+AssignProcessToJobObject.errcheck = ErrCheckBool
+
+# ResumeThread()
+
+def ErrCheckResumeThread(result, func, args):
+    if result == -1:
+        raise WinError()
+
+    return args
+
+ResumeThreadProto = WINFUNCTYPE(DWORD,      # Return type
+                                HANDLE      # hThread
+                                )
+ResumeThreadFlags = ((1, "hThread"),)
+ResumeThread = ResumeThreadProto(("ResumeThread", windll.kernel32),
+                                 ResumeThreadFlags)
+ResumeThread.errcheck = ErrCheckResumeThread
+
+# TerminateJobObject()
+
+TerminateJobObjectProto = WINFUNCTYPE(BOOL,   # Return type
+                                      HANDLE, # hJob
+                                      UINT    # uExitCode
+                                      )
+TerminateJobObjectFlags = ((1, "hJob"),
+                           (1, "uExitCode", 127))
+TerminateJobObject = TerminateJobObjectProto(
+    ("TerminateJobObject", windll.kernel32),
+    TerminateJobObjectFlags)
+TerminateJobObject.errcheck = ErrCheckBool
+
+# WaitForSingleObject()
+
+WaitForSingleObjectProto = WINFUNCTYPE(DWORD,  # Return type
+                                       HANDLE, # hHandle
+                                       DWORD,  # dwMilliseconds
+                                       )
+WaitForSingleObjectFlags = ((1, "hHandle"),
+                            (1, "dwMilliseconds", -1))
+WaitForSingleObject = WaitForSingleObjectProto(
+    ("WaitForSingleObject", windll.kernel32),
+    WaitForSingleObjectFlags)
+
+INFINITE = -1
+WAIT_TIMEOUT = 0x0102
+WAIT_OBJECT_0 = 0x0
+WAIT_ABANDONED = 0x0080
+
+# GetExitCodeProcess()
+
+GetExitCodeProcessProto = WINFUNCTYPE(BOOL,    # Return type
+                                      HANDLE,  # hProcess
+                                      LPDWORD, # lpExitCode
+                                      )
+GetExitCodeProcessFlags = ((1, "hProcess"),
+                           (2, "lpExitCode"))
+GetExitCodeProcess = GetExitCodeProcessProto(
+    ("GetExitCodeProcess", windll.kernel32),
+    GetExitCodeProcessFlags)
+GetExitCodeProcess.errcheck = ErrCheckBool

IPython/frontend/asyncfrontendbase.py

@@ -0,0 +1,92 b''
+"""
+Base front end class for all async frontends.
+"""
+__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
+#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+import uuid
+
+try:
+    from zope.interface import Interface, Attribute, implements, classProvides
+except ImportError, e:
+    e.message = """%s
+________________________________________________________________________________
+zope.interface is required to run asynchronous frontends.""" % e.message
+    e.args = (e.message, ) + e.args[1:]
+
+from frontendbase import FrontEndBase, IFrontEnd, IFrontEndFactory
+
+from IPython.kernel.engineservice import IEngineCore
+from IPython.kernel.core.history import FrontEndHistory
+
+try:
+    from twisted.python.failure import Failure
+except ImportError, e:
+    e.message = """%s
+________________________________________________________________________________
+twisted is required to run asynchronous frontends.""" % e.message
+    e.args = (e.message, ) + e.args[1:]
+
+
+
+
+class AsyncFrontEndBase(FrontEndBase):
+    """
+    Overrides FrontEndBase to wrap execute in a deferred result.
+    All callbacks are made as callbacks on the deferred result.
+    """
+    
+    implements(IFrontEnd)
+    classProvides(IFrontEndFactory)
+    
+    def __init__(self, engine=None, history=None):
+        assert(engine==None or IEngineCore.providedBy(engine))
+        self.engine = IEngineCore(engine)
+        if history is None:
+                self.history = FrontEndHistory(input_cache=[''])
+        else:
+            self.history = history
+    
+    
+    def execute(self, block, blockID=None):
+        """Execute the block and return the deferred result.
+        
+        Parameters:
+            block : {str, AST}
+            blockID : any
+                Caller may provide an ID to identify this block. 
+                result['blockID'] := blockID
+        
+        Result:
+            Deferred result of self.interpreter.execute
+        """
+        
+        if(not self.is_complete(block)):
+            return Failure(Exception("Block is not compilable"))
+        
+        if(blockID == None):
+            blockID = uuid.uuid4() #random UUID
+        
+        d = self.engine.execute(block)
+        d.addCallback(self._add_history, block=block)
+        d.addCallbacks(self._add_block_id_for_result,
+                errback=self._add_block_id_for_failure,
+                callbackArgs=(blockID,),
+                errbackArgs=(blockID,))
+        d.addBoth(self.update_cell_prompt, blockID=blockID)
+        d.addCallbacks(self.render_result, 
+            errback=self.render_error)
+        
+        return d
+    
+

IPython/frontend/linefrontendbase.py

@@ -0,0 +1,294 b''
+"""
+Base front end class for all line-oriented frontends, rather than
+block-oriented.
+
+Currently this focuses on synchronous frontends.
+"""
+__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
+#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+import re
+
+import IPython
+import sys
+
+from frontendbase import FrontEndBase
+from IPython.kernel.core.interpreter import Interpreter
+
+def common_prefix(strings):
+    """ Given a list of strings, return the common prefix between all
+        these strings.
+    """
+    ref = strings[0]
+    prefix = ''
+    for size in range(len(ref)):
+        test_prefix = ref[:size+1]
+        for string in strings[1:]:
+            if not string.startswith(test_prefix):
+                return prefix
+        prefix = test_prefix
+
+    return prefix
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Base class for the line-oriented front ends
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class LineFrontEndBase(FrontEndBase):
+    """ Concrete implementation of the FrontEndBase class. This is meant
+    to be the base class behind all the frontend that are line-oriented,
+    rather than block-oriented.
+    """
+    
+    # We need to keep the prompt number, to be able to increment
+    # it when there is an exception.
+    prompt_number = 1
+
+    # We keep a reference to the last result: it helps testing and
+    # programatic control of the frontend. 
+    last_result = dict(number=0)
+
+    # The input buffer being edited
+    input_buffer = ''
+
+    # Set to true for debug output
+    debug = False
+
+    # A banner to print at startup
+    banner = None
+
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # FrontEndBase interface
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def __init__(self, shell=None, history=None, banner=None, *args, **kwargs):
+        if shell is None:
+            shell = Interpreter()
+        FrontEndBase.__init__(self, shell=shell, history=history)
+
+        if banner is not None:
+            self.banner = banner
+        if self.banner is not None:
+            self.write(self.banner, refresh=False)
+
+        self.new_prompt(self.input_prompt_template.substitute(number=1))
+
+
+    def complete(self, line):
+        """Complete line in engine's user_ns
+        
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        line : string
+        
+        Result
+        ------
+        The replacement for the line and the list of possible completions.
+        """
+        completions = self.shell.complete(line)
+        complete_sep =  re.compile('[\s\{\}\[\]\(\)\=]')
+        if completions:
+            prefix = common_prefix(completions) 
+            residual = complete_sep.split(line)[:-1]
+            line = line[:-len(residual)] + prefix
+        return line, completions 
+ 
+
+    def render_result(self, result):
+        """ Frontend-specific rendering of the result of a calculation
+        that has been sent to an engine.
+        """
+        if 'stdout' in result and result['stdout']:
+            self.write('\n' + result['stdout'])
+        if 'display' in result and result['display']:
+            self.write("%s%s\n" % ( 
+                            self.output_prompt_template.substitute(
+                                    number=result['number']),
+                            result['display']['pprint']
+                            ) )
+       
+
+    def render_error(self, failure):
+        """ Frontend-specific rendering of error. 
+        """
+        self.write('\n\n'+str(failure)+'\n\n')
+        return failure
+
+
+    def is_complete(self, string):
+        """ Check if a string forms a complete, executable set of
+        commands.
+
+        For the line-oriented frontend, multi-line code is not executed
+        as soon as it is complete: the users has to enter two line
+        returns.
+        """
+        if string in ('', '\n'):
+            # Prefiltering, eg through ipython0, may return an empty
+            # string although some operations have been accomplished. We
+            # thus want to consider an empty string as a complete
+            # statement.
+            return True
+        elif ( len(self.input_buffer.split('\n'))>2 
+                        and not re.findall(r"\n[\t ]*\n[\t ]*$", string)):
+            return False
+        else:
+            # Add line returns here, to make sure that the statement is
+            # complete.
+            return FrontEndBase.is_complete(self, string.rstrip() + '\n\n')
+
+
+    def write(self, string, refresh=True):
+        """ Write some characters to the display.
+
+            Subclass should overide this method.
+
+            The refresh keyword argument is used in frontends with an
+            event loop, to choose whether the write should trigget an UI
+            refresh, and thus be syncrhonous, or not.
+        """
+        print >>sys.__stderr__, string
+
+
+    def execute(self, python_string, raw_string=None):
+        """ Stores the raw_string in the history, and sends the
+        python string to the interpreter.
+        """
+        if raw_string is None:
+            raw_string = python_string
+        # Create a false result, in case there is an exception
+        self.last_result = dict(number=self.prompt_number)
+        try:
+            self.history.input_cache[-1] = raw_string.rstrip()
+            result = self.shell.execute(python_string)
+            self.last_result = result
+            self.render_result(result)
+        except:
+            self.show_traceback()
+        finally:
+            self.after_execute()
+
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # LineFrontEndBase interface
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def prefilter_input(self, string):
+        """ Priflter the input to turn it in valid python.
+        """
+        string = string.replace('\r\n', '\n')
+        string = string.replace('\t', 4*' ')
+        # Clean the trailing whitespace
+        string = '\n'.join(l.rstrip()  for l in string.split('\n'))
+        return string
+
+
+    def after_execute(self):
+        """ All the operations required after an execution to put the
+            terminal back in a shape where it is usable.
+        """
+        self.prompt_number += 1
+        self.new_prompt(self.input_prompt_template.substitute(
+                            number=(self.last_result['number'] + 1)))
+        # Start a new empty history entry
+        self._add_history(None, '')
+        self.history_cursor = len(self.history.input_cache) - 1
+
+
+    def complete_current_input(self):
+        """ Do code completion on current line. 
+        """
+        if self.debug:
+            print >>sys.__stdout__, "complete_current_input", 
+        line = self.input_buffer
+        new_line, completions = self.complete(line)
+        if len(completions)>1:
+            self.write_completion(completions)
+        self.input_buffer = new_line
+        if self.debug:
+            print >>sys.__stdout__, completions 
+
+
+    def get_line_width(self):
+        """ Return the width of the line in characters.
+        """
+        return 80
+
+
+    def write_completion(self, possibilities):
+        """ Write the list of possible completions.
+        """
+        current_buffer = self.input_buffer
+        
+        self.write('\n')
+        max_len = len(max(possibilities, key=len)) + 1
+        
+        # Now we check how much symbol we can put on a line...
+        chars_per_line = self.get_line_width()
+        symbols_per_line = max(1, chars_per_line/max_len)
+
+        pos = 1
+        buf = []
+        for symbol in possibilities:
+            if pos < symbols_per_line:
+                buf.append(symbol.ljust(max_len))
+                pos += 1
+            else:
+                buf.append(symbol.rstrip() + '\n')
+                pos = 1
+        self.write(''.join(buf))
+        self.new_prompt(self.input_prompt_template.substitute(
+                            number=self.last_result['number'] + 1))
+        self.input_buffer = current_buffer
+
+
+    def new_prompt(self, prompt):
+        """ Prints a prompt and starts a new editing buffer. 
+
+            Subclasses should use this method to make sure that the
+            terminal is put in a state favorable for a new line
+            input.
+        """
+        self.input_buffer = ''
+        self.write(prompt)
+
+
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Private API
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 
+    def _on_enter(self):
+        """ Called when the return key is pressed in a line editing
+            buffer.
+        """
+        current_buffer = self.input_buffer
+        cleaned_buffer = self.prefilter_input(current_buffer)
+        if self.is_complete(cleaned_buffer):
+            self.execute(cleaned_buffer, raw_string=current_buffer)
+        else:
+            self.input_buffer += self._get_indent_string(
+                                                current_buffer[:-1])
+            if current_buffer[:-1].split('\n')[-1].rstrip().endswith(':'):
+                self.input_buffer += '\t'
+
+
+    def _get_indent_string(self, string):
+        """ Return the string of whitespace that prefixes a line. Used to
+        add the right amount of indendation when creating a new line.
+        """
+        string = string.replace('\t', ' '*4)
+        string = string.split('\n')[-1]
+        indent_chars = len(string) - len(string.lstrip())
+        indent_string = '\t'*(indent_chars // 4) + \
+                            ' '*(indent_chars % 4)
+
+        return indent_string
+ 
+    

IPython/frontend/prefilterfrontend.py

@@ -0,0 +1,221 b''
+"""
+Frontend class that uses IPython0 to prefilter the inputs.
+
+Using the IPython0 mechanism gives us access to the magics.
+
+This is a transitory class, used here to do the transition between
+ipython0 and ipython1. This class is meant to be short-lived as more
+functionnality is abstracted out of ipython0 in reusable functions and
+is added on the interpreter. This class can be a used to guide this
+refactoring.
+"""
+__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
+#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+import sys
+
+from linefrontendbase import LineFrontEndBase, common_prefix
+
+from IPython.ipmaker import make_IPython
+from IPython.ipapi import IPApi
+from IPython.kernel.core.redirector_output_trap import RedirectorOutputTrap
+
+from IPython.kernel.core.sync_traceback_trap import SyncTracebackTrap
+
+from IPython.genutils import Term
+import pydoc
+import os
+
+
+def mk_system_call(system_call_function, command):
+    """ given a os.system replacement, and a leading string command,
+        returns a function that will execute the command with the given
+        argument string.
+    """
+    def my_system_call(args):
+        system_call_function("%s %s" % (command, args))
+    return my_system_call
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Frontend class using ipython0 to do the prefiltering. 
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class PrefilterFrontEnd(LineFrontEndBase):
+    """ Class that uses ipython0 to do prefilter the input, do the
+    completion and the magics.
+
+    The core trick is to use an ipython0 instance to prefilter the
+    input, and share the namespace between the interpreter instance used
+    to execute the statements and the ipython0 used for code
+    completion...
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(self, ipython0=None, *args, **kwargs):
+        """ Parameters:
+            -----------
+
+            ipython0: an optional ipython0 instance to use for command
+            prefiltering and completion.
+        """
+        self.save_output_hooks()
+        if ipython0 is None:
+            # Instanciate an IPython0 interpreter to be able to use the
+            # prefiltering.
+            # XXX: argv=[] is a bit bold.
+            ipython0 = make_IPython(argv=[])
+        self.ipython0 = ipython0
+        # Set the pager:
+        self.ipython0.set_hook('show_in_pager', 
+                    lambda s, string: self.write("\n" + string))
+        self.ipython0.write = self.write
+        self._ip = _ip = IPApi(self.ipython0)
+        # Make sure the raw system call doesn't get called, as we don't
+        # have a stdin accessible.
+        self._ip.system = self.system_call
+        # XXX: Muck around with magics so that they work better
+        # in our environment
+        self.ipython0.magic_ls = mk_system_call(self.system_call, 
+                                                            'ls -CF')
+        # And now clean up the mess created by ipython0
+        self.release_output()
+        if not 'banner' in kwargs and self.banner is None:
+            kwargs['banner'] = self.ipython0.BANNER + """
+This is the wx frontend, by Gael Varoquaux. This is EXPERIMENTAL code."""
+
+        LineFrontEndBase.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        # XXX: Hack: mix the two namespaces
+        self.shell.user_ns = self.ipython0.user_ns
+        self.shell.user_global_ns = self.ipython0.user_global_ns
+
+        self.shell.output_trap = RedirectorOutputTrap(
+                            out_callback=self.write,
+                            err_callback=self.write,
+                                            )
+        self.shell.traceback_trap = SyncTracebackTrap(
+                        formatters=self.shell.traceback_trap.formatters,
+                            )
+
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # FrontEndBase interface 
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def show_traceback(self):
+        """ Use ipython0 to capture the last traceback and display it.
+        """
+        self.capture_output()
+        self.ipython0.showtraceback()
+        self.release_output()
+
+
+    def execute(self, python_string, raw_string=None):
+        if self.debug:
+            print 'Executing Python code:', repr(python_string)
+        self.capture_output()
+        LineFrontEndBase.execute(self, python_string,
+                                    raw_string=raw_string)
+        self.release_output()
+
+
+    def save_output_hooks(self):
+        """ Store all the output hooks we can think of, to be able to
+        restore them. 
+        
+        We need to do this early, as starting the ipython0 instance will
+        screw ouput hooks.
+        """
+        self.__old_cout_write = Term.cout.write
+        self.__old_cerr_write = Term.cerr.write
+        self.__old_stdout = sys.stdout
+        self.__old_stderr= sys.stderr
+        self.__old_help_output = pydoc.help.output
+        self.__old_display_hook = sys.displayhook
+
+
+    def capture_output(self):
+        """ Capture all the output mechanisms we can think of.
+        """
+        self.save_output_hooks()
+        Term.cout.write = self.write
+        Term.cerr.write = self.write
+        sys.stdout = Term.cout
+        sys.stderr = Term.cerr
+        pydoc.help.output = self.shell.output_trap.out
+
+
+    def release_output(self):
+        """ Release all the different captures we have made.
+        """
+        Term.cout.write = self.__old_cout_write
+        Term.cerr.write = self.__old_cerr_write
+        sys.stdout = self.__old_stdout
+        sys.stderr = self.__old_stderr
+        pydoc.help.output = self.__old_help_output 
+        sys.displayhook = self.__old_display_hook 
+
+
+    def complete(self, line):
+        word = line.split('\n')[-1].split(' ')[-1]
+        completions = self.ipython0.complete(word)
+        # FIXME: The proper sort should be done in the complete method.
+        key = lambda x: x.replace('_', '')
+        completions.sort(key=key)
+        if completions:
+            prefix = common_prefix(completions) 
+            line = line[:-len(word)] + prefix
+        return line, completions 
+ 
+    
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # LineFrontEndBase interface 
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def prefilter_input(self, input_string):
+        """ Using IPython0 to prefilter the commands to turn them
+        in executable statements that are valid Python strings.
+        """
+        input_string = LineFrontEndBase.prefilter_input(self, input_string)
+        filtered_lines = []
+        # The IPython0 prefilters sometime produce output. We need to
+        # capture it.
+        self.capture_output()
+        self.last_result = dict(number=self.prompt_number)
+        try:
+            for line in input_string.split('\n'):
+                filtered_lines.append(
+                        self.ipython0.prefilter(line, False).rstrip())
+        except:
+            # XXX: probably not the right thing to do.
+            self.ipython0.showsyntaxerror()
+            self.after_execute()
+        finally:
+            self.release_output()
+
+        # Clean up the trailing whitespace, to avoid indentation errors
+        filtered_string = '\n'.join(filtered_lines)
+        return filtered_string
+
+
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # PrefilterFrontEnd interface 
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 
+    def system_call(self, command_string):
+        """ Allows for frontend to define their own system call, to be
+            able capture output and redirect input.
+        """
+        return os.system(command_string)
+
+
+    def do_exit(self):
+        """ Exit the shell, cleanup and save the history.
+        """
+        self.ipython0.atexit_operations()
+

IPython/frontend/tests/test_prefilterfrontend.py

@@ -0,0 +1,157 b''
+# encoding: utf-8
+"""
+Test process execution and IO redirection.
+"""
+
+__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is
+#  in the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+from cStringIO import StringIO
+import string
+
+from IPython.ipapi import get as get_ipython0
+from IPython.frontend.prefilterfrontend import PrefilterFrontEnd
+
+class TestPrefilterFrontEnd(PrefilterFrontEnd):
+    
+    input_prompt_template = string.Template('')
+    output_prompt_template = string.Template('')
+    banner = ''
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        ipython0 = get_ipython0().IP
+        self.out = StringIO()
+        PrefilterFrontEnd.__init__(self, ipython0=ipython0)
+        # Clean up the namespace for isolation between tests
+        user_ns = self.ipython0.user_ns
+        # We need to keep references to things so that they don't
+        # get garbage collected (this stinks).
+        self.shadow_ns = dict()
+        for i in self.ipython0.magic_who_ls():
+            self.shadow_ns[i] = user_ns.pop(i)
+        # Some more code for isolation (yeah, crazy)
+        self._on_enter()
+        self.out.flush()
+        self.out.reset()
+        self.out.truncate()
+
+    def write(self, string, *args, **kwargs):
+       self.out.write(string) 
+
+    def _on_enter(self):
+        self.input_buffer += '\n'
+        PrefilterFrontEnd._on_enter(self)
+
+
+def test_execution():
+    """ Test execution of a command.
+    """
+    f = TestPrefilterFrontEnd()
+    f.input_buffer = 'print 1'
+    f._on_enter()
+    out_value = f.out.getvalue()
+    assert out_value  == '1\n'
+
+
+def test_multiline():
+    """ Test execution of a multiline command.
+    """
+    f = TestPrefilterFrontEnd()
+    f.input_buffer = 'if True:'
+    f._on_enter()
+    f.input_buffer += 'print 1'
+    f._on_enter()
+    out_value = f.out.getvalue()
+    assert out_value == ''
+    f._on_enter()
+    out_value = f.out.getvalue()
+    assert out_value == '1\n'
+    f = TestPrefilterFrontEnd()
+    f.input_buffer='(1 +'
+    f._on_enter()
+    f.input_buffer += '0)'
+    f._on_enter()
+    out_value = f.out.getvalue()
+    assert out_value == ''
+    f._on_enter()
+    out_value = f.out.getvalue()
+    assert out_value == '1\n'
+
+
+def test_capture():
+    """ Test the capture of output in different channels.
+    """
+    # Test on the OS-level stdout, stderr.
+    f = TestPrefilterFrontEnd()
+    f.input_buffer = \
+            'import os; out=os.fdopen(1, "w"); out.write("1") ; out.flush()'
+    f._on_enter()
+    out_value = f.out.getvalue()
+    assert out_value == '1'
+    f = TestPrefilterFrontEnd()
+    f.input_buffer = \
+            'import os; out=os.fdopen(2, "w"); out.write("1") ; out.flush()'
+    f._on_enter()
+    out_value = f.out.getvalue()
+    assert out_value == '1'
+
+     
+def test_magic():
+    """ Test the magic expansion and history.
+    
+        This test is fairly fragile and will break when magics change.
+    """
+    f = TestPrefilterFrontEnd()
+    f.input_buffer += '%who'
+    f._on_enter()
+    out_value = f.out.getvalue()
+    assert out_value == 'Interactive namespace is empty.\n'
+
+
+def test_help():
+    """ Test object inspection.
+    """
+    f = TestPrefilterFrontEnd()
+    f.input_buffer += "def f():"
+    f._on_enter()
+    f.input_buffer += "'foobar'"
+    f._on_enter()
+    f.input_buffer += "pass"
+    f._on_enter()
+    f._on_enter()
+    f.input_buffer += "f?"
+    f._on_enter()
+    assert 'traceback' not in f.last_result
+    ## XXX: ipython doctest magic breaks this. I have no clue why
+    #out_value = f.out.getvalue()
+    #assert out_value.split()[-1] == 'foobar' 
+
+
+def test_completion():
+    """ Test command-line completion.
+    """
+    f = TestPrefilterFrontEnd()
+    f.input_buffer = 'zzza = 1'
+    f._on_enter()
+    f.input_buffer = 'zzzb = 2'
+    f._on_enter()
+    f.input_buffer = 'zz'
+    f.complete_current_input()
+    out_value = f.out.getvalue()
+    assert out_value == '\nzzza zzzb '
+    assert f.input_buffer == 'zzz'
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_magic()
+    test_help()
+    test_execution()
+    test_multiline()
+    test_capture()
+    test_completion()

IPython/frontend/tests/test_process.py

@@ -0,0 +1,63 b''
+# encoding: utf-8
+"""
+Test process execution and IO redirection.
+"""
+
+__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is
+#  in the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+from cStringIO import StringIO
+from time import sleep
+import sys
+
+from IPython.frontend._process import PipedProcess
+
+def test_capture_out():
+    """ A simple test to see if we can execute a process and get the output.
+    """
+    s = StringIO()
+    p = PipedProcess('echo 1', out_callback=s.write, )
+    p.start()
+    p.join()
+    assert s.getvalue() == '1\n'
+
+
+def test_io():
+    """ Checks that we can send characters on stdin to the process.
+    """
+    s = StringIO()
+    p = PipedProcess(sys.executable + ' -c "a = raw_input(); print a"', 
+                            out_callback=s.write, )
+    p.start()
+    test_string = '12345\n'
+    while not hasattr(p, 'process'):
+        sleep(0.1)
+    p.process.stdin.write(test_string)
+    p.join()
+    assert s.getvalue() == test_string
+
+
+def test_kill():
+    """ Check that we can kill a process, and its subprocess.
+    """
+    s = StringIO()
+    p = PipedProcess(sys.executable + ' -c "a = raw_input();"', 
+                            out_callback=s.write, )
+    p.start()
+    while not hasattr(p, 'process'):
+        sleep(0.1)
+    p.process.kill() 
+    assert p.process.poll() is not None
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_capture_out()
+    test_io()
+    test_kill()
+

IPython/frontend/wx/console_widget.py

@@ -0,0 +1,428 b''
+# encoding: utf-8
+"""
+A Wx widget to act as a console and input commands.
+
+This widget deals with prompts and provides an edit buffer
+restricted to after the last prompt.
+"""
+
+__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is
+#  in the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+import wx
+import wx.stc  as  stc
+
+from wx.py import editwindow
+import sys
+LINESEP = '\n'
+if sys.platform == 'win32':
+    LINESEP = '\n\r'
+
+import re
+
+# FIXME: Need to provide an API for non user-generated display on the
+# screen: this should not be editable by the user.
+
+_DEFAULT_SIZE = 10
+if sys.platform == 'darwin':
+    _DEFAULT_STYLE = 12
+
+_DEFAULT_STYLE = {
+    'stdout'      : 'fore:#0000FF',
+    'stderr'      : 'fore:#007f00',
+    'trace'       : 'fore:#FF0000',
+
+    'default'     : 'size:%d' % _DEFAULT_SIZE,
+    'bracegood'   : 'fore:#00AA00,back:#000000,bold',
+    'bracebad'    : 'fore:#FF0000,back:#000000,bold',
+
+    # properties for the various Python lexer styles
+    'comment'       : 'fore:#007F00',
+    'number'        : 'fore:#007F7F',
+    'string'        : 'fore:#7F007F,italic',
+    'char'          : 'fore:#7F007F,italic',
+    'keyword'       : 'fore:#00007F,bold',
+    'triple'        : 'fore:#7F0000',
+    'tripledouble'  : 'fore:#7F0000',
+    'class'         : 'fore:#0000FF,bold,underline',
+    'def'           : 'fore:#007F7F,bold',
+    'operator'      : 'bold'
+    }
+
+# new style numbers
+_STDOUT_STYLE = 15
+_STDERR_STYLE = 16
+_TRACE_STYLE  = 17
+
+
+# system colors
+#SYS_COLOUR_BACKGROUND = wx.SystemSettings.GetColour(wx.SYS_COLOUR_BACKGROUND)
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The console widget class
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class ConsoleWidget(editwindow.EditWindow):
+    """ Specialized styled text control view for console-like workflow.
+
+        This widget is mainly interested in dealing with the prompt and
+        keeping the cursor inside the editing line.
+    """
+
+    # This is where the title captured from the ANSI escape sequences are
+    # stored.
+    title = 'Console'
+
+    # The buffer being edited.
+    def _set_input_buffer(self, string):
+        self.SetSelection(self.current_prompt_pos, self.GetLength())
+        self.ReplaceSelection(string)
+        self.GotoPos(self.GetLength())
+
+    def _get_input_buffer(self):
+        """ Returns the text in current edit buffer.
+        """
+        input_buffer = self.GetTextRange(self.current_prompt_pos,
+                                                self.GetLength())
+        input_buffer = input_buffer.replace(LINESEP, '\n')
+        return input_buffer
+
+    input_buffer = property(_get_input_buffer, _set_input_buffer)
+
+    style = _DEFAULT_STYLE.copy()
+
+    # Translation table from ANSI escape sequences to color. Override
+    # this to specify your colors.
+    ANSI_STYLES = {'0;30': [0, 'BLACK'],            '0;31': [1, 'RED'],
+                   '0;32': [2, 'GREEN'],            '0;33': [3, 'BROWN'],
+                   '0;34': [4, 'BLUE'],             '0;35': [5, 'PURPLE'],
+                   '0;36': [6, 'CYAN'],             '0;37': [7, 'LIGHT GREY'],
+                   '1;30': [8, 'DARK GREY'],        '1;31': [9, 'RED'],
+                   '1;32': [10, 'SEA GREEN'],       '1;33': [11, 'YELLOW'],
+                   '1;34': [12, 'LIGHT BLUE'],      '1;35':
+                                                     [13, 'MEDIUM VIOLET RED'],
+                   '1;36': [14, 'LIGHT STEEL BLUE'], '1;37': [15, 'YELLOW']}
+
+    # The color of the carret (call _apply_style() after setting)
+    carret_color = 'BLACK'
+    
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Public API
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    
+    def __init__(self, parent, id=wx.ID_ANY, pos=wx.DefaultPosition, 
+                        size=wx.DefaultSize, style=0, ):
+        editwindow.EditWindow.__init__(self, parent, id, pos, size, style)
+        self._configure_scintilla()
+
+        self.Bind(wx.EVT_KEY_DOWN, self._on_key_down)
+        self.Bind(wx.EVT_KEY_UP, self._on_key_up)
+    
+
+    def write(self, text, refresh=True):
+        """ Write given text to buffer, while translating the ansi escape
+            sequences.
+        """
+        # XXX: do not put print statements to sys.stdout/sys.stderr in 
+        # this method, the print statements will call this method, as 
+        # you will end up with an infinit loop
+        title = self.title_pat.split(text)
+        if len(title)>1:
+            self.title = title[-2]
+
+        text = self.title_pat.sub('', text)
+        segments = self.color_pat.split(text)
+        segment = segments.pop(0)
+        self.GotoPos(self.GetLength())
+        self.StartStyling(self.GetLength(), 0xFF)
+        try:
+            self.AppendText(segment)
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            # XXX: Do I really want to skip the exception?
+            pass
+        
+        if segments:
+            for ansi_tag, text in zip(segments[::2], segments[1::2]):
+                self.StartStyling(self.GetLength(), 0xFF)
+                try:
+                    self.AppendText(text)
+                except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                    # XXX: Do I really want to skip the exception?
+                    pass
+
+                if ansi_tag not in self.ANSI_STYLES:
+                    style = 0
+                else:
+                    style = self.ANSI_STYLES[ansi_tag][0]
+
+                self.SetStyling(len(text), style) 
+                
+        self.GotoPos(self.GetLength())
+        if refresh:
+            # Maybe this is faster than wx.Yield()
+            self.ProcessEvent(wx.PaintEvent())
+            #wx.Yield()
+
+   
+    def new_prompt(self, prompt):
+        """ Prints a prompt at start of line, and move the start of the
+            current block there.
+
+            The prompt can be given with ascii escape sequences.
+        """
+        self.write(prompt, refresh=False)
+        # now we update our cursor giving end of prompt
+        self.current_prompt_pos = self.GetLength()
+        self.current_prompt_line = self.GetCurrentLine()
+        wx.Yield()
+        self.EnsureCaretVisible()
+
+
+    def scroll_to_bottom(self):
+        maxrange = self.GetScrollRange(wx.VERTICAL)
+        self.ScrollLines(maxrange)
+
+
+    def pop_completion(self, possibilities, offset=0):
+        """ Pops up an autocompletion menu. Offset is the offset
+            in characters of the position at which the menu should
+            appear, relativ to the cursor.
+        """
+        self.AutoCompSetIgnoreCase(False)
+        self.AutoCompSetAutoHide(False)
+        self.AutoCompSetMaxHeight(len(possibilities))
+        self.AutoCompShow(offset, " ".join(possibilities))
+
+
+    def get_line_width(self):
+        """ Return the width of the line in characters.
+        """
+        return self.GetSize()[0]/self.GetCharWidth()
+
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # EditWindow API
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def OnUpdateUI(self, event):
+        """ Override the OnUpdateUI of the EditWindow class, to prevent 
+            syntax highlighting both for faster redraw, and for more
+            consistent look and feel.
+        """
+
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Private API
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    
+    def _apply_style(self):
+        """ Applies the colors for the different text elements and the
+            carret.
+        """
+        self.SetCaretForeground(self.carret_color)
+
+        #self.StyleClearAll()
+        self.StyleSetSpec(stc.STC_STYLE_BRACELIGHT,  
+                          "fore:#FF0000,back:#0000FF,bold")
+        self.StyleSetSpec(stc.STC_STYLE_BRACEBAD,
+                          "fore:#000000,back:#FF0000,bold")
+
+        for style in self.ANSI_STYLES.values():
+            self.StyleSetSpec(style[0], "bold,fore:%s" % style[1])
+
+   
+    def _configure_scintilla(self):
+        self.SetEOLMode(stc.STC_EOL_LF)
+
+        # Ctrl"+" or Ctrl "-" can be used to zoomin/zoomout the text inside 
+        # the widget
+        self.CmdKeyAssign(ord('+'), stc.STC_SCMOD_CTRL, stc.STC_CMD_ZOOMIN)
+        self.CmdKeyAssign(ord('-'), stc.STC_SCMOD_CTRL, stc.STC_CMD_ZOOMOUT)
+        # Also allow Ctrl Shift "=" for poor non US keyboard users. 
+        self.CmdKeyAssign(ord('='), stc.STC_SCMOD_CTRL|stc.STC_SCMOD_SHIFT, 
+                                            stc.STC_CMD_ZOOMIN)
+        
+        # Keys: we need to clear some of the keys the that don't play
+        # well with a console.
+        self.CmdKeyClear(ord('D'), stc.STC_SCMOD_CTRL)
+        self.CmdKeyClear(ord('L'), stc.STC_SCMOD_CTRL)
+        self.CmdKeyClear(ord('T'), stc.STC_SCMOD_CTRL)
+        self.CmdKeyClear(ord('A'), stc.STC_SCMOD_CTRL)
+
+        self.SetEOLMode(stc.STC_EOL_CRLF)
+        self.SetWrapMode(stc.STC_WRAP_CHAR)
+        self.SetWrapMode(stc.STC_WRAP_WORD)
+        self.SetBufferedDraw(True)
+        self.SetUseAntiAliasing(True)
+        self.SetLayoutCache(stc.STC_CACHE_PAGE)
+        self.SetUndoCollection(False)
+        self.SetUseTabs(True)
+        self.SetIndent(4)
+        self.SetTabWidth(4)
+
+        # we don't want scintilla's autocompletion to choose 
+        # automaticaly out of a single choice list, as we pop it up
+        # automaticaly
+        self.AutoCompSetChooseSingle(False)
+        self.AutoCompSetMaxHeight(10)
+        # XXX: this doesn't seem to have an effect.
+        self.AutoCompSetFillUps('\n')
+
+        self.SetMargins(3, 3) #text is moved away from border with 3px
+        # Suppressing Scintilla margins
+        self.SetMarginWidth(0, 0)
+        self.SetMarginWidth(1, 0)
+        self.SetMarginWidth(2, 0)
+
+        self._apply_style()
+
+        # Xterm escape sequences
+        self.color_pat = re.compile('\x01?\x1b\[(.*?)m\x02?')
+        self.title_pat = re.compile('\x1b]0;(.*?)\x07')
+
+        #self.SetEdgeMode(stc.STC_EDGE_LINE)
+        #self.SetEdgeColumn(80)
+
+        # styles
+        p = self.style
+        self.StyleSetSpec(stc.STC_STYLE_DEFAULT, p['default'])
+        self.StyleClearAll()
+        self.StyleSetSpec(_STDOUT_STYLE, p['stdout'])
+        self.StyleSetSpec(_STDERR_STYLE, p['stderr'])
+        self.StyleSetSpec(_TRACE_STYLE, p['trace'])
+
+        self.StyleSetSpec(stc.STC_STYLE_BRACELIGHT, p['bracegood'])
+        self.StyleSetSpec(stc.STC_STYLE_BRACEBAD, p['bracebad'])
+        self.StyleSetSpec(stc.STC_P_COMMENTLINE, p['comment'])
+        self.StyleSetSpec(stc.STC_P_NUMBER, p['number'])
+        self.StyleSetSpec(stc.STC_P_STRING, p['string'])
+        self.StyleSetSpec(stc.STC_P_CHARACTER, p['char'])
+        self.StyleSetSpec(stc.STC_P_WORD, p['keyword'])
+        self.StyleSetSpec(stc.STC_P_WORD2, p['keyword'])
+        self.StyleSetSpec(stc.STC_P_TRIPLE, p['triple'])
+        self.StyleSetSpec(stc.STC_P_TRIPLEDOUBLE, p['tripledouble'])
+        self.StyleSetSpec(stc.STC_P_CLASSNAME, p['class'])
+        self.StyleSetSpec(stc.STC_P_DEFNAME, p['def'])
+        self.StyleSetSpec(stc.STC_P_OPERATOR, p['operator'])
+        self.StyleSetSpec(stc.STC_P_COMMENTBLOCK, p['comment'])
+
+    def _on_key_down(self, event, skip=True):
+        """ Key press callback used for correcting behavior for 
+            console-like interfaces: the cursor is constraint to be after
+            the last prompt.
+
+            Return True if event as been catched.
+        """
+        catched = True
+        # Intercept some specific keys.
+        if event.KeyCode == ord('L') and event.ControlDown() :
+            self.scroll_to_bottom()
+        elif event.KeyCode == ord('K') and event.ControlDown() :
+            self.input_buffer = ''
+        elif event.KeyCode == ord('A') and event.ControlDown() :
+            self.GotoPos(self.GetLength())
+            self.SetSelectionStart(self.current_prompt_pos)
+            self.SetSelectionEnd(self.GetCurrentPos())
+            catched = True
+        elif event.KeyCode == ord('E') and event.ControlDown() :
+            self.GotoPos(self.GetLength())
+            catched = True
+        elif event.KeyCode == wx.WXK_PAGEUP:
+            self.ScrollPages(-1)
+        elif event.KeyCode == wx.WXK_PAGEDOWN:
+            self.ScrollPages(1)
+        elif event.KeyCode == wx.WXK_UP and event.ShiftDown():
+            self.ScrollLines(-1)
+        elif event.KeyCode == wx.WXK_DOWN and event.ShiftDown():
+            self.ScrollLines(1)
+        else:
+            catched = False
+
+        if self.AutoCompActive():
+            event.Skip()
+        else:
+            if event.KeyCode in (13, wx.WXK_NUMPAD_ENTER) and \
+                        event.Modifiers in (wx.MOD_NONE, wx.MOD_WIN):
+                catched = True
+                self.CallTipCancel()
+                self.write('\n', refresh=False)
+                # Under windows scintilla seems to be doing funny stuff to the 
+                # line returns here, but the getter for input_buffer filters 
+                # this out.
+                if sys.platform == 'win32':
+                    self.input_buffer = self.input_buffer
+                self._on_enter()
+
+            elif event.KeyCode == wx.WXK_HOME:
+                if event.Modifiers in (wx.MOD_NONE, wx.MOD_WIN):
+                    self.GotoPos(self.current_prompt_pos)
+                    catched = True
+
+                elif event.Modifiers == wx.MOD_SHIFT:
+                    # FIXME: This behavior is not ideal: if the selection
+                    # is already started, it will jump.
+                    self.SetSelectionStart(self.current_prompt_pos) 
+                    self.SetSelectionEnd(self.GetCurrentPos())
+                    catched = True
+
+            elif event.KeyCode == wx.WXK_UP:
+                if self.GetCurrentLine() > self.current_prompt_line:
+                    if self.GetCurrentLine() == self.current_prompt_line + 1 \
+                            and self.GetColumn(self.GetCurrentPos()) < \
+                                self.GetColumn(self.current_prompt_pos):
+                        self.GotoPos(self.current_prompt_pos)
+                    else:
+                        event.Skip()
+                catched = True
+
+            elif event.KeyCode in (wx.WXK_LEFT, wx.WXK_BACK):
+                if self.GetCurrentPos() > self.current_prompt_pos:
+                    event.Skip()
+                catched = True
+
+            if skip and not catched:
+                # Put the cursor back in the edit region
+                if self.GetCurrentPos() < self.current_prompt_pos:
+                    self.GotoPos(self.current_prompt_pos)
+                else:
+                    event.Skip()
+
+        return catched
+
+
+    def _on_key_up(self, event, skip=True):
+        """ If cursor is outside the editing region, put it back.
+        """
+        event.Skip()
+        if self.GetCurrentPos() < self.current_prompt_pos:
+            self.GotoPos(self.current_prompt_pos)
+
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    # Some simple code to test the console widget.
+    class MainWindow(wx.Frame):
+        def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
+            wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title, size=(300,250))
+            self._sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
+            self.console_widget = ConsoleWidget(self)
+            self._sizer.Add(self.console_widget, 1, wx.EXPAND)
+            self.SetSizer(self._sizer)
+            self.SetAutoLayout(1)
+            self.Show(True)
+
+    app = wx.PySimpleApp()
+    w = MainWindow(None, wx.ID_ANY, 'ConsoleWidget')
+    w.SetSize((780, 460))
+    w.Show()
+
+    app.MainLoop()
+
+

IPython/frontend/wx/ipythonx.py

@@ -0,0 +1,110 b''
+"""
+Entry point for a simple application giving a graphical frontend to
+ipython.
+"""
+
+try:
+    import wx
+except ImportError, e:
+    e.message = """%s
+________________________________________________________________________________
+You need wxPython to run this application.
+""" % e.message
+    e.args = (e.message, ) + e.args[1:]
+    raise e
+
+from wx_frontend import WxController
+import __builtin__
+
+
+class IPythonXController(WxController):
+    """ Sub class of WxController that adds some application-specific
+        bindings.
+    """
+
+    debug = False
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        WxController.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.ipython0.ask_exit = self.do_exit
+        # Scroll to top
+        maxrange = self.GetScrollRange(wx.VERTICAL)
+        self.ScrollLines(-maxrange)
+
+
+    def _on_key_down(self, event, skip=True):
+        # Intercept Ctrl-D to quit
+        if event.KeyCode == ord('D') and event.ControlDown() and \
+                self.input_buffer == '' and \
+                self._input_state == 'readline':
+            wx.CallAfter(self.ask_exit)
+        else:
+            WxController._on_key_down(self, event, skip=skip) 
+
+
+    def ask_exit(self):
+        """ Ask the user whether to exit.
+        """
+        self._input_state = 'subprocess'
+        self.write('\n', refresh=False)
+        self.capture_output()
+        self.ipython0.shell.exit()
+        self.release_output()
+        if not self.ipython0.exit_now:
+            wx.CallAfter(self.new_prompt,
+                         self.input_prompt_template.substitute(
+                                number=self.last_result['number'] + 1))
+        else:
+            wx.CallAfter(wx.GetApp().Exit)
+        self.write('Exiting ...', refresh=False)
+ 
+
+    def do_exit(self):
+        """ Exits the interpreter, kills the windows.
+        """
+        WxController.do_exit(self)
+        self.release_output()
+        wx.CallAfter(wx.Exit)
+
+
+
+class IPythonX(wx.Frame):
+    """ Main frame of the IPythonX app.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, parent, id, title, debug=False):
+        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title, size=(300,250))
+        self._sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
+        self.shell = IPythonXController(self, debug=debug)
+        self._sizer.Add(self.shell, 1, wx.EXPAND)
+        self.SetSizer(self._sizer)
+        self.SetAutoLayout(1)
+        self.Show(True)
+
+
+def main():
+    from optparse import OptionParser
+    usage = """usage: %prog [options]
+
+Simple graphical frontend to IPython, using WxWidgets."""
+    parser = OptionParser(usage=usage)
+    parser.add_option("-d", "--debug",
+                    action="store_true", dest="debug", default=False,
+                    help="Enable debug message for the wx frontend.")
+
+    options, args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    # Clear the options, to avoid having the ipython0 instance complain
+    import sys
+    sys.argv = sys.argv[:1]
+
+    app = wx.PySimpleApp()
+    frame = IPythonX(None, wx.ID_ANY, 'IPythonX', debug=options.debug)
+    frame.shell.SetFocus()
+    frame.shell.app = app
+    frame.SetSize((680, 460))
+
+    app.MainLoop()
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

IPython/frontend/wx/wx_frontend.py

@@ -0,0 +1,510 b''
+# encoding: utf-8 -*- test-case-name:
+# FIXME: Need to add tests.
+# ipython1.frontend.wx.tests.test_wx_frontend -*-
+
+"""Classes to provide a Wx frontend to the
+IPython.kernel.core.interpreter.
+
+This class inherits from ConsoleWidget, that provides a console-like
+widget to provide a text-rendering widget suitable for a terminal.
+"""
+
+__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#       Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
+#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Major library imports
+import re
+import __builtin__
+from time import sleep
+import sys
+from threading import Lock
+import string
+
+import wx
+from wx import stc
+
+# Ipython-specific imports.
+from IPython.frontend._process import PipedProcess
+from console_widget import ConsoleWidget
+from IPython.frontend.prefilterfrontend import PrefilterFrontEnd
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Constants 
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+_COMPLETE_BUFFER_BG = '#FAFAF1' # Nice green
+_INPUT_BUFFER_BG = '#FDFFD3' # Nice yellow
+_ERROR_BG = '#FFF1F1' # Nice red
+
+_COMPLETE_BUFFER_MARKER = 31
+_ERROR_MARKER = 30
+_INPUT_MARKER = 29
+
+prompt_in1 = \
+        '\n\x01\x1b[0;34m\x02In [\x01\x1b[1;34m\x02$number\x01\x1b[0;34m\x02]: \x01\x1b[0m\x02'
+
+prompt_out = \
+    '\x01\x1b[0;31m\x02Out[\x01\x1b[1;31m\x02$number\x01\x1b[0;31m\x02]: \x01\x1b[0m\x02'
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Classes to implement the Wx frontend
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class WxController(ConsoleWidget, PrefilterFrontEnd):
+    """Classes to provide a Wx frontend to the
+    IPython.kernel.core.interpreter.
+
+    This class inherits from ConsoleWidget, that provides a console-like
+    widget to provide a text-rendering widget suitable for a terminal.
+    """
+
+    output_prompt_template = string.Template(prompt_out)
+
+    input_prompt_template = string.Template(prompt_in1)
+
+    # Print debug info on what is happening to the console.
+    debug = False
+
+    # The title of the terminal, as captured through the ANSI escape
+    # sequences.
+    def _set_title(self, title):
+            return self.Parent.SetTitle(title)
+
+    def _get_title(self):
+            return self.Parent.GetTitle()
+
+    title = property(_get_title, _set_title)
+
+
+    # The buffer being edited.
+    # We are duplicating the definition here because of multiple
+    # inheritence
+    def _set_input_buffer(self, string):
+        ConsoleWidget._set_input_buffer(self, string)
+        self._colorize_input_buffer()
+
+    def _get_input_buffer(self):
+        """ Returns the text in current edit buffer.
+        """
+        return ConsoleWidget._get_input_buffer(self)
+
+    input_buffer = property(_get_input_buffer, _set_input_buffer)
+
+
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Private Attributes
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    # A flag governing the behavior of the input. Can be:
+    #
+    #       'readline' for readline-like behavior with a prompt 
+    #            and an edit buffer.
+    #       'raw_input' similar to readline, but triggered by a raw-input
+    #           call. Can be used by subclasses to act differently.
+    #       'subprocess' for sending the raw input directly to a
+    #           subprocess.
+    #       'buffering' for buffering of the input, that will be used
+    #           when the input state switches back to another state.
+    _input_state = 'readline'
+
+    # Attribute to store reference to the pipes of a subprocess, if we
+    # are running any.
+    _running_process = False
+
+    # A queue for writing fast streams to the screen without flooding the
+    # event loop
+    _out_buffer = []
+
+    # A lock to lock the _out_buffer to make sure we don't empty it
+    # while it is being swapped
+    _out_buffer_lock = Lock()
+
+    _markers = dict()
+
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Public API
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 
+    def __init__(self, parent, id=wx.ID_ANY, pos=wx.DefaultPosition,
+                 size=wx.DefaultSize, style=wx.CLIP_CHILDREN,
+                 *args, **kwds):
+        """ Create Shell instance.
+        """
+        ConsoleWidget.__init__(self, parent, id, pos, size, style)
+        PrefilterFrontEnd.__init__(self, **kwds)
+
+        # Marker for complete buffer.
+        self.MarkerDefine(_COMPLETE_BUFFER_MARKER, stc.STC_MARK_BACKGROUND,
+                                background=_COMPLETE_BUFFER_BG)
+        # Marker for current input buffer.
+        self.MarkerDefine(_INPUT_MARKER, stc.STC_MARK_BACKGROUND,
+                                background=_INPUT_BUFFER_BG)
+        # Marker for tracebacks.
+        self.MarkerDefine(_ERROR_MARKER, stc.STC_MARK_BACKGROUND,
+                                background=_ERROR_BG)
+
+        # A time for flushing the write buffer
+        BUFFER_FLUSH_TIMER_ID = 100
+        self._buffer_flush_timer = wx.Timer(self, BUFFER_FLUSH_TIMER_ID)
+        wx.EVT_TIMER(self, BUFFER_FLUSH_TIMER_ID, self._buffer_flush)
+
+        if 'debug' in kwds:
+            self.debug = kwds['debug']
+            kwds.pop('debug')
+
+        # Inject self in namespace, for debug
+        if self.debug:
+            self.shell.user_ns['self'] = self
+
+
+    def raw_input(self, prompt):
+        """ A replacement from python's raw_input.
+        """
+        self.new_prompt(prompt)
+        self._input_state = 'raw_input'
+        if hasattr(self, '_cursor'):
+            del self._cursor 
+        self.SetCursor(wx.StockCursor(wx.CURSOR_CROSS))
+        self.waiting = True
+        self.__old_on_enter = self._on_enter
+        def my_on_enter():
+            self.waiting = False
+        self._on_enter = my_on_enter
+        # XXX: Busy waiting, ugly.
+        while self.waiting:
+            wx.Yield()
+            sleep(0.1)
+        self._on_enter = self.__old_on_enter
+        self._input_state = 'buffering'
+        self._cursor = wx.BusyCursor()
+        return self.input_buffer.rstrip('\n')
+
+
+    def system_call(self, command_string):
+        self._input_state = 'subprocess'
+        self._running_process = PipedProcess(command_string, 
+                    out_callback=self.buffered_write,
+                    end_callback = self._end_system_call)
+        self._running_process.start()
+        # XXX: another one of these polling loops to have a blocking
+        # call
+        wx.Yield()
+        while self._running_process:
+            wx.Yield()
+            sleep(0.1)
+        # Be sure to flush the buffer.
+        self._buffer_flush(event=None)
+
+
+    def do_calltip(self):
+        """ Analyse current and displays useful calltip for it.
+        """
+        if self.debug:
+            print >>sys.__stdout__, "do_calltip" 
+        separators =  re.compile('[\s\{\}\[\]\(\)\= ,:]')
+        symbol = self.input_buffer
+        symbol_string = separators.split(symbol)[-1]
+        base_symbol_string = symbol_string.split('.')[0]
+        if base_symbol_string in self.shell.user_ns:
+            symbol = self.shell.user_ns[base_symbol_string]
+        elif base_symbol_string in self.shell.user_global_ns:
+            symbol = self.shell.user_global_ns[base_symbol_string]
+        elif base_symbol_string in __builtin__.__dict__:
+            symbol = __builtin__.__dict__[base_symbol_string]
+        else:
+            return False
+        try:
+            for name in symbol_string.split('.')[1:] + ['__doc__']:
+                symbol = getattr(symbol, name)
+            self.AutoCompCancel()
+            wx.Yield()
+            self.CallTipShow(self.GetCurrentPos(), symbol)
+        except:
+            # The retrieve symbol couldn't be converted to a string
+            pass
+
+
+    def _popup_completion(self, create=False):
+        """ Updates the popup completion menu if it exists. If create is 
+            true, open the menu.
+        """
+        if self.debug:
+            print >>sys.__stdout__, "_popup_completion", 
+        line = self.input_buffer
+        if (self.AutoCompActive() and not line[-1] == '.') \
+                    or create==True:
+            suggestion, completions = self.complete(line)
+            offset=0
+            if completions:
+                complete_sep =  re.compile('[\s\{\}\[\]\(\)\= ,:]')
+                residual = complete_sep.split(line)[-1]
+                offset = len(residual)
+                self.pop_completion(completions, offset=offset)
+                if self.debug:
+                    print >>sys.__stdout__, completions 
+
+
+    def buffered_write(self, text):
+        """ A write method for streams, that caches the stream in order
+            to avoid flooding the event loop.
+
+            This can be called outside of the main loop, in separate
+            threads.
+        """
+        self._out_buffer_lock.acquire()
+        self._out_buffer.append(text)
+        self._out_buffer_lock.release()
+        if not self._buffer_flush_timer.IsRunning():
+            wx.CallAfter(self._buffer_flush_timer.Start, 
+                                        milliseconds=100, oneShot=True)
+
+
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # LineFrontEnd interface 
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 
+    def execute(self, python_string, raw_string=None):
+        self._input_state = 'buffering'
+        self.CallTipCancel()
+        self._cursor = wx.BusyCursor()
+        if raw_string is None:
+            raw_string = python_string
+        end_line = self.current_prompt_line \
+                        + max(1,  len(raw_string.split('\n'))-1)
+        for i in range(self.current_prompt_line, end_line):
+            if i in self._markers:
+                self.MarkerDeleteHandle(self._markers[i])
+            self._markers[i] = self.MarkerAdd(i, _COMPLETE_BUFFER_MARKER)
+        # Update the display:
+        wx.Yield()
+        self.GotoPos(self.GetLength())
+        PrefilterFrontEnd.execute(self, python_string, raw_string=raw_string)
+
+    def save_output_hooks(self):    
+        self.__old_raw_input = __builtin__.raw_input
+        PrefilterFrontEnd.save_output_hooks(self)
+
+    def capture_output(self):
+        __builtin__.raw_input = self.raw_input
+        self.SetLexer(stc.STC_LEX_NULL)
+        PrefilterFrontEnd.capture_output(self)
+        
+    
+    def release_output(self):
+        __builtin__.raw_input = self.__old_raw_input
+        PrefilterFrontEnd.release_output(self)
+        self.SetLexer(stc.STC_LEX_PYTHON)
+
+
+    def after_execute(self):
+        PrefilterFrontEnd.after_execute(self)
+        # Clear the wait cursor
+        if hasattr(self, '_cursor'):
+            del self._cursor
+        self.SetCursor(wx.StockCursor(wx.CURSOR_CHAR))
+
+
+    def show_traceback(self):
+        start_line = self.GetCurrentLine()
+        PrefilterFrontEnd.show_traceback(self)
+        wx.Yield()
+        for i in range(start_line, self.GetCurrentLine()):
+            self._markers[i] = self.MarkerAdd(i, _ERROR_MARKER)
+
+    
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # ConsoleWidget interface 
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def new_prompt(self, prompt):
+        """ Display a new prompt, and start a new input buffer.
+        """
+        self._input_state = 'readline'
+        ConsoleWidget.new_prompt(self, prompt)
+        i = self.current_prompt_line
+        self._markers[i] = self.MarkerAdd(i, _INPUT_MARKER)
+
+
+    def write(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        # Avoid multiple inheritence, be explicit about which
+        # parent method class gets called
+        ConsoleWidget.write(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+    def _on_key_down(self, event, skip=True):
+        """ Capture the character events, let the parent
+            widget handle them, and put our logic afterward.
+        """
+        # FIXME: This method needs to be broken down in smaller ones.
+        current_line_number = self.GetCurrentLine()
+        if event.KeyCode in (ord('c'), ord('C')) and event.ControlDown():
+            # Capture Control-C
+            if self._input_state == 'subprocess':
+                if self.debug:
+                    print >>sys.__stderr__, 'Killing running process'
+                self._running_process.process.kill()
+            elif self._input_state == 'buffering':
+                if self.debug:
+                    print >>sys.__stderr__, 'Raising KeyboardInterrupt'
+                raise KeyboardInterrupt
+                # XXX: We need to make really sure we
+                # get back to a prompt.
+        elif self._input_state == 'subprocess' and (
+                ( event.KeyCode<256 and
+                        not event.ControlDown() )
+                    or 
+                ( event.KeyCode in (ord('d'), ord('D')) and
+                  event.ControlDown())):
+            #  We are running a process, we redirect keys.
+            ConsoleWidget._on_key_down(self, event, skip=skip)
+            char = chr(event.KeyCode)
+            # Deal with some inconsistency in wx keycodes:
+            if char == '\r':
+                char = '\n'
+            elif not event.ShiftDown():
+                char = char.lower()
+            if event.ControlDown() and event.KeyCode in (ord('d'), ord('D')):
+                char = '\04'
+            self._running_process.process.stdin.write(char)
+            self._running_process.process.stdin.flush()
+        elif event.KeyCode in (ord('('), 57):
+            # Calltips
+            event.Skip()
+            self.do_calltip()
+        elif self.AutoCompActive() and not event.KeyCode == ord('\t'):
+            event.Skip()
+            if event.KeyCode in (wx.WXK_BACK, wx.WXK_DELETE): 
+                wx.CallAfter(self._popup_completion, create=True)
+            elif not event.KeyCode in (wx.WXK_UP, wx.WXK_DOWN, wx.WXK_LEFT,
+                            wx.WXK_RIGHT, wx.WXK_ESCAPE):
+                wx.CallAfter(self._popup_completion)
+        else:
+            # Up history
+            if event.KeyCode == wx.WXK_UP and (
+                    ( current_line_number == self.current_prompt_line and
+                        event.Modifiers in (wx.MOD_NONE, wx.MOD_WIN) ) 
+                    or event.ControlDown() ):
+                new_buffer = self.get_history_previous(
+                                            self.input_buffer)
+                if new_buffer is not None:
+                    self.input_buffer = new_buffer
+                    if self.GetCurrentLine() > self.current_prompt_line:
+                        # Go to first line, for seemless history up.
+                        self.GotoPos(self.current_prompt_pos)
+            # Down history
+            elif event.KeyCode == wx.WXK_DOWN and (
+                    ( current_line_number == self.LineCount -1 and
+                        event.Modifiers in (wx.MOD_NONE, wx.MOD_WIN) ) 
+                    or event.ControlDown() ):
+                new_buffer = self.get_history_next()
+                if new_buffer is not None:
+                    self.input_buffer = new_buffer
+            # Tab-completion
+            elif event.KeyCode == ord('\t'):
+                last_line = self.input_buffer.split('\n')[-1]
+                if not re.match(r'^\s*$', last_line):
+                    self.complete_current_input()
+                    if self.AutoCompActive():
+                        wx.CallAfter(self._popup_completion, create=True)
+                else:
+                    event.Skip()
+            else:
+                ConsoleWidget._on_key_down(self, event, skip=skip)
+
+
+    def _on_key_up(self, event, skip=True):
+        """ Called when any key is released.
+        """
+        if event.KeyCode in (59, ord('.')):
+            # Intercepting '.'
+            event.Skip()
+            self._popup_completion(create=True)
+        else:
+            ConsoleWidget._on_key_up(self, event, skip=skip)
+
+
+    def _on_enter(self):
+        """ Called on return key down, in readline input_state.
+        """
+        if self.debug:
+            print >>sys.__stdout__, repr(self.input_buffer)
+        PrefilterFrontEnd._on_enter(self)
+
+
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # EditWindow API
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def OnUpdateUI(self, event):
+        """ Override the OnUpdateUI of the EditWindow class, to prevent 
+            syntax highlighting both for faster redraw, and for more
+            consistent look and feel.
+        """
+        if not self._input_state == 'readline':
+            ConsoleWidget.OnUpdateUI(self, event)
+
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Private API
+    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 
+    def _end_system_call(self):
+        """ Called at the end of a system call.
+        """
+        self._input_state = 'buffering'
+        self._running_process = False
+
+
+    def _buffer_flush(self, event):
+        """ Called by the timer to flush the write buffer.
+            
+            This is always called in the mainloop, by the wx timer.
+        """
+        self._out_buffer_lock.acquire()
+        _out_buffer = self._out_buffer
+        self._out_buffer = []
+        self._out_buffer_lock.release()
+        self.write(''.join(_out_buffer), refresh=False)
+
+
+    def _colorize_input_buffer(self):
+        """ Keep the input buffer lines at a bright color.
+        """
+        if not self._input_state in ('readline', 'raw_input'):
+            return
+        end_line = self.GetCurrentLine()
+        if not sys.platform == 'win32':
+            end_line += 1
+        for i in range(self.current_prompt_line, end_line):
+            if i in self._markers:
+                self.MarkerDeleteHandle(self._markers[i])
+            self._markers[i] = self.MarkerAdd(i, _INPUT_MARKER)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    class MainWindow(wx.Frame):
+        def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
+            wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title, size=(300,250))
+            self._sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
+            self.shell = WxController(self)
+            self._sizer.Add(self.shell, 1, wx.EXPAND)
+            self.SetSizer(self._sizer)
+            self.SetAutoLayout(1)
+            self.Show(True)
+
+    app = wx.PySimpleApp()
+    frame = MainWindow(None, wx.ID_ANY, 'Ipython')
+    frame.shell.SetFocus()
+    frame.SetSize((680, 460))
+    self = frame.shell
+
+    app.MainLoop()
+

IPython/frontend/zopeinterface.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 b''
+# encoding: utf-8
+# -*- test-case-name: IPython.frontend.tests.test_frontendbase -*-
+"""
+zope.interface mock. If zope is installed, this module provides a zope
+interface classes, if not it provides mocks for them.
+
+Classes provided: 
+Interface, Attribute, implements, classProvides
+"""
+__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
+#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+import string
+import uuid
+import _ast
+
+try:
+    from zope.interface import Interface, Attribute, implements, classProvides
+except ImportError:
+    #zope.interface is not available
+    Interface = object
+    def Attribute(name, doc): pass
+    def implements(interface): pass
+    def classProvides(interface): pass
+

IPython/kernel/core/fd_redirector.py

@@ -0,0 +1,81 b''
+# encoding: utf-8
+
+"""
+Stdout/stderr redirector, at the OS level, using file descriptors.
+
+This also works under windows.
+"""
+
+__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
+#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+import os
+import sys
+
+STDOUT = 1
+STDERR = 2
+
+class FDRedirector(object):
+    """ Class to redirect output (stdout or stderr) at the OS level using
+        file descriptors.
+    """ 
+
+    def __init__(self, fd=STDOUT):
+        """ fd is the file descriptor of the outpout you want to capture.
+            It can be STDOUT or STERR.
+        """
+        self.fd = fd
+        self.started = False
+        self.piper = None
+        self.pipew = None
+
+    def start(self):
+        """ Setup the redirection.
+        """
+        if not self.started:
+            self.oldhandle = os.dup(self.fd)
+            self.piper, self.pipew = os.pipe()
+            os.dup2(self.pipew, self.fd)
+            os.close(self.pipew)
+
+            self.started = True
+
+    def flush(self):
+        """ Flush the captured output, similar to the flush method of any
+        stream.
+        """
+        if self.fd == STDOUT:
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+        elif self.fd == STDERR:
+            sys.stderr.flush()
+
+    def stop(self):
+        """ Unset the redirection and return the captured output. 
+        """
+        if self.started:
+            self.flush()
+            os.dup2(self.oldhandle, self.fd)
+            os.close(self.oldhandle)
+            f = os.fdopen(self.piper, 'r')
+            output = f.read()
+            f.close()
+
+            self.started = False
+            return output
+        else:
+            return ''
+
+    def getvalue(self):
+        """ Return the output captured since the last getvalue, or the
+        start of the redirection.
+        """
+        output = self.stop()
+        self.start()
+        return output

IPython/kernel/core/file_like.py

@@ -0,0 +1,66 b''
+# encoding: utf-8
+
+""" File like object that redirects its write calls to a given callback."""
+
+__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
+#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+import sys
+
+class FileLike(object):
+    """ FileLike object that redirects all write to a callback.
+
+        Only the write-related methods are implemented, as well as those
+        required to read a StringIO.
+    """
+    closed = False
+
+    def __init__(self, write_callback):
+        self.write = write_callback
+
+    def flush(self):
+        """ This method is there for compatibility with other file-like
+        objects.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def close(self):
+        """ This method is there for compatibility with other file-like
+        objects.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def writelines(self, lines):
+        map(self.write, lines)
+
+    def isatty(self):
+        """ This method is there for compatibility with other file-like
+        objects.
+        """
+        return False
+
+    def getvalue(self):
+        """ This method is there for compatibility with other file-like
+        objects.
+        """
+        return ''
+
+    def reset(self):
+        """ This method is there for compatibility with other file-like
+        objects.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def truncate(self):
+        """ This method is there for compatibility with other file-like
+        objects.
+        """
+        pass
+
+

IPython/kernel/core/redirector_output_trap.py

@@ -0,0 +1,97 b''
+# encoding: utf-8
+
+""" 
+Trap stdout/stderr, including at the OS level. Calls a callback with
+the output each time Python tries to write to the stdout or stderr.
+"""
+
+__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
+#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+from fd_redirector import FDRedirector, STDOUT, STDERR
+
+from IPython.kernel.core.file_like import FileLike
+from IPython.kernel.core.output_trap import OutputTrap
+
+class RedirectorOutputTrap(OutputTrap):
+    """ Object which can trap text sent to stdout and stderr.
+    """
+
+    #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # OutputTrap interface.
+    #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    def __init__(self, out_callback, err_callback):
+        """ 
+        out_callback : callable called when there is output in the stdout
+        err_callback : callable called when there is output in the stderr
+        """
+        # Callback invoked on write to stdout and stderr 
+        self.out_callback = out_callback
+        self.err_callback = err_callback
+
+        # File descriptor redirectors, to capture non-Python
+        # output.
+        self.out_redirector = FDRedirector(STDOUT)
+        self.err_redirector = FDRedirector(STDERR)
+
+        # Call the base class with file like objects that will trigger
+        # our callbacks
+        OutputTrap.__init__(self, out=FileLike(self.on_out_write),
+                                  err=FileLike(self.on_err_write), )
+
+
+    def set(self):
+        """ Set the hooks: set the redirectors and call the base class.
+        """
+        self.out_redirector.start()
+        self.err_redirector.start()
+        OutputTrap.set(self)
+
+
+    def unset(self):
+        """ Remove the hooks: call the base class and stop the
+            redirectors.
+        """
+        OutputTrap.unset(self)
+        # Flush the redirectors before stopping them
+        self.on_err_write('')
+        self.err_redirector.stop()
+        self.on_out_write('')
+        self.out_redirector.stop()
+
+
+    #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Callbacks for synchronous output 
+    #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    def on_out_write(self, string):
+        """ Callback called when there is some Python output on stdout.
+        """
+        try:
+            self.out_callback(self.out_redirector.getvalue() + string)
+        except:
+            # If tracebacks are happening and we can't see them, it is
+            # quasy impossible to debug
+            self.unset()
+            raise
+
+    def on_err_write(self, string):
+        """ Callback called when there is some Python output on stderr.
+        """
+        try:
+            self.err_callback(self.err_redirector.getvalue() + string)
+        except:
+            # If tracebacks are happening and we can't see them, it is
+            # quasy impossible to debug
+            self.unset()
+            raise
+

IPython/kernel/core/sync_traceback_trap.py

@@ -0,0 +1,53 b''
+# encoding: utf-8
+
+"""Object to manage sys.excepthook().
+
+Synchronous version: prints errors when called.
+"""
+
+__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
+#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+from traceback_trap import TracebackTrap
+from IPython.ultraTB import ColorTB
+
+class SyncTracebackTrap(TracebackTrap):
+    """ TracebackTrap that displays immediatly the traceback in addition
+    to capturing it. Useful in frontends, as without this traceback trap, 
+    some tracebacks never get displayed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, sync_formatter=None, formatters=None,
+                                                    raiseException=True):
+        """
+        sync_formatter: Callable to display the traceback.
+        formatters: A list of formatters to apply.
+        """
+        TracebackTrap.__init__(self, formatters=formatters)
+        if sync_formatter is None:
+            sync_formatter = ColorTB(color_scheme='LightBG')
+        self.sync_formatter = sync_formatter
+        self.raiseException = raiseException
+
+
+    def hook(self, *args):
+        """ This method actually implements the hook.
+        """
+        self.args = args
+        if not self.raiseException:
+            print self.sync_formatter(*self.args)
+        else:
+            raise
+
+
+        
+

IPython/kernel/core/tests/test_redirectors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,61 b''
+# encoding: utf-8
+"""
+Test the output capture at the OS level, using file descriptors.
+"""
+
+__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is
+#  in the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+import os
+from cStringIO import StringIO
+
+
+def test_redirector():
+    """ Checks that the redirector can be used to do synchronous capture.
+    """
+    from IPython.kernel.core.fd_redirector import FDRedirector
+    r = FDRedirector()
+    out = StringIO()
+    try:
+        r.start()
+        for i in range(10):
+            os.system('echo %ic' % i)
+            print >>out, r.getvalue(),
+            print >>out, i
+    except:
+        r.stop()
+        raise
+    r.stop()
+    assert out.getvalue() == "".join("%ic\n%i\n" %(i, i) for i in range(10))
+
+
+def test_redirector_output_trap():
+    """ This test check not only that the redirector_output_trap does
+        trap the output, but also that it does it in a gready way, that
+        is by calling the callback ASAP.
+    """
+    from IPython.kernel.core.redirector_output_trap import RedirectorOutputTrap
+    out = StringIO()
+    trap = RedirectorOutputTrap(out.write, out.write)
+    try:
+        trap.set()
+        for i in range(10):
+            os.system('echo %ic' % i)
+            print "%ip" % i
+            print >>out, i
+    except:
+        trap.unset()
+        raise
+    trap.unset()
+    assert out.getvalue() == "".join("%ic\n%ip\n%i\n" %(i, i, i) 
+                                                    for i in range(10))
+
+    
+

scripts/ipythonx

@@ -0,0 +1,11 b''
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""IPythonX -- An enhanced Interactive Python
+
+This script starts the Wx graphical frontend. This is experimental so
+far.
+"""
+
+from IPython.frontend.wx import ipythonx
+
+ipythonx.main()

IPython/Extensions/ipy_legacy.py

@@ -1,62 +1,62 b''
 """ Legacy stuff
 
 Various stuff that are there for historical / familiarity reasons.
 
 This is automatically imported by default profile, though not other profiles
 (e.g. 'sh' profile).
 
 Stuff that is considered obsolete / redundant is gradually moved here.
 
 """
 
 import IPython.ipapi
 ip = IPython.ipapi.get()
 
 import os,sys
 
 from IPython.genutils import *
 
 # use rehashx
 
 def magic_rehash(self, parameter_s = ''):
     """Update the alias table with all entries in $PATH.
 
     This version does no checks on execute permissions or whether the
     contents of $PATH are truly files (instead of directories or something
     else).  For such a safer (but slower) version, use %rehashx."""
 
     # This function (and rehashx) manipulate the alias_table directly
     # rather than calling magic_alias, for speed reasons.  A rehash on a
     # typical Linux box involves several thousand entries, so efficiency
     # here is a top concern.
 
     path = filter(os.path.isdir,os.environ.get('PATH','').split(os.pathsep))
     alias_table = self.shell.alias_table
     for pdir in path:
         for ff in os.listdir(pdir):
             # each entry in the alias table must be (N,name), where
             # N is the number of positional arguments of the alias.
             alias_table[ff] = (0,ff)
     # Make sure the alias table doesn't contain keywords or builtins
     self.shell.alias_table_validate()
     # Call again init_auto_alias() so we get 'rm -i' and other modified
     # aliases since %rehash will probably clobber them
     self.shell.init_auto_alias()
 
 ip.expose_magic("rehash", magic_rehash)
 
 # Exit
 def magic_Quit(self, parameter_s=''):
     """Exit IPython without confirmation (like %Exit)."""
 
-    self.shell.exit_now = True
+    self.shell.ask_exit()
 
 ip.expose_magic("Quit", magic_Quit)
 
 
 # make it autocallable fn if you really need it
 def magic_p(self, parameter_s=''):
     """Just a short alias for Python's 'print'."""
     exec 'print ' + parameter_s in self.shell.user_ns
 
 ip.expose_magic("p", magic_p)

IPython/Magic.py

@@ -1,3350 +1,3350 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """Magic functions for InteractiveShell.
 
 $Id: Magic.py 2996 2008-01-30 06:31:39Z fperez $"""
 
 #*****************************************************************************
 #       Copyright (C) 2001 Janko Hauser <[e-mail]> and
 #       Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Fernando Perez <[e-mail]>
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #*****************************************************************************
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Modules and globals
 
 from IPython import Release
 __author__  = '%s <%s>\n%s <%s>' % \
               ( Release.authors['Janko'] + Release.authors['Fernando'] )
 __license__ = Release.license
 
 # Python standard modules
 import __builtin__
 import bdb
 import inspect
 import os
 import pdb
 import pydoc
 import sys
 import re
 import tempfile
 import time
 import cPickle as pickle
 import textwrap
 from cStringIO import StringIO
 from getopt import getopt,GetoptError
 from pprint import pprint, pformat
 from sets import Set
 
 # cProfile was added in Python2.5
 try:
     import cProfile as profile
     import pstats
 except ImportError:
     # profile isn't bundled by default in Debian for license reasons
     try:
         import profile,pstats
     except ImportError:
         profile = pstats = None
 
 # Homebrewed
 import IPython
 from IPython import Debugger, OInspect, wildcard
 from IPython.FakeModule import FakeModule
 from IPython.Itpl import Itpl, itpl, printpl,itplns
 from IPython.PyColorize import Parser
 from IPython.ipstruct import Struct
 from IPython.macro import Macro
 from IPython.genutils import *
 from IPython import platutils
 import IPython.generics
 import IPython.ipapi
 from IPython.ipapi import UsageError
 from IPython.testing import decorators as testdec
 
 #***************************************************************************
 # Utility functions
 def on_off(tag):
     """Return an ON/OFF string for a 1/0 input. Simple utility function."""
     return ['OFF','ON'][tag]
 
 class Bunch: pass
 
 def compress_dhist(dh):
     head, tail = dh[:-10], dh[-10:]
 
     newhead = []
     done = Set()
     for h in head:
         if h in done:
             continue
         newhead.append(h)
         done.add(h)
 
     return newhead + tail        
         
 
 #***************************************************************************
 # Main class implementing Magic functionality
 class Magic:
     """Magic functions for InteractiveShell.
 
     Shell functions which can be reached as %function_name. All magic
     functions should accept a string, which they can parse for their own
     needs. This can make some functions easier to type, eg `%cd ../`
     vs. `%cd("../")`
 
     ALL definitions MUST begin with the prefix magic_. The user won't need it
     at the command line, but it is is needed in the definition. """
 
     # class globals
     auto_status = ['Automagic is OFF, % prefix IS needed for magic functions.',
                    'Automagic is ON, % prefix NOT needed for magic functions.']
 
     #......................................................................
     # some utility functions
 
     def __init__(self,shell):
         
         self.options_table = {}
         if profile is None:
             self.magic_prun = self.profile_missing_notice
         self.shell = shell
 
         # namespace for holding state we may need
         self._magic_state = Bunch()
 
     def profile_missing_notice(self, *args, **kwargs):
         error("""\
 The profile module could not be found. It has been removed from the standard
 python packages because of its non-free license. To use profiling, install the
 python-profiler package from non-free.""")
 
     def default_option(self,fn,optstr):
         """Make an entry in the options_table for fn, with value optstr"""
 
         if fn not in self.lsmagic():
             error("%s is not a magic function" % fn)
         self.options_table[fn] = optstr
 
     def lsmagic(self):
         """Return a list of currently available magic functions.
 
         Gives a list of the bare names after mangling (['ls','cd', ...], not
         ['magic_ls','magic_cd',...]"""
 
         # FIXME. This needs a cleanup, in the way the magics list is built.
         
         # magics in class definition
         class_magic = lambda fn: fn.startswith('magic_') and \
                       callable(Magic.__dict__[fn])
         # in instance namespace (run-time user additions)
         inst_magic =  lambda fn: fn.startswith('magic_') and \
                      callable(self.__dict__[fn])
         # and bound magics by user (so they can access self):
         inst_bound_magic =  lambda fn: fn.startswith('magic_') and \
                            callable(self.__class__.__dict__[fn])
         magics = filter(class_magic,Magic.__dict__.keys()) + \
                  filter(inst_magic,self.__dict__.keys()) + \
                  filter(inst_bound_magic,self.__class__.__dict__.keys())
         out = []
         for fn in Set(magics):
             out.append(fn.replace('magic_','',1))
         out.sort()
         return out
     
     def extract_input_slices(self,slices,raw=False):
         """Return as a string a set of input history slices.
 
         Inputs:
 
           - slices: the set of slices is given as a list of strings (like
           ['1','4:8','9'], since this function is for use by magic functions
           which get their arguments as strings.
 
         Optional inputs:
 
           - raw(False): by default, the processed input is used.  If this is
           true, the raw input history is used instead.
 
         Note that slices can be called with two notations:
 
         N:M -> standard python form, means including items N...(M-1).
 
         N-M -> include items N..M (closed endpoint)."""
 
         if raw:
             hist = self.shell.input_hist_raw
         else:
             hist = self.shell.input_hist
 
         cmds = []
         for chunk in slices:
             if ':' in chunk:
                 ini,fin = map(int,chunk.split(':'))
             elif '-' in chunk:
                 ini,fin = map(int,chunk.split('-'))
                 fin += 1
             else:
                 ini = int(chunk)
                 fin = ini+1
             cmds.append(hist[ini:fin])
         return cmds
         
     def _ofind(self, oname, namespaces=None):
         """Find an object in the available namespaces.
 
         self._ofind(oname) -> dict with keys: found,obj,ospace,ismagic
 
         Has special code to detect magic functions.
         """
         
         oname = oname.strip()
 
         alias_ns = None
         if namespaces is None:
             # Namespaces to search in:
             # Put them in a list. The order is important so that we
             # find things in the same order that Python finds them.
             namespaces = [ ('Interactive', self.shell.user_ns),
                            ('IPython internal', self.shell.internal_ns),
                            ('Python builtin', __builtin__.__dict__),
                            ('Alias', self.shell.alias_table),
                            ]
             alias_ns = self.shell.alias_table
 
         # initialize results to 'null'
         found = 0; obj = None;  ospace = None;  ds = None;
         ismagic = 0; isalias = 0; parent = None
 
         # Look for the given name by splitting it in parts.  If the head is
         # found, then we look for all the remaining parts as members, and only
         # declare success if we can find them all.
         oname_parts = oname.split('.')
         oname_head, oname_rest = oname_parts[0],oname_parts[1:]
         for nsname,ns in namespaces:
             try:
                 obj = ns[oname_head]
             except KeyError:
                 continue
             else:
                 #print 'oname_rest:', oname_rest  # dbg
                 for part in oname_rest:
                     try:
                         parent = obj
                         obj = getattr(obj,part)
                     except:
                         # Blanket except b/c some badly implemented objects
                         # allow __getattr__ to raise exceptions other than
                         # AttributeError, which then crashes IPython.
                         break
                 else:
                     # If we finish the for loop (no break), we got all members
                     found = 1
                     ospace = nsname
                     if ns == alias_ns:
                         isalias = 1
                     break  # namespace loop
 
         # Try to see if it's magic
         if not found:
             if oname.startswith(self.shell.ESC_MAGIC):
                 oname = oname[1:]
             obj = getattr(self,'magic_'+oname,None)
             if obj is not None:
                 found = 1
                 ospace = 'IPython internal'
                 ismagic = 1
 
         # Last try: special-case some literals like '', [], {}, etc:
         if not found and oname_head in ["''",'""','[]','{}','()']:
             obj = eval(oname_head)
             found = 1
             ospace = 'Interactive'
             
         return {'found':found, 'obj':obj, 'namespace':ospace,
                 'ismagic':ismagic, 'isalias':isalias, 'parent':parent}
     
     def arg_err(self,func):
         """Print docstring if incorrect arguments were passed"""
         print 'Error in arguments:'
         print OInspect.getdoc(func)
 
     def format_latex(self,strng):
         """Format a string for latex inclusion."""
 
         # Characters that need to be escaped for latex:
         escape_re = re.compile(r'(%|_|\$|#|&)',re.MULTILINE)
         # Magic command names as headers:
         cmd_name_re = re.compile(r'^(%s.*?):' % self.shell.ESC_MAGIC,
                                  re.MULTILINE)
         # Magic commands 
         cmd_re = re.compile(r'(?P<cmd>%s.+?\b)(?!\}\}:)' % self.shell.ESC_MAGIC,
                             re.MULTILINE)
         # Paragraph continue
         par_re = re.compile(r'\\$',re.MULTILINE)
 
         # The "\n" symbol
         newline_re = re.compile(r'\\n')
 
         # Now build the string for output:
         #strng = cmd_name_re.sub(r'\n\\texttt{\\textsl{\\large \1}}:',strng)
         strng = cmd_name_re.sub(r'\n\\bigskip\n\\texttt{\\textbf{ \1}}:',
                                 strng)
         strng = cmd_re.sub(r'\\texttt{\g<cmd>}',strng)
         strng = par_re.sub(r'\\\\',strng)
         strng = escape_re.sub(r'\\\1',strng)
         strng = newline_re.sub(r'\\textbackslash{}n',strng)
         return strng
 
     def format_screen(self,strng):
         """Format a string for screen printing.
 
         This removes some latex-type format codes."""
         # Paragraph continue
         par_re = re.compile(r'\\$',re.MULTILINE)
         strng = par_re.sub('',strng)
         return strng
 
     def parse_options(self,arg_str,opt_str,*long_opts,**kw):
         """Parse options passed to an argument string.
 
         The interface is similar to that of getopt(), but it returns back a
         Struct with the options as keys and the stripped argument string still
         as a string.
 
         arg_str is quoted as a true sys.argv vector by using shlex.split.
         This allows us to easily expand variables, glob files, quote
         arguments, etc.
 
         Options:
           -mode: default 'string'. If given as 'list', the argument string is
           returned as a list (split on whitespace) instead of a string.
 
           -list_all: put all option values in lists. Normally only options
           appearing more than once are put in a list.
 
           -posix (True): whether to split the input line in POSIX mode or not,
           as per the conventions outlined in the shlex module from the
           standard library."""
  
         # inject default options at the beginning of the input line
         caller = sys._getframe(1).f_code.co_name.replace('magic_','')
         arg_str = '%s %s' % (self.options_table.get(caller,''),arg_str)
         
         mode = kw.get('mode','string')
         if mode not in ['string','list']:
             raise ValueError,'incorrect mode given: %s' % mode
         # Get options
         list_all = kw.get('list_all',0)
         posix = kw.get('posix',True)
 
         # Check if we have more than one argument to warrant extra processing:
         odict = {}  # Dictionary with options
         args = arg_str.split()
         if len(args) >= 1:
             # If the list of inputs only has 0 or 1 thing in it, there's no
             # need to look for options
             argv = arg_split(arg_str,posix)
             # Do regular option processing
             try:
                 opts,args = getopt(argv,opt_str,*long_opts)
             except GetoptError,e:
                 raise UsageError('%s ( allowed: "%s" %s)' % (e.msg,opt_str, 
                                         " ".join(long_opts)))
             for o,a in opts:
                 if o.startswith('--'):
                     o = o[2:]
                 else:
                     o = o[1:]
                 try:
                     odict[o].append(a)
                 except AttributeError:
                     odict[o] = [odict[o],a]
                 except KeyError:
                     if list_all:
                         odict[o] = [a]
                     else:
                         odict[o] = a
 
         # Prepare opts,args for return
         opts = Struct(odict)
         if mode == 'string':
             args = ' '.join(args)
 
         return opts,args
     
     #......................................................................
     # And now the actual magic functions
 
     # Functions for IPython shell work (vars,funcs, config, etc)
     def magic_lsmagic(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """List currently available magic functions."""
         mesc = self.shell.ESC_MAGIC
         print 'Available magic functions:\n'+mesc+\
               ('  '+mesc).join(self.lsmagic())
         print '\n' + Magic.auto_status[self.shell.rc.automagic]
         return None
         
     def magic_magic(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Print information about the magic function system.
         
         Supported formats: -latex, -brief, -rest        
         """
 
         mode = ''
         try:
             if parameter_s.split()[0] == '-latex':
                 mode = 'latex'
             if parameter_s.split()[0] == '-brief':
                 mode = 'brief'
             if parameter_s.split()[0] == '-rest':
                 mode = 'rest'
                 rest_docs = []
         except:
             pass
 
         magic_docs = []
         for fname in self.lsmagic():
             mname = 'magic_' + fname
             for space in (Magic,self,self.__class__):
                 try:
                     fn = space.__dict__[mname]
                 except KeyError:
                     pass
                 else:
                     break
             if mode == 'brief':
                 # only first line
                 if fn.__doc__:                    
                     fndoc = fn.__doc__.split('\n',1)[0]
                 else:
                     fndoc = 'No documentation'
             else:
                 fndoc = fn.__doc__.rstrip()
                 
             if mode == 'rest':
                 rest_docs.append('**%s%s**::\n\n\t%s\n\n' %(self.shell.ESC_MAGIC,
                                                     fname,fndoc))
                 
             else:
                 magic_docs.append('%s%s:\n\t%s\n' %(self.shell.ESC_MAGIC,
                                                     fname,fndoc))
                 
         magic_docs = ''.join(magic_docs)
 
         if mode == 'rest':
             return "".join(rest_docs)
         
         if mode == 'latex':
             print self.format_latex(magic_docs)
             return
         else:
             magic_docs = self.format_screen(magic_docs)
         if mode == 'brief':
             return magic_docs
         
         outmsg = """
 IPython's 'magic' functions
 ===========================
 
 The magic function system provides a series of functions which allow you to
 control the behavior of IPython itself, plus a lot of system-type
 features. All these functions are prefixed with a % character, but parameters
 are given without parentheses or quotes.
 
 NOTE: If you have 'automagic' enabled (via the command line option or with the
 %automagic function), you don't need to type in the % explicitly.  By default,
 IPython ships with automagic on, so you should only rarely need the % escape.
 
 Example: typing '%cd mydir' (without the quotes) changes you working directory
 to 'mydir', if it exists.
 
 You can define your own magic functions to extend the system. See the supplied
 ipythonrc and example-magic.py files for details (in your ipython
 configuration directory, typically $HOME/.ipython/).
 
 You can also define your own aliased names for magic functions. In your
 ipythonrc file, placing a line like:
 
   execute __IPYTHON__.magic_pf = __IPYTHON__.magic_profile
 
 will define %pf as a new name for %profile.
 
 You can also call magics in code using the ipmagic() function, which IPython
 automatically adds to the builtin namespace.  Type 'ipmagic?' for details.
 
 For a list of the available magic functions, use %lsmagic. For a description
 of any of them, type %magic_name?, e.g. '%cd?'.
 
 Currently the magic system has the following functions:\n"""
 
         mesc = self.shell.ESC_MAGIC
         outmsg = ("%s\n%s\n\nSummary of magic functions (from %slsmagic):"
                   "\n\n%s%s\n\n%s" % (outmsg,
                                      magic_docs,mesc,mesc,
                                      ('  '+mesc).join(self.lsmagic()),
                                      Magic.auto_status[self.shell.rc.automagic] ) )
 
         page(outmsg,screen_lines=self.shell.rc.screen_length)
   
 
     def magic_autoindent(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Toggle autoindent on/off (if available)."""
 
         self.shell.set_autoindent()
         print "Automatic indentation is:",['OFF','ON'][self.shell.autoindent]
 
 
     def magic_automagic(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Make magic functions callable without having to type the initial %.
 
         Without argumentsl toggles on/off (when off, you must call it as
         %automagic, of course).  With arguments it sets the value, and you can
         use any of (case insensitive):
 
          - on,1,True: to activate
 
          - off,0,False: to deactivate.
 
         Note that magic functions have lowest priority, so if there's a
         variable whose name collides with that of a magic fn, automagic won't
         work for that function (you get the variable instead). However, if you
         delete the variable (del var), the previously shadowed magic function
         becomes visible to automagic again."""
 
         rc = self.shell.rc
         arg = parameter_s.lower()
         if parameter_s in ('on','1','true'):
             rc.automagic = True
         elif parameter_s in ('off','0','false'):
             rc.automagic = False
         else:
             rc.automagic = not rc.automagic
         print '\n' + Magic.auto_status[rc.automagic]
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_autocall(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Make functions callable without having to type parentheses.
 
         Usage:
 
            %autocall [mode]
 
         The mode can be one of: 0->Off, 1->Smart, 2->Full.  If not given, the
         value is toggled on and off (remembering the previous state).
 
         In more detail, these values mean:
 
         0 -> fully disabled
 
         1 -> active, but do not apply if there are no arguments on the line.
 
         In this mode, you get:
 
         In [1]: callable
         Out[1]: <built-in function callable>
 
         In [2]: callable 'hello'
         ------> callable('hello')
         Out[2]: False
 
         2 -> Active always.  Even if no arguments are present, the callable
         object is called:
 
         In [2]: float
         ------> float()
         Out[2]: 0.0
 
         Note that even with autocall off, you can still use '/' at the start of
         a line to treat the first argument on the command line as a function
         and add parentheses to it:
 
         In [8]: /str 43
         ------> str(43)
         Out[8]: '43'
 
         # all-random (note for auto-testing)
         """
 
         rc = self.shell.rc
 
         if parameter_s:
             arg = int(parameter_s)
         else:
             arg = 'toggle'
 
         if not arg in (0,1,2,'toggle'):
             error('Valid modes: (0->Off, 1->Smart, 2->Full')
             return
 
         if arg in (0,1,2):
             rc.autocall = arg
         else: # toggle
             if rc.autocall:
                 self._magic_state.autocall_save = rc.autocall
                 rc.autocall = 0
             else:
                 try:
                     rc.autocall = self._magic_state.autocall_save
                 except AttributeError:
                     rc.autocall = self._magic_state.autocall_save = 1
 
         print "Automatic calling is:",['OFF','Smart','Full'][rc.autocall]
 
     def magic_system_verbose(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Set verbose printing of system calls.
 
         If called without an argument, act as a toggle"""
 
         if parameter_s:
             val = bool(eval(parameter_s))
         else:
             val = None
             
         self.shell.rc_set_toggle('system_verbose',val)
         print "System verbose printing is:",\
               ['OFF','ON'][self.shell.rc.system_verbose]
 
 
     def magic_page(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Pretty print the object and display it through a pager.
         
         %page [options] OBJECT
 
         If no object is given, use _ (last output).
         
         Options:
 
           -r: page str(object), don't pretty-print it."""
 
         # After a function contributed by Olivier Aubert, slightly modified.
 
         # Process options/args
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'r')
         raw = 'r' in opts
 
         oname = args and args or '_'
         info = self._ofind(oname)
         if info['found']:
             txt = (raw and str or pformat)( info['obj'] )
             page(txt)
         else:
             print 'Object `%s` not found' % oname
 
     def magic_profile(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Print your currently active IPyhton profile."""
         if self.shell.rc.profile:
             printpl('Current IPython profile: $self.shell.rc.profile.')
         else:
             print 'No profile active.'
 
     def magic_pinfo(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
         """Provide detailed information about an object.
     
         '%pinfo object' is just a synonym for object? or ?object."""
     
         #print 'pinfo par: <%s>' % parameter_s  # dbg
     
         
         # detail_level: 0 -> obj? , 1 -> obj??
         detail_level = 0
         # We need to detect if we got called as 'pinfo pinfo foo', which can
         # happen if the user types 'pinfo foo?' at the cmd line.
         pinfo,qmark1,oname,qmark2 = \
                re.match('(pinfo )?(\?*)(.*?)(\??$)',parameter_s).groups()
         if pinfo or qmark1 or qmark2:
             detail_level = 1
         if "*" in oname:
             self.magic_psearch(oname)
         else:
             self._inspect('pinfo', oname, detail_level=detail_level,
                           namespaces=namespaces)
 
     def magic_pdef(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
         """Print the definition header for any callable object.
 
         If the object is a class, print the constructor information."""
         self._inspect('pdef',parameter_s, namespaces)
 
     def magic_pdoc(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
         """Print the docstring for an object.
 
         If the given object is a class, it will print both the class and the
         constructor docstrings."""
         self._inspect('pdoc',parameter_s, namespaces)
 
     def magic_psource(self, parameter_s='', namespaces=None):
         """Print (or run through pager) the source code for an object."""
         self._inspect('psource',parameter_s, namespaces)
 
     def magic_pfile(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Print (or run through pager) the file where an object is defined.
 
         The file opens at the line where the object definition begins. IPython
         will honor the environment variable PAGER if set, and otherwise will
         do its best to print the file in a convenient form.
 
         If the given argument is not an object currently defined, IPython will
         try to interpret it as a filename (automatically adding a .py extension
         if needed). You can thus use %pfile as a syntax highlighting code
         viewer."""
 
         # first interpret argument as an object name
         out = self._inspect('pfile',parameter_s)
         # if not, try the input as a filename
         if out == 'not found':
             try:
                 filename = get_py_filename(parameter_s)
             except IOError,msg:
                 print msg
                 return
             page(self.shell.inspector.format(file(filename).read()))
 
     def _inspect(self,meth,oname,namespaces=None,**kw):
         """Generic interface to the inspector system.
 
         This function is meant to be called by pdef, pdoc & friends."""
 
         #oname = oname.strip()
         #print '1- oname: <%r>' % oname  # dbg
         try:
             oname = oname.strip().encode('ascii')
             #print '2- oname: <%r>' % oname  # dbg
         except UnicodeEncodeError:
             print 'Python identifiers can only contain ascii characters.'
             return 'not found'
             
         info = Struct(self._ofind(oname, namespaces))
         
         if info.found:
             try:
                 IPython.generics.inspect_object(info.obj)
                 return
             except IPython.ipapi.TryNext:
                 pass
             # Get the docstring of the class property if it exists.
             path = oname.split('.')
             root = '.'.join(path[:-1])
             if info.parent is not None:
                 try:
                     target = getattr(info.parent, '__class__') 
                     # The object belongs to a class instance. 
                     try: 
                         target = getattr(target, path[-1])
                         # The class defines the object. 
                         if isinstance(target, property):
                             oname = root + '.__class__.' + path[-1]
                             info = Struct(self._ofind(oname))
                     except AttributeError: pass
                 except AttributeError: pass
                         
             pmethod = getattr(self.shell.inspector,meth)
             formatter = info.ismagic and self.format_screen or None
             if meth == 'pdoc':
                 pmethod(info.obj,oname,formatter)
             elif meth == 'pinfo':
                 pmethod(info.obj,oname,formatter,info,**kw)
             else:
                 pmethod(info.obj,oname)
         else:
             print 'Object `%s` not found.' % oname
             return 'not found'  # so callers can take other action
         
     def magic_psearch(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Search for object in namespaces by wildcard.
 
         %psearch [options] PATTERN [OBJECT TYPE]
 
         Note: ? can be used as a synonym for %psearch, at the beginning or at
         the end: both a*? and ?a* are equivalent to '%psearch a*'.  Still, the
         rest of the command line must be unchanged (options come first), so
         for example the following forms are equivalent
 
         %psearch -i a* function
         -i a* function?
         ?-i a* function
 
         Arguments:
         
           PATTERN
 
           where PATTERN is a string containing * as a wildcard similar to its
           use in a shell.  The pattern is matched in all namespaces on the
           search path. By default objects starting with a single _ are not
           matched, many IPython generated objects have a single
           underscore. The default is case insensitive matching. Matching is
           also done on the attributes of objects and not only on the objects
           in a module.
 
           [OBJECT TYPE]
 
           Is the name of a python type from the types module. The name is
           given in lowercase without the ending type, ex. StringType is
           written string. By adding a type here only objects matching the
           given type are matched. Using all here makes the pattern match all
           types (this is the default).
 
         Options:
 
           -a: makes the pattern match even objects whose names start with a
           single underscore.  These names are normally ommitted from the
           search.
 
           -i/-c: make the pattern case insensitive/sensitive.  If neither of
           these options is given, the default is read from your ipythonrc
           file.  The option name which sets this value is
           'wildcards_case_sensitive'.  If this option is not specified in your
           ipythonrc file, IPython's internal default is to do a case sensitive
           search.
 
           -e/-s NAMESPACE: exclude/search a given namespace.  The pattern you
           specifiy can be searched in any of the following namespaces:
           'builtin', 'user', 'user_global','internal', 'alias', where
           'builtin' and 'user' are the search defaults.  Note that you should
           not use quotes when specifying namespaces.
 
           'Builtin' contains the python module builtin, 'user' contains all
           user data, 'alias' only contain the shell aliases and no python
           objects, 'internal' contains objects used by IPython.  The
           'user_global' namespace is only used by embedded IPython instances,
           and it contains module-level globals.  You can add namespaces to the
           search with -s or exclude them with -e (these options can be given
           more than once).
     
         Examples:
        
         %psearch a*            -> objects beginning with an a
         %psearch -e builtin a* -> objects NOT in the builtin space starting in a
         %psearch a* function   -> all functions beginning with an a
         %psearch re.e*         -> objects beginning with an e in module re
         %psearch r*.e*         -> objects that start with e in modules starting in r
         %psearch r*.* string   -> all strings in modules beginning with r
 
         Case sensitve search:
        
         %psearch -c a*         list all object beginning with lower case a
 
         Show objects beginning with a single _:
        
         %psearch -a _*         list objects beginning with a single underscore"""
         try:
             parameter_s = parameter_s.encode('ascii')
         except UnicodeEncodeError:
             print 'Python identifiers can only contain ascii characters.'
             return
 
         # default namespaces to be searched
         def_search = ['user','builtin']
 
         # Process options/args
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'cias:e:',list_all=True)
         opt = opts.get
         shell = self.shell
         psearch = shell.inspector.psearch
 
         # select case options
         if opts.has_key('i'):
             ignore_case = True
         elif opts.has_key('c'):
             ignore_case = False
         else:
             ignore_case = not shell.rc.wildcards_case_sensitive
 
         # Build list of namespaces to search from user options
         def_search.extend(opt('s',[]))
         ns_exclude = ns_exclude=opt('e',[])
         ns_search = [nm for nm in def_search if nm not in ns_exclude]
         
         # Call the actual search
         try:
             psearch(args,shell.ns_table,ns_search,
                     show_all=opt('a'),ignore_case=ignore_case)
         except:
             shell.showtraceback()
 
     def magic_who_ls(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Return a sorted list of all interactive variables.
 
         If arguments are given, only variables of types matching these
         arguments are returned."""
 
         user_ns = self.shell.user_ns
         internal_ns = self.shell.internal_ns
         user_config_ns = self.shell.user_config_ns
         out = []
         typelist = parameter_s.split()
 
         for i in user_ns:
             if not (i.startswith('_') or i.startswith('_i')) \
                    and not (i in internal_ns or i in user_config_ns):
                 if typelist:
                     if type(user_ns[i]).__name__ in typelist:
                         out.append(i)
                 else:
                     out.append(i)
         out.sort()
         return out
         
     def magic_who(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Print all interactive variables, with some minimal formatting.
 
         If any arguments are given, only variables whose type matches one of
         these are printed.  For example:
 
           %who function str
 
         will only list functions and strings, excluding all other types of
         variables.  To find the proper type names, simply use type(var) at a
         command line to see how python prints type names.  For example:
 
           In [1]: type('hello')\\
           Out[1]: <type 'str'>
 
         indicates that the type name for strings is 'str'.
 
         %who always excludes executed names loaded through your configuration
         file and things which are internal to IPython.
 
         This is deliberate, as typically you may load many modules and the
         purpose of %who is to show you only what you've manually defined."""
 
         varlist = self.magic_who_ls(parameter_s)
         if not varlist:
             if parameter_s:
                 print 'No variables match your requested type.'
             else:
                 print 'Interactive namespace is empty.'
             return
 
         # if we have variables, move on...
         count = 0
         for i in varlist:
             print i+'\t',
             count += 1
             if count > 8:
                 count = 0
                 print
         print
 
     def magic_whos(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Like %who, but gives some extra information about each variable.
 
         The same type filtering of %who can be applied here.
 
         For all variables, the type is printed. Additionally it prints:
         
           - For {},[],(): their length.
 
           - For numpy and Numeric arrays, a summary with shape, number of
           elements, typecode and size in memory.
 
           - Everything else: a string representation, snipping their middle if
           too long."""
         
         varnames = self.magic_who_ls(parameter_s)
         if not varnames:
             if parameter_s:
                 print 'No variables match your requested type.'
             else:
                 print 'Interactive namespace is empty.'
             return
 
         # if we have variables, move on...
 
         # for these types, show len() instead of data:
         seq_types = [types.DictType,types.ListType,types.TupleType]
 
         # for numpy/Numeric arrays, display summary info
         try:
             import numpy
         except ImportError:
             ndarray_type = None
         else:
             ndarray_type = numpy.ndarray.__name__
         try:
             import Numeric
         except ImportError:
             array_type = None
         else:
             array_type = Numeric.ArrayType.__name__
 
         # Find all variable names and types so we can figure out column sizes
         def get_vars(i):
             return self.shell.user_ns[i]
         
         # some types are well known and can be shorter
         abbrevs = {'IPython.macro.Macro' : 'Macro'}
         def type_name(v):
             tn = type(v).__name__
             return abbrevs.get(tn,tn)
             
         varlist = map(get_vars,varnames)
 
         typelist = []
         for vv in varlist:
             tt = type_name(vv)
 
             if tt=='instance':
                 typelist.append( abbrevs.get(str(vv.__class__),
                                              str(vv.__class__)))
             else:
                 typelist.append(tt)
 
         # column labels and # of spaces as separator
         varlabel = 'Variable'
         typelabel = 'Type'
         datalabel = 'Data/Info'
         colsep = 3
         # variable format strings
         vformat    = "$vname.ljust(varwidth)$vtype.ljust(typewidth)"
         vfmt_short = '$vstr[:25]<...>$vstr[-25:]'
         aformat    = "%s: %s elems, type `%s`, %s bytes"
         # find the size of the columns to format the output nicely
         varwidth = max(max(map(len,varnames)), len(varlabel)) + colsep
         typewidth = max(max(map(len,typelist)), len(typelabel)) + colsep
         # table header
         print varlabel.ljust(varwidth) + typelabel.ljust(typewidth) + \
               ' '+datalabel+'\n' + '-'*(varwidth+typewidth+len(datalabel)+1)
         # and the table itself
         kb = 1024
         Mb = 1048576  # kb**2
         for vname,var,vtype in zip(varnames,varlist,typelist):
             print itpl(vformat),
             if vtype in seq_types:
                 print len(var)
             elif vtype in [array_type,ndarray_type]:
                 vshape = str(var.shape).replace(',','').replace(' ','x')[1:-1]
                 if vtype==ndarray_type:
                     # numpy
                     vsize  = var.size
                     vbytes = vsize*var.itemsize
                     vdtype = var.dtype
                 else:
                     # Numeric
                     vsize  = Numeric.size(var)
                     vbytes = vsize*var.itemsize()
                     vdtype = var.typecode()
                     
                 if vbytes < 100000:
                     print aformat % (vshape,vsize,vdtype,vbytes)
                 else:
                     print aformat % (vshape,vsize,vdtype,vbytes),
                     if vbytes < Mb:
                         print '(%s kb)' % (vbytes/kb,)
                     else:
                         print '(%s Mb)' % (vbytes/Mb,)
             else:
                 try:
                     vstr = str(var)
                 except UnicodeEncodeError:
                     vstr = unicode(var).encode(sys.getdefaultencoding(),
                                                'backslashreplace')
                 vstr = vstr.replace('\n','\\n')
                 if len(vstr) < 50:
                     print vstr
                 else:
                     printpl(vfmt_short)
                 
     def magic_reset(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Resets the namespace by removing all names defined by the user.
 
         Input/Output history are left around in case you need them."""
 
         ans = self.shell.ask_yes_no(
           "Once deleted, variables cannot be recovered. Proceed (y/[n])? ")
         if not ans:
             print 'Nothing done.'
             return
         user_ns = self.shell.user_ns
         for i in self.magic_who_ls():
             del(user_ns[i])
             
         # Also flush the private list of module references kept for script
         # execution protection
         self.shell._user_main_modules[:] = []
 
     def magic_logstart(self,parameter_s=''):
         """Start logging anywhere in a session.
 
         %logstart [-o|-r|-t] [log_name [log_mode]]
 
         If no name is given, it defaults to a file named 'ipython_log.py' in your
         current directory, in 'rotate' mode (see below).
 
         '%logstart name' saves to file 'name' in 'backup' mode.  It saves your
         history up to that point and then continues logging.
 
         %logstart takes a second optional parameter: logging mode. This can be one
         of (note that the modes are given unquoted):\\
           append: well, that says it.\\
           backup: rename (if exists) to name~ and start name.\\
           global: single logfile in your home dir, appended to.\\
           over  : overwrite existing log.\\
           rotate: create rotating logs name.1~, name.2~, etc.
 
         Options:
 
           -o: log also IPython's output.  In this mode, all commands which
           generate an Out[NN] prompt are recorded to the logfile, right after
           their corresponding input line.  The output lines are always
           prepended with a '#[Out]# ' marker, so that the log remains valid
           Python code.
 
           Since this marker is always the same, filtering only the output from
           a log is very easy, using for example a simple awk call:
 
             awk -F'#\\[Out\\]# ' '{if($2) {print $2}}' ipython_log.py
 
           -r: log 'raw' input.  Normally, IPython's logs contain the processed
           input, so that user lines are logged in their final form, converted
           into valid Python.  For example, %Exit is logged as
           '_ip.magic("Exit").  If the -r flag is given, all input is logged
           exactly as typed, with no transformations applied.
 
           -t: put timestamps before each input line logged (these are put in
           comments)."""
         
         opts,par = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'ort')
         log_output = 'o' in opts
         log_raw_input = 'r' in opts
         timestamp = 't' in opts
 
         rc = self.shell.rc
         logger = self.shell.logger
 
         # if no args are given, the defaults set in the logger constructor by
         # ipytohn remain valid
         if par:
             try:
                 logfname,logmode = par.split()
             except:
                 logfname = par
                 logmode = 'backup'
         else:
             logfname = logger.logfname
             logmode = logger.logmode
         # put logfname into rc struct as if it had been called on the command
         # line, so it ends up saved in the log header Save it in case we need
         # to restore it...
         old_logfile = rc.opts.get('logfile','')  
         if logfname:
             logfname = os.path.expanduser(logfname)
         rc.opts.logfile = logfname
         loghead = self.shell.loghead_tpl % (rc.opts,rc.args)
         try:
             started  = logger.logstart(logfname,loghead,logmode,
                                        log_output,timestamp,log_raw_input)
         except:
             rc.opts.logfile = old_logfile
             warn("Couldn't start log: %s" % sys.exc_info()[1])
         else:
             # log input history up to this point, optionally interleaving
             # output if requested
 
             if timestamp:
                 # disable timestamping for the previous history, since we've
                 # lost those already (no time machine here).
                 logger.timestamp = False
 
             if log_raw_input:
                 input_hist = self.shell.input_hist_raw
             else:
                 input_hist = self.shell.input_hist
                 
             if log_output:
                 log_write = logger.log_write
                 output_hist = self.shell.output_hist
                 for n in range(1,len(input_hist)-1):
                     log_write(input_hist[n].rstrip())
                     if n in output_hist:
                         log_write(repr(output_hist[n]),'output')
             else:
                 logger.log_write(input_hist[1:])
             if timestamp:
                 # re-enable timestamping
                 logger.timestamp = True
                 
             print ('Activating auto-logging. '
                    'Current session state plus future input saved.')
             logger.logstate()
 
     def magic_logstop(self,parameter_s=''):
         """Fully stop logging and close log file.
 
         In order to start logging again, a new %logstart call needs to be made,
         possibly (though not necessarily) with a new filename, mode and other
         options."""
         self.logger.logstop()
 
     def magic_logoff(self,parameter_s=''):
         """Temporarily stop logging.
 
         You must have previously started logging."""
         self.shell.logger.switch_log(0)
         
     def magic_logon(self,parameter_s=''):
         """Restart logging.
 
         This function is for restarting logging which you've temporarily
         stopped with %logoff. For starting logging for the first time, you
         must use the %logstart function, which allows you to specify an
         optional log filename."""
         
         self.shell.logger.switch_log(1)
     
     def magic_logstate(self,parameter_s=''):
         """Print the status of the logging system."""
 
         self.shell.logger.logstate()
         
     def magic_pdb(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Control the automatic calling of the pdb interactive debugger.
 
         Call as '%pdb on', '%pdb 1', '%pdb off' or '%pdb 0'. If called without
         argument it works as a toggle.
 
         When an exception is triggered, IPython can optionally call the
         interactive pdb debugger after the traceback printout. %pdb toggles
         this feature on and off.
 
         The initial state of this feature is set in your ipythonrc
         configuration file (the variable is called 'pdb').
 
         If you want to just activate the debugger AFTER an exception has fired,
         without having to type '%pdb on' and rerunning your code, you can use
         the %debug magic."""
 
         par = parameter_s.strip().lower()
 
         if par:
             try:
                 new_pdb = {'off':0,'0':0,'on':1,'1':1}[par]
             except KeyError:
                 print ('Incorrect argument. Use on/1, off/0, '
                        'or nothing for a toggle.')
                 return
         else:
             # toggle
             new_pdb = not self.shell.call_pdb
 
         # set on the shell
         self.shell.call_pdb = new_pdb
         print 'Automatic pdb calling has been turned',on_off(new_pdb)
 
     def magic_debug(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Activate the interactive debugger in post-mortem mode.
 
         If an exception has just occurred, this lets you inspect its stack
         frames interactively.  Note that this will always work only on the last
         traceback that occurred, so you must call this quickly after an
         exception that you wish to inspect has fired, because if another one
         occurs, it clobbers the previous one.
 
         If you want IPython to automatically do this on every exception, see
         the %pdb magic for more details.
         """
         
         self.shell.debugger(force=True)
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_prun(self, parameter_s ='',user_mode=1,
                    opts=None,arg_lst=None,prog_ns=None):
 
         """Run a statement through the python code profiler.
 
         Usage:
           %prun [options] statement
 
         The given statement (which doesn't require quote marks) is run via the
         python profiler in a manner similar to the profile.run() function.
         Namespaces are internally managed to work correctly; profile.run
         cannot be used in IPython because it makes certain assumptions about
         namespaces which do not hold under IPython.
 
         Options:
 
         -l <limit>: you can place restrictions on what or how much of the
         profile gets printed. The limit value can be:
 
           * A string: only information for function names containing this string
           is printed.
 
           * An integer: only these many lines are printed.
 
           * A float (between 0 and 1): this fraction of the report is printed
           (for example, use a limit of 0.4 to see the topmost 40% only).
 
         You can combine several limits with repeated use of the option. For
         example, '-l __init__ -l 5' will print only the topmost 5 lines of
         information about class constructors.
 
         -r: return the pstats.Stats object generated by the profiling. This
         object has all the information about the profile in it, and you can
         later use it for further analysis or in other functions.
 
        -s <key>: sort profile by given key. You can provide more than one key
         by using the option several times: '-s key1 -s key2 -s key3...'. The
         default sorting key is 'time'.
 
         The following is copied verbatim from the profile documentation
         referenced below:
 
         When more than one key is provided, additional keys are used as
         secondary criteria when the there is equality in all keys selected
         before them.
         
         Abbreviations can be used for any key names, as long as the
         abbreviation is unambiguous.  The following are the keys currently
         defined:
 
                 Valid Arg       Meaning
                   "calls"      call count
                   "cumulative" cumulative time
                   "file"       file name
                   "module"     file name
                   "pcalls"     primitive call count
                   "line"       line number
                   "name"       function name
                   "nfl"        name/file/line
                   "stdname"    standard name
                   "time"       internal time
 
         Note that all sorts on statistics are in descending order (placing
         most time consuming items first), where as name, file, and line number
         searches are in ascending order (i.e., alphabetical). The subtle
         distinction between "nfl" and "stdname" is that the standard name is a
         sort of the name as printed, which means that the embedded line
         numbers get compared in an odd way.  For example, lines 3, 20, and 40
         would (if the file names were the same) appear in the string order
         "20" "3" and "40".  In contrast, "nfl" does a numeric compare of the
         line numbers.  In fact, sort_stats("nfl") is the same as
         sort_stats("name", "file", "line").
 
         -T <filename>: save profile results as shown on screen to a text
         file. The profile is still shown on screen.
 
         -D <filename>: save (via dump_stats) profile statistics to given
         filename. This data is in a format understod by the pstats module, and
         is generated by a call to the dump_stats() method of profile
         objects. The profile is still shown on screen.
 
         If you want to run complete programs under the profiler's control, use
         '%run -p [prof_opts] filename.py [args to program]' where prof_opts
         contains profiler specific options as described here.
         
         You can read the complete documentation for the profile module with::
         
           In [1]: import profile; profile.help()
         """
 
         opts_def = Struct(D=[''],l=[],s=['time'],T=[''])
         # protect user quote marks
         parameter_s = parameter_s.replace('"',r'\"').replace("'",r"\'")
         
         if user_mode:  # regular user call
             opts,arg_str = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'D:l:rs:T:',
                                               list_all=1)
             namespace = self.shell.user_ns
         else:  # called to run a program by %run -p
             try:
                 filename = get_py_filename(arg_lst[0])
             except IOError,msg:
                 error(msg)
                 return
 
             arg_str = 'execfile(filename,prog_ns)'
             namespace = locals()
 
         opts.merge(opts_def)
         
         prof = profile.Profile()
         try:
             prof = prof.runctx(arg_str,namespace,namespace)
             sys_exit = ''
         except SystemExit:
             sys_exit = """*** SystemExit exception caught in code being profiled."""
 
         stats = pstats.Stats(prof).strip_dirs().sort_stats(*opts.s)
 
         lims = opts.l
         if lims:
             lims = []  # rebuild lims with ints/floats/strings
             for lim in opts.l:
                 try:
                     lims.append(int(lim))
                 except ValueError:
                     try:
                         lims.append(float(lim))
                     except ValueError:
                         lims.append(lim)
                     
         # Trap output.
         stdout_trap = StringIO()
 
         if hasattr(stats,'stream'):
             # In newer versions of python, the stats object has a 'stream'
             # attribute to write into.
             stats.stream = stdout_trap
             stats.print_stats(*lims)
         else:
             # For older versions, we manually redirect stdout during printing
             sys_stdout = sys.stdout
             try:
                 sys.stdout = stdout_trap
                 stats.print_stats(*lims)
             finally:
                 sys.stdout = sys_stdout
                 
         output = stdout_trap.getvalue()
         output = output.rstrip()
 
         page(output,screen_lines=self.shell.rc.screen_length)
         print sys_exit,
 
         dump_file = opts.D[0]
         text_file = opts.T[0]
         if dump_file:
             prof.dump_stats(dump_file)
             print '\n*** Profile stats marshalled to file',\
                   `dump_file`+'.',sys_exit
         if text_file:
             pfile = file(text_file,'w')
             pfile.write(output)
             pfile.close()
             print '\n*** Profile printout saved to text file',\
                   `text_file`+'.',sys_exit
 
         if opts.has_key('r'):
             return stats
         else:
             return None
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_run(self, parameter_s ='',runner=None):
         """Run the named file inside IPython as a program.
 
         Usage:\\
           %run [-n -i -t [-N<N>] -d [-b<N>] -p [profile options]] file [args]
         
         Parameters after the filename are passed as command-line arguments to
         the program (put in sys.argv). Then, control returns to IPython's
         prompt.
 
         This is similar to running at a system prompt:\\
           $ python file args\\
         but with the advantage of giving you IPython's tracebacks, and of
         loading all variables into your interactive namespace for further use
         (unless -p is used, see below).
 
         The file is executed in a namespace initially consisting only of
         __name__=='__main__' and sys.argv constructed as indicated. It thus
         sees its environment as if it were being run as a stand-alone program
         (except for sharing global objects such as previously imported
         modules). But after execution, the IPython interactive namespace gets
         updated with all variables defined in the program (except for __name__
         and sys.argv). This allows for very convenient loading of code for
         interactive work, while giving each program a 'clean sheet' to run in.
 
         Options:
         
         -n: __name__ is NOT set to '__main__', but to the running file's name
         without extension (as python does under import).  This allows running
         scripts and reloading the definitions in them without calling code
         protected by an ' if __name__ == "__main__" ' clause.
 
         -i: run the file in IPython's namespace instead of an empty one. This
         is useful if you are experimenting with code written in a text editor
         which depends on variables defined interactively.
 
         -e: ignore sys.exit() calls or SystemExit exceptions in the script
         being run.  This is particularly useful if IPython is being used to
         run unittests, which always exit with a sys.exit() call.  In such
         cases you are interested in the output of the test results, not in
         seeing a traceback of the unittest module.
 
         -t: print timing information at the end of the run.  IPython will give
         you an estimated CPU time consumption for your script, which under
         Unix uses the resource module to avoid the wraparound problems of
         time.clock().  Under Unix, an estimate of time spent on system tasks
         is also given (for Windows platforms this is reported as 0.0).
 
         If -t is given, an additional -N<N> option can be given, where <N>
         must be an integer indicating how many times you want the script to
         run.  The final timing report will include total and per run results.
 
         For example (testing the script uniq_stable.py):
 
             In [1]: run -t uniq_stable
 
             IPython CPU timings (estimated):\\
               User  :    0.19597 s.\\
               System:        0.0 s.\\
 
             In [2]: run -t -N5 uniq_stable
 
             IPython CPU timings (estimated):\\
             Total runs performed: 5\\
               Times :      Total       Per run\\
               User  :   0.910862 s,  0.1821724 s.\\
               System:        0.0 s,        0.0 s.
 
         -d: run your program under the control of pdb, the Python debugger.
         This allows you to execute your program step by step, watch variables,
         etc.  Internally, what IPython does is similar to calling:
         
           pdb.run('execfile("YOURFILENAME")')
 
         with a breakpoint set on line 1 of your file.  You can change the line
         number for this automatic breakpoint to be <N> by using the -bN option
         (where N must be an integer).  For example:
 
           %run -d -b40 myscript
 
         will set the first breakpoint at line 40 in myscript.py.  Note that
         the first breakpoint must be set on a line which actually does
         something (not a comment or docstring) for it to stop execution.
 
         When the pdb debugger starts, you will see a (Pdb) prompt.  You must
         first enter 'c' (without qoutes) to start execution up to the first
         breakpoint.
 
         Entering 'help' gives information about the use of the debugger.  You
         can easily see pdb's full documentation with "import pdb;pdb.help()"
         at a prompt.
 
         -p: run program under the control of the Python profiler module (which
         prints a detailed report of execution times, function calls, etc).
 
         You can pass other options after -p which affect the behavior of the
         profiler itself. See the docs for %prun for details.
 
         In this mode, the program's variables do NOT propagate back to the
         IPython interactive namespace (because they remain in the namespace
         where the profiler executes them).
 
         Internally this triggers a call to %prun, see its documentation for
         details on the options available specifically for profiling.
 
         There is one special usage for which the text above doesn't apply:
         if the filename ends with .ipy, the file is run as ipython script,
         just as if the commands were written on IPython prompt.
         """
 
         # get arguments and set sys.argv for program to be run.
         opts,arg_lst = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'nidtN:b:pD:l:rs:T:e',
                                           mode='list',list_all=1)
 
         try:
             filename = get_py_filename(arg_lst[0])
         except IndexError:
             warn('you must provide at least a filename.')
             print '\n%run:\n',OInspect.getdoc(self.magic_run)
             return
         except IOError,msg:
             error(msg)
             return
 
         if filename.lower().endswith('.ipy'):
             self.api.runlines(open(filename).read())
             return
         
         # Control the response to exit() calls made by the script being run
         exit_ignore = opts.has_key('e')
         
         # Make sure that the running script gets a proper sys.argv as if it
         # were run from a system shell.
         save_argv = sys.argv # save it for later restoring
         sys.argv = [filename]+ arg_lst[1:]  # put in the proper filename
 
         if opts.has_key('i'):
             # Run in user's interactive namespace
             prog_ns = self.shell.user_ns
             __name__save = self.shell.user_ns['__name__']
             prog_ns['__name__'] = '__main__'
             main_mod = FakeModule(prog_ns)
         else:
             # Run in a fresh, empty namespace
             if opts.has_key('n'):
                 name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(filename))[0]
             else:
                 name = '__main__'
             main_mod = FakeModule()
             prog_ns = main_mod.__dict__
             prog_ns['__name__'] = name
             # The shell MUST hold a reference to main_mod so after %run exits,
             # the python deletion mechanism doesn't zero it out (leaving
             # dangling references)
             self.shell._user_main_modules.append(main_mod)
 
         # Since '%run foo' emulates 'python foo.py' at the cmd line, we must
         # set the __file__ global in the script's namespace
         prog_ns['__file__'] = filename
 
         # pickle fix.  See iplib for an explanation.  But we need to make sure
         # that, if we overwrite __main__, we replace it at the end
         main_mod_name = prog_ns['__name__']
 
         if main_mod_name == '__main__':
             restore_main = sys.modules['__main__']
         else:
             restore_main = False
 
         # This needs to be undone at the end to prevent holding references to
         # every single object ever created.
         sys.modules[main_mod_name] = main_mod
         
         stats = None
         try:
             self.shell.savehist()
 
             if opts.has_key('p'):
                 stats = self.magic_prun('',0,opts,arg_lst,prog_ns)
             else:
                 if opts.has_key('d'):
                     deb = Debugger.Pdb(self.shell.rc.colors)
                     # reset Breakpoint state, which is moronically kept
                     # in a class
                     bdb.Breakpoint.next = 1
                     bdb.Breakpoint.bplist = {}
                     bdb.Breakpoint.bpbynumber = [None]
                     # Set an initial breakpoint to stop execution
                     maxtries = 10
                     bp = int(opts.get('b',[1])[0])
                     checkline = deb.checkline(filename,bp)
                     if not checkline:
                         for bp in range(bp+1,bp+maxtries+1):
                             if deb.checkline(filename,bp):
                                 break
                         else:
                             msg = ("\nI failed to find a valid line to set "
                                    "a breakpoint\n"
                                    "after trying up to line: %s.\n"
                                    "Please set a valid breakpoint manually "
                                    "with the -b option." % bp)
                             error(msg)
                             return
                     # if we find a good linenumber, set the breakpoint
                     deb.do_break('%s:%s' % (filename,bp))
                     # Start file run
                     print "NOTE: Enter 'c' at the",
                     print "%s prompt to start your script." % deb.prompt
                     try:
                         deb.run('execfile("%s")' % filename,prog_ns)
                         
                     except:
                         etype, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
                         # Skip three frames in the traceback: the %run one,
                         # one inside bdb.py, and the command-line typed by the
                         # user (run by exec in pdb itself).
                         self.shell.InteractiveTB(etype,value,tb,tb_offset=3)
                 else:
                     if runner is None:
                         runner = self.shell.safe_execfile
                     if opts.has_key('t'):
                         # timed execution
                         try:
                             nruns = int(opts['N'][0])
                             if nruns < 1:
                                 error('Number of runs must be >=1')
                                 return
                         except (KeyError):
                             nruns = 1
                         if nruns == 1:
                             t0 = clock2()
                             runner(filename,prog_ns,prog_ns,
                                    exit_ignore=exit_ignore)
                             t1 = clock2()
                             t_usr = t1[0]-t0[0]
                             t_sys = t1[1]-t1[1]
                             print "\nIPython CPU timings (estimated):"
                             print "  User  : %10s s." % t_usr
                             print "  System: %10s s." % t_sys
                         else:
                             runs = range(nruns)
                             t0 = clock2()
                             for nr in runs:
                                 runner(filename,prog_ns,prog_ns,
                                        exit_ignore=exit_ignore)
                             t1 = clock2()
                             t_usr = t1[0]-t0[0]
                             t_sys = t1[1]-t1[1]
                             print "\nIPython CPU timings (estimated):"
                             print "Total runs performed:",nruns
                             print "  Times : %10s    %10s" % ('Total','Per run')
                             print "  User  : %10s s, %10s s." % (t_usr,t_usr/nruns)
                             print "  System: %10s s, %10s s." % (t_sys,t_sys/nruns)
                             
                     else:
                         # regular execution
                         runner(filename,prog_ns,prog_ns,exit_ignore=exit_ignore)
                 if opts.has_key('i'):
                     self.shell.user_ns['__name__'] = __name__save
                 else:
                     # update IPython interactive namespace
                     del prog_ns['__name__']
                     self.shell.user_ns.update(prog_ns)
         finally:
             # Ensure key global structures are restored
             sys.argv = save_argv
             if restore_main:
                 sys.modules['__main__'] = restore_main
             else:
                 # Remove from sys.modules the reference to main_mod we'd
                 # added.  Otherwise it will trap references to objects
                 # contained therein.
                 del sys.modules[main_mod_name]
             self.shell.reloadhist()
                 
         return stats
 
     def magic_runlog(self, parameter_s =''):
         """Run files as logs.
 
         Usage:\\
           %runlog file1 file2 ...
 
         Run the named files (treating them as log files) in sequence inside
         the interpreter, and return to the prompt.  This is much slower than
         %run because each line is executed in a try/except block, but it
         allows running files with syntax errors in them.
 
         Normally IPython will guess when a file is one of its own logfiles, so
         you can typically use %run even for logs. This shorthand allows you to
         force any file to be treated as a log file."""
 
         for f in parameter_s.split():
             self.shell.safe_execfile(f,self.shell.user_ns,
                                      self.shell.user_ns,islog=1)
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_timeit(self, parameter_s =''):
         """Time execution of a Python statement or expression
 
         Usage:\\
           %timeit [-n<N> -r<R> [-t|-c]] statement
 
         Time execution of a Python statement or expression using the timeit
         module.
 
         Options:
         -n<N>: execute the given statement <N> times in a loop. If this value
         is not given, a fitting value is chosen. 
         
         -r<R>: repeat the loop iteration <R> times and take the best result.
         Default: 3
         
         -t: use time.time to measure the time, which is the default on Unix.
         This function measures wall time.
         
         -c: use time.clock to measure the time, which is the default on
         Windows and measures wall time. On Unix, resource.getrusage is used
         instead and returns the CPU user time.
 
         -p<P>: use a precision of <P> digits to display the timing result.
         Default: 3
 
         
         Examples:
 
           In [1]: %timeit pass
           10000000 loops, best of 3: 53.3 ns per loop
 
           In [2]: u = None
 
           In [3]: %timeit u is None
           10000000 loops, best of 3: 184 ns per loop
 
           In [4]: %timeit -r 4 u == None
           1000000 loops, best of 4: 242 ns per loop
 
           In [5]: import time
 
           In [6]: %timeit -n1 time.sleep(2)
           1 loops, best of 3: 2 s per loop
           
 
         The times reported by %timeit will be slightly higher than those
         reported by the timeit.py script when variables are accessed. This is
         due to the fact that %timeit executes the statement in the namespace
         of the shell, compared with timeit.py, which uses a single setup
         statement to import function or create variables. Generally, the bias
         does not matter as long as results from timeit.py are not mixed with
         those from %timeit."""
 
         import timeit
         import math
 
         units = [u"s", u"ms", u"\xb5s", u"ns"]
         scaling = [1, 1e3, 1e6, 1e9]
 
         opts, stmt = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'n:r:tcp:',
                                         posix=False)
         if stmt == "":
             return
         timefunc = timeit.default_timer
         number = int(getattr(opts, "n", 0))
         repeat = int(getattr(opts, "r", timeit.default_repeat))
         precision = int(getattr(opts, "p", 3))
         if hasattr(opts, "t"):
             timefunc = time.time
         if hasattr(opts, "c"):
             timefunc = clock
 
         timer = timeit.Timer(timer=timefunc)
         # this code has tight coupling to the inner workings of timeit.Timer,
         # but is there a better way to achieve that the code stmt has access
         # to the shell namespace?
 
         src = timeit.template % {'stmt': timeit.reindent(stmt, 8),
                                  'setup': "pass"}
         # Track compilation time so it can be reported if too long
         # Minimum time above which compilation time will be reported
         tc_min = 0.1
         
         t0 = clock()
         code = compile(src, "<magic-timeit>", "exec")
         tc = clock()-t0
         
         ns = {}
         exec code in self.shell.user_ns, ns
         timer.inner = ns["inner"]
         
         if number == 0:
             # determine number so that 0.2 <= total time < 2.0
             number = 1
             for i in range(1, 10):
                 number *= 10
                 if timer.timeit(number) >= 0.2:
                     break
         
         best = min(timer.repeat(repeat, number)) / number
 
         if best > 0.0:
             order = min(-int(math.floor(math.log10(best)) // 3), 3)
         else:
             order = 3
         print u"%d loops, best of %d: %.*g %s per loop" % (number, repeat,
                                                           precision,
                                                           best * scaling[order],
                                                           units[order])
         if tc > tc_min:
             print "Compiler time: %.2f s" % tc
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_time(self,parameter_s = ''):
         """Time execution of a Python statement or expression.
 
         The CPU and wall clock times are printed, and the value of the
         expression (if any) is returned.  Note that under Win32, system time
         is always reported as 0, since it can not be measured.
 
         This function provides very basic timing functionality.  In Python
         2.3, the timeit module offers more control and sophistication, so this
         could be rewritten to use it (patches welcome).
         
         Some examples:
 
           In [1]: time 2**128
           CPU times: user 0.00 s, sys: 0.00 s, total: 0.00 s
           Wall time: 0.00
           Out[1]: 340282366920938463463374607431768211456L
 
           In [2]: n = 1000000
 
           In [3]: time sum(range(n))
           CPU times: user 1.20 s, sys: 0.05 s, total: 1.25 s
           Wall time: 1.37
           Out[3]: 499999500000L
 
           In [4]: time print 'hello world'
           hello world
           CPU times: user 0.00 s, sys: 0.00 s, total: 0.00 s
           Wall time: 0.00
 
           Note that the time needed by Python to compile the given expression
           will be reported if it is more than 0.1s.  In this example, the
           actual exponentiation is done by Python at compilation time, so while
           the expression can take a noticeable amount of time to compute, that
           time is purely due to the compilation:
 
           In [5]: time 3**9999;
           CPU times: user 0.00 s, sys: 0.00 s, total: 0.00 s
           Wall time: 0.00 s
 
           In [6]: time 3**999999;
           CPU times: user 0.00 s, sys: 0.00 s, total: 0.00 s
           Wall time: 0.00 s
           Compiler : 0.78 s
           """
         
         # fail immediately if the given expression can't be compiled
         
         expr = self.shell.prefilter(parameter_s,False)
 
         # Minimum time above which compilation time will be reported
         tc_min = 0.1
         
         try:
             mode = 'eval'
             t0 = clock()
             code = compile(expr,'<timed eval>',mode)
             tc = clock()-t0
         except SyntaxError:
             mode = 'exec'
             t0 = clock()
             code = compile(expr,'<timed exec>',mode)
             tc = clock()-t0
         # skew measurement as little as possible
         glob = self.shell.user_ns
         clk = clock2
         wtime = time.time
         # time execution
         wall_st = wtime()
         if mode=='eval':
             st = clk()
             out = eval(code,glob)
             end = clk()
         else:
             st = clk()
             exec code in glob
             end = clk()
             out = None
         wall_end = wtime()
         # Compute actual times and report
         wall_time = wall_end-wall_st
         cpu_user = end[0]-st[0]
         cpu_sys = end[1]-st[1]
         cpu_tot = cpu_user+cpu_sys
         print "CPU times: user %.2f s, sys: %.2f s, total: %.2f s" % \
               (cpu_user,cpu_sys,cpu_tot)
         print "Wall time: %.2f s" % wall_time
         if tc > tc_min:
             print "Compiler : %.2f s" % tc
         return out
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_macro(self,parameter_s = ''):
         """Define a set of input lines as a macro for future re-execution.
 
         Usage:\\
           %macro [options] name n1-n2 n3-n4 ... n5 .. n6 ...
 
         Options:
         
           -r: use 'raw' input.  By default, the 'processed' history is used,
           so that magics are loaded in their transformed version to valid
           Python.  If this option is given, the raw input as typed as the
           command line is used instead.
 
         This will define a global variable called `name` which is a string
         made of joining the slices and lines you specify (n1,n2,... numbers
         above) from your input history into a single string. This variable
         acts like an automatic function which re-executes those lines as if
         you had typed them. You just type 'name' at the prompt and the code
         executes.
 
         The notation for indicating number ranges is: n1-n2 means 'use line
         numbers n1,...n2' (the endpoint is included).  That is, '5-7' means
         using the lines numbered 5,6 and 7.
 
         Note: as a 'hidden' feature, you can also use traditional python slice
         notation, where N:M means numbers N through M-1.
 
         For example, if your history contains (%hist prints it):
         
           44: x=1
           45: y=3
           46: z=x+y
           47: print x
           48: a=5
           49: print 'x',x,'y',y
 
         you can create a macro with lines 44 through 47 (included) and line 49
         called my_macro with:
 
           In [55]: %macro my_macro 44-47 49
 
         Now, typing `my_macro` (without quotes) will re-execute all this code
         in one pass.
 
         You don't need to give the line-numbers in order, and any given line
         number can appear multiple times. You can assemble macros with any
         lines from your input history in any order.
 
         The macro is a simple object which holds its value in an attribute,
         but IPython's display system checks for macros and executes them as
         code instead of printing them when you type their name.
 
         You can view a macro's contents by explicitly printing it with:
         
           'print macro_name'.
 
         For one-off cases which DON'T contain magic function calls in them you
         can obtain similar results by explicitly executing slices from your
         input history with:
 
           In [60]: exec In[44:48]+In[49]"""
 
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'r',mode='list')
         if not args:
             macs = [k for k,v in self.shell.user_ns.items() if isinstance(v, Macro)]
             macs.sort()
             return macs
         if len(args) == 1:
             raise UsageError(
                 "%macro insufficient args; usage '%macro name n1-n2 n3-4...")
         name,ranges = args[0], args[1:]
         
         #print 'rng',ranges  # dbg
         lines = self.extract_input_slices(ranges,opts.has_key('r'))
         macro = Macro(lines)
         self.shell.user_ns.update({name:macro})
         print 'Macro `%s` created. To execute, type its name (without quotes).' % name
         print 'Macro contents:'
         print macro,
 
     def magic_save(self,parameter_s = ''):
         """Save a set of lines to a given filename.
 
         Usage:\\
           %save [options] filename n1-n2 n3-n4 ... n5 .. n6 ...
 
         Options:
         
           -r: use 'raw' input.  By default, the 'processed' history is used,
           so that magics are loaded in their transformed version to valid
           Python.  If this option is given, the raw input as typed as the
           command line is used instead.
 
         This function uses the same syntax as %macro for line extraction, but
         instead of creating a macro it saves the resulting string to the
         filename you specify.
 
         It adds a '.py' extension to the file if you don't do so yourself, and
         it asks for confirmation before overwriting existing files."""
 
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'r',mode='list')
         fname,ranges = args[0], args[1:]
         if not fname.endswith('.py'):
             fname += '.py'
         if os.path.isfile(fname):
             ans = raw_input('File `%s` exists. Overwrite (y/[N])? ' % fname)
             if ans.lower() not in ['y','yes']:
                 print 'Operation cancelled.'
                 return
         cmds = ''.join(self.extract_input_slices(ranges,opts.has_key('r')))
         f = file(fname,'w')
         f.write(cmds)
         f.close()
         print 'The following commands were written to file `%s`:' % fname
         print cmds
 
     def _edit_macro(self,mname,macro):
         """open an editor with the macro data in a file"""
         filename = self.shell.mktempfile(macro.value)
         self.shell.hooks.editor(filename)
 
         # and make a new macro object, to replace the old one
         mfile = open(filename)
         mvalue = mfile.read()
         mfile.close()
         self.shell.user_ns[mname] = Macro(mvalue)
 
     def magic_ed(self,parameter_s=''):
         """Alias to %edit."""
         return self.magic_edit(parameter_s)
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_edit(self,parameter_s='',last_call=['','']):
         """Bring up an editor and execute the resulting code.
 
         Usage:
           %edit [options] [args]
 
         %edit runs IPython's editor hook.  The default version of this hook is
         set to call the __IPYTHON__.rc.editor command.  This is read from your
         environment variable $EDITOR.  If this isn't found, it will default to
         vi under Linux/Unix and to notepad under Windows.  See the end of this
         docstring for how to change the editor hook.
 
         You can also set the value of this editor via the command line option
         '-editor' or in your ipythonrc file. This is useful if you wish to use
         specifically for IPython an editor different from your typical default
         (and for Windows users who typically don't set environment variables).
 
         This command allows you to conveniently edit multi-line code right in
         your IPython session.
         
         If called without arguments, %edit opens up an empty editor with a
         temporary file and will execute the contents of this file when you
         close it (don't forget to save it!).
 
 
         Options:
 
         -n <number>: open the editor at a specified line number.  By default,
         the IPython editor hook uses the unix syntax 'editor +N filename', but
         you can configure this by providing your own modified hook if your
         favorite editor supports line-number specifications with a different
         syntax.
         
         -p: this will call the editor with the same data as the previous time
         it was used, regardless of how long ago (in your current session) it
         was.
 
         -r: use 'raw' input.  This option only applies to input taken from the
         user's history.  By default, the 'processed' history is used, so that
         magics are loaded in their transformed version to valid Python.  If
         this option is given, the raw input as typed as the command line is
         used instead.  When you exit the editor, it will be executed by
         IPython's own processor.
         
         -x: do not execute the edited code immediately upon exit. This is
         mainly useful if you are editing programs which need to be called with
         command line arguments, which you can then do using %run.
 
 
         Arguments:
 
         If arguments are given, the following possibilites exist:
 
         - The arguments are numbers or pairs of colon-separated numbers (like
         1 4:8 9). These are interpreted as lines of previous input to be
         loaded into the editor. The syntax is the same of the %macro command.
 
         - If the argument doesn't start with a number, it is evaluated as a
         variable and its contents loaded into the editor. You can thus edit
         any string which contains python code (including the result of
         previous edits).
 
         - If the argument is the name of an object (other than a string),
         IPython will try to locate the file where it was defined and open the
         editor at the point where it is defined. You can use `%edit function`
         to load an editor exactly at the point where 'function' is defined,
         edit it and have the file be executed automatically.
 
         If the object is a macro (see %macro for details), this opens up your
         specified editor with a temporary file containing the macro's data.
         Upon exit, the macro is reloaded with the contents of the file.
 
         Note: opening at an exact line is only supported under Unix, and some
         editors (like kedit and gedit up to Gnome 2.8) do not understand the
         '+NUMBER' parameter necessary for this feature. Good editors like
         (X)Emacs, vi, jed, pico and joe all do.
 
         - If the argument is not found as a variable, IPython will look for a
         file with that name (adding .py if necessary) and load it into the
         editor. It will execute its contents with execfile() when you exit,
         loading any code in the file into your interactive namespace.
 
         After executing your code, %edit will return as output the code you
         typed in the editor (except when it was an existing file). This way
         you can reload the code in further invocations of %edit as a variable,
         via _<NUMBER> or Out[<NUMBER>], where <NUMBER> is the prompt number of
         the output.
 
         Note that %edit is also available through the alias %ed.
 
         This is an example of creating a simple function inside the editor and
         then modifying it. First, start up the editor:
 
         In [1]: ed
         Editing... done. Executing edited code...
         Out[1]: 'def foo():n    print "foo() was defined in an editing session"n'
 
         We can then call the function foo():
         
         In [2]: foo()
         foo() was defined in an editing session
 
         Now we edit foo.  IPython automatically loads the editor with the
         (temporary) file where foo() was previously defined:
         
         In [3]: ed foo
         Editing... done. Executing edited code...
 
         And if we call foo() again we get the modified version:
         
         In [4]: foo()
         foo() has now been changed!
 
         Here is an example of how to edit a code snippet successive
         times. First we call the editor:
 
         In [5]: ed
         Editing... done. Executing edited code...
         hello
         Out[5]: "print 'hello'n"
 
         Now we call it again with the previous output (stored in _):
 
         In [6]: ed _
         Editing... done. Executing edited code...
         hello world
         Out[6]: "print 'hello world'n"
 
         Now we call it with the output #8 (stored in _8, also as Out[8]):
 
         In [7]: ed _8
         Editing... done. Executing edited code...
         hello again
         Out[7]: "print 'hello again'n"
 
 
         Changing the default editor hook:
 
         If you wish to write your own editor hook, you can put it in a
         configuration file which you load at startup time.  The default hook
         is defined in the IPython.hooks module, and you can use that as a
         starting example for further modifications.  That file also has
         general instructions on how to set a new hook for use once you've
         defined it."""
         
         # FIXME: This function has become a convoluted mess.  It needs a
         # ground-up rewrite with clean, simple logic.
 
         def make_filename(arg):
             "Make a filename from the given args"
             try:
                 filename = get_py_filename(arg)
             except IOError:
                 if args.endswith('.py'):
                     filename = arg
                 else:
                     filename = None
             return filename
 
         # custom exceptions
         class DataIsObject(Exception): pass
 
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'prxn:')
         # Set a few locals from the options for convenience:
         opts_p = opts.has_key('p')
         opts_r = opts.has_key('r')
         
         # Default line number value
         lineno = opts.get('n',None)
 
         if opts_p:
             args = '_%s' % last_call[0]
             if not self.shell.user_ns.has_key(args):
                 args = last_call[1]
             
         # use last_call to remember the state of the previous call, but don't
         # let it be clobbered by successive '-p' calls.
         try:
             last_call[0] = self.shell.outputcache.prompt_count
             if not opts_p:
                 last_call[1] = parameter_s
         except:
             pass
 
         # by default this is done with temp files, except when the given
         # arg is a filename
         use_temp = 1
 
         if re.match(r'\d',args):
             # Mode where user specifies ranges of lines, like in %macro.
             # This means that you can't edit files whose names begin with
             # numbers this way. Tough.
             ranges = args.split()
             data = ''.join(self.extract_input_slices(ranges,opts_r))
         elif args.endswith('.py'):
             filename = make_filename(args)
             data = ''
             use_temp = 0
         elif args:
             try:
                 # Load the parameter given as a variable. If not a string,
                 # process it as an object instead (below)
 
                 #print '*** args',args,'type',type(args)  # dbg
                 data = eval(args,self.shell.user_ns)
                 if not type(data) in StringTypes:
                     raise DataIsObject
 
             except (NameError,SyntaxError):
                 # given argument is not a variable, try as a filename
                 filename = make_filename(args)
                 if filename is None:
                     warn("Argument given (%s) can't be found as a variable "
                          "or as a filename." % args)
                     return
 
                 data = ''
                 use_temp = 0
             except DataIsObject:
 
                 # macros have a special edit function
                 if isinstance(data,Macro):
                     self._edit_macro(args,data)
                     return
                                 
                 # For objects, try to edit the file where they are defined
                 try:
                     filename = inspect.getabsfile(data)
                     if 'fakemodule' in filename.lower() and inspect.isclass(data):                     
                         # class created by %edit? Try to find source
                         # by looking for method definitions instead, the
                         # __module__ in those classes is FakeModule.
                         attrs = [getattr(data, aname) for aname in dir(data)]
                         for attr in attrs:
                             if not inspect.ismethod(attr):
                                 continue
                             filename = inspect.getabsfile(attr)
                             if filename and 'fakemodule' not in filename.lower():
                                 # change the attribute to be the edit target instead
                                 data = attr 
                                 break
                     
                     datafile = 1
                 except TypeError:
                     filename = make_filename(args)
                     datafile = 1
                     warn('Could not find file where `%s` is defined.\n'
                          'Opening a file named `%s`' % (args,filename))
                 # Now, make sure we can actually read the source (if it was in
                 # a temp file it's gone by now).
                 if datafile:
                     try:
                         if lineno is None:
                             lineno = inspect.getsourcelines(data)[1]
                     except IOError:
                         filename = make_filename(args)
                         if filename is None:
                             warn('The file `%s` where `%s` was defined cannot '
                                  'be read.' % (filename,data))
                             return
                 use_temp = 0
         else:
             data = ''
 
         if use_temp:
             filename = self.shell.mktempfile(data)
             print 'IPython will make a temporary file named:',filename
 
         # do actual editing here
         print 'Editing...',
         sys.stdout.flush()
         self.shell.hooks.editor(filename,lineno)
         if opts.has_key('x'):  # -x prevents actual execution
             print
         else:
             print 'done. Executing edited code...'
             if opts_r:
                 self.shell.runlines(file_read(filename))
             else:
                 self.shell.safe_execfile(filename,self.shell.user_ns,
                                          self.shell.user_ns)
         if use_temp:
             try:
                 return open(filename).read()
             except IOError,msg:
                 if msg.filename == filename:
                     warn('File not found. Did you forget to save?')
                     return
                 else:
                     self.shell.showtraceback()
 
     def magic_xmode(self,parameter_s = ''):
         """Switch modes for the exception handlers.
 
         Valid modes: Plain, Context and Verbose.
 
         If called without arguments, acts as a toggle."""
 
         def xmode_switch_err(name):
             warn('Error changing %s exception modes.\n%s' %
                  (name,sys.exc_info()[1]))
 
         shell = self.shell
         new_mode = parameter_s.strip().capitalize()
         try:
             shell.InteractiveTB.set_mode(mode=new_mode)
             print 'Exception reporting mode:',shell.InteractiveTB.mode
         except:
             xmode_switch_err('user')
 
         # threaded shells use a special handler in sys.excepthook
         if shell.isthreaded:
             try:
                 shell.sys_excepthook.set_mode(mode=new_mode)
             except:
                 xmode_switch_err('threaded')
             
     def magic_colors(self,parameter_s = ''):
         """Switch color scheme for prompts, info system and exception handlers.
 
         Currently implemented schemes: NoColor, Linux, LightBG.
 
         Color scheme names are not case-sensitive."""
 
         def color_switch_err(name):
             warn('Error changing %s color schemes.\n%s' %
                  (name,sys.exc_info()[1]))
             
         
         new_scheme = parameter_s.strip()
         if not new_scheme:
             raise UsageError(
                 "%colors: you must specify a color scheme. See '%colors?'")
             return
         # local shortcut
         shell = self.shell
 
         import IPython.rlineimpl as readline
 
         if not readline.have_readline and sys.platform == "win32":
             msg = """\
 Proper color support under MS Windows requires the pyreadline library.
 You can find it at:
 http://ipython.scipy.org/moin/PyReadline/Intro
 Gary's readline needs the ctypes module, from:
 http://starship.python.net/crew/theller/ctypes
 (Note that ctypes is already part of Python versions 2.5 and newer).
 
 Defaulting color scheme to 'NoColor'"""
             new_scheme = 'NoColor'
             warn(msg)
         
         # readline option is 0
         if not shell.has_readline:
             new_scheme = 'NoColor'
             
         # Set prompt colors
         try:
             shell.outputcache.set_colors(new_scheme)
         except:
             color_switch_err('prompt')
         else:
             shell.rc.colors = \
                        shell.outputcache.color_table.active_scheme_name
         # Set exception colors
         try:
             shell.InteractiveTB.set_colors(scheme = new_scheme)
             shell.SyntaxTB.set_colors(scheme = new_scheme)
         except:
             color_switch_err('exception')
 
         # threaded shells use a verbose traceback in sys.excepthook
         if shell.isthreaded:
             try:
                 shell.sys_excepthook.set_colors(scheme=new_scheme)
             except:
                 color_switch_err('system exception handler')
         
         # Set info (for 'object?') colors
         if shell.rc.color_info:
             try:
                 shell.inspector.set_active_scheme(new_scheme)
             except:
                 color_switch_err('object inspector')
         else:
             shell.inspector.set_active_scheme('NoColor')
                 
     def magic_color_info(self,parameter_s = ''):
         """Toggle color_info.
 
         The color_info configuration parameter controls whether colors are
         used for displaying object details (by things like %psource, %pfile or
         the '?' system). This function toggles this value with each call.
 
         Note that unless you have a fairly recent pager (less works better
         than more) in your system, using colored object information displays
         will not work properly. Test it and see."""
         
         self.shell.rc.color_info = 1 - self.shell.rc.color_info
         self.magic_colors(self.shell.rc.colors)
         print 'Object introspection functions have now coloring:',
         print ['OFF','ON'][self.shell.rc.color_info]
 
     def magic_Pprint(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Toggle pretty printing on/off."""
         
         self.shell.rc.pprint = 1 - self.shell.rc.pprint
         print 'Pretty printing has been turned', \
               ['OFF','ON'][self.shell.rc.pprint]
         
     def magic_exit(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Exit IPython, confirming if configured to do so.
 
         You can configure whether IPython asks for confirmation upon exit by
         setting the confirm_exit flag in the ipythonrc file."""
 
         self.shell.exit()
 
     def magic_quit(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Exit IPython, confirming if configured to do so (like %exit)"""
 
         self.shell.exit()
         
     def magic_Exit(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Exit IPython without confirmation."""
 
-        self.shell.exit_now = True
+        self.shell.ask_exit()
 
     #......................................................................
     # Functions to implement unix shell-type things
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_alias(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Define an alias for a system command.
 
         '%alias alias_name cmd' defines 'alias_name' as an alias for 'cmd'
 
         Then, typing 'alias_name params' will execute the system command 'cmd
         params' (from your underlying operating system).
 
         Aliases have lower precedence than magic functions and Python normal
         variables, so if 'foo' is both a Python variable and an alias, the
         alias can not be executed until 'del foo' removes the Python variable.
 
         You can use the %l specifier in an alias definition to represent the
         whole line when the alias is called.  For example:
 
           In [2]: alias all echo "Input in brackets: <%l>"
           In [3]: all hello world
           Input in brackets: <hello world>
 
         You can also define aliases with parameters using %s specifiers (one
         per parameter):
         
           In [1]: alias parts echo first %s second %s
           In [2]: %parts A B
           first A second B
           In [3]: %parts A
           Incorrect number of arguments: 2 expected.
           parts is an alias to: 'echo first %s second %s'
 
         Note that %l and %s are mutually exclusive.  You can only use one or
         the other in your aliases.
 
         Aliases expand Python variables just like system calls using ! or !! 
         do: all expressions prefixed with '$' get expanded.  For details of
         the semantic rules, see PEP-215:
         http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0215.html.  This is the library used by
         IPython for variable expansion.  If you want to access a true shell
         variable, an extra $ is necessary to prevent its expansion by IPython:
 
         In [6]: alias show echo
         In [7]: PATH='A Python string'
         In [8]: show $PATH
         A Python string
         In [9]: show $$PATH
         /usr/local/lf9560/bin:/usr/local/intel/compiler70/ia32/bin:...
 
         You can use the alias facility to acess all of $PATH.  See the %rehash
         and %rehashx functions, which automatically create aliases for the
         contents of your $PATH.
 
         If called with no parameters, %alias prints the current alias table."""
 
         par = parameter_s.strip()
         if not par:
             stored = self.db.get('stored_aliases', {} )
             atab = self.shell.alias_table
             aliases = atab.keys()
             aliases.sort()
             res = []
             showlast = []
             for alias in aliases:
                 special = False
                 try:
                     tgt = atab[alias][1]
                 except (TypeError, AttributeError):
                     # unsubscriptable? probably a callable
                     tgt = atab[alias]
                     special = True
                 # 'interesting' aliases
                 if (alias in stored or
                     special or 
                     alias.lower() != os.path.splitext(tgt)[0].lower() or
                     ' ' in tgt):
                     showlast.append((alias, tgt))
                 else:
                     res.append((alias, tgt ))                
             
             # show most interesting aliases last
             res.extend(showlast)
             print "Total number of aliases:",len(aliases)
             return res
         try:
             alias,cmd = par.split(None,1)
         except:
             print OInspect.getdoc(self.magic_alias)
         else:
             nargs = cmd.count('%s')
             if nargs>0 and cmd.find('%l')>=0:
                 error('The %s and %l specifiers are mutually exclusive '
                       'in alias definitions.')
             else:  # all looks OK
                 self.shell.alias_table[alias] = (nargs,cmd)
                 self.shell.alias_table_validate(verbose=0)
     # end magic_alias
 
     def magic_unalias(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Remove an alias"""
 
         aname = parameter_s.strip()
         if aname in self.shell.alias_table:
             del self.shell.alias_table[aname]
         stored = self.db.get('stored_aliases', {} )
         if aname in stored:
             print "Removing %stored alias",aname
             del stored[aname]
             self.db['stored_aliases'] = stored
             
 
     def magic_rehashx(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Update the alias table with all executable files in $PATH.
 
         This version explicitly checks that every entry in $PATH is a file
         with execute access (os.X_OK), so it is much slower than %rehash.
 
         Under Windows, it checks executability as a match agains a
         '|'-separated string of extensions, stored in the IPython config
         variable win_exec_ext.  This defaults to 'exe|com|bat'.
         
         This function also resets the root module cache of module completer,
         used on slow filesystems.
         """
         
         
         ip = self.api
 
         # for the benefit of module completer in ipy_completers.py
         del ip.db['rootmodules']
         
         path = [os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(p)) for p in 
             os.environ.get('PATH','').split(os.pathsep)]
         path = filter(os.path.isdir,path)
         
         alias_table = self.shell.alias_table
         syscmdlist = []
         if os.name == 'posix':
             isexec = lambda fname:os.path.isfile(fname) and \
                      os.access(fname,os.X_OK)
         else:
 
             try:
                 winext = os.environ['pathext'].replace(';','|').replace('.','')
             except KeyError:
                 winext = 'exe|com|bat|py'
             if 'py' not in winext:
                 winext += '|py'
             execre = re.compile(r'(.*)\.(%s)$' % winext,re.IGNORECASE)
             isexec = lambda fname:os.path.isfile(fname) and execre.match(fname)
         savedir = os.getcwd()
         try:
             # write the whole loop for posix/Windows so we don't have an if in
             # the innermost part
             if os.name == 'posix':
                 for pdir in path:
                     os.chdir(pdir)
                     for ff in os.listdir(pdir):
                         if isexec(ff) and ff not in self.shell.no_alias:
                             # each entry in the alias table must be (N,name),
                             # where N is the number of positional arguments of the
                             # alias.
                             alias_table[ff] = (0,ff)
                             syscmdlist.append(ff)
             else:
                 for pdir in path:
                     os.chdir(pdir)
                     for ff in os.listdir(pdir):
                         base, ext = os.path.splitext(ff)
                         if isexec(ff) and base.lower() not in self.shell.no_alias:
                             if ext.lower() == '.exe':
                                 ff = base
                             alias_table[base.lower()] = (0,ff)
                             syscmdlist.append(ff)
             # Make sure the alias table doesn't contain keywords or builtins
             self.shell.alias_table_validate()
             # Call again init_auto_alias() so we get 'rm -i' and other
             # modified aliases since %rehashx will probably clobber them
             
             # no, we don't want them. if %rehashx clobbers them, good,
             # we'll probably get better versions
             # self.shell.init_auto_alias()
             db = ip.db
             db['syscmdlist'] = syscmdlist
         finally:
             os.chdir(savedir)
         
     def magic_pwd(self, parameter_s = ''):
         """Return the current working directory path."""
         return os.getcwd()
 
     def magic_cd(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Change the current working directory.
 
         This command automatically maintains an internal list of directories
         you visit during your IPython session, in the variable _dh. The
         command %dhist shows this history nicely formatted. You can also
         do 'cd -<tab>' to see directory history conveniently.
 
         Usage:
 
           cd 'dir': changes to directory 'dir'.
 
           cd -: changes to the last visited directory.
 
           cd -<n>: changes to the n-th directory in the directory history.
 
           cd -b <bookmark_name>: jump to a bookmark set by %bookmark
              (note: cd <bookmark_name> is enough if there is no
               directory <bookmark_name>, but a bookmark with the name exists.)
               'cd -b <tab>' allows you to tab-complete bookmark names. 
 
         Options:
 
         -q: quiet.  Do not print the working directory after the cd command is
         executed.  By default IPython's cd command does print this directory,
         since the default prompts do not display path information.
         
         Note that !cd doesn't work for this purpose because the shell where
         !command runs is immediately discarded after executing 'command'."""
 
         parameter_s = parameter_s.strip()
         #bkms = self.shell.persist.get("bookmarks",{})
 
         oldcwd = os.getcwd()
         numcd = re.match(r'(-)(\d+)$',parameter_s)
         # jump in directory history by number
         if numcd:
             nn = int(numcd.group(2))
             try:
                 ps = self.shell.user_ns['_dh'][nn]
             except IndexError:
                 print 'The requested directory does not exist in history.'
                 return
             else:
                 opts = {}
         else:
             #turn all non-space-escaping backslashes to slashes, 
             # for c:\windows\directory\names\
             parameter_s = re.sub(r'\\(?! )','/', parameter_s)            
             opts,ps = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'qb',mode='string')
         # jump to previous
         if ps == '-':
             try:
                 ps = self.shell.user_ns['_dh'][-2]
             except IndexError:
                 raise UsageError('%cd -: No previous directory to change to.')
         # jump to bookmark if needed
         else:
             if not os.path.isdir(ps) or opts.has_key('b'):
                 bkms = self.db.get('bookmarks', {})
             
                 if bkms.has_key(ps):
                     target = bkms[ps]
                     print '(bookmark:%s) -> %s' % (ps,target)
                     ps = target
                 else:
                     if opts.has_key('b'):
                         raise UsageError("Bookmark '%s' not found.  "
                               "Use '%%bookmark -l' to see your bookmarks." % ps)
             
         # at this point ps should point to the target dir
         if ps:
             try:                
                 os.chdir(os.path.expanduser(ps))
                 if self.shell.rc.term_title:
                     #print 'set term title:',self.shell.rc.term_title  # dbg
                     platutils.set_term_title('IPy ' + abbrev_cwd())
             except OSError:
                 print sys.exc_info()[1]
             else:
                 cwd = os.getcwd()
                 dhist = self.shell.user_ns['_dh']
                 if oldcwd != cwd:
                     dhist.append(cwd)
                     self.db['dhist'] = compress_dhist(dhist)[-100:]
                 
         else:
             os.chdir(self.shell.home_dir)
             if self.shell.rc.term_title:
                 platutils.set_term_title("IPy ~")
             cwd = os.getcwd()
             dhist = self.shell.user_ns['_dh']
             
             if oldcwd != cwd:
                 dhist.append(cwd)
                 self.db['dhist'] = compress_dhist(dhist)[-100:]
         if not 'q' in opts and self.shell.user_ns['_dh']:
             print self.shell.user_ns['_dh'][-1]
 
 
     def magic_env(self, parameter_s=''):
         """List environment variables."""
         
         return os.environ.data
 
     def magic_pushd(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Place the current dir on stack and change directory.
         
         Usage:\\
           %pushd ['dirname']
         """
         
         dir_s = self.shell.dir_stack
         tgt = os.path.expanduser(parameter_s)
         cwd = os.getcwd().replace(self.home_dir,'~')
         if tgt:
             self.magic_cd(parameter_s)
         dir_s.insert(0,cwd)
         return self.magic_dirs()
 
     def magic_popd(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Change to directory popped off the top of the stack.
         """
         if not self.shell.dir_stack:
             raise UsageError("%popd on empty stack")
         top = self.shell.dir_stack.pop(0)
         self.magic_cd(top)
         print "popd ->",top
 
     def magic_dirs(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Return the current directory stack."""
 
         return self.shell.dir_stack
 
     def magic_dhist(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Print your history of visited directories.
 
         %dhist       -> print full history\\
         %dhist n     -> print last n entries only\\
         %dhist n1 n2 -> print entries between n1 and n2 (n1 not included)\\
 
         This history is automatically maintained by the %cd command, and
         always available as the global list variable _dh. You can use %cd -<n>
         to go to directory number <n>.
         
         Note that most of time, you should view directory history by entering
         cd -<TAB>.
         
         """
 
         dh = self.shell.user_ns['_dh']
         if parameter_s:
             try:
                 args = map(int,parameter_s.split())
             except:
                 self.arg_err(Magic.magic_dhist)
                 return
             if len(args) == 1:
                 ini,fin = max(len(dh)-(args[0]),0),len(dh)
             elif len(args) == 2:
                 ini,fin = args
             else:
                 self.arg_err(Magic.magic_dhist)
                 return
         else:
             ini,fin = 0,len(dh)
         nlprint(dh,
                 header = 'Directory history (kept in _dh)',
                 start=ini,stop=fin)
 
     @testdec.skip_doctest
     def magic_sc(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Shell capture - execute a shell command and capture its output.
 
         DEPRECATED. Suboptimal, retained for backwards compatibility.
         
         You should use the form 'var = !command' instead. Example:
          
          "%sc -l myfiles = ls ~" should now be written as
             
          "myfiles = !ls ~"
          
         myfiles.s, myfiles.l and myfiles.n still apply as documented
         below.
 
         --
         %sc [options] varname=command
 
         IPython will run the given command using commands.getoutput(), and
         will then update the user's interactive namespace with a variable
         called varname, containing the value of the call.  Your command can
         contain shell wildcards, pipes, etc.
 
         The '=' sign in the syntax is mandatory, and the variable name you
         supply must follow Python's standard conventions for valid names.
         
         (A special format without variable name exists for internal use)
 
         Options:
 
           -l: list output.  Split the output on newlines into a list before
           assigning it to the given variable.  By default the output is stored
           as a single string.
 
           -v: verbose.  Print the contents of the variable.
 
         In most cases you should not need to split as a list, because the
         returned value is a special type of string which can automatically
         provide its contents either as a list (split on newlines) or as a
         space-separated string.  These are convenient, respectively, either
         for sequential processing or to be passed to a shell command.
 
         For example:
 
         # all-random
         
             # Capture into variable a
             In [1]: sc a=ls *py
 
             # a is a string with embedded newlines
             In [2]: a
             Out[2]: 'setup.py\\nwin32_manual_post_install.py'
 
             # which can be seen as a list:
             In [3]: a.l
             Out[3]: ['setup.py', 'win32_manual_post_install.py']
 
             # or as a whitespace-separated string:
             In [4]: a.s
             Out[4]: 'setup.py win32_manual_post_install.py'
 
             # a.s is useful to pass as a single command line:
             In [5]: !wc -l $a.s
               146 setup.py
               130 win32_manual_post_install.py
               276 total
 
             # while the list form is useful to loop over:
             In [6]: for f in a.l:
               ...:      !wc -l $f
               ...:
             146 setup.py
             130 win32_manual_post_install.py
 
         Similiarly, the lists returned by the -l option are also special, in
         the sense that you can equally invoke the .s attribute on them to
         automatically get a whitespace-separated string from their contents:
 
             In [7]: sc -l b=ls *py
 
             In [8]: b
             Out[8]: ['setup.py', 'win32_manual_post_install.py']
 
             In [9]: b.s
             Out[9]: 'setup.py win32_manual_post_install.py'
 
         In summary, both the lists and strings used for ouptut capture have
         the following special attributes:
 
             .l (or .list) : value as list.
             .n (or .nlstr): value as newline-separated string.
             .s (or .spstr): value as space-separated string.
         """
 
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'lv')
         # Try to get a variable name and command to run
         try:
             # the variable name must be obtained from the parse_options
             # output, which uses shlex.split to strip options out.
             var,_ = args.split('=',1)
             var = var.strip()
             # But the the command has to be extracted from the original input
             # parameter_s, not on what parse_options returns, to avoid the
             # quote stripping which shlex.split performs on it.
             _,cmd = parameter_s.split('=',1)
         except ValueError:
             var,cmd = '',''
         # If all looks ok, proceed
         out,err = self.shell.getoutputerror(cmd)
         if err:
             print >> Term.cerr,err
         if opts.has_key('l'):
             out = SList(out.split('\n'))
         else:
             out = LSString(out)
         if opts.has_key('v'):
             print '%s ==\n%s' % (var,pformat(out))
         if var:
             self.shell.user_ns.update({var:out})
         else:
             return out
 
     def magic_sx(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Shell execute - run a shell command and capture its output.
 
         %sx command
 
         IPython will run the given command using commands.getoutput(), and
         return the result formatted as a list (split on '\\n').  Since the
         output is _returned_, it will be stored in ipython's regular output
         cache Out[N] and in the '_N' automatic variables.
 
         Notes:
 
         1) If an input line begins with '!!', then %sx is automatically
         invoked.  That is, while:
           !ls
         causes ipython to simply issue system('ls'), typing
           !!ls
         is a shorthand equivalent to:
           %sx ls
         
         2) %sx differs from %sc in that %sx automatically splits into a list,
         like '%sc -l'.  The reason for this is to make it as easy as possible
         to process line-oriented shell output via further python commands.
         %sc is meant to provide much finer control, but requires more
         typing.
 
         3) Just like %sc -l, this is a list with special attributes:
 
           .l (or .list) : value as list.
           .n (or .nlstr): value as newline-separated string.
           .s (or .spstr): value as whitespace-separated string.
 
         This is very useful when trying to use such lists as arguments to
         system commands."""
 
         if parameter_s:
             out,err = self.shell.getoutputerror(parameter_s)
             if err:
                 print >> Term.cerr,err
             return SList(out.split('\n'))
 
     def magic_bg(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Run a job in the background, in a separate thread.
 
         For example,
 
           %bg myfunc(x,y,z=1)
 
         will execute 'myfunc(x,y,z=1)' in a background thread.  As soon as the
         execution starts, a message will be printed indicating the job
         number.  If your job number is 5, you can use
 
           myvar = jobs.result(5)  or  myvar = jobs[5].result
 
         to assign this result to variable 'myvar'.
 
         IPython has a job manager, accessible via the 'jobs' object.  You can
         type jobs? to get more information about it, and use jobs.<TAB> to see
         its attributes.  All attributes not starting with an underscore are
         meant for public use.
 
         In particular, look at the jobs.new() method, which is used to create
         new jobs.  This magic %bg function is just a convenience wrapper
         around jobs.new(), for expression-based jobs.  If you want to create a
         new job with an explicit function object and arguments, you must call
         jobs.new() directly.
 
         The jobs.new docstring also describes in detail several important
         caveats associated with a thread-based model for background job
         execution.  Type jobs.new? for details.
 
         You can check the status of all jobs with jobs.status().
 
         The jobs variable is set by IPython into the Python builtin namespace.
         If you ever declare a variable named 'jobs', you will shadow this
         name.  You can either delete your global jobs variable to regain
         access to the job manager, or make a new name and assign it manually
         to the manager (stored in IPython's namespace).  For example, to
         assign the job manager to the Jobs name, use:
 
           Jobs = __builtins__.jobs"""
         
         self.shell.jobs.new(parameter_s,self.shell.user_ns)
         
     def magic_r(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Repeat previous input.
 
         Note: Consider using the more powerfull %rep instead!
         
         If given an argument, repeats the previous command which starts with
         the same string, otherwise it just repeats the previous input.
 
         Shell escaped commands (with ! as first character) are not recognized
         by this system, only pure python code and magic commands.
         """
 
         start = parameter_s.strip()
         esc_magic = self.shell.ESC_MAGIC
         # Identify magic commands even if automagic is on (which means
         # the in-memory version is different from that typed by the user).
         if self.shell.rc.automagic:
             start_magic = esc_magic+start
         else:
             start_magic = start
         # Look through the input history in reverse
         for n in range(len(self.shell.input_hist)-2,0,-1):
             input = self.shell.input_hist[n]
             # skip plain 'r' lines so we don't recurse to infinity
             if input != '_ip.magic("r")\n' and \
                    (input.startswith(start) or input.startswith(start_magic)):
                 #print 'match',`input`  # dbg
                 print 'Executing:',input,
                 self.shell.runlines(input)
                 return
         print 'No previous input matching `%s` found.' % start
 
     
     def magic_bookmark(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Manage IPython's bookmark system.
 
         %bookmark <name>       - set bookmark to current dir
         %bookmark <name> <dir> - set bookmark to <dir>
         %bookmark -l           - list all bookmarks
         %bookmark -d <name>    - remove bookmark
         %bookmark -r           - remove all bookmarks
 
         You can later on access a bookmarked folder with:
           %cd -b <name>
         or simply '%cd <name>' if there is no directory called <name> AND
         there is such a bookmark defined.
 
         Your bookmarks persist through IPython sessions, but they are
         associated with each profile."""
 
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'drl',mode='list')
         if len(args) > 2:
             raise UsageError("%bookmark: too many arguments")
 
         bkms = self.db.get('bookmarks',{})
             
         if opts.has_key('d'):
             try:
                 todel = args[0]
             except IndexError:
                 raise UsageError(
                     "%bookmark -d: must provide a bookmark to delete")
             else:
                 try:
                     del bkms[todel]
                 except KeyError:
                     raise UsageError(
                         "%%bookmark -d: Can't delete bookmark '%s'" % todel)
 
         elif opts.has_key('r'):
             bkms = {}
         elif opts.has_key('l'):
             bks = bkms.keys()
             bks.sort()
             if bks:
                 size = max(map(len,bks))
             else:
                 size = 0
             fmt = '%-'+str(size)+'s -> %s'
             print 'Current bookmarks:'
             for bk in bks:
                 print fmt % (bk,bkms[bk])
         else:
             if not args:
                 raise UsageError("%bookmark: You must specify the bookmark name")
             elif len(args)==1:
                 bkms[args[0]] = os.getcwd()
             elif len(args)==2:
                 bkms[args[0]] = args[1]
         self.db['bookmarks'] = bkms
 
     def magic_pycat(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Show a syntax-highlighted file through a pager.
 
         This magic is similar to the cat utility, but it will assume the file
         to be Python source and will show it with syntax highlighting. """
         
         try:
             filename = get_py_filename(parameter_s)
             cont = file_read(filename)
         except IOError:
             try:
                 cont = eval(parameter_s,self.user_ns)
             except NameError:
                 cont = None
         if cont is None:
             print "Error: no such file or variable"
             return
             
         page(self.shell.pycolorize(cont),
              screen_lines=self.shell.rc.screen_length)
 
     def magic_cpaste(self, parameter_s=''):
         """Allows you to paste & execute a pre-formatted code block from clipboard.
         
         You must terminate the block with '--' (two minus-signs) alone on the
         line. You can also provide your own sentinel with '%paste -s %%' ('%%' 
         is the new sentinel for this operation)
         
         The block is dedented prior to execution to enable execution of method
         definitions. '>' and '+' characters at the beginning of a line are
         ignored, to allow pasting directly from e-mails, diff files and
         doctests (the '...' continuation prompt is also stripped).  The
         executed block is also assigned to variable named 'pasted_block' for
         later editing with '%edit pasted_block'.
         
         You can also pass a variable name as an argument, e.g. '%cpaste foo'.
         This assigns the pasted block to variable 'foo' as string, without 
         dedenting or executing it (preceding >>> and + is still stripped)
         
         Do not be alarmed by garbled output on Windows (it's a readline bug). 
         Just press enter and type -- (and press enter again) and the block 
         will be what was just pasted.
         
         IPython statements (magics, shell escapes) are not supported (yet).
         """
         opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'s:',mode='string')
         par = args.strip()
         sentinel = opts.get('s','--')
 
         # Regular expressions that declare text we strip from the input:
         strip_re =  [r'^\s*In \[\d+\]:', # IPython input prompt
                      r'^\s*(\s?>)+', # Python input prompt
                      r'^\s*\.{3,}', # Continuation prompts
                      r'^\++',
                      ]
 
         strip_from_start = map(re.compile,strip_re)
         
         from IPython import iplib
         lines = []
         print "Pasting code; enter '%s' alone on the line to stop." % sentinel
         while 1:
             l = iplib.raw_input_original(':')
             if l ==sentinel:
                 break
             
             for pat in strip_from_start: 
                 l = pat.sub('',l)
             lines.append(l)
                          
         block = "\n".join(lines) + '\n'
         #print "block:\n",block
         if not par:
             b = textwrap.dedent(block)
             exec b in self.user_ns            
             self.user_ns['pasted_block'] = b
         else:
             self.user_ns[par] = SList(block.splitlines())
             print "Block assigned to '%s'" % par
             
     def magic_quickref(self,arg):
         """ Show a quick reference sheet """
         import IPython.usage
         qr = IPython.usage.quick_reference + self.magic_magic('-brief')
         
         page(qr)
         
     def magic_upgrade(self,arg):
         """ Upgrade your IPython installation
         
         This will copy the config files that don't yet exist in your 
         ipython dir from the system config dir. Use this after upgrading 
         IPython if you don't wish to delete your .ipython dir.
 
         Call with -nolegacy to get rid of ipythonrc* files (recommended for
         new users)
 
         """
         ip = self.getapi()
         ipinstallation = path(IPython.__file__).dirname()
         upgrade_script = '%s "%s"' % (sys.executable,ipinstallation / 'upgrade_dir.py')
         src_config = ipinstallation / 'UserConfig'
         userdir = path(ip.options.ipythondir)
         cmd = '%s "%s" "%s"' % (upgrade_script, src_config, userdir)
         print ">",cmd
         shell(cmd)
         if arg == '-nolegacy':
             legacy = userdir.files('ipythonrc*')
             print "Nuking legacy files:",legacy
             
             [p.remove() for p in legacy]
             suffix = (sys.platform == 'win32' and '.ini' or '')
             (userdir / ('ipythonrc' + suffix)).write_text('# Empty, see ipy_user_conf.py\n')
 
 
     def magic_doctest_mode(self,parameter_s=''):
         """Toggle doctest mode on and off.
 
         This mode allows you to toggle the prompt behavior between normal
         IPython prompts and ones that are as similar to the default IPython
         interpreter as possible.
 
         It also supports the pasting of code snippets that have leading '>>>'
         and '...' prompts in them.  This means that you can paste doctests from
         files or docstrings (even if they have leading whitespace), and the
         code will execute correctly.  You can then use '%history -tn' to see
         the translated history without line numbers; this will give you the
         input after removal of all the leading prompts and whitespace, which
         can be pasted back into an editor.
 
         With these features, you can switch into this mode easily whenever you
         need to do testing and changes to doctests, without having to leave
         your existing IPython session.
         """
 
         # XXX - Fix this to have cleaner activate/deactivate calls.
         from IPython.Extensions import InterpreterPasteInput as ipaste
         from IPython.ipstruct import Struct
 
         # Shorthands
         shell = self.shell
         oc = shell.outputcache
         rc = shell.rc
         meta = shell.meta
         # dstore is a data store kept in the instance metadata bag to track any
         # changes we make, so we can undo them later.
         dstore = meta.setdefault('doctest_mode',Struct())
         save_dstore = dstore.setdefault
 
         # save a few values we'll need to recover later
         mode = save_dstore('mode',False)
         save_dstore('rc_pprint',rc.pprint)
         save_dstore('xmode',shell.InteractiveTB.mode)
         save_dstore('rc_separate_out',rc.separate_out)
         save_dstore('rc_separate_out2',rc.separate_out2)
         save_dstore('rc_prompts_pad_left',rc.prompts_pad_left)
         save_dstore('rc_separate_in',rc.separate_in)
 
         if mode == False:
             # turn on
             ipaste.activate_prefilter()
 
             oc.prompt1.p_template = '>>> '
             oc.prompt2.p_template = '... '
             oc.prompt_out.p_template = ''
 
             # Prompt separators like plain python
             oc.input_sep = oc.prompt1.sep = ''
             oc.output_sep = ''
             oc.output_sep2 = ''
 
             oc.prompt1.pad_left = oc.prompt2.pad_left = \
                                   oc.prompt_out.pad_left = False
 
             rc.pprint = False
 
             shell.magic_xmode('Plain')
 
         else:
             # turn off
             ipaste.deactivate_prefilter()
 
             oc.prompt1.p_template = rc.prompt_in1
             oc.prompt2.p_template = rc.prompt_in2
             oc.prompt_out.p_template = rc.prompt_out
 
             oc.input_sep = oc.prompt1.sep = dstore.rc_separate_in
 
             oc.output_sep = dstore.rc_separate_out
             oc.output_sep2 = dstore.rc_separate_out2
 
             oc.prompt1.pad_left = oc.prompt2.pad_left = \
                          oc.prompt_out.pad_left = dstore.rc_prompts_pad_left
 
             rc.pprint = dstore.rc_pprint
 
             shell.magic_xmode(dstore.xmode)
 
         # Store new mode and inform
         dstore.mode = bool(1-int(mode))
         print 'Doctest mode is:',
         print ['OFF','ON'][dstore.mode]
 
 # end Magic

IPython/frontend/cocoa/cocoa_frontend.py

@@ -1,560 +1,560 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 # -*- test-case-name: IPython.frontend.cocoa.tests.test_cocoa_frontend -*-
 
 """PyObjC classes to provide a Cocoa frontend to the 
 IPython.kernel.engineservice.IEngineBase.
 
 To add an IPython interpreter to a cocoa app, instantiate an 
 IPythonCocoaController in a XIB and connect its textView outlet to an
 NSTextView instance in your UI. That's it.
 
 Author: Barry Wark
 """
 
 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #       Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import sys
 import objc
 import uuid
 
 from Foundation import NSObject, NSMutableArray, NSMutableDictionary,\
                         NSLog, NSNotificationCenter, NSMakeRange,\
                         NSLocalizedString, NSIntersectionRange,\
                         NSString, NSAutoreleasePool
                         
 from AppKit import NSApplicationWillTerminateNotification, NSBeep,\
                     NSTextView, NSRulerView, NSVerticalRuler
 
 from pprint import saferepr
 
 import IPython
 from IPython.kernel.engineservice import ThreadedEngineService
-from IPython.frontend.frontendbase import AsyncFrontEndBase
+from IPython.frontend.asyncfrontendbase import AsyncFrontEndBase
 
 from twisted.internet.threads import blockingCallFromThread
 from twisted.python.failure import Failure
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Classes to implement the Cocoa frontend
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # TODO: 
 #   1. use MultiEngineClient and out-of-process engine rather than 
 #       ThreadedEngineService?
 #   2. integrate Xgrid launching of engines
         
 class AutoreleasePoolWrappedThreadedEngineService(ThreadedEngineService):
     """Wrap all blocks in an NSAutoreleasePool"""
     
     def wrapped_execute(self, msg, lines):
         """wrapped_execute"""
         try:
             p = NSAutoreleasePool.alloc().init()
             result = super(AutoreleasePoolWrappedThreadedEngineService,
                             self).wrapped_execute(msg, lines)
         finally:
             p.drain()
         
         return result
     
 
 
 class Cell(NSObject):
     """
     Representation of the prompts, input and output of a cell in the
     frontend
     """
     
     blockNumber = objc.ivar().unsigned_long()
     blockID = objc.ivar()
     inputBlock = objc.ivar()
     output = objc.ivar()
      
 
    
 class CellBlock(object):
     """
     Storage for information about text ranges relating to a single cell
     """
 
         
     def __init__(self, inputPromptRange, inputRange=None, outputPromptRange=None,
                 outputRange=None):
         super(CellBlock, self).__init__()
         self.inputPromptRange = inputPromptRange
         self.inputRange = inputRange
         self.outputPromptRange = outputPromptRange
         self.outputRange = outputRange
     
     def update_ranges_for_insertion(self, text, textRange):
         """Update ranges for text insertion at textRange"""
         
         for r in [self.inputPromptRange,self.inputRange,
                     self.outputPromptRange, self.outputRange]:
             if(r == None):
                 continue
             intersection = NSIntersectionRange(r,textRange)
             if(intersection.length == 0): #ranges don't intersect
                 if r.location >= textRange.location:
                     r.location += len(text)
             else: #ranges intersect
                 if(r.location > textRange.location):
                     offset = len(text) - intersection.length
                     r.length -= offset
                     r.location += offset
                 elif(r.location == textRange.location):
                     r.length += len(text) - intersection.length
                 else:
                     r.length -= intersection.length
     
     
     def update_ranges_for_deletion(self, textRange):
         """Update ranges for text deletion at textRange"""
         
         for r in [self.inputPromptRange,self.inputRange,
                     self.outputPromptRange, self.outputRange]:
             if(r==None):
                 continue
             intersection = NSIntersectionRange(r, textRange)
             if(intersection.length == 0): #ranges don't intersect
                 if r.location >= textRange.location:
                     r.location -= textRange.length
             else: #ranges intersect
                 if(r.location > textRange.location):
                     offset = intersection.length
                     r.length -= offset
                     r.location += offset
                 elif(r.location == textRange.location):
                     r.length += intersection.length
                 else:
                     r.length -= intersection.length
     
     def __repr__(self):
         return 'CellBlock('+ str((self.inputPromptRange,
                                 self.inputRange,
                                 self.outputPromptRange,
                                 self.outputRange)) + ')'
     
 
 
         
 class IPythonCocoaController(NSObject, AsyncFrontEndBase):
     userNS = objc.ivar() #mirror of engine.user_ns (key=>str(value))
     waitingForEngine = objc.ivar().bool()
     textView = objc.IBOutlet()
     
     def init(self):
         self = super(IPythonCocoaController, self).init()
         AsyncFrontEndBase.__init__(self,
                     engine=AutoreleasePoolWrappedThreadedEngineService())
         if(self != None):
             self._common_init()
         
         return self
     
     def _common_init(self):
         """_common_init"""
         
         self.userNS = NSMutableDictionary.dictionary()
         self.waitingForEngine = False
         
         self.lines = {}
         self.tabSpaces = 4
         self.tabUsesSpaces = True
         self.currentBlockID = self.next_block_ID()
         self.blockRanges = {} # blockID=>CellBlock
     
     
     def awakeFromNib(self):
         """awakeFromNib"""
         
         self._common_init()
         
         # Start the IPython engine
         self.engine.startService()
         NSLog('IPython engine started')
         
         # Register for app termination
         nc = NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter()
         nc.addObserver_selector_name_object_(
                                     self,
                                     'appWillTerminate:',
                                     NSApplicationWillTerminateNotification,
                                     None)
         
         self.textView.setDelegate_(self)
         self.textView.enclosingScrollView().setHasVerticalRuler_(True)
         r = NSRulerView.alloc().initWithScrollView_orientation_(
                                         self.textView.enclosingScrollView(),
                                         NSVerticalRuler)
         self.verticalRulerView = r
         self.verticalRulerView.setClientView_(self.textView)
         self._start_cli_banner()
         self.start_new_block()
     
     
     def appWillTerminate_(self, notification):
         """appWillTerminate"""
         
         self.engine.stopService()
     
     
     def complete(self, token):
         """Complete token in engine's user_ns
         
         Parameters
         ----------
         token : string
         
         Result
         ------
         Deferred result of 
         IPython.kernel.engineservice.IEngineBase.complete
         """
         
         return self.engine.complete(token)
     
     
     def execute(self, block, blockID=None):
         self.waitingForEngine = True
         self.willChangeValueForKey_('commandHistory')
         d = super(IPythonCocoaController, self).execute(block,
                                                         blockID)
         d.addBoth(self._engine_done)
         d.addCallback(self._update_user_ns)
         
         return d
     
     
     def push_(self, namespace):
         """Push dictionary of key=>values to python namespace"""
         
         self.waitingForEngine = True
         self.willChangeValueForKey_('commandHistory')
         d = self.engine.push(namespace)
         d.addBoth(self._engine_done)
         d.addCallback(self._update_user_ns)
     
     
     def pull_(self, keys):
         """Pull keys from python namespace"""
         
         self.waitingForEngine = True
         result = blockingCallFromThread(self.engine.pull, keys)
         self.waitingForEngine = False
     
     @objc.signature('v@:@I')
     def executeFileAtPath_encoding_(self, path, encoding):
         """Execute file at path in an empty namespace. Update the engine
         user_ns with the resulting locals."""
         
         lines,err = NSString.stringWithContentsOfFile_encoding_error_(
             path,
             encoding,
             None)
         self.engine.execute(lines)
     
     
     def _engine_done(self, x):
         self.waitingForEngine = False
         self.didChangeValueForKey_('commandHistory')
         return x
     
     def _update_user_ns(self, result):
         """Update self.userNS from self.engine's namespace"""
         d = self.engine.keys()
         d.addCallback(self._get_engine_namespace_values_for_keys)
         
         return result
     
     
     def _get_engine_namespace_values_for_keys(self, keys):
         d = self.engine.pull(keys)
         d.addCallback(self._store_engine_namespace_values, keys=keys)
     
     
     def _store_engine_namespace_values(self, values, keys=[]):
         assert(len(values) == len(keys))
         self.willChangeValueForKey_('userNS')
         for (k,v) in zip(keys,values):
             self.userNS[k] = saferepr(v)
         self.didChangeValueForKey_('userNS')
     
     
     def update_cell_prompt(self, result, blockID=None):
         print self.blockRanges
         if(isinstance(result, Failure)):
             prompt = self.input_prompt()
             
         else:
             prompt = self.input_prompt(number=result['number'])
         
         r = self.blockRanges[blockID].inputPromptRange
         self.insert_text(prompt,
                 textRange=r,
                 scrollToVisible=False
                 )
         
         return result
     
     
     def render_result(self, result):
         blockID = result['blockID']
         inputRange = self.blockRanges[blockID].inputRange
         del self.blockRanges[blockID]
         
         #print inputRange,self.current_block_range()
         self.insert_text('\n' +
                 self.output_prompt(number=result['number']) +
                 result.get('display',{}).get('pprint','') +
                 '\n\n',
                 textRange=NSMakeRange(inputRange.location+inputRange.length,
                                     0))
         return result
     
         
     def render_error(self, failure):
         print failure
         blockID = failure.blockID
         inputRange = self.blockRanges[blockID].inputRange
         self.insert_text('\n' +
                         self.output_prompt() +
                         '\n' +
                         failure.getErrorMessage() +
                         '\n\n',
                         textRange=NSMakeRange(inputRange.location +
                                                 inputRange.length,
                                                 0))
         self.start_new_block()
         return failure
     
     
     def _start_cli_banner(self):
         """Print banner"""
         
         banner = """IPython1 %s -- An enhanced Interactive Python.""" % \
                     IPython.__version__
         
         self.insert_text(banner + '\n\n')
     
     
     def start_new_block(self):
         """"""
         
         self.currentBlockID = self.next_block_ID()
         self.blockRanges[self.currentBlockID] = self.new_cell_block()
         self.insert_text(self.input_prompt(), 
             textRange=self.current_block_range().inputPromptRange)
     
     
     
     def next_block_ID(self):
         
         return uuid.uuid4()
     
     def new_cell_block(self):
         """A new CellBlock at the end of self.textView.textStorage()"""
         
         return CellBlock(NSMakeRange(self.textView.textStorage().length(), 
                                     0), #len(self.input_prompt())),
                         NSMakeRange(self.textView.textStorage().length(),# + len(self.input_prompt()),
                                     0))
     
     
     def current_block_range(self):
         return self.blockRanges.get(self.currentBlockID, 
                         self.new_cell_block())
     
     def current_block(self):
         """The current block's text"""
         
         return self.text_for_range(self.current_block_range().inputRange)
     
     def text_for_range(self, textRange):
         """text_for_range"""
         
         ts = self.textView.textStorage()
         return ts.string().substringWithRange_(textRange)
     
     def current_line(self):
         block = self.text_for_range(self.current_block_range().inputRange)
         block = block.split('\n')
         return block[-1]
     
     
     def insert_text(self, string=None, textRange=None, scrollToVisible=True):
         """Insert text into textView at textRange, updating blockRanges 
         as necessary
         """
         if(textRange == None):
             #range for end of text
             textRange = NSMakeRange(self.textView.textStorage().length(), 0) 
         
         
         self.textView.replaceCharactersInRange_withString_(
             textRange, string)
             
         for r in self.blockRanges.itervalues():
             r.update_ranges_for_insertion(string, textRange)
         
         self.textView.setSelectedRange_(textRange)
         if(scrollToVisible):
             self.textView.scrollRangeToVisible_(textRange)
     
     
     
     def replace_current_block_with_string(self, textView, string):
         textView.replaceCharactersInRange_withString_(
                                     self.current_block_range().inputRange,
                                     string)
         self.current_block_range().inputRange.length = len(string)
         r = NSMakeRange(textView.textStorage().length(), 0)
         textView.scrollRangeToVisible_(r)
         textView.setSelectedRange_(r)
     
     
     def current_indent_string(self):
         """returns string for indent or None if no indent"""
         
         return self._indent_for_block(self.current_block())
     
     
     def _indent_for_block(self, block):
         lines = block.split('\n')
         if(len(lines) > 1):
             currentIndent = len(lines[-1]) - len(lines[-1].lstrip())
             if(currentIndent == 0):
                 currentIndent = self.tabSpaces
         
             if(self.tabUsesSpaces):
                 result = ' ' * currentIndent
             else:
                 result = '\t' * (currentIndent/self.tabSpaces)
         else:
             result = None
         
         return result
     
     
     # NSTextView delegate methods...
     def textView_doCommandBySelector_(self, textView, selector):
         assert(textView == self.textView)
         NSLog("textView_doCommandBySelector_: "+selector)
         
         
         if(selector == 'insertNewline:'):
             indent = self.current_indent_string()
             if(indent):
                 line = indent + self.current_line()
             else:
                 line = self.current_line()
             
             if(self.is_complete(self.current_block())):
                 self.execute(self.current_block(),
                                 blockID=self.currentBlockID)
                 self.start_new_block()
                 
                 return True
             
             return False
         
         elif(selector == 'moveUp:'):
             prevBlock = self.get_history_previous(self.current_block())
             if(prevBlock != None):
                 self.replace_current_block_with_string(textView, prevBlock)
             else:
                 NSBeep()
             return True
         
         elif(selector == 'moveDown:'):
             nextBlock = self.get_history_next()
             if(nextBlock != None):
                 self.replace_current_block_with_string(textView, nextBlock)
             else:
                 NSBeep()
             return True
         
         elif(selector == 'moveToBeginningOfParagraph:'):
             textView.setSelectedRange_(NSMakeRange(
                             self.current_block_range().inputRange.location, 
                             0))
             return True
         elif(selector == 'moveToEndOfParagraph:'):
             textView.setSelectedRange_(NSMakeRange(
                             self.current_block_range().inputRange.location + \
                             self.current_block_range().inputRange.length, 0))
             return True
         elif(selector == 'deleteToEndOfParagraph:'):
             if(textView.selectedRange().location <= \
                 self.current_block_range().location):
                 raise NotImplemented()
             
             return False # don't actually handle the delete
         
         elif(selector == 'insertTab:'):
             if(len(self.current_line().strip()) == 0): #only white space
                 return False
             else:
                 self.textView.complete_(self)
                 return True
         
         elif(selector == 'deleteBackward:'):
             #if we're at the beginning of the current block, ignore
             if(textView.selectedRange().location == \
                 self.current_block_range().inputRange.location):
                 return True
             else:
                 for r in self.blockRanges.itervalues():
                     deleteRange = textView.selectedRange
                     if(deleteRange.length == 0):
                         deleteRange.location -= 1
                         deleteRange.length = 1
                     r.update_ranges_for_deletion(deleteRange)
                 return False
         return False
     
     
     def textView_shouldChangeTextInRanges_replacementStrings_(self, 
         textView, ranges, replacementStrings):
         """
         Delegate method for NSTextView.
         
         Refuse change text in ranges not at end, but make those changes at 
         end.
         """
         
         assert(len(ranges) == len(replacementStrings))
         allow = True
         for r,s in zip(ranges, replacementStrings):
             r = r.rangeValue()
             if(textView.textStorage().length() > 0 and
                 r.location < self.current_block_range().inputRange.location):
                 self.insert_text(s)
                 allow = False
         
         return allow
     
     def textView_completions_forPartialWordRange_indexOfSelectedItem_(self, 
         textView, words, charRange, index):
         try:
             ts = textView.textStorage()
             token = ts.string().substringWithRange_(charRange)
             completions = blockingCallFromThread(self.complete, token)
         except:
             completions = objc.nil
             NSBeep()
         
         return (completions,0)
     
 

IPython/frontend/frontendbase.py

@@ -1,400 +1,359 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 # -*- test-case-name: IPython.frontend.tests.test_frontendbase -*-
 """
 frontendbase provides an interface and base class for GUI frontends for 
 IPython.kernel/IPython.kernel.core.
 
 Frontend implementations will likely want to subclass FrontEndBase. 
 
 Author: Barry Wark
 """
 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import string
 import uuid
 import _ast
 
-try:
-    from zope.interface import Interface, Attribute, implements, classProvides
-except ImportError:
-    #zope.interface is not available
-    Interface = object
-    def Attribute(name, doc): pass
-    def implements(interface): pass
-    def classProvides(interface): pass
+from zopeinterface import Interface, Attribute, implements, classProvides
 
 from IPython.kernel.core.history import FrontEndHistory
 from IPython.kernel.core.util import Bunch
 from IPython.kernel.engineservice import IEngineCore
 
-
 ##############################################################################
 # TEMPORARY!!! fake configuration, while we decide whether to use tconfig or
 # not
 
 rc = Bunch()
 rc.prompt_in1 = r'In [$number]:  '
 rc.prompt_in2 = r'...'
 rc.prompt_out = r'Out [$number]:  '
 
 ##############################################################################
+# Interface definitions
+##############################################################################
 
 class IFrontEndFactory(Interface):
     """Factory interface for frontends."""
     
     def __call__(engine=None, history=None):
         """
         Parameters:
         interpreter : IPython.kernel.engineservice.IEngineCore
         """
         
         pass
 
 
-
 class IFrontEnd(Interface):
     """Interface for frontends. All methods return t.i.d.Deferred"""
     
     Attribute("input_prompt_template", "string.Template instance\
                 substituteable with execute result.")
     Attribute("output_prompt_template", "string.Template instance\
                 substituteable with execute result.")
     Attribute("continuation_prompt_template", "string.Template instance\
                 substituteable with execute result.")
     
     def update_cell_prompt(result, blockID=None):
         """Subclass may override to update the input prompt for a block. 
-        Since this method will be called as a 
-        twisted.internet.defer.Deferred's callback/errback,
-        implementations should return result when finished.
+
+        In asynchronous frontends, this method will be called as a
+        twisted.internet.defer.Deferred's callback/errback.
+        Implementations should thus return result when finished.
         
         Result is a result dict in case of success, and a
         twisted.python.util.failure.Failure in case of an error
         """
         
         pass
     
-    
     def render_result(result):
         """Render the result of an execute call. Implementors may choose the
          method of rendering.
         For example, a notebook-style frontend might render a Chaco plot 
         inline.
         
         Parameters:
             result : dict (result of IEngineBase.execute )
                 blockID = result['blockID']
         
         Result:
             Output of frontend rendering
         """
         
         pass
     
     def render_error(failure):
-        """Subclasses must override to render the failure. Since this method 
-        will be called as a twisted.internet.defer.Deferred's callback, 
-        implementations should return result when finished.
+        """Subclasses must override to render the failure. 
+        
+        In asynchronous frontend, since this method will be called as a
+        twisted.internet.defer.Deferred's callback. Implementations
+        should thus return result when finished.
         
         blockID = failure.blockID
         """
         
         pass
     
-    
     def input_prompt(number=''):
         """Returns the input prompt by subsituting into 
         self.input_prompt_template
         """
         pass
     
     def output_prompt(number=''):
         """Returns the output prompt by subsituting into 
         self.output_prompt_template
         """
         
         pass
     
     def continuation_prompt():
         """Returns the continuation prompt by subsituting into 
         self.continuation_prompt_template
         """
         
         pass
     
     def is_complete(block):
         """Returns True if block is complete, False otherwise."""
         
         pass
     
     def compile_ast(block):
         """Compiles block to an _ast.AST"""
         
         pass
     
-    
-    def get_history_previous(currentBlock):
+    def get_history_previous(current_block):
         """Returns the block previous in  the history. Saves currentBlock if
         the history_cursor is currently at the end of the input history"""
         pass
     
     def get_history_next():
         """Returns the next block in the history."""
         
         pass
     
+    def complete(self, line):
+        """Returns the list of possible completions, and the completed
+            line.
+
+        The input argument is the full line to be completed. This method
+        returns both the line completed as much as possible, and the list
+        of further possible completions (full words).
+        """
+        pass
+
+
+##############################################################################
+# Base class for all the frontends. 
+##############################################################################
 
 class FrontEndBase(object):
     """
     FrontEndBase manages the state tasks for a CLI frontend:
         - Input and output history management
         - Input/continuation and output prompt generation
         
     Some issues (due to possibly unavailable engine):
         - How do we get the current cell number for the engine?
         - How do we handle completions?
     """
     
     history_cursor = 0
     
-    current_indent_level = 0
-    
-    
     input_prompt_template = string.Template(rc.prompt_in1)
     output_prompt_template = string.Template(rc.prompt_out)
     continuation_prompt_template = string.Template(rc.prompt_in2)
     
     def __init__(self, shell=None, history=None):
         self.shell = shell
         if history is None:
                 self.history = FrontEndHistory(input_cache=[''])
         else:
             self.history = history
         
     
     def input_prompt(self, number=''):
         """Returns the current input prompt
         
         It would be great to use ipython1.core.prompts.Prompt1 here
         """
         return self.input_prompt_template.safe_substitute({'number':number})
     
     
     def continuation_prompt(self):
         """Returns the current continuation prompt"""
         
         return self.continuation_prompt_template.safe_substitute()
     
     def output_prompt(self, number=''):
         """Returns the output prompt for result"""
         
         return self.output_prompt_template.safe_substitute({'number':number})
     
     
     def is_complete(self, block):
         """Determine if block is complete.
         
         Parameters
         block : string
         
         Result 
         True if block can be sent to the engine without compile errors.
         False otherwise.
         """
         
         try:
             ast = self.compile_ast(block)
         except:
             return False
         
         lines = block.split('\n')
         return (len(lines)==1 or str(lines[-1])=='')
     
     
     def compile_ast(self, block):
         """Compile block to an AST
         
         Parameters:
             block : str
         
         Result:
             AST
         
         Throws:
             Exception if block cannot be compiled
         """
         
         return compile(block, "<string>", "exec", _ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST)
     
     
     def execute(self, block, blockID=None):
         """Execute the block and return the result.
         
         Parameters:
             block : {str, AST}
             blockID : any
                 Caller may provide an ID to identify this block. 
                 result['blockID'] := blockID
         
         Result:
             Deferred result of self.interpreter.execute
         """
         
         if(not self.is_complete(block)):
             raise Exception("Block is not compilable")
         
         if(blockID == None):
             blockID = uuid.uuid4() #random UUID
         
         try:
             result = self.shell.execute(block)
         except Exception,e:
             e = self._add_block_id_for_failure(e, blockID=blockID)
             e = self.update_cell_prompt(e, blockID=blockID)
             e = self.render_error(e)
         else:
             result = self._add_block_id_for_result(result, blockID=blockID)
             result = self.update_cell_prompt(result, blockID=blockID)
             result = self.render_result(result)
         
         return result
     
     
     def _add_block_id_for_result(self, result, blockID):
         """Add the blockID to result or failure. Unfortunatley, we have to 
         treat failures differently than result dicts.
         """
         
         result['blockID'] = blockID
         
         return result
     
     def _add_block_id_for_failure(self, failure, blockID):
         """_add_block_id_for_failure"""
         failure.blockID = blockID
         return failure
     
     
     def _add_history(self, result, block=None):
         """Add block to the history"""
         
         assert(block != None)
         self.history.add_items([block])
         self.history_cursor += 1
         
         return result
     
     
-    def get_history_previous(self, currentBlock):
+    def get_history_previous(self, current_block):
         """ Returns previous history string and decrement history cursor.
         """
         command = self.history.get_history_item(self.history_cursor - 1)
         
         if command is not None:
-            if(self.history_cursor == len(self.history.input_cache)):
-                self.history.input_cache[self.history_cursor] = currentBlock
+            if(self.history_cursor+1 == len(self.history.input_cache)):
+                self.history.input_cache[self.history_cursor] = current_block
             self.history_cursor -= 1
         return command
     
     
     def get_history_next(self):
         """ Returns next history string and increment history cursor.
         """
         command = self.history.get_history_item(self.history_cursor+1)
         
         if command is not None:
             self.history_cursor += 1
         return command
     
     ###
     # Subclasses probably want to override these methods...
     ###
     
     def update_cell_prompt(self, result, blockID=None):
         """Subclass may override to update the input prompt for a block. 
+
+        This method only really makes sens in asyncrhonous frontend.
         Since this method will be called as a 
         twisted.internet.defer.Deferred's callback, implementations should 
         return result when finished.
         """
         
-        return result
+        raise NotImplementedError
     
     
     def render_result(self, result):
-        """Subclasses must override to render result. Since this method will
-        be called as a twisted.internet.defer.Deferred's callback, 
-        implementations should return result when finished.
-        """
+        """Subclasses must override to render result. 
         
-        return result
-    
-    
-    def render_error(self, failure):
-        """Subclasses must override to render the failure. Since this method 
-        will be called as a twisted.internet.defer.Deferred's callback, 
-        implementations should return result when finished.
+        In asynchronous frontends, this method will be called as a
+        twisted.internet.defer.Deferred's callback. Implementations
+        should thus return result when finished.
         """
         
-        return failure
-    
-
-
-class AsyncFrontEndBase(FrontEndBase):
-    """
-    Overrides FrontEndBase to wrap execute in a deferred result.
-    All callbacks are made as callbacks on the deferred result.
-    """
-    
-    implements(IFrontEnd)
-    classProvides(IFrontEndFactory)
-    
-    def __init__(self, engine=None, history=None):
-        assert(engine==None or IEngineCore.providedBy(engine))
-        self.engine = IEngineCore(engine)
-        if history is None:
-                self.history = FrontEndHistory(input_cache=[''])
-        else:
-            self.history = history
+        raise NotImplementedError
     
     
-    def execute(self, block, blockID=None):
-        """Execute the block and return the deferred result.
-        
-        Parameters:
-            block : {str, AST}
-            blockID : any
-                Caller may provide an ID to identify this block. 
-                result['blockID'] := blockID
+    def render_error(self, failure):
+        """Subclasses must override to render the failure. 
         
-        Result:
-            Deferred result of self.interpreter.execute
+        In asynchronous frontends, this method will be called as a
+        twisted.internet.defer.Deferred's callback. Implementations
+        should thus return result when finished.
         """
         
-        if(not self.is_complete(block)):
-            from twisted.python.failure import Failure
-            return Failure(Exception("Block is not compilable"))
-        
-        if(blockID == None):
-            blockID = uuid.uuid4() #random UUID
-        
-        d = self.engine.execute(block)
-        d.addCallback(self._add_history, block=block)
-        d.addCallback(self._add_block_id_for_result, blockID)
-        d.addErrback(self._add_block_id_for_failure, blockID)
-        d.addBoth(self.update_cell_prompt, blockID=blockID)
-        d.addCallbacks(self.render_result, 
-            errback=self.render_error)
-        
-        return d
-    
+        raise NotImplementedError
 

IPython/frontend/tests/test_frontendbase.py

@@ -1,151 +1,152 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 
 """This file contains unittests for the frontendbase module."""
 
 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
 
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team                         
 #                                                                           
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in  
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.                  
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                             
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports                                                                   
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import unittest
-from IPython.frontend import frontendbase
+from IPython.frontend.asyncfrontendbase import AsyncFrontEndBase
+from IPython.frontend import frontendbase 
 from IPython.kernel.engineservice import EngineService
 
-class FrontEndCallbackChecker(frontendbase.AsyncFrontEndBase):
+class FrontEndCallbackChecker(AsyncFrontEndBase):
     """FrontEndBase subclass for checking callbacks"""
     def __init__(self, engine=None, history=None):
         super(FrontEndCallbackChecker, self).__init__(engine=engine, 
                                                     history=history)
         self.updateCalled = False
         self.renderResultCalled = False
         self.renderErrorCalled = False
     
     def update_cell_prompt(self, result, blockID=None):
         self.updateCalled = True
         return result
     
     def render_result(self, result):
         self.renderResultCalled = True
         return result
     
     
     def render_error(self, failure):
         self.renderErrorCalled = True
         return failure
     
 
 
     
 class TestAsyncFrontendBase(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         """Setup the EngineService and FrontEndBase"""
         
         self.fb = FrontEndCallbackChecker(engine=EngineService())
     
     
     def test_implements_IFrontEnd(self):
         assert(frontendbase.IFrontEnd.implementedBy(
-                                    frontendbase.AsyncFrontEndBase))
+                                    AsyncFrontEndBase))
     
     
     def test_is_complete_returns_False_for_incomplete_block(self):
         """"""
         
         block = """def test(a):"""
         
         assert(self.fb.is_complete(block) == False)
     
     def test_is_complete_returns_True_for_complete_block(self):
         """"""
         
         block = """def test(a): pass"""
             
         assert(self.fb.is_complete(block))
         
         block = """a=3"""
         
         assert(self.fb.is_complete(block))
     
     
     def test_blockID_added_to_result(self):
         block = """3+3"""
         
         d = self.fb.execute(block, blockID='TEST_ID')
         
         d.addCallback(self.checkBlockID, expected='TEST_ID')
     
     def test_blockID_added_to_failure(self):
         block = "raise Exception()"
         
         d = self.fb.execute(block,blockID='TEST_ID')
         d.addErrback(self.checkFailureID, expected='TEST_ID')
     
     def checkBlockID(self, result, expected=""):
         assert(result['blockID'] == expected)
     
     
     def checkFailureID(self, failure, expected=""):
         assert(failure.blockID == expected)
     
     
     def test_callbacks_added_to_execute(self):
         """test that
         update_cell_prompt
         render_result
         
         are added to execute request
         """
         
         d = self.fb.execute("10+10")
         d.addCallback(self.checkCallbacks)
     
     
     def checkCallbacks(self, result):
         assert(self.fb.updateCalled)
         assert(self.fb.renderResultCalled)
     
     
     def test_error_callback_added_to_execute(self):
         """test that render_error called on execution error"""
         
         d = self.fb.execute("raise Exception()")
         d.addCallback(self.checkRenderError)
     
     def checkRenderError(self, result):
         assert(self.fb.renderErrorCalled)
     
     def test_history_returns_expected_block(self):
         """Make sure history browsing doesn't fail"""
         
         blocks = ["a=1","a=2","a=3"]
         for b in blocks:
             d = self.fb.execute(b)
         
         # d is now the deferred for the last executed block
         d.addCallback(self.historyTests, blocks)
         
     
     def historyTests(self, result, blocks):
         """historyTests"""
         
         assert(len(blocks) >= 3)
         assert(self.fb.get_history_previous("") == blocks[-2])
         assert(self.fb.get_history_previous("") == blocks[-3])
         assert(self.fb.get_history_next() == blocks[-2])
     
     
     def test_history_returns_none_at_startup(self):
         """test_history_returns_none_at_startup"""
         
         assert(self.fb.get_history_previous("")==None)
         assert(self.fb.get_history_next()==None)
     
     

IPython/iplib.py

@@ -1,2681 +1,2686 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """
 IPython -- An enhanced Interactive Python
 
 Requires Python 2.3 or newer.
 
 This file contains all the classes and helper functions specific to IPython.
 
 """
 
 #*****************************************************************************
 #       Copyright (C) 2001 Janko Hauser <[e-mail]> and
 #       Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Fernando Perez. <[e-mail]>
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #
 # Note: this code originally subclassed code.InteractiveConsole from the
 # Python standard library.  Over time, all of that class has been copied
 # verbatim here for modifications which could not be accomplished by
 # subclassing.  At this point, there are no dependencies at all on the code
 # module anymore (it is not even imported).  The Python License (sec. 2)
 # allows for this, but it's always nice to acknowledge credit where credit is
 # due.
 #*****************************************************************************
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Modules and globals
 
 from IPython import Release
 __author__  = '%s <%s>\n%s <%s>' % \
               ( Release.authors['Janko'] + Release.authors['Fernando'] )
 __license__ = Release.license
 __version__ = Release.version
 
 # Python standard modules
 import __main__
 import __builtin__
 import StringIO
 import bdb
 import cPickle as pickle
 import codeop
 import exceptions
 import glob
 import inspect
 import keyword
 import new
 import os
 import pydoc
 import re
 import shutil
 import string
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import traceback
 import types
 import warnings
 warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', r'.*sets module*')
 from sets import Set
 from pprint import pprint, pformat
 
 # IPython's own modules
 #import IPython
 from IPython import Debugger,OInspect,PyColorize,ultraTB
 from IPython.ColorANSI import ColorScheme,ColorSchemeTable  # too long names
 from IPython.Extensions import pickleshare
 from IPython.FakeModule import FakeModule
 from IPython.Itpl import Itpl,itpl,printpl,ItplNS,itplns
 from IPython.Logger import Logger
 from IPython.Magic import Magic
 from IPython.Prompts import CachedOutput
 from IPython.ipstruct import Struct
 from IPython.background_jobs import BackgroundJobManager
 from IPython.usage import cmd_line_usage,interactive_usage
 from IPython.genutils import *
 from IPython.strdispatch import StrDispatch
 import IPython.ipapi
 import IPython.history
 import IPython.prefilter as prefilter
 import IPython.shadowns
 # Globals
 
 # store the builtin raw_input globally, and use this always, in case user code
 # overwrites it (like wx.py.PyShell does)
 raw_input_original = raw_input
 
 # compiled regexps for autoindent management
 dedent_re = re.compile(r'^\s+raise|^\s+return|^\s+pass')
 
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Some utility function definitions
 
 ini_spaces_re = re.compile(r'^(\s+)')
 
 def num_ini_spaces(strng):
     """Return the number of initial spaces in a string"""
 
     ini_spaces = ini_spaces_re.match(strng)
     if ini_spaces:
         return ini_spaces.end()
     else:
         return 0
 
 def softspace(file, newvalue):
     """Copied from code.py, to remove the dependency"""
 
     oldvalue = 0
     try:
         oldvalue = file.softspace
     except AttributeError:
         pass
     try:
         file.softspace = newvalue
     except (AttributeError, TypeError):
         # "attribute-less object" or "read-only attributes"
         pass
     return oldvalue
 
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Local use exceptions
 class SpaceInInput(exceptions.Exception): pass
 
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Local use classes
 class Bunch: pass
 
 class Undefined: pass
 
 class Quitter(object):
     """Simple class to handle exit, similar to Python 2.5's.
 
     It handles exiting in an ipython-safe manner, which the one in Python 2.5
     doesn't do (obviously, since it doesn't know about ipython)."""
     
     def __init__(self,shell,name):
         self.shell = shell
         self.name = name
         
     def __repr__(self):
         return 'Type %s() to exit.' % self.name
     __str__ = __repr__
 
     def __call__(self):
         self.shell.exit()
 
 class InputList(list):
     """Class to store user input.
 
     It's basically a list, but slices return a string instead of a list, thus
     allowing things like (assuming 'In' is an instance):
 
     exec In[4:7]
 
     or
 
     exec In[5:9] + In[14] + In[21:25]"""
 
     def __getslice__(self,i,j):
         return ''.join(list.__getslice__(self,i,j))
 
 class SyntaxTB(ultraTB.ListTB):
     """Extension which holds some state: the last exception value"""
 
     def __init__(self,color_scheme = 'NoColor'):
         ultraTB.ListTB.__init__(self,color_scheme)
         self.last_syntax_error = None
 
     def __call__(self, etype, value, elist):
         self.last_syntax_error = value
         ultraTB.ListTB.__call__(self,etype,value,elist)
 
     def clear_err_state(self):
         """Return the current error state and clear it"""
         e = self.last_syntax_error
         self.last_syntax_error = None
         return e
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Main IPython class
 
 # FIXME: the Magic class is a mixin for now, and will unfortunately remain so
 # until a full rewrite is made.  I've cleaned all cross-class uses of
 # attributes and methods, but too much user code out there relies on the
 # equlity %foo == __IP.magic_foo, so I can't actually remove the mixin usage.
 #
 # But at least now, all the pieces have been separated and we could, in
 # principle, stop using the mixin.  This will ease the transition to the
 # chainsaw branch.
 
 # For reference, the following is the list of 'self.foo' uses in the Magic
 # class as of 2005-12-28.  These are names we CAN'T use in the main ipython
 # class, to prevent clashes.
 
 # ['self.__class__', 'self.__dict__', 'self._inspect', 'self._ofind',
 #  'self.arg_err', 'self.extract_input', 'self.format_', 'self.lsmagic',
 #  'self.magic_', 'self.options_table', 'self.parse', 'self.shell',
 #  'self.value']
 
 class InteractiveShell(object,Magic):
     """An enhanced console for Python."""
 
     # class attribute to indicate whether the class supports threads or not.
     # Subclasses with thread support should override this as needed.
     isthreaded = False
 
     def __init__(self,name,usage=None,rc=Struct(opts=None,args=None),
                  user_ns=None,user_global_ns=None,banner2='',
                  custom_exceptions=((),None),embedded=False):
 
         # log system
         self.logger = Logger(self,logfname='ipython_log.py',logmode='rotate')
             
         # Job manager (for jobs run as background threads)
         self.jobs = BackgroundJobManager()
 
         # Store the actual shell's name
         self.name = name
         self.more = False
 
         # We need to know whether the instance is meant for embedding, since
         # global/local namespaces need to be handled differently in that case
         self.embedded = embedded
         if embedded:
             # Control variable so users can, from within the embedded instance,
             # permanently deactivate it.
             self.embedded_active = True
 
         # command compiler
         self.compile = codeop.CommandCompiler()
 
         # User input buffer
         self.buffer = []
 
         # Default name given in compilation of code
         self.filename = '<ipython console>'
 
         # Install our own quitter instead of the builtins.  For python2.3-2.4,
         # this brings in behavior like 2.5, and for 2.5 it's identical.
         __builtin__.exit = Quitter(self,'exit')
         __builtin__.quit = Quitter(self,'quit')
         
         # Make an empty namespace, which extension writers can rely on both
         # existing and NEVER being used by ipython itself.  This gives them a
         # convenient location for storing additional information and state
         # their extensions may require, without fear of collisions with other
         # ipython names that may develop later.
         self.meta = Struct()
 
         # Create the namespace where the user will operate.  user_ns is
         # normally the only one used, and it is passed to the exec calls as
         # the locals argument.  But we do carry a user_global_ns namespace
         # given as the exec 'globals' argument,  This is useful in embedding
         # situations where the ipython shell opens in a context where the
         # distinction between locals and globals is meaningful.  For
         # non-embedded contexts, it is just the same object as the user_ns dict.
 
         # FIXME. For some strange reason, __builtins__ is showing up at user
         # level as a dict instead of a module. This is a manual fix, but I
         # should really track down where the problem is coming from. Alex
         # Schmolck reported this problem first.
 
         # A useful post by Alex Martelli on this topic:
         # Re: inconsistent value from __builtins__
         # Von: Alex Martelli <[e-mail]>
         # Datum: Freitag 01 Oktober 2004 04:45:34 nachmittags/abends
         # Gruppen: comp.lang.python
 
         # Michael Hohn <[e-mail]> wrote:
         # > >>> print type(builtin_check.get_global_binding('__builtins__'))
         # > <type 'dict'>
         # > >>> print type(__builtins__)
         # > <type 'module'>
         # > Is this difference in return value intentional?
 
         # Well, it's documented that '__builtins__' can be either a dictionary
         # or a module, and it's been that way for a long time. Whether it's
         # intentional (or sensible), I don't know. In any case, the idea is
         # that if you need to access the built-in namespace directly, you
         # should start with "import __builtin__" (note, no 's') which will
         # definitely give you a module. Yeah, it's somewhat confusing:-(.
 
         # These routines return properly built dicts as needed by the rest of
         # the code, and can also be used by extension writers to generate
         # properly initialized namespaces.
         user_ns, user_global_ns = IPython.ipapi.make_user_namespaces(user_ns,
             user_global_ns)
 
         # Assign namespaces
         # This is the namespace where all normal user variables live
         self.user_ns = user_ns
         self.user_global_ns = user_global_ns
         # A namespace to keep track of internal data structures to prevent
         # them from cluttering user-visible stuff.  Will be updated later
         self.internal_ns = {}
 
         # Namespace of system aliases.  Each entry in the alias
         # table must be a 2-tuple of the form (N,name), where N is the number
         # of positional arguments of the alias.
         self.alias_table = {}
 
         # A table holding all the namespaces IPython deals with, so that
         # introspection facilities can search easily.
         self.ns_table = {'user':user_ns,
                          'user_global':user_global_ns,
                          'alias':self.alias_table,
                          'internal':self.internal_ns,
                          'builtin':__builtin__.__dict__
                          }
         # The user namespace MUST have a pointer to the shell itself.
         self.user_ns[name] = self
 
         # We need to insert into sys.modules something that looks like a
         # module but which accesses the IPython namespace, for shelve and
         # pickle to work interactively. Normally they rely on getting
         # everything out of __main__, but for embedding purposes each IPython
         # instance has its own private namespace, so we can't go shoving
         # everything into __main__.
 
         # note, however, that we should only do this for non-embedded
         # ipythons, which really mimic the __main__.__dict__ with their own
         # namespace.  Embedded instances, on the other hand, should not do
         # this because they need to manage the user local/global namespaces
         # only, but they live within a 'normal' __main__ (meaning, they
         # shouldn't overtake the execution environment of the script they're
         # embedded in).
 
         if not embedded:
             try:
                 main_name = self.user_ns['__name__']
             except KeyError:
                 raise KeyError,'user_ns dictionary MUST have a "__name__" key'
             else:
                 #print "pickle hack in place"  # dbg
                 #print 'main_name:',main_name # dbg
                 sys.modules[main_name] = FakeModule(self.user_ns)
 
         # Now that FakeModule produces a real module, we've run into a nasty
         # problem: after script execution (via %run), the module where the user
         # code ran is deleted.  Now that this object is a true module (needed
         # so docetst and other tools work correctly), the Python module
         # teardown mechanism runs over it, and sets to None every variable
         # present in that module.  This means that later calls to functions
         # defined in the script (which have become interactively visible after
         # script exit) fail, because they hold references to objects that have
         # become overwritten into None.  The only solution I see right now is
         # to protect every FakeModule used by %run by holding an internal
         # reference to it.  This private list will be used for that.  The
         # %reset command will flush it as well.
         self._user_main_modules = []
 
         # List of input with multi-line handling.
         # Fill its zero entry, user counter starts at 1
         self.input_hist = InputList(['\n'])
         # This one will hold the 'raw' input history, without any
         # pre-processing.  This will allow users to retrieve the input just as
         # it was exactly typed in by the user, with %hist -r.
         self.input_hist_raw = InputList(['\n'])
 
         # list of visited directories
         try:
             self.dir_hist = [os.getcwd()]
         except OSError:
             self.dir_hist = []
 
         # dict of output history
         self.output_hist = {}
 
         # Get system encoding at startup time.  Certain terminals (like Emacs
         # under Win32 have it set to None, and we need to have a known valid
         # encoding to use in the raw_input() method
         try:
             self.stdin_encoding = sys.stdin.encoding or 'ascii'
         except AttributeError:
             self.stdin_encoding = 'ascii'
 
         # dict of things NOT to alias (keywords, builtins and some magics)
         no_alias = {}
         no_alias_magics = ['cd','popd','pushd','dhist','alias','unalias']
         for key in keyword.kwlist + no_alias_magics:
             no_alias[key] = 1
         no_alias.update(__builtin__.__dict__)
         self.no_alias = no_alias
                 
         # make global variables for user access to these
         self.user_ns['_ih'] = self.input_hist
         self.user_ns['_oh'] = self.output_hist
         self.user_ns['_dh'] = self.dir_hist
 
         # user aliases to input and output histories
         self.user_ns['In']  = self.input_hist
         self.user_ns['Out'] = self.output_hist
 
         self.user_ns['_sh'] = IPython.shadowns
         # Object variable to store code object waiting execution.  This is
         # used mainly by the multithreaded shells, but it can come in handy in
         # other situations.  No need to use a Queue here, since it's a single
         # item which gets cleared once run.
         self.code_to_run = None
         
         # escapes for automatic behavior on the command line
         self.ESC_SHELL  = '!'
         self.ESC_SH_CAP = '!!'
         self.ESC_HELP   = '?'
         self.ESC_MAGIC  = '%'
         self.ESC_QUOTE  = ','
         self.ESC_QUOTE2 = ';'
         self.ESC_PAREN  = '/'
 
         # And their associated handlers
         self.esc_handlers = {self.ESC_PAREN  : self.handle_auto,
                              self.ESC_QUOTE  : self.handle_auto,
                              self.ESC_QUOTE2 : self.handle_auto,
                              self.ESC_MAGIC  : self.handle_magic,
                              self.ESC_HELP   : self.handle_help,
                              self.ESC_SHELL  : self.handle_shell_escape,
                              self.ESC_SH_CAP : self.handle_shell_escape,
                              }
 
         # class initializations
         Magic.__init__(self,self)
 
         # Python source parser/formatter for syntax highlighting
         pyformat = PyColorize.Parser().format
         self.pycolorize = lambda src: pyformat(src,'str',self.rc['colors'])
 
         # hooks holds pointers used for user-side customizations
         self.hooks = Struct()
         
         self.strdispatchers = {}
         
         # Set all default hooks, defined in the IPython.hooks module.
         hooks = IPython.hooks
         for hook_name in hooks.__all__:
             # default hooks have priority 100, i.e. low; user hooks should have
             # 0-100 priority
             self.set_hook(hook_name,getattr(hooks,hook_name), 100)
             #print "bound hook",hook_name
 
         # Flag to mark unconditional exit
         self.exit_now = False
 
         self.usage_min =  """\
         An enhanced console for Python.
         Some of its features are:
         - Readline support if the readline library is present.
         - Tab completion in the local namespace.
         - Logging of input, see command-line options.
         - System shell escape via ! , eg !ls.
         - Magic commands, starting with a % (like %ls, %pwd, %cd, etc.)
         - Keeps track of locally defined variables via %who, %whos.
         - Show object information with a ? eg ?x or x? (use ?? for more info).
         """
         if usage: self.usage = usage
         else: self.usage = self.usage_min
 
         # Storage
         self.rc = rc   # This will hold all configuration information
         self.pager = 'less'
         # temporary files used for various purposes.  Deleted at exit.
         self.tempfiles = []
 
         # Keep track of readline usage (later set by init_readline)
         self.has_readline = False
 
         # template for logfile headers.  It gets resolved at runtime by the
         # logstart method.
         self.loghead_tpl = \
 """#log# Automatic Logger file. *** THIS MUST BE THE FIRST LINE ***
 #log# DO NOT CHANGE THIS LINE OR THE TWO BELOW
 #log# opts = %s
 #log# args = %s
 #log# It is safe to make manual edits below here.
 #log#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 """
         # for pushd/popd management
         try:
             self.home_dir = get_home_dir()
         except HomeDirError,msg:
             fatal(msg)
 
         self.dir_stack = []
 
         # Functions to call the underlying shell.
 
         # The first is similar to os.system, but it doesn't return a value,
         # and it allows interpolation of variables in the user's namespace.
         self.system = lambda cmd: \
                       self.hooks.shell_hook(self.var_expand(cmd,depth=2))
 
         # These are for getoutput and getoutputerror:
         self.getoutput = lambda cmd: \
                          getoutput(self.var_expand(cmd,depth=2),
                                    header=self.rc.system_header,
                                    verbose=self.rc.system_verbose)
 
         self.getoutputerror = lambda cmd: \
                               getoutputerror(self.var_expand(cmd,depth=2),
                                              header=self.rc.system_header,
                                              verbose=self.rc.system_verbose)
  
 
         # keep track of where we started running (mainly for crash post-mortem)
         self.starting_dir = os.getcwd()
 
         # Various switches which can be set
         self.CACHELENGTH = 5000  # this is cheap, it's just text
         self.BANNER = "Python %(version)s on %(platform)s\n" % sys.__dict__
         self.banner2 = banner2
 
         # TraceBack handlers:
 
         # Syntax error handler.
         self.SyntaxTB = SyntaxTB(color_scheme='NoColor')
         
         # The interactive one is initialized with an offset, meaning we always
         # want to remove the topmost item in the traceback, which is our own
         # internal code. Valid modes: ['Plain','Context','Verbose']
         self.InteractiveTB = ultraTB.AutoFormattedTB(mode = 'Plain',
                                                      color_scheme='NoColor',
                                                      tb_offset = 1)
 
         # IPython itself shouldn't crash. This will produce a detailed
         # post-mortem if it does.  But we only install the crash handler for
         # non-threaded shells, the threaded ones use a normal verbose reporter
         # and lose the crash handler.  This is because exceptions in the main
         # thread (such as in GUI code) propagate directly to sys.excepthook,
         # and there's no point in printing crash dumps for every user exception.
         if self.isthreaded:
             ipCrashHandler = ultraTB.FormattedTB()
         else:
             from IPython import CrashHandler
             ipCrashHandler = CrashHandler.IPythonCrashHandler(self)
         self.set_crash_handler(ipCrashHandler)
 
         # and add any custom exception handlers the user may have specified
         self.set_custom_exc(*custom_exceptions)
 
         # indentation management
         self.autoindent = False
         self.indent_current_nsp = 0
 
         # Make some aliases automatically
         # Prepare list of shell aliases to auto-define
         if os.name == 'posix':
             auto_alias = ('mkdir mkdir', 'rmdir rmdir',
                           'mv mv -i','rm rm -i','cp cp -i',
                           'cat cat','less less','clear clear',
                           # a better ls
                           'ls ls -F',
                           # long ls
                           'll ls -lF')
             # Extra ls aliases with color, which need special treatment on BSD
             # variants
             ls_extra = ( # color ls
                          'lc ls -F -o --color',
                          # ls normal files only
                          'lf ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^-',
                          # ls symbolic links
                          'lk ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^l',
                          # directories or links to directories,
                          'ldir ls -F -o --color %l | grep /$',
                          # things which are executable
                          'lx ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^-..x',
                          )
             # The BSDs don't ship GNU ls, so they don't understand the
             # --color switch out of the box
             if 'bsd' in sys.platform:
                 ls_extra = ( # ls normal files only
                              'lf ls -lF | grep ^-',
                              # ls symbolic links
                              'lk ls -lF | grep ^l',
                              # directories or links to directories,
                              'ldir ls -lF | grep /$',
                              # things which are executable
                              'lx ls -lF | grep ^-..x',
                              )
             auto_alias = auto_alias + ls_extra
         elif os.name in ['nt','dos']:
             auto_alias = ('ls dir /on',
                           'ddir dir /ad /on', 'ldir dir /ad /on',
                           'mkdir mkdir','rmdir rmdir','echo echo',
                           'ren ren','cls cls','copy copy')
         else:
             auto_alias = ()
         self.auto_alias = [s.split(None,1) for s in auto_alias]
 
         
         # Produce a public API instance
         self.api = IPython.ipapi.IPApi(self)
 
         # Call the actual (public) initializer
         self.init_auto_alias()
 
         # track which builtins we add, so we can clean up later
         self.builtins_added = {}
         # This method will add the necessary builtins for operation, but
         # tracking what it did via the builtins_added dict.
         
         #TODO: remove this, redundant
         self.add_builtins()
 
         
         
 
     # end __init__
 
     def var_expand(self,cmd,depth=0):
         """Expand python variables in a string.
 
         The depth argument indicates how many frames above the caller should
         be walked to look for the local namespace where to expand variables.
 
         The global namespace for expansion is always the user's interactive
         namespace.
         """
 
         return str(ItplNS(cmd,
                           self.user_ns,  # globals
                           # Skip our own frame in searching for locals:
                           sys._getframe(depth+1).f_locals # locals
                           ))
 
     def pre_config_initialization(self):
         """Pre-configuration init method
 
         This is called before the configuration files are processed to
         prepare the services the config files might need.
         
         self.rc already has reasonable default values at this point.
         """
         rc = self.rc
         try:
             self.db = pickleshare.PickleShareDB(rc.ipythondir + "/db")            
         except exceptions.UnicodeDecodeError:
             print "Your ipythondir can't be decoded to unicode!"
             print "Please set HOME environment variable to something that"
             print r"only has ASCII characters, e.g. c:\home"
             print "Now it is",rc.ipythondir
             sys.exit()
         self.shadowhist = IPython.history.ShadowHist(self.db)            
             
     
     def post_config_initialization(self):
         """Post configuration init method
 
         This is called after the configuration files have been processed to
         'finalize' the initialization."""
 
         rc = self.rc
 
         # Object inspector
         self.inspector = OInspect.Inspector(OInspect.InspectColors,
                                             PyColorize.ANSICodeColors,
                                             'NoColor',
                                             rc.object_info_string_level)
         
         self.rl_next_input = None
         self.rl_do_indent = False
         # Load readline proper
         if rc.readline:
             self.init_readline()
 
         
         # local shortcut, this is used a LOT
         self.log = self.logger.log
 
         # Initialize cache, set in/out prompts and printing system
         self.outputcache = CachedOutput(self,
                                         rc.cache_size,
                                         rc.pprint,
                                         input_sep = rc.separate_in,
                                         output_sep = rc.separate_out,
                                         output_sep2 = rc.separate_out2,
                                         ps1 = rc.prompt_in1,
                                         ps2 = rc.prompt_in2,
                                         ps_out = rc.prompt_out,
                                         pad_left = rc.prompts_pad_left)
 
         # user may have over-ridden the default print hook:
         try:
             self.outputcache.__class__.display = self.hooks.display
         except AttributeError:
             pass
 
         # I don't like assigning globally to sys, because it means when
         # embedding instances, each embedded instance overrides the previous
         # choice. But sys.displayhook seems to be called internally by exec,
         # so I don't see a way around it.  We first save the original and then
         # overwrite it.
         self.sys_displayhook = sys.displayhook
         sys.displayhook = self.outputcache
 
         # Do a proper resetting of doctest, including the necessary displayhook
         # monkeypatching
         try:
             doctest_reload()
         except ImportError:
             warn("doctest module does not exist.")
         
         # Set user colors (don't do it in the constructor above so that it
         # doesn't crash if colors option is invalid)
         self.magic_colors(rc.colors)
 
         # Set calling of pdb on exceptions
         self.call_pdb = rc.pdb
 
         # Load user aliases
         for alias in rc.alias:
             self.magic_alias(alias)
         
         self.hooks.late_startup_hook()
         
         for cmd in self.rc.autoexec:
             #print "autoexec>",cmd #dbg
             self.api.runlines(cmd)
             
         batchrun = False
         for batchfile in [path(arg) for arg in self.rc.args 
             if arg.lower().endswith('.ipy')]:
             if not batchfile.isfile():
                 print "No such batch file:", batchfile
                 continue
             self.api.runlines(batchfile.text())
             batchrun = True
         # without -i option, exit after running the batch file
         if batchrun and not self.rc.interact:
-            self.exit_now = True            
+            self.ask_exit()            
 
     def add_builtins(self):
         """Store ipython references into the builtin namespace.
 
         Some parts of ipython operate via builtins injected here, which hold a
         reference to IPython itself."""
 
         # TODO: deprecate all of these, they are unsafe
         builtins_new  = dict(__IPYTHON__ = self,
              ip_set_hook = self.set_hook, 
              jobs = self.jobs,
              ipmagic = wrap_deprecated(self.ipmagic,'_ip.magic()'),  
              ipalias = wrap_deprecated(self.ipalias),  
              ipsystem = wrap_deprecated(self.ipsystem,'_ip.system()'),
              #_ip = self.api
              )
         for biname,bival in builtins_new.items():
             try:
                 # store the orignal value so we can restore it
                 self.builtins_added[biname] =  __builtin__.__dict__[biname]
             except KeyError:
                 # or mark that it wasn't defined, and we'll just delete it at
                 # cleanup
                 self.builtins_added[biname] = Undefined
             __builtin__.__dict__[biname] = bival
             
         # Keep in the builtins a flag for when IPython is active.  We set it
         # with setdefault so that multiple nested IPythons don't clobber one
         # another.  Each will increase its value by one upon being activated,
         # which also gives us a way to determine the nesting level.
         __builtin__.__dict__.setdefault('__IPYTHON__active',0)
 
     def clean_builtins(self):
         """Remove any builtins which might have been added by add_builtins, or
         restore overwritten ones to their previous values."""
         for biname,bival in self.builtins_added.items():
             if bival is Undefined:
                 del __builtin__.__dict__[biname]
             else:
                 __builtin__.__dict__[biname] = bival
         self.builtins_added.clear()
     
     def set_hook(self,name,hook, priority = 50, str_key = None, re_key = None):
         """set_hook(name,hook) -> sets an internal IPython hook.
 
         IPython exposes some of its internal API as user-modifiable hooks.  By
         adding your function to one of these hooks, you can modify IPython's 
         behavior to call at runtime your own routines."""
 
         # At some point in the future, this should validate the hook before it
         # accepts it.  Probably at least check that the hook takes the number
         # of args it's supposed to.
         
         f = new.instancemethod(hook,self,self.__class__)
 
         # check if the hook is for strdispatcher first
         if str_key is not None:
             sdp = self.strdispatchers.get(name, StrDispatch())
             sdp.add_s(str_key, f, priority )
             self.strdispatchers[name] = sdp
             return
         if re_key is not None:
             sdp = self.strdispatchers.get(name, StrDispatch())
             sdp.add_re(re.compile(re_key), f, priority )
             self.strdispatchers[name] = sdp
             return
             
         dp = getattr(self.hooks, name, None)
         if name not in IPython.hooks.__all__:
             print "Warning! Hook '%s' is not one of %s" % (name, IPython.hooks.__all__ )
         if not dp:
             dp = IPython.hooks.CommandChainDispatcher()
         
         try:
             dp.add(f,priority)
         except AttributeError:
             # it was not commandchain, plain old func - replace
             dp = f
 
         setattr(self.hooks,name, dp)
         
         
         #setattr(self.hooks,name,new.instancemethod(hook,self,self.__class__))
 
     def set_crash_handler(self,crashHandler):
         """Set the IPython crash handler.
 
         This must be a callable with a signature suitable for use as
         sys.excepthook."""
 
         # Install the given crash handler as the Python exception hook
         sys.excepthook = crashHandler
         
         # The instance will store a pointer to this, so that runtime code
         # (such as magics) can access it.  This is because during the
         # read-eval loop, it gets temporarily overwritten (to deal with GUI
         # frameworks).
         self.sys_excepthook = sys.excepthook
 
 
     def set_custom_exc(self,exc_tuple,handler):
         """set_custom_exc(exc_tuple,handler)
 
         Set a custom exception handler, which will be called if any of the
         exceptions in exc_tuple occur in the mainloop (specifically, in the
         runcode() method.
 
         Inputs:
 
           - exc_tuple: a *tuple* of valid exceptions to call the defined
           handler for.  It is very important that you use a tuple, and NOT A
           LIST here, because of the way Python's except statement works.  If
           you only want to trap a single exception, use a singleton tuple:
 
             exc_tuple == (MyCustomException,)
 
           - handler: this must be defined as a function with the following
           basic interface: def my_handler(self,etype,value,tb).
 
           This will be made into an instance method (via new.instancemethod)
           of IPython itself, and it will be called if any of the exceptions
           listed in the exc_tuple are caught.  If the handler is None, an
           internal basic one is used, which just prints basic info.
 
         WARNING: by putting in your own exception handler into IPython's main
         execution loop, you run a very good chance of nasty crashes.  This
         facility should only be used if you really know what you are doing."""
 
         assert type(exc_tuple)==type(()) , \
                "The custom exceptions must be given AS A TUPLE."
 
         def dummy_handler(self,etype,value,tb):
             print '*** Simple custom exception handler ***'
             print 'Exception type :',etype
             print 'Exception value:',value
             print 'Traceback      :',tb
             print 'Source code    :','\n'.join(self.buffer)
 
         if handler is None: handler = dummy_handler
 
         self.CustomTB = new.instancemethod(handler,self,self.__class__)
         self.custom_exceptions = exc_tuple
 
     def set_custom_completer(self,completer,pos=0):
         """set_custom_completer(completer,pos=0)
 
         Adds a new custom completer function.
 
         The position argument (defaults to 0) is the index in the completers
         list where you want the completer to be inserted."""
 
         newcomp = new.instancemethod(completer,self.Completer,
                                      self.Completer.__class__)
         self.Completer.matchers.insert(pos,newcomp)
 
     def set_completer(self):
         """reset readline's completer to be our own."""
         self.readline.set_completer(self.Completer.complete)
         
     def _get_call_pdb(self):
         return self._call_pdb
 
     def _set_call_pdb(self,val):
 
         if val not in (0,1,False,True):
             raise ValueError,'new call_pdb value must be boolean'
 
         # store value in instance
         self._call_pdb = val
 
         # notify the actual exception handlers
         self.InteractiveTB.call_pdb = val
         if self.isthreaded:
             try:
                 self.sys_excepthook.call_pdb = val
             except:
                 warn('Failed to activate pdb for threaded exception handler')
 
     call_pdb = property(_get_call_pdb,_set_call_pdb,None,
                         'Control auto-activation of pdb at exceptions')
  
 
     # These special functions get installed in the builtin namespace, to
     # provide programmatic (pure python) access to magics, aliases and system
     # calls.  This is important for logging, user scripting, and more.
 
     # We are basically exposing, via normal python functions, the three
     # mechanisms in which ipython offers special call modes (magics for
     # internal control, aliases for direct system access via pre-selected
     # names, and !cmd for calling arbitrary system commands).
 
     def ipmagic(self,arg_s):
         """Call a magic function by name.
 
         Input: a string containing the name of the magic function to call and any
         additional arguments to be passed to the magic.
 
         ipmagic('name -opt foo bar') is equivalent to typing at the ipython
         prompt:
 
         In[1]: %name -opt foo bar
 
         To call a magic without arguments, simply use ipmagic('name').
 
         This provides a proper Python function to call IPython's magics in any
         valid Python code you can type at the interpreter, including loops and
         compound statements.  It is added by IPython to the Python builtin
         namespace upon initialization."""
 
         args = arg_s.split(' ',1)
         magic_name = args[0]
         magic_name = magic_name.lstrip(self.ESC_MAGIC)
 
         try:
             magic_args = args[1]
         except IndexError:
             magic_args = ''
         fn = getattr(self,'magic_'+magic_name,None)
         if fn is None:
             error("Magic function `%s` not found." % magic_name)
         else:
             magic_args = self.var_expand(magic_args,1)
             return fn(magic_args)
 
     def ipalias(self,arg_s):
         """Call an alias by name.
 
         Input: a string containing the name of the alias to call and any
         additional arguments to be passed to the magic.
 
         ipalias('name -opt foo bar') is equivalent to typing at the ipython
         prompt:
 
         In[1]: name -opt foo bar
 
         To call an alias without arguments, simply use ipalias('name').
 
         This provides a proper Python function to call IPython's aliases in any
         valid Python code you can type at the interpreter, including loops and
         compound statements.  It is added by IPython to the Python builtin
         namespace upon initialization."""
 
         args = arg_s.split(' ',1)
         alias_name = args[0]
         try:
             alias_args = args[1]
         except IndexError:
             alias_args = ''
         if alias_name in self.alias_table:
             self.call_alias(alias_name,alias_args)
         else:
             error("Alias `%s` not found." % alias_name)
 
     def ipsystem(self,arg_s):
         """Make a system call, using IPython."""
 
         self.system(arg_s)
 
     def complete(self,text):
         """Return a sorted list of all possible completions on text.
 
         Inputs:
 
           - text: a string of text to be completed on.
 
         This is a wrapper around the completion mechanism, similar to what
         readline does at the command line when the TAB key is hit.  By
         exposing it as a method, it can be used by other non-readline
         environments (such as GUIs) for text completion.
 
         Simple usage example:
 
         In [7]: x = 'hello'
 
         In [8]: x
         Out[8]: 'hello'
 
         In [9]: print x
         hello
 
         In [10]: _ip.IP.complete('x.l')
         Out[10]: ['x.ljust', 'x.lower', 'x.lstrip'] # randomX
         """
         
         complete = self.Completer.complete
         state = 0
         # use a dict so we get unique keys, since ipyhton's multiple
         # completers can return duplicates.  When we make 2.4 a requirement,
         # start using sets instead, which are faster.
         comps = {}
         while True:
             newcomp = complete(text,state,line_buffer=text)
             if newcomp is None:
                 break
             comps[newcomp] = 1
             state += 1
         outcomps = comps.keys()
         outcomps.sort()
         #print "T:",text,"OC:",outcomps  # dbg
         #print "vars:",self.user_ns.keys()
         return outcomps
         
     def set_completer_frame(self, frame=None):
         if frame:
             self.Completer.namespace = frame.f_locals
             self.Completer.global_namespace = frame.f_globals
         else:
             self.Completer.namespace = self.user_ns
             self.Completer.global_namespace = self.user_global_ns
 
     def init_auto_alias(self):
         """Define some aliases automatically.
 
         These are ALL parameter-less aliases"""
 
         for alias,cmd in self.auto_alias:
             self.getapi().defalias(alias,cmd)
             
 
     def alias_table_validate(self,verbose=0):
         """Update information about the alias table.
 
         In particular, make sure no Python keywords/builtins are in it."""
 
         no_alias = self.no_alias
         for k in self.alias_table.keys():
             if k in no_alias:
                 del self.alias_table[k]
                 if verbose:
                     print ("Deleting alias <%s>, it's a Python "
                            "keyword or builtin." % k)
     
     def set_autoindent(self,value=None):
         """Set the autoindent flag, checking for readline support.
 
         If called with no arguments, it acts as a toggle."""
 
         if not self.has_readline:
             if os.name == 'posix':
                 warn("The auto-indent feature requires the readline library")
             self.autoindent = 0
             return
         if value is None:
             self.autoindent = not self.autoindent
         else:
             self.autoindent = value
 
     def rc_set_toggle(self,rc_field,value=None):
         """Set or toggle a field in IPython's rc config. structure.
 
         If called with no arguments, it acts as a toggle.
 
         If called with a non-existent field, the resulting AttributeError
         exception will propagate out."""
 
         rc_val = getattr(self.rc,rc_field)
         if value is None:
             value = not rc_val
         setattr(self.rc,rc_field,value)
 
     def user_setup(self,ipythondir,rc_suffix,mode='install'):
         """Install the user configuration directory.
 
         Can be called when running for the first time or to upgrade the user's
         .ipython/ directory with the mode parameter. Valid modes are 'install'
         and 'upgrade'."""
 
         def wait():
             try:
                 raw_input("Please press <RETURN> to start IPython.")
             except EOFError:
                 print >> Term.cout
             print '*'*70
 
         cwd = os.getcwd()  # remember where we started
         glb = glob.glob
         print '*'*70
         if mode == 'install':
             print \
 """Welcome to IPython. I will try to create a personal configuration directory
 where you can customize many aspects of IPython's functionality in:\n"""
         else:
             print 'I am going to upgrade your configuration in:'
 
         print ipythondir
 
         rcdirend = os.path.join('IPython','UserConfig')
         cfg = lambda d: os.path.join(d,rcdirend)
         try:
             rcdir = filter(os.path.isdir,map(cfg,sys.path))[0]
             print "Initializing from configuration",rcdir
         except IndexError:
             warning = """
 Installation error. IPython's directory was not found.
 
 Check the following:
 
 The ipython/IPython directory should be in a directory belonging to your
 PYTHONPATH environment variable (that is, it should be in a directory
 belonging to sys.path). You can copy it explicitly there or just link to it.
 
 IPython will create a minimal default configuration for you.
 
 """
             warn(warning)
             wait()
             
             if sys.platform =='win32':
                 inif = 'ipythonrc.ini'
             else:
                 inif = 'ipythonrc'
             minimal_setup = {'ipy_user_conf.py' : 'import ipy_defaults', inif : '# intentionally left blank' }    
             os.makedirs(ipythondir, mode = 0777)
             for f, cont in minimal_setup.items():
                 open(ipythondir + '/' + f,'w').write(cont)
                              
             return
 
         if mode == 'install':
             try:
                 shutil.copytree(rcdir,ipythondir)
                 os.chdir(ipythondir)
                 rc_files = glb("ipythonrc*")
                 for rc_file in rc_files:
                     os.rename(rc_file,rc_file+rc_suffix)
             except:
                 warning = """
 
 There was a problem with the installation:
 %s
 Try to correct it or contact the developers if you think it's a bug.
 IPython will proceed with builtin defaults.""" % sys.exc_info()[1]
                 warn(warning)
                 wait()
                 return
 
         elif mode == 'upgrade':
             try:
                 os.chdir(ipythondir)
             except:
                 print """
 Can not upgrade: changing to directory %s failed. Details:
 %s
 """ % (ipythondir,sys.exc_info()[1])
                 wait()
                 return
             else:
                 sources = glb(os.path.join(rcdir,'[A-Za-z]*'))
                 for new_full_path in sources:
                     new_filename = os.path.basename(new_full_path)
                     if new_filename.startswith('ipythonrc'):
                         new_filename = new_filename + rc_suffix
                     # The config directory should only contain files, skip any
                     # directories which may be there (like CVS)
                     if os.path.isdir(new_full_path):
                         continue
                     if os.path.exists(new_filename):
                         old_file = new_filename+'.old'
                         if os.path.exists(old_file):
                             os.remove(old_file)
                         os.rename(new_filename,old_file)
                     shutil.copy(new_full_path,new_filename)
         else:
             raise ValueError,'unrecognized mode for install:',`mode`
 
         # Fix line-endings to those native to each platform in the config
         # directory.
         try:
             os.chdir(ipythondir)
         except:
             print """
 Problem: changing to directory %s failed.
 Details:
 %s
 
 Some configuration files may have incorrect line endings.  This should not
 cause any problems during execution.  """ % (ipythondir,sys.exc_info()[1])
             wait()
         else:
             for fname in glb('ipythonrc*'):
                 try:
                     native_line_ends(fname,backup=0)
                 except IOError:
                     pass
 
         if mode == 'install':
             print """
 Successful installation!
 
 Please read the sections 'Initial Configuration' and 'Quick Tips' in the
 IPython manual (there are both HTML and PDF versions supplied with the
 distribution) to make sure that your system environment is properly configured
 to take advantage of IPython's features.
 
 Important note: the configuration system has changed! The old system is
 still in place, but its setting may be partly overridden by the settings in 
 "~/.ipython/ipy_user_conf.py" config file. Please take a look at the file 
 if some of the new settings bother you. 
 
 """
         else:
             print """
 Successful upgrade!
 
 All files in your directory:
 %(ipythondir)s
 which would have been overwritten by the upgrade were backed up with a .old
 extension.  If you had made particular customizations in those files you may
 want to merge them back into the new files.""" % locals()
         wait()
         os.chdir(cwd)
         # end user_setup()
 
     def atexit_operations(self):
         """This will be executed at the time of exit.
 
         Saving of persistent data should be performed here. """
 
         #print '*** IPython exit cleanup ***' # dbg
         # input history
         self.savehist()
 
         # Cleanup all tempfiles left around
         for tfile in self.tempfiles:
             try:
                 os.unlink(tfile)
             except OSError:
                 pass
 
         self.hooks.shutdown_hook()
         
     def savehist(self):
         """Save input history to a file (via readline library)."""
 
         if not self.has_readline:
             return
         
         try:
             self.readline.write_history_file(self.histfile)
         except:
             print 'Unable to save IPython command history to file: ' + \
                   `self.histfile`
 
     def reloadhist(self):
         """Reload the input history from disk file."""
 
         if self.has_readline:
             try:
                 self.readline.clear_history()
                 self.readline.read_history_file(self.shell.histfile)
             except AttributeError:
                 pass
             
 
     def history_saving_wrapper(self, func):
         """ Wrap func for readline history saving
         
         Convert func into callable that saves & restores
         history around the call """
         
         if not self.has_readline:
             return func
         
         def wrapper():
             self.savehist()
             try:
                 func()
             finally:
                 readline.read_history_file(self.histfile)
         return wrapper
                 
             
     def pre_readline(self):
         """readline hook to be used at the start of each line.
 
         Currently it handles auto-indent only."""
 
         #debugx('self.indent_current_nsp','pre_readline:')
 
         if self.rl_do_indent:
             self.readline.insert_text(self.indent_current_str())
         if self.rl_next_input is not None:
             self.readline.insert_text(self.rl_next_input)
             self.rl_next_input = None
 
     def init_readline(self):
         """Command history completion/saving/reloading."""
 
 
         import IPython.rlineimpl as readline
                   
         if not readline.have_readline:
             self.has_readline = 0
             self.readline = None
             # no point in bugging windows users with this every time:
             warn('Readline services not available on this platform.')
         else:
             sys.modules['readline'] = readline
             import atexit
             from IPython.completer import IPCompleter
             self.Completer = IPCompleter(self,
                                             self.user_ns,
                                             self.user_global_ns,
                                             self.rc.readline_omit__names,
                                             self.alias_table)
             sdisp = self.strdispatchers.get('complete_command', StrDispatch())
             self.strdispatchers['complete_command'] = sdisp
             self.Completer.custom_completers = sdisp
             # Platform-specific configuration
             if os.name == 'nt':
                 self.readline_startup_hook = readline.set_pre_input_hook
             else:
                 self.readline_startup_hook = readline.set_startup_hook
 
             # Load user's initrc file (readline config)
             # Or if libedit is used, load editrc.
             inputrc_name = os.environ.get('INPUTRC')
             if inputrc_name is None:
                 home_dir = get_home_dir()
                 if home_dir is not None:
                     inputrc_name = '.inputrc'
                     if readline.uses_libedit:
                         inputrc_name = '.editrc'
                     inputrc_name = os.path.join(home_dir, inputrc_name)
             if os.path.isfile(inputrc_name):
                 try:
                     readline.read_init_file(inputrc_name)
                 except:
                     warn('Problems reading readline initialization file <%s>'
                          % inputrc_name)
             
             self.has_readline = 1
             self.readline = readline
             # save this in sys so embedded copies can restore it properly
             sys.ipcompleter = self.Completer.complete
             self.set_completer()
 
             # Configure readline according to user's prefs
             # This is only done if GNU readline is being used.  If libedit
             # is being used (as on Leopard) the readline config is
             # not run as the syntax for libedit is different.
             if not readline.uses_libedit:
                 for rlcommand in self.rc.readline_parse_and_bind:
                     readline.parse_and_bind(rlcommand)
 
             # remove some chars from the delimiters list
             delims = readline.get_completer_delims()
             delims = delims.translate(string._idmap,
                                       self.rc.readline_remove_delims)
             readline.set_completer_delims(delims)
             # otherwise we end up with a monster history after a while:
             readline.set_history_length(1000)
             try:
                 #print '*** Reading readline history'  # dbg
                 readline.read_history_file(self.histfile)
             except IOError:
                 pass  # It doesn't exist yet.
 
             atexit.register(self.atexit_operations)
             del atexit
 
         # Configure auto-indent for all platforms
         self.set_autoindent(self.rc.autoindent)
 
     def ask_yes_no(self,prompt,default=True):
         if self.rc.quiet:
             return True
         return ask_yes_no(prompt,default)
     
     def _should_recompile(self,e):
         """Utility routine for edit_syntax_error"""
 
         if e.filename in ('<ipython console>','<input>','<string>',
                           '<console>','<BackgroundJob compilation>',
                           None):
                               
             return False
         try:
             if (self.rc.autoedit_syntax and 
                 not self.ask_yes_no('Return to editor to correct syntax error? '
                               '[Y/n] ','y')):
                 return False
         except EOFError:
             return False
 
         def int0(x):
             try:
                 return int(x)
             except TypeError:
                 return 0
         # always pass integer line and offset values to editor hook
         self.hooks.fix_error_editor(e.filename,
             int0(e.lineno),int0(e.offset),e.msg)
         return True
         
     def edit_syntax_error(self):
         """The bottom half of the syntax error handler called in the main loop.
 
         Loop until syntax error is fixed or user cancels.
         """
 
         while self.SyntaxTB.last_syntax_error:
             # copy and clear last_syntax_error
             err = self.SyntaxTB.clear_err_state()
             if not self._should_recompile(err):
                 return
             try:
                 # may set last_syntax_error again if a SyntaxError is raised
                 self.safe_execfile(err.filename,self.user_ns)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
             else:
                 try:
                     f = file(err.filename)
                     try:
                         sys.displayhook(f.read())
                     finally:
                         f.close()
                 except:
                     self.showtraceback()
 
     def showsyntaxerror(self, filename=None):
         """Display the syntax error that just occurred.
 
         This doesn't display a stack trace because there isn't one.
 
         If a filename is given, it is stuffed in the exception instead
         of what was there before (because Python's parser always uses
         "<string>" when reading from a string).
         """
         etype, value, last_traceback = sys.exc_info()
 
         # See note about these variables in showtraceback() below
         sys.last_type = etype
         sys.last_value = value
         sys.last_traceback = last_traceback
         
         if filename and etype is SyntaxError:
             # Work hard to stuff the correct filename in the exception
             try:
                 msg, (dummy_filename, lineno, offset, line) = value
             except:
                 # Not the format we expect; leave it alone
                 pass
             else:
                 # Stuff in the right filename
                 try:
                     # Assume SyntaxError is a class exception
                     value = SyntaxError(msg, (filename, lineno, offset, line))
                 except:
                     # If that failed, assume SyntaxError is a string
                     value = msg, (filename, lineno, offset, line)
         self.SyntaxTB(etype,value,[])
 
     def debugger(self,force=False):
         """Call the pydb/pdb debugger.
 
         Keywords:
 
           - force(False): by default, this routine checks the instance call_pdb
           flag and does not actually invoke the debugger if the flag is false.
           The 'force' option forces the debugger to activate even if the flag
           is false.
         """
 
         if not (force or self.call_pdb):
             return
 
         if not hasattr(sys,'last_traceback'):
             error('No traceback has been produced, nothing to debug.')
             return
 
         # use pydb if available
         if Debugger.has_pydb:
             from pydb import pm
         else:
             # fallback to our internal debugger
             pm = lambda : self.InteractiveTB.debugger(force=True)
         self.history_saving_wrapper(pm)()
 
     def showtraceback(self,exc_tuple = None,filename=None,tb_offset=None):
         """Display the exception that just occurred.
 
         If nothing is known about the exception, this is the method which
         should be used throughout the code for presenting user tracebacks,
         rather than directly invoking the InteractiveTB object.
 
         A specific showsyntaxerror() also exists, but this method can take
         care of calling it if needed, so unless you are explicitly catching a
         SyntaxError exception, don't try to analyze the stack manually and
         simply call this method."""
 
         
         # Though this won't be called by syntax errors in the input line,
         # there may be SyntaxError cases whith imported code.
         
         try:
             if exc_tuple is None:
                 etype, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
             else:
                 etype, value, tb = exc_tuple
     
             if etype is SyntaxError:
                 self.showsyntaxerror(filename)
             elif etype is IPython.ipapi.UsageError:
                 print "UsageError:", value
             else:
                 # WARNING: these variables are somewhat deprecated and not
                 # necessarily safe to use in a threaded environment, but tools
                 # like pdb depend on their existence, so let's set them.  If we
                 # find problems in the field, we'll need to revisit their use.
                 sys.last_type = etype
                 sys.last_value = value
                 sys.last_traceback = tb
     
                 if etype in self.custom_exceptions:
                     self.CustomTB(etype,value,tb)
                 else:
                     self.InteractiveTB(etype,value,tb,tb_offset=tb_offset)
                     if self.InteractiveTB.call_pdb and self.has_readline:
                         # pdb mucks up readline, fix it back
                         self.set_completer()
         except KeyboardInterrupt:
             self.write("\nKeyboardInterrupt\n")
             
         
 
     def mainloop(self,banner=None):
         """Creates the local namespace and starts the mainloop.
 
         If an optional banner argument is given, it will override the
         internally created default banner."""
 
         if self.rc.c:  # Emulate Python's -c option
             self.exec_init_cmd()
         if banner is None:
             if not self.rc.banner:
                 banner = ''
             # banner is string? Use it directly!
             elif isinstance(self.rc.banner,basestring):
                 banner = self.rc.banner
             else:                
                 banner = self.BANNER+self.banner2
 
         while 1:
             try:
                 self.interact(banner)
                 #self.interact_with_readline()                
                 # XXX for testing of a readline-decoupled repl loop, call interact_with_readline above
 
                 break
             except KeyboardInterrupt:
                 # this should not be necessary, but KeyboardInterrupt
                 # handling seems rather unpredictable...
                 self.write("\nKeyboardInterrupt in interact()\n")
 
     def exec_init_cmd(self):
         """Execute a command given at the command line.
 
         This emulates Python's -c option."""
 
         #sys.argv = ['-c']
         self.push(self.prefilter(self.rc.c, False))
         if not self.rc.interact:
-            self.exit_now = True
+            self.ask_exit()
 
     def embed_mainloop(self,header='',local_ns=None,global_ns=None,stack_depth=0):
         """Embeds IPython into a running python program.
 
         Input:
 
           - header: An optional header message can be specified.
 
           - local_ns, global_ns: working namespaces. If given as None, the
           IPython-initialized one is updated with __main__.__dict__, so that
           program variables become visible but user-specific configuration
           remains possible.
 
           - stack_depth: specifies how many levels in the stack to go to
           looking for namespaces (when local_ns and global_ns are None).  This
           allows an intermediate caller to make sure that this function gets
           the namespace from the intended level in the stack.  By default (0)
           it will get its locals and globals from the immediate caller.
 
         Warning: it's possible to use this in a program which is being run by
         IPython itself (via %run), but some funny things will happen (a few
         globals get overwritten). In the future this will be cleaned up, as
         there is no fundamental reason why it can't work perfectly."""
 
         # Get locals and globals from caller
         if local_ns is None or global_ns is None:
             call_frame = sys._getframe(stack_depth).f_back
 
             if local_ns is None:
                 local_ns = call_frame.f_locals
             if global_ns is None:
                 global_ns = call_frame.f_globals
 
         # Update namespaces and fire up interpreter
 
         # The global one is easy, we can just throw it in
         self.user_global_ns = global_ns
 
         # but the user/local one is tricky: ipython needs it to store internal
         # data, but we also need the locals.  We'll copy locals in the user
         # one, but will track what got copied so we can delete them at exit.
         # This is so that a later embedded call doesn't see locals from a
         # previous call (which most likely existed in a separate scope).
         local_varnames = local_ns.keys()
         self.user_ns.update(local_ns)
         #self.user_ns['local_ns'] = local_ns  # dbg
 
         # Patch for global embedding to make sure that things don't overwrite
         # user globals accidentally. Thanks to Richard <[e-mail]>
         # FIXME. Test this a bit more carefully (the if.. is new)
         if local_ns is None and global_ns is None:
             self.user_global_ns.update(__main__.__dict__)
 
         # make sure the tab-completer has the correct frame information, so it
         # actually completes using the frame's locals/globals
         self.set_completer_frame()
 
         # before activating the interactive mode, we need to make sure that
         # all names in the builtin namespace needed by ipython point to
         # ourselves, and not to other instances.
         self.add_builtins()
 
         self.interact(header)
         
         # now, purge out the user namespace from anything we might have added
         # from the caller's local namespace
         delvar = self.user_ns.pop
         for var in local_varnames:
             delvar(var,None)
         # and clean builtins we may have overridden
         self.clean_builtins()
 
     def interact_prompt(self):
         """ Print the prompt (in read-eval-print loop) 
 
         Provided for those who want to implement their own read-eval-print loop (e.g. GUIs), not 
         used in standard IPython flow.
         """
         if self.more:
             try:
                 prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(True)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
             if self.autoindent:
                 self.rl_do_indent = True
 
         else:
             try:
                 prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(False)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
         self.write(prompt)
 
     def interact_handle_input(self,line):
         """ Handle the input line (in read-eval-print loop)
         
         Provided for those who want to implement their own read-eval-print loop (e.g. GUIs), not 
         used in standard IPython flow.        
         """
         if line.lstrip() == line:
             self.shadowhist.add(line.strip())
         lineout = self.prefilter(line,self.more)
 
         if line.strip():
             if self.more:
                 self.input_hist_raw[-1] += '%s\n' % line
             else:
                 self.input_hist_raw.append('%s\n' % line)                
 
         
         self.more = self.push(lineout)
         if (self.SyntaxTB.last_syntax_error and
             self.rc.autoedit_syntax):
             self.edit_syntax_error()
 
     def interact_with_readline(self):
         """ Demo of using interact_handle_input, interact_prompt
         
         This is the main read-eval-print loop. If you need to implement your own (e.g. for GUI),
         it should work like this.
         """ 
         self.readline_startup_hook(self.pre_readline)
         while not self.exit_now:
             self.interact_prompt()
             if self.more:
                 self.rl_do_indent = True
             else:
                 self.rl_do_indent = False
             line = raw_input_original().decode(self.stdin_encoding)
             self.interact_handle_input(line)
 
         
     def interact(self, banner=None):
         """Closely emulate the interactive Python console.
 
         The optional banner argument specify the banner to print
         before the first interaction; by default it prints a banner
         similar to the one printed by the real Python interpreter,
         followed by the current class name in parentheses (so as not
         to confuse this with the real interpreter -- since it's so
         close!).
 
         """
         
         if self.exit_now:
             # batch run -> do not interact
             return
         cprt = 'Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.'
         if banner is None:
             self.write("Python %s on %s\n%s\n(%s)\n" %
                        (sys.version, sys.platform, cprt,
                         self.__class__.__name__))
         else:
             self.write(banner)
 
         more = 0
         
         # Mark activity in the builtins
         __builtin__.__dict__['__IPYTHON__active'] += 1
         
         if self.has_readline:
             self.readline_startup_hook(self.pre_readline)
-        # exit_now is set by a call to %Exit or %Quit
+        # exit_now is set by a call to %Exit or %Quit, through the
+        # ask_exit callback.
         
         while not self.exit_now:
             self.hooks.pre_prompt_hook()
             if more:
                 try:
                     prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(True)
                 except:
                     self.showtraceback()
                 if self.autoindent:
                     self.rl_do_indent = True
                     
             else:
                 try:
                     prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(False)
                 except:
                     self.showtraceback()
             try:
                 line = self.raw_input(prompt,more)
                 if self.exit_now:
                     # quick exit on sys.std[in|out] close
                     break
                 if self.autoindent:
                     self.rl_do_indent = False
                     
             except KeyboardInterrupt:
                 #double-guard against keyboardinterrupts during kbdint handling
                 try:
                     self.write('\nKeyboardInterrupt\n')
                     self.resetbuffer()
                     # keep cache in sync with the prompt counter:
                     self.outputcache.prompt_count -= 1
     
                     if self.autoindent:
                         self.indent_current_nsp = 0
                     more = 0
                 except KeyboardInterrupt:
                     pass
             except EOFError:
                 if self.autoindent:
                     self.rl_do_indent = False
                     self.readline_startup_hook(None)
                 self.write('\n')
                 self.exit()
             except bdb.BdbQuit:
                 warn('The Python debugger has exited with a BdbQuit exception.\n'
                      'Because of how pdb handles the stack, it is impossible\n'
                      'for IPython to properly format this particular exception.\n'
                      'IPython will resume normal operation.')
             except:
                 # exceptions here are VERY RARE, but they can be triggered
                 # asynchronously by signal handlers, for example.
                 self.showtraceback()
             else:
                 more = self.push(line)
                 if (self.SyntaxTB.last_syntax_error and
                     self.rc.autoedit_syntax):
                     self.edit_syntax_error()
             
         # We are off again...
         __builtin__.__dict__['__IPYTHON__active'] -= 1
 
     def excepthook(self, etype, value, tb):
       """One more defense for GUI apps that call sys.excepthook.
 
       GUI frameworks like wxPython trap exceptions and call
       sys.excepthook themselves.  I guess this is a feature that
       enables them to keep running after exceptions that would
       otherwise kill their mainloop. This is a bother for IPython
       which excepts to catch all of the program exceptions with a try:
       except: statement.
 
       Normally, IPython sets sys.excepthook to a CrashHandler instance, so if
       any app directly invokes sys.excepthook, it will look to the user like
       IPython crashed.  In order to work around this, we can disable the
       CrashHandler and replace it with this excepthook instead, which prints a
       regular traceback using our InteractiveTB.  In this fashion, apps which
       call sys.excepthook will generate a regular-looking exception from
       IPython, and the CrashHandler will only be triggered by real IPython
       crashes.
 
       This hook should be used sparingly, only in places which are not likely
       to be true IPython errors.
       """
       self.showtraceback((etype,value,tb),tb_offset=0)
 
     def expand_aliases(self,fn,rest):
         """ Expand multiple levels of aliases:
         
         if:
         
         alias foo bar /tmp
         alias baz foo
         
         then:
         
         baz huhhahhei -> bar /tmp huhhahhei
         
         """
         line = fn + " " + rest
         
         done = Set()
         while 1:
             pre,fn,rest = prefilter.splitUserInput(line,
                                                    prefilter.shell_line_split)
             if fn in self.alias_table:
                 if fn in done:
                     warn("Cyclic alias definition, repeated '%s'" % fn)
                     return ""
                 done.add(fn)
 
                 l2 = self.transform_alias(fn,rest)
                 # dir -> dir 
                 # print "alias",line, "->",l2  #dbg
                 if l2 == line:
                     break
                 # ls -> ls -F should not recurse forever
                 if l2.split(None,1)[0] == line.split(None,1)[0]:
                     line = l2
                     break
                 
                 line=l2
                 
                 
                 # print "al expand to",line #dbg
             else:
                 break
                 
         return line
 
     def transform_alias(self, alias,rest=''):
         """ Transform alias to system command string.
         """
         trg = self.alias_table[alias]
 
         nargs,cmd = trg
         # print trg #dbg
         if ' ' in cmd and os.path.isfile(cmd):
             cmd = '"%s"' % cmd
 
         # Expand the %l special to be the user's input line
         if cmd.find('%l') >= 0:
             cmd = cmd.replace('%l',rest)
             rest = ''
         if nargs==0:
             # Simple, argument-less aliases
             cmd = '%s %s' % (cmd,rest)
         else:
             # Handle aliases with positional arguments
             args = rest.split(None,nargs)
             if len(args)< nargs:
                 error('Alias <%s> requires %s arguments, %s given.' %
                       (alias,nargs,len(args)))
                 return None
             cmd = '%s %s' % (cmd % tuple(args[:nargs]),' '.join(args[nargs:]))
         # Now call the macro, evaluating in the user's namespace
         #print 'new command: <%r>' % cmd  # dbg
         return cmd
         
     def call_alias(self,alias,rest=''):
         """Call an alias given its name and the rest of the line.
 
         This is only used to provide backwards compatibility for users of
         ipalias(), use of which is not recommended for anymore."""
 
         # Now call the macro, evaluating in the user's namespace
         cmd = self.transform_alias(alias, rest)
         try:
             self.system(cmd)
         except:
             self.showtraceback()
 
     def indent_current_str(self):
         """return the current level of indentation as a string"""
         return self.indent_current_nsp * ' '
 
     def autoindent_update(self,line):
         """Keep track of the indent level."""
 
         #debugx('line')
         #debugx('self.indent_current_nsp')
         if self.autoindent:
             if line:
                 inisp = num_ini_spaces(line)
                 if inisp < self.indent_current_nsp:
                     self.indent_current_nsp = inisp
 
                 if line[-1] == ':':
                     self.indent_current_nsp += 4
                 elif dedent_re.match(line):
                     self.indent_current_nsp -= 4
             else:
                 self.indent_current_nsp = 0
 
     def runlines(self,lines):
         """Run a string of one or more lines of source.
 
         This method is capable of running a string containing multiple source
         lines, as if they had been entered at the IPython prompt.  Since it
         exposes IPython's processing machinery, the given strings can contain
         magic calls (%magic), special shell access (!cmd), etc."""
 
         # We must start with a clean buffer, in case this is run from an
         # interactive IPython session (via a magic, for example).
         self.resetbuffer()
         lines = lines.split('\n')
         more = 0
     
         for line in lines:
             # skip blank lines so we don't mess up the prompt counter, but do
             # NOT skip even a blank line if we are in a code block (more is
             # true)
             
             
             if line or more:
                 # push to raw history, so hist line numbers stay in sync
                 self.input_hist_raw.append("# " + line + "\n")
                 more = self.push(self.prefilter(line,more))
                 # IPython's runsource returns None if there was an error
                 # compiling the code.  This allows us to stop processing right
                 # away, so the user gets the error message at the right place.
                 if more is None:
                     break
             else:
                 self.input_hist_raw.append("\n")
         # final newline in case the input didn't have it, so that the code
         # actually does get executed
         if more:
             self.push('\n')
 
     def runsource(self, source, filename='<input>', symbol='single'):
         """Compile and run some source in the interpreter.
 
         Arguments are as for compile_command().
 
         One several things can happen:
 
         1) The input is incorrect; compile_command() raised an
         exception (SyntaxError or OverflowError).  A syntax traceback
         will be printed by calling the showsyntaxerror() method.
 
         2) The input is incomplete, and more input is required;
         compile_command() returned None.  Nothing happens.
 
         3) The input is complete; compile_command() returned a code
         object.  The code is executed by calling self.runcode() (which
         also handles run-time exceptions, except for SystemExit).
 
         The return value is:
 
           - True in case 2
 
           - False in the other cases, unless an exception is raised, where
           None is returned instead.  This can be used by external callers to
           know whether to continue feeding input or not.
 
         The return value can be used to decide whether to use sys.ps1 or
         sys.ps2 to prompt the next line."""
 
         # if the source code has leading blanks, add 'if 1:\n' to it
         # this allows execution of indented pasted code. It is tempting
         # to add '\n' at the end of source to run commands like ' a=1'
         # directly, but this fails for more complicated scenarios
         source=source.encode(self.stdin_encoding)
         if source[:1] in [' ', '\t']:
             source = 'if 1:\n%s' % source
 
         try:
             code = self.compile(source,filename,symbol)
         except (OverflowError, SyntaxError, ValueError, TypeError):
             # Case 1
             self.showsyntaxerror(filename)
             return None
 
         if code is None:
             # Case 2
             return True
 
         # Case 3
         # We store the code object so that threaded shells and
         # custom exception handlers can access all this info if needed.
         # The source corresponding to this can be obtained from the
         # buffer attribute as '\n'.join(self.buffer).
         self.code_to_run = code
         # now actually execute the code object
         if self.runcode(code) == 0:
             return False
         else:
             return None
 
     def runcode(self,code_obj):
         """Execute a code object.
 
         When an exception occurs, self.showtraceback() is called to display a
         traceback.
 
         Return value: a flag indicating whether the code to be run completed
         successfully:
 
           - 0: successful execution.
           - 1: an error occurred.
         """
 
         # Set our own excepthook in case the user code tries to call it
         # directly, so that the IPython crash handler doesn't get triggered
         old_excepthook,sys.excepthook = sys.excepthook, self.excepthook
 
         # we save the original sys.excepthook in the instance, in case config
         # code (such as magics) needs access to it.
         self.sys_excepthook = old_excepthook
         outflag = 1  # happens in more places, so it's easier as default
         try:
             try:
                 self.hooks.pre_runcode_hook()
                 exec code_obj in self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns
             finally:
                 # Reset our crash handler in place
                 sys.excepthook = old_excepthook
         except SystemExit:
             self.resetbuffer()
             self.showtraceback()
             warn("Type %exit or %quit to exit IPython "
                  "(%Exit or %Quit do so unconditionally).",level=1)
         except self.custom_exceptions:
             etype,value,tb = sys.exc_info()
             self.CustomTB(etype,value,tb)
         except:
             self.showtraceback()
         else:
             outflag = 0
             if softspace(sys.stdout, 0):
                 print
         # Flush out code object which has been run (and source)
         self.code_to_run = None
         return outflag
         
     def push(self, line):
         """Push a line to the interpreter.
 
         The line should not have a trailing newline; it may have
         internal newlines.  The line is appended to a buffer and the
         interpreter's runsource() method is called with the
         concatenated contents of the buffer as source.  If this
         indicates that the command was executed or invalid, the buffer
         is reset; otherwise, the command is incomplete, and the buffer
         is left as it was after the line was appended.  The return
         value is 1 if more input is required, 0 if the line was dealt
         with in some way (this is the same as runsource()).
         """
 
         # autoindent management should be done here, and not in the
         # interactive loop, since that one is only seen by keyboard input.  We
         # need this done correctly even for code run via runlines (which uses
         # push).
 
         #print 'push line: <%s>' % line  # dbg
         for subline in line.splitlines():
             self.autoindent_update(subline)
         self.buffer.append(line)
         more = self.runsource('\n'.join(self.buffer), self.filename)
         if not more:
             self.resetbuffer()
         return more
 
     def split_user_input(self, line):
         # This is really a hold-over to support ipapi and some extensions
         return prefilter.splitUserInput(line)
 
     def resetbuffer(self):
         """Reset the input buffer."""
         self.buffer[:] = []
         
     def raw_input(self,prompt='',continue_prompt=False):
         """Write a prompt and read a line.
 
         The returned line does not include the trailing newline.
         When the user enters the EOF key sequence, EOFError is raised.
 
         Optional inputs:
 
           - prompt(''): a string to be printed to prompt the user.
 
           - continue_prompt(False): whether this line is the first one or a
           continuation in a sequence of inputs.
         """
 
         # Code run by the user may have modified the readline completer state.
         # We must ensure that our completer is back in place.
         if self.has_readline:
             self.set_completer()
         
         try:
             line = raw_input_original(prompt).decode(self.stdin_encoding)
         except ValueError:
             warn("\n********\nYou or a %run:ed script called sys.stdin.close()"
                  " or sys.stdout.close()!\nExiting IPython!")
-            self.exit_now = True
+            self.ask_exit()
             return ""
 
         # Try to be reasonably smart about not re-indenting pasted input more
         # than necessary.  We do this by trimming out the auto-indent initial
         # spaces, if the user's actual input started itself with whitespace.
         #debugx('self.buffer[-1]')
 
         if self.autoindent:
             if num_ini_spaces(line) > self.indent_current_nsp:
                 line = line[self.indent_current_nsp:]
                 self.indent_current_nsp = 0
             
         # store the unfiltered input before the user has any chance to modify
         # it.
         if line.strip():
             if continue_prompt:
                 self.input_hist_raw[-1] += '%s\n' % line
                 if self.has_readline: # and some config option is set?
                     try:
                         histlen = self.readline.get_current_history_length()
                         if histlen > 1:
                             newhist = self.input_hist_raw[-1].rstrip()
                             self.readline.remove_history_item(histlen-1)
                             self.readline.replace_history_item(histlen-2,
                                             newhist.encode(self.stdin_encoding))
                     except AttributeError:
                         pass # re{move,place}_history_item are new in 2.4.                
             else:
                 self.input_hist_raw.append('%s\n' % line)                
             # only entries starting at first column go to shadow history
             if line.lstrip() == line:
                 self.shadowhist.add(line.strip())
         elif not continue_prompt:
             self.input_hist_raw.append('\n')
         try:
             lineout = self.prefilter(line,continue_prompt)
         except:
             # blanket except, in case a user-defined prefilter crashes, so it
             # can't take all of ipython with it.
             self.showtraceback()
             return ''
         else:
             return lineout
 
     def _prefilter(self, line, continue_prompt):
         """Calls different preprocessors, depending on the form of line."""
 
         # All handlers *must* return a value, even if it's blank ('').
 
         # Lines are NOT logged here. Handlers should process the line as
         # needed, update the cache AND log it (so that the input cache array
         # stays synced).
 
         #.....................................................................
         # Code begins
 
         #if line.startswith('%crash'): raise RuntimeError,'Crash now!'  # dbg
 
         # save the line away in case we crash, so the post-mortem handler can
         # record it
         self._last_input_line = line
 
         #print '***line: <%s>' % line # dbg
 
         if not line:
             # Return immediately on purely empty lines, so that if the user
             # previously typed some whitespace that started a continuation
             # prompt, he can break out of that loop with just an empty line.
             # This is how the default python prompt works.
 
             # Only return if the accumulated input buffer was just whitespace!
             if ''.join(self.buffer).isspace():
                 self.buffer[:] = []
             return ''
         
         line_info = prefilter.LineInfo(line, continue_prompt)
         
         # the input history needs to track even empty lines
         stripped = line.strip()
         
         if not stripped:
             if not continue_prompt:
                 self.outputcache.prompt_count -= 1
             return self.handle_normal(line_info)
 
         # print '***cont',continue_prompt  # dbg
         # special handlers are only allowed for single line statements
         if continue_prompt and not self.rc.multi_line_specials:
             return self.handle_normal(line_info)
 
 
         # See whether any pre-existing handler can take care of it  
         rewritten = self.hooks.input_prefilter(stripped)
         if rewritten != stripped: # ok, some prefilter did something
             rewritten = line_info.pre + rewritten  # add indentation
             return self.handle_normal(prefilter.LineInfo(rewritten,
                                                          continue_prompt))
             
         #print 'pre <%s> iFun <%s> rest <%s>' % (pre,iFun,theRest)  # dbg
         
         return prefilter.prefilter(line_info, self)
 
 
     def _prefilter_dumb(self, line, continue_prompt):
         """simple prefilter function, for debugging"""
         return self.handle_normal(line,continue_prompt)
 
     
     def multiline_prefilter(self, line, continue_prompt):
         """ Run _prefilter for each line of input
         
         Covers cases where there are multiple lines in the user entry,
         which is the case when the user goes back to a multiline history
         entry and presses enter.
         
         """
         out = []
         for l in line.rstrip('\n').split('\n'):
             out.append(self._prefilter(l, continue_prompt))
         return '\n'.join(out)
     
     # Set the default prefilter() function (this can be user-overridden)
     prefilter = multiline_prefilter
 
     def handle_normal(self,line_info):
         """Handle normal input lines. Use as a template for handlers."""
 
         # With autoindent on, we need some way to exit the input loop, and I
         # don't want to force the user to have to backspace all the way to
         # clear the line.  The rule will be in this case, that either two
         # lines of pure whitespace in a row, or a line of pure whitespace but
         # of a size different to the indent level, will exit the input loop.
         line = line_info.line
         continue_prompt = line_info.continue_prompt
         
         if (continue_prompt and self.autoindent and line.isspace() and
             (0 < abs(len(line) - self.indent_current_nsp) <= 2 or
              (self.buffer[-1]).isspace() )):
             line = ''
 
         self.log(line,line,continue_prompt)
         return line
 
     def handle_alias(self,line_info):
         """Handle alias input lines. """
         tgt = self.alias_table[line_info.iFun]
         # print "=>",tgt #dbg
         if callable(tgt):
             if '$' in line_info.line:
                 call_meth = '(_ip, _ip.itpl(%s))'
             else:
                 call_meth = '(_ip,%s)'
             line_out = ("%s_sh.%s" + call_meth) % (line_info.preWhitespace,
                                          line_info.iFun, 
             make_quoted_expr(line_info.line))
         else:
             transformed = self.expand_aliases(line_info.iFun,line_info.theRest)
 
             # pre is needed, because it carries the leading whitespace.  Otherwise
             # aliases won't work in indented sections.
             line_out = '%s_ip.system(%s)' % (line_info.preWhitespace,
                                              make_quoted_expr( transformed ))
         
         self.log(line_info.line,line_out,line_info.continue_prompt)
         #print 'line out:',line_out # dbg
         return line_out
 
     def handle_shell_escape(self, line_info):
         """Execute the line in a shell, empty return value"""
         #print 'line in :', `line` # dbg
         line = line_info.line
         if line.lstrip().startswith('!!'):
             # rewrite LineInfo's line, iFun and theRest to properly hold the
             # call to %sx and the actual command to be executed, so
             # handle_magic can work correctly.  Note that this works even if
             # the line is indented, so it handles multi_line_specials
             # properly.
             new_rest = line.lstrip()[2:]
             line_info.line = '%ssx %s' % (self.ESC_MAGIC,new_rest)
             line_info.iFun = 'sx'
             line_info.theRest = new_rest
             return self.handle_magic(line_info)
         else:
             cmd = line.lstrip().lstrip('!')
             line_out = '%s_ip.system(%s)' % (line_info.preWhitespace,
                                              make_quoted_expr(cmd))
         # update cache/log and return
         self.log(line,line_out,line_info.continue_prompt)
         return line_out
 
     def handle_magic(self, line_info):
         """Execute magic functions."""
         iFun    = line_info.iFun
         theRest = line_info.theRest
         cmd = '%s_ip.magic(%s)' % (line_info.preWhitespace,
                                    make_quoted_expr(iFun + " " + theRest))
         self.log(line_info.line,cmd,line_info.continue_prompt)
         #print 'in handle_magic, cmd=<%s>' % cmd  # dbg
         return cmd
 
     def handle_auto(self, line_info):
         """Hande lines which can be auto-executed, quoting if requested."""
 
         line    = line_info.line
         iFun    = line_info.iFun
         theRest = line_info.theRest
         pre     = line_info.pre
         continue_prompt = line_info.continue_prompt
         obj = line_info.ofind(self)['obj']
 
         #print 'pre <%s> iFun <%s> rest <%s>' % (pre,iFun,theRest)  # dbg
 
         # This should only be active for single-line input!
         if continue_prompt:
             self.log(line,line,continue_prompt)
             return line
 
         force_auto = isinstance(obj, IPython.ipapi.IPyAutocall)
         auto_rewrite = True
         
         if pre == self.ESC_QUOTE:
             # Auto-quote splitting on whitespace
             newcmd = '%s("%s")' % (iFun,'", "'.join(theRest.split()) )
         elif pre == self.ESC_QUOTE2:
             # Auto-quote whole string
             newcmd = '%s("%s")' % (iFun,theRest)
         elif pre == self.ESC_PAREN:
             newcmd = '%s(%s)' % (iFun,",".join(theRest.split()))
         else:
             # Auto-paren.
             # We only apply it to argument-less calls if the autocall
             # parameter is set to 2.  We only need to check that autocall is <
             # 2, since this function isn't called unless it's at least 1.
             if not theRest and (self.rc.autocall < 2) and not force_auto:
                 newcmd = '%s %s' % (iFun,theRest)
                 auto_rewrite = False
             else:
                 if not force_auto and theRest.startswith('['):
                     if hasattr(obj,'__getitem__'):
                         # Don't autocall in this case: item access for an object
                         # which is BOTH callable and implements __getitem__.
                         newcmd = '%s %s' % (iFun,theRest)
                         auto_rewrite = False
                     else:
                         # if the object doesn't support [] access, go ahead and
                         # autocall
                         newcmd = '%s(%s)' % (iFun.rstrip(),theRest)
                 elif theRest.endswith(';'):
                     newcmd = '%s(%s);' % (iFun.rstrip(),theRest[:-1])
                 else:
                     newcmd = '%s(%s)' % (iFun.rstrip(), theRest)
 
         if auto_rewrite:
             rw = self.outputcache.prompt1.auto_rewrite() + newcmd
             
             try:
                 # plain ascii works better w/ pyreadline, on some machines, so
                 # we use it and only print uncolored rewrite if we have unicode
                 rw = str(rw)
                 print >>Term.cout, rw
             except UnicodeEncodeError:
                 print "-------------->" + newcmd
             
         # log what is now valid Python, not the actual user input (without the
         # final newline)
         self.log(line,newcmd,continue_prompt)
         return newcmd
 
     def handle_help(self, line_info):
         """Try to get some help for the object.
 
         obj? or ?obj   -> basic information.
         obj?? or ??obj -> more details.
         """
         
         line = line_info.line
         # We need to make sure that we don't process lines which would be
         # otherwise valid python, such as "x=1 # what?"
         try:
             codeop.compile_command(line)
         except SyntaxError:
             # We should only handle as help stuff which is NOT valid syntax
             if line[0]==self.ESC_HELP:
                 line = line[1:]
             elif line[-1]==self.ESC_HELP:
                 line = line[:-1]
             self.log(line,'#?'+line,line_info.continue_prompt)
             if line:
                 #print 'line:<%r>' % line  # dbg
                 self.magic_pinfo(line)
             else:
                 page(self.usage,screen_lines=self.rc.screen_length)
             return '' # Empty string is needed here!
         except:
             # Pass any other exceptions through to the normal handler
             return self.handle_normal(line_info)
         else:
             # If the code compiles ok, we should handle it normally
             return self.handle_normal(line_info)
 
     def getapi(self):
         """ Get an IPApi object for this shell instance
         
         Getting an IPApi object is always preferable to accessing the shell
         directly, but this holds true especially for extensions.
         
         It should always be possible to implement an extension with IPApi
         alone. If not, contact maintainer to request an addition.
         
         """
         return self.api
 
     def handle_emacs(self, line_info):
         """Handle input lines marked by python-mode."""
 
         # Currently, nothing is done.  Later more functionality can be added
         # here if needed.
 
         # The input cache shouldn't be updated
         return line_info.line
     
 
     def mktempfile(self,data=None):
         """Make a new tempfile and return its filename.
 
         This makes a call to tempfile.mktemp, but it registers the created
         filename internally so ipython cleans it up at exit time.
 
         Optional inputs:
 
           - data(None): if data is given, it gets written out to the temp file
           immediately, and the file is closed again."""
 
         filename = tempfile.mktemp('.py','ipython_edit_')
         self.tempfiles.append(filename)
         
         if data:
             tmp_file = open(filename,'w')
             tmp_file.write(data)
             tmp_file.close()
         return filename
 
     def write(self,data):
         """Write a string to the default output"""
         Term.cout.write(data)
 
     def write_err(self,data):
         """Write a string to the default error output"""
         Term.cerr.write(data)
 
+    def ask_exit(self):
+        """ Call for exiting. Can be overiden and used as a callback. """
+        self.exit_now = True
+
     def exit(self):
         """Handle interactive exit.
 
-        This method sets the exit_now attribute."""
+        This method calls the ask_exit callback."""
 
         if self.rc.confirm_exit:
             if self.ask_yes_no('Do you really want to exit ([y]/n)?','y'):
-                self.exit_now = True
+                self.ask_exit()
         else:
-            self.exit_now = True
+            self.ask_exit()
 
     def safe_execfile(self,fname,*where,**kw):
         """A safe version of the builtin execfile().
 
         This version will never throw an exception, and knows how to handle
         ipython logs as well.
 
         :Parameters:
           fname : string
             Name of the file to be executed.
             
           where : tuple
             One or two namespaces, passed to execfile() as (globals,locals).
             If only one is given, it is passed as both.
 
         :Keywords:
           islog : boolean (False)
 
           quiet : boolean (True)
 
           exit_ignore : boolean (False)
           """
 
         def syspath_cleanup():
             """Internal cleanup routine for sys.path."""
             if add_dname:
                 try:
                     sys.path.remove(dname)
                 except ValueError:
                     # For some reason the user has already removed it, ignore.
                     pass
         
         fname = os.path.expanduser(fname)
 
         # Find things also in current directory.  This is needed to mimic the
         # behavior of running a script from the system command line, where
         # Python inserts the script's directory into sys.path
         dname = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(fname))
         add_dname = False
         if dname not in sys.path:
             sys.path.insert(0,dname)
             add_dname = True
 
         try:
             xfile = open(fname)
         except:
             print >> Term.cerr, \
                   'Could not open file <%s> for safe execution.' % fname
             syspath_cleanup()
             return None
 
         kw.setdefault('islog',0)
         kw.setdefault('quiet',1)
         kw.setdefault('exit_ignore',0)
         
         first = xfile.readline()
         loghead = str(self.loghead_tpl).split('\n',1)[0].strip()
         xfile.close()
         # line by line execution
         if first.startswith(loghead) or kw['islog']:
             print 'Loading log file <%s> one line at a time...' % fname
             if kw['quiet']:
                 stdout_save = sys.stdout
                 sys.stdout = StringIO.StringIO()
             try:
                 globs,locs = where[0:2]
             except:
                 try:
                     globs = locs = where[0]
                 except:
                     globs = locs = globals()
             badblocks = []
 
             # we also need to identify indented blocks of code when replaying
             # logs and put them together before passing them to an exec
             # statement. This takes a bit of regexp and look-ahead work in the
             # file. It's easiest if we swallow the whole thing in memory
             # first, and manually walk through the lines list moving the
             # counter ourselves.
             indent_re = re.compile('\s+\S')
             xfile = open(fname)
             filelines = xfile.readlines()
             xfile.close()
             nlines = len(filelines)
             lnum = 0
             while lnum < nlines:
                 line = filelines[lnum]
                 lnum += 1
                 # don't re-insert logger status info into cache
                 if line.startswith('#log#'):
                     continue
                 else:
                     # build a block of code (maybe a single line) for execution
                     block = line
                     try:
                         next = filelines[lnum] # lnum has already incremented
                     except:
                         next = None
                     while next and indent_re.match(next):
                         block += next
                         lnum += 1
                         try:
                             next = filelines[lnum]
                         except:
                             next = None
                     # now execute the block of one or more lines
                     try:
                         exec block in globs,locs
                     except SystemExit:
                         pass
                     except:
                         badblocks.append(block.rstrip())
             if kw['quiet']:  # restore stdout
                 sys.stdout.close()
                 sys.stdout = stdout_save
             print 'Finished replaying log file <%s>' % fname
             if badblocks:
                 print >> sys.stderr, ('\nThe following lines/blocks in file '
                                       '<%s> reported errors:' % fname)
                     
                 for badline in badblocks:
                     print >> sys.stderr, badline
         else:  # regular file execution
             try:
                 if sys.platform == 'win32' and sys.version_info < (2,5,1):
                     # Work around a bug in Python for Windows.  The bug was
                     # fixed in in Python 2.5 r54159 and 54158, but that's still
                     # SVN Python as of March/07.  For details, see:
                     # http://projects.scipy.org/ipython/ipython/ticket/123
                     try:
                         globs,locs = where[0:2]
                     except:
                         try:
                             globs = locs = where[0]
                         except:
                             globs = locs = globals()
                     exec file(fname) in globs,locs
                 else:
                     execfile(fname,*where)
             except SyntaxError:
                 self.showsyntaxerror()
                 warn('Failure executing file: <%s>' % fname)
             except SystemExit,status:
                 # Code that correctly sets the exit status flag to success (0)
                 # shouldn't be bothered with a traceback.  Note that a plain
                 # sys.exit() does NOT set the message to 0 (it's empty) so that
                 # will still get a traceback.  Note that the structure of the
                 # SystemExit exception changed between Python 2.4 and 2.5, so
                 # the checks must be done in a version-dependent way.
                 show = False
 
                 if sys.version_info[:2] > (2,5):
                     if status.message!=0 and not kw['exit_ignore']:
                         show = True
                 else:
                     if status.code and not kw['exit_ignore']:
                         show = True
                 if show:
                     self.showtraceback()
                     warn('Failure executing file: <%s>' % fname)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
                 warn('Failure executing file: <%s>' % fname)
 
         syspath_cleanup()
 
 #************************* end of file <iplib.py> *****************************

IPython/kernel/core/history.py

@@ -1,137 +1,137 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 
 """ Manage the input and output history of the interpreter and the
 frontend.
 
 There are 2 different history objects, one that lives in the interpreter,
 and one that lives in the frontend. They are synced with a diff at each
 execution of a command, as the interpreter history is a real stack, its
 existing entries are not mutable.
 """
 
 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 from copy import copy
 
 # Local imports.
 from util import InputList
 
 
 ##############################################################################
 class History(object):
     """ An object managing the input and output history.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, input_cache=None, output_cache=None):
 
         # Stuff that IPython adds to the namespace.
         self.namespace_additions = dict(
             _ = None,
             __ = None,
             ___ = None,
         )
 
         # A list to store input commands.
         if input_cache is None:
             input_cache =InputList([])
         self.input_cache = input_cache
 
         # A dictionary to store trapped output.
         if output_cache is None:
             output_cache = {}
         self.output_cache = output_cache
 
     def get_history_item(self, index):
         """ Returns the history string at index, where index is the
         distance from the end (positive). 
         """
-        if index>0 and index<len(self.input_cache):
+        if index>=0 and index<len(self.input_cache):
             return self.input_cache[index]
 
 
 ##############################################################################
 class InterpreterHistory(History):
     """ An object managing the input and output history at the interpreter
     level.
     """
 
     def setup_namespace(self, namespace):
         """ Add the input and output caches into the interpreter's namespace
         with IPython-conventional names.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         namespace : dict
         """
 
         namespace['In'] = self.input_cache
         namespace['_ih'] = self.input_cache
         namespace['Out'] = self.output_cache
         namespace['_oh'] = self.output_cache
 
     def update_history(self, interpreter, python):
         """ Update the history objects that this object maintains and the
         interpreter's namespace.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         interpreter : Interpreter
         python : str
             The real Python code that was translated and actually executed.
         """
 
         number = interpreter.current_cell_number
 
         new_obj = interpreter.display_trap.obj
         if new_obj is not None:
             self.namespace_additions['___'] = self.namespace_additions['__']
             self.namespace_additions['__'] = self.namespace_additions['_']
             self.namespace_additions['_'] = new_obj
             self.output_cache[number] = new_obj
 
         interpreter.user_ns.update(self.namespace_additions)
         self.input_cache.add(number, python)
 
 
     def get_history_item(self, index):
         """ Returns the history string at index, where index is the
         distance from the end (positive). 
         """
         if index>0 and index<(len(self.input_cache)-1):
             return self.input_cache[-index]
 
     def get_input_cache(self):
         return copy(self.input_cache)
 
     def get_input_after(self, index):
         """ Returns the list of the commands entered after index.
         """
         # We need to call directly list.__getslice__, because this object
         # is not a real list.
         return list.__getslice__(self.input_cache, index,
                                                 len(self.input_cache))
 
 
 ##############################################################################
 class FrontEndHistory(History):
     """ An object managing the input and output history at the frontend.
         It is used as a local cache to reduce network latency problems
         and multiple users editing the same thing.
     """
 
     def add_items(self, item_list):
         """ Adds the given command list to the stack of executed
             commands.
         """
         self.input_cache.extend(item_list)

IPython/kernel/core/interpreter.py

@@ -1,749 +1,747 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 
 """Central interpreter object for an IPython engine.
 
 The interpreter is the object whose job is to process lines of user input and
 actually execute them in the user's namespace.
 """
 
 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # Standard library imports.
-from compiler.ast import Discard
 from types import FunctionType
 
 import __builtin__
 import codeop
 import compiler
-import pprint
 import sys
 import traceback
 
 # Local imports.
 from IPython.kernel.core import ultraTB
 from IPython.kernel.core.display_trap import DisplayTrap
 from IPython.kernel.core.macro import Macro
 from IPython.kernel.core.prompts import CachedOutput
 from IPython.kernel.core.traceback_trap import TracebackTrap
 from IPython.kernel.core.util import Bunch, system_shell
 from IPython.external.Itpl import ItplNS
 
 # Global constants
 COMPILER_ERROR = 'error'
 INCOMPLETE_INPUT = 'incomplete'
 COMPLETE_INPUT = 'complete'
 
 ##############################################################################
 # TEMPORARY!!! fake configuration, while we decide whether to use tconfig or
 # not
 
 rc = Bunch()
 rc.cache_size = 100
 rc.pprint = True
 rc.separate_in = '\n'
 rc.separate_out = '\n'
 rc.separate_out2 = ''
 rc.prompt_in1 = r'In [\#]: '
 rc.prompt_in2 = r'   .\\D.: '
 rc.prompt_out = ''
 rc.prompts_pad_left = False
 
 ##############################################################################
 
 # Top-level utilities
 def default_display_formatters():
     """ Return a list of default display formatters.
     """
 
     from display_formatter import PPrintDisplayFormatter, ReprDisplayFormatter
     return [PPrintDisplayFormatter(), ReprDisplayFormatter()]
 
 def default_traceback_formatters():
     """ Return a list of default traceback formatters.
     """
 
     from traceback_formatter import PlainTracebackFormatter
     return [PlainTracebackFormatter()]
 
 # Top-level classes
 class NotDefined(object):    pass
 
 class Interpreter(object):
     """ An interpreter object.
 
     fixme: needs to negotiate available formatters with frontends.
 
     Important: the interpeter should be built so that it exposes a method
     for each attribute/method of its sub-object. This way it can be
     replaced by a network adapter.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, user_ns=None, global_ns=None,translator=None,
                  magic=None, display_formatters=None,
                  traceback_formatters=None, output_trap=None, history=None,
                  message_cache=None, filename='<string>', config=None):
 
         # The local/global namespaces for code execution
         local_ns = user_ns  # compatibility name
         if local_ns is None:
             local_ns = {}
         self.user_ns = local_ns
         # The local namespace
         if global_ns is None:
             global_ns = {}
         self.user_global_ns = global_ns
 
         # An object that will translate commands into executable Python.
         # The current translator does not work properly so for now we are going
         # without!
         # if translator is None:
         #             from IPython.kernel.core.translator import IPythonTranslator
         #             translator = IPythonTranslator()
         self.translator = translator
 
         # An object that maintains magic commands.
         if magic is None:
             from IPython.kernel.core.magic import Magic
             magic = Magic(self)
         self.magic = magic
 
         # A list of formatters for the displayhook.
         if display_formatters is None:
             display_formatters = default_display_formatters()
         self.display_formatters = display_formatters
 
         # A list of formatters for tracebacks.
         if traceback_formatters is None:
             traceback_formatters = default_traceback_formatters()
         self.traceback_formatters = traceback_formatters
 
         # The object trapping stdout/stderr.
         if output_trap is None:
             from IPython.kernel.core.output_trap import OutputTrap
             output_trap = OutputTrap()
         self.output_trap = output_trap
 
         # An object that manages the history.
         if history is None:
             from IPython.kernel.core.history import InterpreterHistory
             history = InterpreterHistory()
         self.history = history
         self.get_history_item = history.get_history_item
         self.get_history_input_cache = history.get_input_cache
         self.get_history_input_after = history.get_input_after
 
         # An object that caches all of the return messages.
         if message_cache is None:
             from IPython.kernel.core.message_cache import SimpleMessageCache
             message_cache = SimpleMessageCache()
         self.message_cache = message_cache
 
         # The "filename" of the code that is executed in this interpreter.
         self.filename = filename
 
         # An object that contains much configuration information.
         if config is None:
             # fixme: Move this constant elsewhere!
             config = Bunch(ESC_MAGIC='%')
         self.config = config
 
         # Hook managers.
         # fixme: make the display callbacks configurable. In the meantime,
         # enable macros.
         self.display_trap = DisplayTrap(
             formatters=self.display_formatters,
             callbacks=[self._possible_macro],
         )
         self.traceback_trap = TracebackTrap(
             formatters=self.traceback_formatters)
 
         # This is used temporarily for reformating exceptions in certain
         # cases.  It will go away once the ultraTB stuff is ported
         # to ipython1
         self.tbHandler = ultraTB.FormattedTB(color_scheme='NoColor',
                                                  mode='Context',
                                                  tb_offset=2)
 
         # An object that can compile commands and remember __future__
         # statements.
         self.command_compiler = codeop.CommandCompiler()
 
         # A replacement for the raw_input() and input() builtins. Change these
         # attributes later to configure them.
         self.raw_input_builtin = raw_input
         self.input_builtin = input
 
         # The number of the current cell.
         self.current_cell_number = 1
 
         # Initialize cache, set in/out prompts and printing system
         self.outputcache = CachedOutput(self,
                                         rc.cache_size,
                                         rc.pprint,
                                         input_sep = rc.separate_in,
                                         output_sep = rc.separate_out,
                                         output_sep2 = rc.separate_out2,
                                         ps1 = rc.prompt_in1,
                                         ps2 = rc.prompt_in2,
                                         ps_out = rc.prompt_out,
                                         pad_left = rc.prompts_pad_left)
 
         # Need to decide later if this is the right approach, but clients
         # commonly use sys.ps1/2, so it may be best to just set them here
         sys.ps1 = self.outputcache.prompt1.p_str
         sys.ps2 = self.outputcache.prompt2.p_str
 
         # This is the message dictionary assigned temporarily when running the
         # code.
         self.message = None
 
         self.setup_namespace()
 
 
     #### Public 'Interpreter' interface ########################################
 
     def formatTraceback(self, et, ev, tb, message=''):
         """Put a formatted version of the traceback into value and reraise.
         
         When exceptions have to be sent over the network, the traceback 
         needs to be put into the value of the exception in a nicely
         formatted way.  The method takes the type, value and tb of an 
         exception and puts a string representation of the tb into the 
         value of the exception and reraises it.
         
         Currently this method uses the ultraTb formatter from IPython trunk.
         Eventually it should simply use the traceback formatters in core
         that are loaded into self.tracback_trap.formatters.
         """
         tbinfo = self.tbHandler.text(et,ev,tb)
         ev._ipython_traceback_text = tbinfo
         return et, ev, tb
         
     def execute(self, commands, raiseException=True):
         """ Execute some IPython commands.
 
         1. Translate them into Python.
         2. Run them.
         3. Trap stdout/stderr.
         4. Trap sys.displayhook().
         5. Trap exceptions.
         6. Return a message object.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         commands : str
             The raw commands that the user typed into the prompt.
         
         Returns
         -------
         message : dict
             The dictionary of responses. See the README.txt in this directory
             for an explanation of the format.
         """
 
         # Create a message dictionary with all of the information we will be
         # returning to the frontend and other listeners.
         message = self.setup_message()
 
         # Massage the input and store the raw and translated commands into
         # a dict.
         user_input = dict(raw=commands)
         if self.translator is not None:
             python = self.translator(commands, message)
             if python is None:
                 # Something went wrong with the translation. The translator
                 # should have added an appropriate entry to the message object.
                 return message
         else:
             python = commands
         user_input['translated'] = python
         message['input'] = user_input
 
         # Set the message object so that any magics executed in the code have
         # access.
         self.message = message
 
         # Set all of the output/exception traps.
         self.set_traps()
         
         # Actually execute the Python code.
         status = self.execute_python(python)
 
         # Unset all of the traps.
         self.unset_traps()
 
         # Unset the message object.
         self.message = None
 
         # Update the history variables in the namespace.
         # E.g. In, Out, _, __, ___
         if self.history is not None:
             self.history.update_history(self, python)
 
         # Let all of the traps contribute to the message and then clear their
         # stored information.
         self.output_trap.add_to_message(message)
         self.output_trap.clear()
         self.display_trap.add_to_message(message)
         self.display_trap.clear()
         self.traceback_trap.add_to_message(message)
         # Pull out the type, value and tb of the current exception
         # before clearing it.
         einfo = self.traceback_trap.args
         self.traceback_trap.clear()
         
         # Cache the message.
         self.message_cache.add_message(self.current_cell_number, message)
 
         # Bump the number.
         self.current_cell_number += 1
         
         # This conditional lets the execute method either raise any
         # exception that has occured in user code OR return the message
         # dict containing the traceback and other useful info.
         if raiseException and einfo:
             raise einfo[0],einfo[1],einfo[2]
         else:
             return message
 
     def generate_prompt(self, is_continuation):
         """Calculate and return a string with the prompt to display.
 
         :Parameters:
           is_continuation : bool
             Whether the input line is continuing multiline input or not, so
           that a proper continuation prompt can be computed."""
         
         if is_continuation:
             return str(self.outputcache.prompt2)
         else:
             return str(self.outputcache.prompt1)
 
     def execute_python(self, python):
         """ Actually run the Python code in the namespace.
 
         :Parameters:
 
         python : str
             Pure, exec'able Python code. Special IPython commands should have
             already been translated into pure Python.
         """
 
         # We use a CommandCompiler instance to compile the code so as to keep
         # track of __future__ imports.
         try:
             commands = self.split_commands(python)
         except (SyntaxError, IndentationError), e:
             # Save the exc_info so compilation related exceptions can be
             # reraised
             self.traceback_trap.args = sys.exc_info()
             self.pack_exception(self.message,e)
             return None
 
         for cmd in commands:
             try:
                 code = self.command_compiler(cmd, self.filename, 'single')
             except (SyntaxError, OverflowError, ValueError), e:
                 self.traceback_trap.args = sys.exc_info()
                 self.pack_exception(self.message,e)
                 # No point in continuing if one block raised
                 return None
             else:
                 self.execute_block(code)
 
     def execute_block(self,code):
         """Execute a single block of code in the user namespace.
 
         Return value: a flag indicating whether the code to be run completed
         successfully:
 
           - 0: successful execution.
           - 1: an error occurred.
           """
         
         outflag = 1 # start by assuming error, success will reset it
         try:
             exec code in self.user_ns
             outflag = 0
         except SystemExit:
             self.resetbuffer()
             self.traceback_trap.args = sys.exc_info()
         except:
             self.traceback_trap.args = sys.exc_info()
 
         return outflag
 
     def execute_macro(self, macro):
         """ Execute the value of a macro.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         macro : Macro
         """
 
         python = macro.value
         if self.translator is not None:
             python = self.translator(python)
         self.execute_python(python)
 
     def getCommand(self, i=None):
         """Gets the ith message in the message_cache.
         
         This is implemented here for compatibility with the old ipython1 shell
         I am not sure we need this though.  I even seem to remember that we
         were going to get rid of it.
         """
         return self.message_cache.get_message(i)
 
     def reset(self):
         """Reset the interpreter.
         
         Currently this only resets the users variables in the namespace.
         In the future we might want to also reset the other stateful
         things like that the Interpreter has, like In, Out, etc.
         """
         self.user_ns.clear()
         self.setup_namespace()
 
     def complete(self,line,text=None, pos=None):
         """Complete the given text.
 
         :Parameters:
 
           text : str
             Text fragment to be completed on.  Typically this is
         """
         # fixme: implement
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def push(self, ns):
         """ Put value into the namespace with name key.
         
         Parameters
         ----------
         **kwds
         """
 
         self.user_ns.update(ns)
 
     def push_function(self, ns):
         # First set the func_globals for all functions to self.user_ns
         new_kwds = {}
         for k, v in ns.iteritems():
             if not isinstance(v, FunctionType):
                 raise TypeError("function object expected")
             new_kwds[k] = FunctionType(v.func_code, self.user_ns)
         self.user_ns.update(new_kwds)        
 
     def pack_exception(self,message,exc):
         message['exception'] = exc.__class__
         message['exception_value'] = \
             traceback.format_exception_only(exc.__class__, exc)
 
     def feed_block(self, source, filename='<input>', symbol='single'):
         """Compile some source in the interpreter.
 
         One several things can happen:
 
         1) The input is incorrect; compile_command() raised an
         exception (SyntaxError or OverflowError).
 
         2) The input is incomplete, and more input is required;
         compile_command() returned None.  Nothing happens.
 
         3) The input is complete; compile_command() returned a code
         object.  The code is executed by calling self.runcode() (which
         also handles run-time exceptions, except for SystemExit).
 
         The return value is:
 
           - True in case 2
 
           - False in the other cases, unless an exception is raised, where
           None is returned instead.  This can be used by external callers to
           know whether to continue feeding input or not.
 
         The return value can be used to decide whether to use sys.ps1 or
         sys.ps2 to prompt the next line."""
 
         self.message = self.setup_message()
 
         try:
             code = self.command_compiler(source,filename,symbol)
         except (OverflowError, SyntaxError, IndentationError, ValueError ), e:
             # Case 1
             self.traceback_trap.args = sys.exc_info()
             self.pack_exception(self.message,e)
             return COMPILER_ERROR,False
 
         if code is None:
             # Case 2: incomplete input.  This means that the input can span
             # multiple lines.  But we still need to decide when to actually
             # stop taking user input.  Later we'll add auto-indentation support
             # somehow.  In the meantime, we'll just stop if there are two lines
             # of pure whitespace at the end.
             last_two = source.rsplit('\n',2)[-2:]
             print 'last two:',last_two  # dbg
             if len(last_two)==2 and all(s.isspace() for s in last_two):
                 return COMPLETE_INPUT,False
             else:
                 return INCOMPLETE_INPUT, True
         else:
             # Case 3
             return COMPLETE_INPUT, False
         
     def pull(self, keys):
         """ Get an item out of the namespace by key.
         
         Parameters
         ----------
         key : str
 
         Returns
         -------
         value : object
 
         Raises
         ------
         TypeError if the key is not a string.
         NameError if the object doesn't exist.
         """
 
         if isinstance(keys, str):
             result = self.user_ns.get(keys, NotDefined())
             if isinstance(result, NotDefined):
                 raise NameError('name %s is not defined' % keys)        
         elif isinstance(keys, (list, tuple)):
             result = []
             for key in keys:
                 if not isinstance(key, str):
                     raise TypeError("objects must be keyed by strings.")
                 else:
                     r = self.user_ns.get(key, NotDefined())
                     if isinstance(r, NotDefined):
                         raise NameError('name %s is not defined' % key)
                     else:
                         result.append(r)
                     if len(keys)==1:
                         result = result[0]
         else:
             raise TypeError("keys must be a strong or a list/tuple of strings")
         return result
 
     def pull_function(self, keys):
         return self.pull(keys)
 
     #### Interactive user API ##################################################
 
     def ipsystem(self, command):
         """ Execute a command in a system shell while expanding variables in the
         current namespace.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         command : str
         """
 
         # Expand $variables.
         command = self.var_expand(command)
 
         system_shell(command,
             header='IPython system call: ',
             verbose=self.rc.system_verbose,
         )
 
     def ipmagic(self, arg_string):
         """ Call a magic function by name.
 
         ipmagic('name -opt foo bar') is equivalent to typing at the ipython
         prompt:
 
         In[1]: %name -opt foo bar
 
         To call a magic without arguments, simply use ipmagic('name').
 
         This provides a proper Python function to call IPython's magics in any
         valid Python code you can type at the interpreter, including loops and
         compound statements.  It is added by IPython to the Python builtin
         namespace upon initialization.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         arg_string : str
             A string containing the name of the magic function to call and any
             additional arguments to be passed to the magic.
 
         Returns
         -------
         something : object
             The return value of the actual object.
         """
 
         # Taken from IPython.
         raise NotImplementedError('Not ported yet')
 
         args = arg_string.split(' ', 1)
         magic_name = args[0]
         magic_name = magic_name.lstrip(self.config.ESC_MAGIC)
 
         try:
             magic_args = args[1]
         except IndexError:
             magic_args = ''
         fn = getattr(self.magic, 'magic_'+magic_name, None)
         if fn is None:
             self.error("Magic function `%s` not found." % magic_name)
         else:
             magic_args = self.var_expand(magic_args)
             return fn(magic_args)
 
 
     #### Private 'Interpreter' interface #######################################
 
     def setup_message(self):
         """Return a message object.
 
         This method prepares and returns a message dictionary.  This dict
         contains the various fields that are used to transfer information about
         execution, results, tracebacks, etc, to clients (either in or out of
         process ones).  Because of the need to work with possibly out of
         process clients, this dict MUST contain strictly pickle-safe values.
         """
 
         return dict(number=self.current_cell_number)
     
     def setup_namespace(self):
         """ Add things to the namespace.
         """
 
         self.user_ns.setdefault('__name__', '__main__')
         self.user_ns.setdefault('__builtins__', __builtin__)
         self.user_ns['__IP'] = self
         if self.raw_input_builtin is not None:
             self.user_ns['raw_input'] = self.raw_input_builtin
         if self.input_builtin is not None:
             self.user_ns['input'] = self.input_builtin
 
         builtin_additions = dict(
             ipmagic=self.ipmagic,
         )
         __builtin__.__dict__.update(builtin_additions)
 
         if self.history is not None:
             self.history.setup_namespace(self.user_ns)
 
     def set_traps(self):
         """ Set all of the output, display, and traceback traps.
         """
 
         self.output_trap.set()
         self.display_trap.set()
         self.traceback_trap.set()
 
     def unset_traps(self):
         """ Unset all of the output, display, and traceback traps.
         """
 
         self.output_trap.unset()
         self.display_trap.unset()
         self.traceback_trap.unset()
 
     def split_commands(self, python):
         """ Split multiple lines of code into discrete commands that can be
         executed singly.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         python : str
             Pure, exec'able Python code.
 
         Returns
         -------
         commands : list of str
             Separate commands that can be exec'ed independently.
         """
 
         # compiler.parse treats trailing spaces after a newline as a
         # SyntaxError.  This is different than codeop.CommandCompiler, which
         # will compile the trailng spaces just fine.  We simply strip any
         # trailing whitespace off.  Passing a string with trailing whitespace
         # to exec will fail however.  There seems to be some inconsistency in
         # how trailing whitespace is handled, but this seems to work.
         python = python.strip()
 
         # The compiler module will parse the code into an abstract syntax tree.
         ast = compiler.parse(python)
 
         # Uncomment to help debug the ast tree
         # for n in ast.node:
         #     print n.lineno,'->',n
                 
         # Each separate command is available by iterating over ast.node. The
         # lineno attribute is the line number (1-indexed) beginning the commands
         # suite.
         # lines ending with ";" yield a Discard Node that doesn't have a lineno
         # attribute.  These nodes can and should be discarded.  But there are
         # other situations that cause Discard nodes that shouldn't be discarded.
         # We might eventually discover other cases where lineno is None and have
         # to put in a more sophisticated test.
         linenos = [x.lineno-1 for x in ast.node if x.lineno is not None]
 
         # When we finally get the slices, we will need to slice all the way to
         # the end even though we don't have a line number for it. Fortunately,
         # None does the job nicely.
         linenos.append(None)
         lines = python.splitlines()
 
         # Create a list of atomic commands.
         cmds = []
         for i, j in zip(linenos[:-1], linenos[1:]):
             cmd = lines[i:j]
             if cmd:
                 cmds.append('\n'.join(cmd)+'\n')
 
         return cmds
 
     def error(self, text):
         """ Pass an error message back to the shell.
 
         Preconditions
         -------------
         This should only be called when self.message is set. In other words,
         when code is being executed.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         text : str
         """
 
         errors = self.message.get('IPYTHON_ERROR', [])
         errors.append(text)
 
     def var_expand(self, template):
         """ Expand $variables in the current namespace using Itpl.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         template : str
         """
 
         return str(ItplNS(template, self.user_ns))
 
     def _possible_macro(self, obj):
         """ If the object is a macro, execute it.
         """
 
         if isinstance(obj, Macro):
             self.execute_macro(obj)
 

IPython/kernel/core/output_trap.py

@@ -1,99 +1,107 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 
 """ Trap stdout/stderr."""
 
 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import sys
 from cStringIO import StringIO
 
 
 class OutputTrap(object):
     """ Object which can trap text sent to stdout and stderr.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self, out=None, err=None):
         # Filelike objects to store stdout/stderr text.
-        self.out = StringIO()
-        self.err = StringIO()
+        if out is None:
+            self.out = StringIO()
+        else:
+            self.out = out
+        if err is None:
+            self.err = StringIO()
+        else:
+            self.err = err
 
         # Boolean to check if the stdout/stderr hook is set.
         self.out_set = False
         self.err_set = False
 
     @property
     def out_text(self):
         """ Return the text currently in the stdout buffer.
         """
         return self.out.getvalue()
 
     @property
     def err_text(self):
         """ Return the text currently in the stderr buffer.
         """
         return self.err.getvalue()
 
     def set(self):
         """ Set the hooks.
         """
 
         if sys.stdout is not self.out:
             self._out_save = sys.stdout
             sys.stdout = self.out
             self.out_set = True
 
         if sys.stderr is not self.err:
             self._err_save = sys.stderr
             sys.stderr = self.err
             self.err_set = True
 
     def unset(self):
         """ Remove the hooks.
         """
 
-        sys.stdout = self._out_save
+        if self.out_set:
+            sys.stdout = self._out_save
         self.out_set = False
 
-        sys.stderr = self._err_save
+        if self.err_set:
+            sys.stderr = self._err_save
         self.err_set = False
 
     def clear(self):
         """ Clear out the buffers.
         """
 
-        self.out.close()
-        self.out = StringIO()
+        self.out.reset()
+        self.out.truncate()
 
-        self.err.close()
-        self.err = StringIO()
+        self.err.reset()
+        self.err.truncate()
 
     def add_to_message(self, message):
         """ Add the text from stdout and stderr to the message from the
         interpreter to its listeners.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         message : dict
         """
 
         out_text = self.out_text
         if out_text:
             message['stdout'] = out_text
 
         err_text = self.err_text
         if err_text:
             message['stderr'] = err_text
 
 
 

IPython/kernel/core/traceback_trap.py

@@ -1,83 +1,85 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 
 """Object to manage sys.excepthook()."""
 
 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 import sys
-
+from traceback import format_list
 
 class TracebackTrap(object):
     """ Object to trap and format tracebacks.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, formatters=None):
         # A list of formatters to apply.
         if formatters is None:
             formatters = []
         self.formatters = formatters
 
         # All of the traceback information provided to sys.excepthook().
         self.args = None
 
         # The previous hook before we replace it.
         self.old_hook = None
 
 
     def hook(self, *args):
         """ This method actually implements the hook.
         """
-
         self.args = args
 
     def set(self):
         """ Set the hook.
         """
 
         if sys.excepthook is not self.hook:
             self.old_hook = sys.excepthook
             sys.excepthook = self.hook
 
     def unset(self):
         """ Unset the hook.
         """
 
         sys.excepthook = self.old_hook
 
     def clear(self):
         """ Remove the stored traceback.
         """
 
         self.args = None
 
     def add_to_message(self, message):
         """ Add the formatted display of the traceback to the message dictionary
         being returned from the interpreter to its listeners.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         message : dict
         """
 
         # If there was no traceback, then don't add anything.
         if self.args is None:
             return
 
         # Go through the list of formatters and let them add their formatting.
         traceback = {}
-        for formatter in self.formatters:
-            traceback[formatter.identifier] = formatter(*self.args)
-        
+        try:
+            for formatter in self.formatters:
+                traceback[formatter.identifier] = formatter(*self.args)
+        except:
+            # This works always, including with string exceptions.
+            traceback['fallback'] = repr(self.args)
+
         message['traceback'] = traceback
 

IPython/testing/decorators.py

@@ -1,133 +1,135 b''
 """Decorators for labeling test objects.
 
 Decorators that merely return a modified version of the original
 function object are straightforward.  Decorators that return a new
 function object need to use
 nose.tools.make_decorator(original_function)(decorator) in returning
 the decorator, in order to preserve metadata such as function name,
 setup and teardown functions and so on - see nose.tools for more
 information.
 
 NOTE: This file contains IPython-specific decorators and imports the
 numpy.testing.decorators file, which we've copied verbatim.  Any of our own
 code will be added at the bottom if we end up extending this.
 """
 
 # Stdlib imports
 import inspect
 
 # Third-party imports
 
 # This is Michele Simionato's decorator module, also kept verbatim.
 from decorator_msim import decorator, update_wrapper
 
 # Grab the numpy-specific decorators which we keep in a file that we
 # occasionally update from upstream: decorators_numpy.py is an IDENTICAL copy
 # of numpy.testing.decorators.
 from decorators_numpy import *
 
 ##############################################################################
 # Local code begins
 
 # Utility functions
 
 def apply_wrapper(wrapper,func):
     """Apply a wrapper to a function for decoration.
 
     This mixes Michele Simionato's decorator tool with nose's make_decorator,
     to apply a wrapper in a decorator so that all nose attributes, as well as
     function signature and other properties, survive the decoration cleanly.
     This will ensure that wrapped functions can still be well introspected via
     IPython, for example.
     """
     import nose.tools
 
     return decorator(wrapper,nose.tools.make_decorator(func)(wrapper))
 
 
 def make_label_dec(label,ds=None):
     """Factory function to create a decorator that applies one or more labels.
 
     :Parameters:
       label : string or sequence
       One or more labels that will be applied by the decorator to the functions
     it decorates.  Labels are attributes of the decorated function with their
     value set to True.
 
     :Keywords:
       ds : string
       An optional docstring for the resulting decorator.  If not given, a
       default docstring is auto-generated.
 
     :Returns:
       A decorator.
 
     :Examples:
 
     A simple labeling decorator:
     >>> slow = make_label_dec('slow')
     >>> print slow.__doc__
     Labels a test as 'slow'.
 
     And one that uses multiple labels and a custom docstring:
     >>> rare = make_label_dec(['slow','hard'],
     ... "Mix labels 'slow' and 'hard' for rare tests.")
     >>> print rare.__doc__
     Mix labels 'slow' and 'hard' for rare tests.
 
     Now, let's test using this one:
     >>> @rare
     ... def f(): pass
     ...
     >>>
     >>> f.slow
     True
     >>> f.hard
     True
     """
 
     if isinstance(label,basestring):
         labels = [label]
     else:
         labels = label
         
     # Validate that the given label(s) are OK for use in setattr() by doing a
     # dry run on a dummy function.
     tmp = lambda : None
     for label in labels:
         setattr(tmp,label,True)
 
     # This is the actual decorator we'll return
     def decor(f):
         for label in labels:
             setattr(f,label,True)
         return f
     
     # Apply the user's docstring, or autogenerate a basic one
     if ds is None:
         ds = "Labels a test as %r." % label
     decor.__doc__ = ds
     
     return decor
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Decorators for public use
 
 skip_doctest = make_label_dec('skip_doctest',
     """Decorator - mark a function or method for skipping its doctest.
 
     This decorator allows you to mark a function whose docstring you wish to
     omit from testing, while preserving the docstring for introspection, help,
     etc.""")                              
 
 
 def skip(func):
     """Decorator - mark a test function for skipping from test suite."""
 
     import nose
     
     def wrapper(*a,**k):
         raise nose.SkipTest("Skipping test for function: %s" %
                             func.__name__)
     
     return apply_wrapper(wrapper,func)
+
+

IPython/testing/plugin/Makefile

@@ -1,66 +1,66 b''
 # Set this prefix to where you want to install the plugin
 PREFIX=~/usr/local
 PREFIX=~/tmp/local
 
-NOSE0=nosetests -vs --with-doctest --doctest-tests
-NOSE=nosetests -vvs --with-ipdoctest --doctest-tests --doctest-extension=txt
+NOSE0=nosetests -vs --with-doctest --doctest-tests --detailed-errors
+NOSE=nosetests -vvs --with-ipdoctest --doctest-tests --doctest-extension=txt --detailed-errors
 
 SRC=ipdoctest.py setup.py ../decorators.py
 
 # Default target for clean 'make'
 default: iplib
 
 # The actual plugin installation
 plugin: IPython_doctest_plugin.egg-info
 
 # Simple targets that test one thing
 simple: plugin simple.py
 	$(NOSE) simple.py
 
 dtest: plugin dtexample.py
 	$(NOSE) dtexample.py
 
 rtest: plugin test_refs.py
 	$(NOSE) test_refs.py
 
 test: plugin dtexample.py
 	$(NOSE) dtexample.py test*.py test*.txt
 
 deb: plugin dtexample.py
 	$(NOSE) test_combo.txt
 
 # IPython tests
 deco:
 	$(NOSE0) -x IPython.testing.decorators
 
 magic: plugin
 	$(NOSE) -x IPython.Magic
 
 ipipe: plugin
 	$(NOSE) -x IPython.Extensions.ipipe
 
 iplib: plugin
 	$(NOSE) -x IPython.iplib
 
 strd: plugin
 	nosetests -vs --with-doctest --doctest-tests IPython.strdispatch
 	$(NOSE) IPython.strdispatch
 
 # All of ipython itself
 ipython: plugin
 	$(NOSE) IPython
 
 # Combined targets
 sr: rtest strd
 
 base: dtest rtest test strd deco
 
 all: base ipython
 
 # Main plugin and cleanup
 IPython_doctest_plugin.egg-info: $(SRC)
 	python setup.py install --prefix=$(PREFIX)
 	touch $@
 
 clean:
 	rm -rf IPython_doctest_plugin.egg-info *~ *pyc build/ dist/

setup.py

@@ -1,174 +1,175 b''
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """Setup script for IPython.
 
 Under Posix environments it works like a typical setup.py script. 
 Under Windows, the command sdist is not supported, since IPython 
 requires utilities which are not available under Windows."""
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # Stdlib imports
 import os
 import sys
 
 from glob import glob
 
 # BEFORE importing distutils, remove MANIFEST. distutils doesn't properly
 # update it when the contents of directories change.
 if os.path.exists('MANIFEST'): os.remove('MANIFEST')
 
 from distutils.core import setup
 
 # Local imports
 from IPython.genutils import target_update
 
 from setupbase import (
     setup_args, 
     find_packages, 
     find_package_data, 
     find_scripts,
     find_data_files,
     check_for_dependencies
 )
 
 isfile = os.path.isfile
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Handle OS specific things
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 if os.name == 'posix':
     os_name = 'posix'
 elif os.name in ['nt','dos']:
     os_name = 'windows'
 else:
     print 'Unsupported operating system:',os.name
     sys.exit(1)
 
 # Under Windows, 'sdist' has not been supported.  Now that the docs build with
 # Sphinx it might work, but let's not turn it on until someone confirms that it
 # actually works.
 if os_name == 'windows' and 'sdist' in sys.argv:
     print 'The sdist command is not available under Windows.  Exiting.'
     sys.exit(1)
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Things related to the IPython documentation
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # update the manuals when building a source dist
 if len(sys.argv) >= 2 and sys.argv[1] in ('sdist','bdist_rpm'):
     import textwrap
 
     # List of things to be updated. Each entry is a triplet of args for
     # target_update()
     to_update = [
                   # FIXME - Disabled for now: we need to redo an automatic way
                   # of generating the magic info inside the rst.                
                   #('doc/magic.tex',
                   #['IPython/Magic.py'],
                   #"cd doc && ./update_magic.sh" ),
                  
                  ('doc/ipython.1.gz',
                   ['doc/ipython.1'],
                   "cd doc && gzip -9c ipython.1 > ipython.1.gz"),
 
                  ('doc/pycolor.1.gz',
                   ['doc/pycolor.1'],
                   "cd doc && gzip -9c pycolor.1 > pycolor.1.gz"),
                  ]
 
     # Only build the docs is sphinx is present
     try:
         import sphinx
     except ImportError:
         pass
     else:
         pass
         # BEG: This is disabled as I am not sure what to depend on.
         # I actually don't think we should be automatically building
         # the docs for people.
         # The do_sphinx scripts builds html and pdf, so just one
         # target is enough to cover all manual generation
         # to_update.append(
         #     ('doc/manual/ipython.pdf',
         #     ['IPython/Release.py','doc/source/ipython.rst'],
         #     "cd docs && python do_sphinx.py")
         # )
     [ target_update(*t) for t in to_update ]
 
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Find all the packages, package data, scripts and data_files
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 packages = find_packages()
 package_data = find_package_data()
 scripts = find_scripts()
 data_files = find_data_files()
 
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Handle dependencies and setuptools specific things
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # This dict is used for passing extra arguments that are setuptools 
 # specific to setup
 setuptools_extra_args = {}
 
 if 'setuptools' in sys.modules:
     setuptools_extra_args['zip_safe'] = False
     setuptools_extra_args['entry_points'] = {
         'console_scripts': [
             'ipython = IPython.ipapi:launch_new_instance',
             'pycolor = IPython.PyColorize:main',
             'ipcontroller = IPython.kernel.scripts.ipcontroller:main',
             'ipengine = IPython.kernel.scripts.ipengine:main',
-            'ipcluster = IPython.kernel.scripts.ipcluster:main'
+            'ipcluster = IPython.kernel.scripts.ipcluster:main',
+            'ipythonx = IPython.frontend.wx.ipythonx:main'
         ]
     }
     setup_args["extras_require"] = dict(
         kernel = [
             "zope.interface>=3.4.1",
             "Twisted>=8.0.1",
             "foolscap>=0.2.6"        
         ],
         doc=['Sphinx>=0.3','pygments'],
         test='nose>=0.10.1',
         security=["pyOpenSSL>=0.6"]
     )
     # Allow setuptools to handle the scripts
     scripts = []
     # eggs will lack docs, examples
     data_files = []
 else:
     # package_data of setuptools was introduced to distutils in 2.4
     cfgfiles = filter(isfile, glob('IPython/UserConfig/*'))
     if sys.version_info < (2,4):
         data_files.append(('lib', 'IPython/UserConfig', cfgfiles))
     # If we are running without setuptools, call this function which will
     # check for dependencies an inform the user what is needed.  This is
     # just to make life easy for users.
     check_for_dependencies()
 
 
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Do the actual setup now
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 setup_args['packages'] = packages
 setup_args['package_data'] = package_data
 setup_args['scripts'] = scripts
 setup_args['data_files'] = data_files
 setup_args.update(setuptools_extra_args)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     setup(**setup_args)

setupbase.py

@@ -1,232 +1,237 b''
 # encoding: utf-8
 
 """
 This module defines the things that are used in setup.py for building IPython
 
 This includes:
 
     * The basic arguments to setup
     * Functions for finding things like packages, package data, etc.
     * A function for checking dependencies.
 """
 
 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import os, sys
 
 from glob import glob
 
 from setupext import install_data_ext
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Useful globals and utility functions
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # A few handy globals
 isfile = os.path.isfile
 pjoin = os.path.join
 
 def oscmd(s):
     print ">", s
     os.system(s)
 
 # A little utility we'll need below, since glob() does NOT allow you to do
 # exclusion on multiple endings!
 def file_doesnt_endwith(test,endings):
     """Return true if test is a file and its name does NOT end with any
     of the strings listed in endings."""
     if not isfile(test):
         return False
     for e in endings:
         if test.endswith(e):
             return False
     return True
 
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Basic project information
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # Release.py contains version, authors, license, url, keywords, etc.
 execfile(pjoin('IPython','Release.py'))
 
 # Create a dict with the basic information
 # This dict is eventually passed to setup after additional keys are added.
 setup_args = dict(
       name             = name,
       version          = version,
       description      = description,
       long_description = long_description,
       author           = author,
       author_email     = author_email,
       url              = url,
       download_url     = download_url,
       license          = license,
       platforms        = platforms,
       keywords         = keywords,
       cmdclass         = {'install_data': install_data_ext},
       )
 
 
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Find packages
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def add_package(packages, pname, config=False, tests=False, scripts=False, others=None):
     """
     Add a package to the list of packages, including certain subpackages.
     """
     packages.append('.'.join(['IPython',pname]))
     if config:
         packages.append('.'.join(['IPython',pname,'config']))
     if tests:
         packages.append('.'.join(['IPython',pname,'tests']))
     if scripts:
         packages.append('.'.join(['IPython',pname,'scripts']))
     if others is not None:
         for o in others:
             packages.append('.'.join(['IPython',pname,o]))
 
 def find_packages():
     """
     Find all of IPython's packages.
     """
     packages = ['IPython']
     add_package(packages, 'config', tests=True)
     add_package(packages , 'Extensions')
     add_package(packages, 'external')
     add_package(packages, 'gui')
     add_package(packages, 'gui.wx')
+    add_package(packages, 'frontend', tests=True)
+    add_package(packages, 'frontend._process')
+    add_package(packages, 'frontend.wx')
+    add_package(packages, 'frontend.cocoa', tests=True)
     add_package(packages, 'kernel', config=True, tests=True, scripts=True)
     add_package(packages, 'kernel.core', config=True, tests=True)
     add_package(packages, 'testing', tests=True)
     add_package(packages, 'tools', tests=True)
     add_package(packages, 'UserConfig')
     return packages
 
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Find package data
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def find_package_data():
     """
     Find IPython's package_data.
     """
     # This is not enough for these things to appear in an sdist.
     # We need to muck with the MANIFEST to get this to work
     package_data = {
         'IPython.UserConfig' : ['*'],
         'IPython.tools.tests' : ['*.txt'],
         'IPython.testing' : ['*.txt']
     }
     return package_data
 
 
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Find data files
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def find_data_files():
     """
     Find IPython's data_files.
     """
     
     # I can't find how to make distutils create a nested dir. structure, so
     # in the meantime do it manually. Butt ugly.
     # Note that http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~noel/distutils.html, ex. 2/3, contain
     # information on how to do this more cleanly once python 2.4 can be assumed.
     # Thanks to Noel for the tip.
     docdirbase  = 'share/doc/ipython'
     manpagebase = 'share/man/man1'
 
     # We only need to exclude from this things NOT already excluded in the
     # MANIFEST.in file.
     exclude     = ('.sh','.1.gz')
     # We need to figure out how we want to package all of our rst docs?
     # docfiles    = filter(lambda f:file_doesnt_endwith(f,exclude),glob('docs/*'))
     examfiles   = filter(isfile, glob('docs/examples/core/*.py'))
     examfiles.append(filter(isfile, glob('docs/examples/kernel/*.py')))
     manpages    = filter(isfile, glob('docs/man/*.1.gz'))
     igridhelpfiles = filter(isfile, glob('IPython/Extensions/igrid_help.*'))
     
     data_files = [#('data', docdirbase, docfiles),
                  ('data', pjoin(docdirbase, 'examples'),examfiles),
                  ('data', manpagebase, manpages),
                  ('data',pjoin(docdirbase, 'extensions'),igridhelpfiles),
                  ]
     # import pprint
     # pprint.pprint(data_files)
     return []
 
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Find scripts
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def find_scripts():
     """
     Find IPython's scripts.
     """
     scripts = []
     scripts.append('IPython/kernel/scripts/ipengine')
     scripts.append('IPython/kernel/scripts/ipcontroller')
     scripts.append('IPython/kernel/scripts/ipcluster')
     scripts.append('scripts/ipython')
+    scripts.append('scripts/ipythonx')
     scripts.append('scripts/pycolor')
     scripts.append('scripts/irunner')
     
     # Script to be run by the windows binary installer after the default setup
     # routine, to add shortcuts and similar windows-only things.  Windows
     # post-install scripts MUST reside in the scripts/ dir, otherwise distutils
     # doesn't find them.
     if 'bdist_wininst' in sys.argv:
         if len(sys.argv) > 2 and ('sdist' in sys.argv or 'bdist_rpm' in sys.argv):
             print >> sys.stderr,"ERROR: bdist_wininst must be run alone. Exiting."
             sys.exit(1)
         scripts.append('scripts/ipython_win_post_install.py')
     
     return scripts
 
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Find scripts
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def check_for_dependencies():
     """Check for IPython's dependencies.
     
     This function should NOT be called if running under setuptools!
     """
     from setupext.setupext import (
         print_line, print_raw, print_status, print_message,
         check_for_zopeinterface, check_for_twisted,
         check_for_foolscap, check_for_pyopenssl,
         check_for_sphinx, check_for_pygments,
         check_for_nose, check_for_pexpect
     )
     print_line()
     print_raw("BUILDING IPYTHON")
     print_status('python', sys.version)
     print_status('platform', sys.platform)
     if sys.platform == 'win32':
         print_status('Windows version', sys.getwindowsversion())
     
     print_raw("")
     print_raw("OPTIONAL DEPENDENCIES")
 
     check_for_zopeinterface()
     check_for_twisted()
     check_for_foolscap()
     check_for_pyopenssl()
     check_for_sphinx()
     check_for_pygments()
     check_for_nose()
-    check_for_pexpect()
  No newline at end of file
+    check_for_pexpect()