ipcontroller/ipengine use the new clusterdir.py module.

IPython/kernel/clusterdir.py

@@ -0,0 +1,251
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# encoding: utf-8
+"""
+The IPython cluster directory
+"""
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
+#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+import os
+import shutil
+
+from IPython.core import release
+from IPython.config.loader import PyFileConfigLoader
+from IPython.core.application import Application
+from IPython.core.component import Component
+from IPython.config.loader import ArgParseConfigLoader, NoConfigDefault
+from IPython.utils.traitlets import Unicode
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class ClusterDir(Component):
+    """An object to manage the cluster directory and its resources.
+
+    The cluster directory is used by :command:`ipcontroller`, 
+    :command:`ipcontroller` and :command:`ipcontroller` to manage the
+    configuration, logging and security of these applications.
+
+    This object knows how to find, create and manage these directories. This
+    should be used by any code that want's to handle cluster directories.
+    """
+
+    security_dir_name = Unicode('security')
+    log_dir_name = Unicode('log')
+    security_dir = Unicode()
+    log_dir = Unicode('')
+    location = Unicode('')
+
+    def __init__(self, location):
+        super(ClusterDir, self).__init__(None)
+        self.location = location
+
+    def _location_changed(self, name, old, new):
+        if not os.path.isdir(new):
+            os.makedirs(new, mode=0777)
+        else:
+            os.chmod(new, 0777)
+        self.security_dir = os.path.join(new, self.security_dir_name)
+        self.log_dir = os.path.join(new, self.log_dir_name)
+
+    def _log_dir_changed(self, name, old, new):
+        if not os.path.isdir(new):
+            os.mkdir(new, 0777)
+        else:
+            os.chmod(new, 0777)
+
+    def _security_dir_changed(self, name, old, new):
+        if not os.path.isdir(new):
+            os.mkdir(new, 0700)
+        else:
+            os.chmod(new, 0700)
+
+    def load_config_file(self, filename):
+        """Load a config file from the top level of the cluster dir.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        filename : unicode or str
+            The filename only of the config file that must be located in
+            the top-level of the cluster directory.
+        """
+        loader = PyFileConfigLoader(filename, self.location)
+        return loader.load_config()
+
+    def copy_config_file(self, config_file, path=None):
+        """Copy a default config file into the active cluster directory.
+
+        Default configuration files are kept in :mod:`IPython.config.default`.
+        This function moves these from that location to the working cluster
+        directory.
+        """
+        if path is None:
+            import IPython.config.default
+            path = IPython.config.default.__file__.split(os.path.sep)[:-1]
+            path = os.path.sep.join(path)
+        src = os.path.join(path, config_file)
+        dst = os.path.join(self.location, config_file)
+        shutil.copy(src, dst)
+
+    def copy_all_config_files(self):
+        """Copy all config files into the active cluster directory."""
+        for f in ['ipcontroller_config.py', 'ipengine_config.py']:
+            self.copy_config_file(f)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def find_cluster_dir_by_profile(cls, path, profile='default'):
+        """Find/create a cluster dir by profile name and return its ClusterDir.
+
+        This will create the cluster directory if it doesn't exist.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path : unicode or str
+            The directory path to look for the cluster directory in.
+        profile : unicode or str
+            The name of the profile.  The name of the cluster directory
+            will be "cluster_<profile>".
+        """
+        dirname = 'cluster_' + profile
+        cluster_dir = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), dirname)
+        if os.path.isdir(cluster_dir):
+            return ClusterDir(cluster_dir)
+        else:
+            if not os.path.isdir(path):
+                raise IOError("Directory doesn't exist: %s" % path)
+            cluster_dir = os.path.join(path, dirname)
+            return ClusterDir(cluster_dir)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def find_cluster_dir(cls, cluster_dir):
+        """Find/create a cluster dir and return its ClusterDir.
+
+        This will create the cluster directory if it doesn't exist.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        cluster_dir : unicode or str
+            The path of the cluster directory.  This is expanded using
+            :func:`os.path.expandvars` and :func:`os.path.expanduser`.
+        """
+        cluster_dir = os.path.expandvars(os.path.expanduser(cluster_dir))
+        return ClusterDir(cluster_dir)
+
+
+class AppWithClusterDirArgParseConfigLoader(ArgParseConfigLoader):
+    """Default command line options for IPython cluster applications."""
+
+    def _add_other_arguments(self):
+        self.parser.add_argument('-ipythondir', '--ipython-dir', 
+            dest='Global.ipythondir',type=str,
+            help='Set to override default location of Global.ipythondir.',
+            default=NoConfigDefault,
+            metavar='Global.ipythondir')
+        self.parser.add_argument('-p','-profile', '--profile',
+            dest='Global.profile',type=str,
+            help='The string name of the profile to be used. This determines '
+            'the name of the cluster dir as: cluster_<profile>. The default profile '
+            'is named "default".  The cluster directory is resolve this way '
+            'if the --cluster-dir option is not used.',
+            default=NoConfigDefault,
+            metavar='Global.profile')
+        self.parser.add_argument('-log_level', '--log-level',
+            dest="Global.log_level",type=int,
+            help='Set the log level (0,10,20,30,40,50).  Default is 30.',
+            default=NoConfigDefault)
+        self.parser.add_argument('-cluster_dir', '--cluster-dir',
+            dest='Global.cluster_dir',type=str,
+            help='Set the cluster dir. This overrides the logic used by the '
+            '--profile option.',
+            default=NoConfigDefault,
+            metavar='Global.cluster_dir')
+
+
+class ApplicationWithClusterDir(Application):
+    """An application that puts everything into a cluster directory.
+
+    Instead of looking for things in the ipythondir, this type of application
+    will use its own private directory called the "cluster directory"
+    for things like config files, log files, etc.
+
+    The cluster directory is resolved as follows:
+
+    * If the ``--cluster-dir`` option is given, it is used.
+    * If ``--cluster-dir`` is not given, the application directory is 
+      resolve using the profile name as ``cluster_<profile>``. The search 
+      path for this directory is then i) cwd if it is found there
+      and ii) in ipythondir otherwise.
+
+    The config file for the application is to be put in the cluster
+    dir and named the value of the ``config_file_name`` class attribute.
+    """
+
+    def create_default_config(self):
+        super(ApplicationWithClusterDir, self).create_default_config()
+        self.default_config.Global.profile = 'default'
+        self.default_config.Global.cluster_dir = ''
+
+    def create_command_line_config(self):
+        """Create and return a command line config loader."""
+        return AppWithClusterDirArgParseConfigLoader(
+            description=self.description, 
+            version=release.version
+        )
+
+    def find_config_file_name(self):
+        """Find the config file name for this application."""
+        # For this type of Application it should be set as a class attribute.
+        if not hasattr(self, 'config_file_name'):
+            self.log.critical("No config filename found")
+
+    def find_config_file_paths(self):
+        """This resolves the cluster directory and sets ``config_file_paths``.
+
+        This does the following:
+        * Create the :class:`ClusterDir` object for the application.
+        * Set the ``cluster_dir`` attribute of the application and config
+          objects.
+        * Set ``config_file_paths`` to point to the cluster directory.
+        """
+
+        # Create the ClusterDir object for managing everything
+        try:
+            cluster_dir = self.command_line_config.Global.cluster_dir
+        except AttributeError:
+            cluster_dir = self.default_config.Global.cluster_dir
+        cluster_dir = os.path.expandvars(os.path.expanduser(cluster_dir))
+        if cluster_dir:
+            # Just use cluster_dir
+            self.cluster_dir_obj = ClusterDir.find_cluster_dir(cluster_dir)
+        else:
+            # Then look for a profile
+            try:
+                self.profile = self.command_line_config.Global.profile
+            except AttributeError:
+                self.profile = self.default_config.Global.profile
+            self.cluster_dir_obj = ClusterDir.find_cluster_dir_by_profile(
+                self.ipythondir, self.profile)
+
+        # Set the cluster directory
+        self.cluster_dir = self.cluster_dir_obj.location
+        
+        # These have to be set because they could be different from the one
+        # that we just computed.  Because command line has the highest
+        # priority, this will always end up in the master_config.
+        self.default_config.Global.cluster_dir = self.cluster_dir
+        self.command_line_config.Global.cluster_dir = self.cluster_dir
+        self.log.info("Cluster directory set to: %s" % self.cluster_dir)
+
+        # Set the search path to the cluster directory
+        self.config_file_paths = (self.cluster_dir,)

IPython/core/application.py

@@ -1,454 +1,345
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
-An application for IPython
+An application for IPython.
+
+All top-level applications should use the classes in this module for
+handling configuration and creating componenets.
+
+The job of an :class:`Application` is to create the master configuration 
+object and then create the components, passing the config to them.
 
 Authors:
 
 * Brian Granger
 * Fernando Perez
 
 Notes
 -----
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import logging
 import os
-
 import sys
-import traceback
-from copy import deepcopy
 
 from IPython.core import release
-from IPython.utils.genutils import get_ipython_dir, filefind
+from IPython.utils.genutils import get_ipython_dir
 from IPython.config.loader import (
     PyFileConfigLoader,
     ArgParseConfigLoader,
     Config,
     NoConfigDefault
 )
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Classes and functions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class BaseAppArgParseConfigLoader(ArgParseConfigLoader):
     """Default command line options for IPython based applications."""
 
     def _add_other_arguments(self):
         self.parser.add_argument('-ipythondir', '--ipython-dir', 
             dest='Global.ipythondir',type=str,
             help='Set to override default location of Global.ipythondir.',
             default=NoConfigDefault,
             metavar='Global.ipythondir')
         self.parser.add_argument('-p','-profile', '--profile',
             dest='Global.profile',type=str,
             help='The string name of the ipython profile to be used.',
             default=NoConfigDefault,
             metavar='Global.profile')
         self.parser.add_argument('-log_level', '--log-level',
             dest="Global.log_level",type=int,
             help='Set the log level (0,10,20,30,40,50).  Default is 30.',
             default=NoConfigDefault,
             metavar='Global.log_level')
         self.parser.add_argument('-config_file', '--config-file',
             dest='Global.config_file',type=str,
             help='Set the config file name to override default.',
             default=NoConfigDefault,
             metavar='Global.config_file')
 
 
 class ApplicationError(Exception):
     pass
 
 
 class Application(object):
-    """Load a config, construct an app and run it.
-    """
+    """Load a config, construct components and set them running."""
 
     name = 'ipython'
     description = 'IPython: an enhanced interactive Python shell.'
     config_file_name = 'ipython_config.py'
     default_log_level = logging.WARN
-    
 
     def __init__(self):
         self.init_logger()
+        # Track the default and actual separately because some messages are
+        # only printed if we aren't using the default.
         self.default_config_file_name = self.config_file_name
 
     def init_logger(self):
         self.log = logging.getLogger(self.__class__.__name__)
         # This is used as the default until the command line arguments are read.
         self.log.setLevel(self.default_log_level)
         self._log_handler = logging.StreamHandler()
         self._log_formatter = logging.Formatter("[%(name)s] %(message)s")
         self._log_handler.setFormatter(self._log_formatter)
         self.log.addHandler(self._log_handler)
 
     def _set_log_level(self, level):
         self.log.setLevel(level)
 
     def _get_log_level(self):
         return self.log.level
 
     log_level = property(_get_log_level, _set_log_level)
 
     def start(self):
         """Start the application."""
         self.attempt(self.create_default_config)
         self.log_default_config()
         self.set_default_config_log_level()
         self.attempt(self.pre_load_command_line_config)
         self.attempt(self.load_command_line_config, action='abort')
         self.set_command_line_config_log_level()
         self.attempt(self.post_load_command_line_config)
         self.log_command_line_config()
         self.attempt(self.find_ipythondir)
         self.attempt(self.find_config_file_name)
         self.attempt(self.find_config_file_paths)
         self.attempt(self.pre_load_file_config)
         self.attempt(self.load_file_config)
         self.set_file_config_log_level()
         self.attempt(self.post_load_file_config)
         self.log_file_config()
         self.attempt(self.merge_configs)
         self.log_master_config()
         self.attempt(self.pre_construct)
         self.attempt(self.construct)
         self.attempt(self.post_construct)
         self.attempt(self.start_app)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Various stages of Application creation
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def create_default_config(self):
         """Create defaults that can't be set elsewhere.
 
         For the most part, we try to set default in the class attributes
         of Components.  But, defaults the top-level Application (which is
         not a HasTraitlets or Component) are not set in this way.  Instead
         we set them here.  The Global section is for variables like this that
         don't belong to a particular component.
         """
         self.default_config = Config()
         self.default_config.Global.ipythondir = get_ipython_dir()
         self.default_config.Global.log_level = self.log_level
 
     def log_default_config(self):
         self.log.debug('Default config loaded:')
         self.log.debug(repr(self.default_config))
 
     def set_default_config_log_level(self):
         try:
             self.log_level = self.default_config.Global.log_level
         except AttributeError:
             # Fallback to the default_log_level class attribute
             pass
 
     def create_command_line_config(self):
         """Create and return a command line config loader."""
         return BaseAppArgParseConfigLoader(
             description=self.description, 
             version=release.version
         )
 
     def pre_load_command_line_config(self):
         """Do actions just before loading the command line config."""
         pass
 
     def load_command_line_config(self):
         """Load the command line config."""
         loader = self.create_command_line_config()
         self.command_line_config = loader.load_config()
         self.extra_args = loader.get_extra_args()
 
     def set_command_line_config_log_level(self):
         try:
             self.log_level = self.command_line_config.Global.log_level
         except AttributeError:
             pass
 
     def post_load_command_line_config(self):
         """Do actions just after loading the command line config."""
         pass
 
     def log_command_line_config(self):
         self.log.debug("Command line config loaded:")
         self.log.debug(repr(self.command_line_config))
 
     def find_ipythondir(self):
         """Set the IPython directory.
 
         This sets ``self.ipythondir``, but the actual value that is passed
         to the application is kept in either ``self.default_config`` or
-        ``self.command_line_config``.  This also added ``self.ipythondir`` to
+        ``self.command_line_config``.  This also adds ``self.ipythondir`` to
         ``sys.path`` so config files there can be references by other config
         files.
         """
 
         try:
             self.ipythondir = self.command_line_config.Global.ipythondir
         except AttributeError:
             self.ipythondir = self.default_config.Global.ipythondir
         sys.path.append(os.path.abspath(self.ipythondir))
         if not os.path.isdir(self.ipythondir):
             os.makedirs(self.ipythondir, mode=0777)
         self.log.debug("IPYTHONDIR set to: %s" % self.ipythondir)
 
     def find_config_file_name(self):
         """Find the config file name for this application.
 
         This must set ``self.config_file_name`` to the filename of the
         config file to use (just the filename). The search paths for the
         config file are set in :meth:`find_config_file_paths` and then passed
         to the config file loader where they are resolved to an absolute path.
 
         If a profile has been set at the command line, this will resolve
         it.
         """
 
         try:
             self.config_file_name = self.command_line_config.Global.config_file
         except AttributeError:
             pass
 
         try:
             self.profile_name = self.command_line_config.Global.profile
             name_parts = self.config_file_name.split('.')
             name_parts.insert(1, '_' + self.profile_name + '.')
             self.config_file_name = ''.join(name_parts)
         except AttributeError:
             pass
 
     def find_config_file_paths(self):
         """Set the search paths for resolving the config file.
 
         This must set ``self.config_file_paths`` to a sequence of search
         paths to pass to the config file loader.
         """
         self.config_file_paths = (os.getcwd(), self.ipythondir)
 
     def pre_load_file_config(self):
         """Do actions before the config file is loaded."""
         pass
 
     def load_file_config(self):
         """Load the config file.
         
         This tries to load the config file from disk.  If successful, the
         ``CONFIG_FILE`` config variable is set to the resolved config file
         location.  If not successful, an empty config is used.
         """
         self.log.debug("Attempting to load config file: %s" % self.config_file_name)
         loader = PyFileConfigLoader(self.config_file_name,
                                     path=self.config_file_paths)
         try:
             self.file_config = loader.load_config()
             self.file_config.Global.config_file = loader.full_filename
         except IOError:
             # Only warn if the default config file was NOT being used.
             if not self.config_file_name==self.default_config_file_name:
                 self.log.warn("Config file not found, skipping: %s" % \
                                self.config_file_name, exc_info=True)
             self.file_config = Config()
         except:
             self.log.warn("Error loading config file: %s" % \
                            self.config_file_name, exc_info=True)
             self.file_config = Config()
 
     def set_file_config_log_level(self):
         # We need to keeep self.log_level updated.  But we only use the value
         # of the file_config if a value was not specified at the command
         # line, because the command line overrides everything.
         if not hasattr(self.command_line_config.Global, 'log_level'):
             try:
                 self.log_level = self.file_config.Global.log_level
             except AttributeError:
                 pass # Use existing value
 
     def post_load_file_config(self):
         """Do actions after the config file is loaded."""
         pass
 
     def log_file_config(self):
         if hasattr(self.file_config.Global, 'config_file'):
             self.log.debug("Config file loaded: %s" % self.file_config.Global.config_file)
             self.log.debug(repr(self.file_config))
 
     def merge_configs(self):
         """Merge the default, command line and file config objects."""
         config = Config()
         config._merge(self.default_config)
         config._merge(self.file_config)
         config._merge(self.command_line_config)
         self.master_config = config
 
     def log_master_config(self):
         self.log.debug("Master config created:")
         self.log.debug(repr(self.master_config))
 
     def pre_construct(self):
         """Do actions after the config has been built, but before construct."""
         pass
 
     def construct(self):
         """Construct the main components that make up this app."""
         self.log.debug("Constructing components for application")
 
     def post_construct(self):
         """Do actions after construct, but before starting the app."""
         pass
 
     def start_app(self):
         """Actually start the app."""
         self.log.debug("Starting application")
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Utility methods
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def abort(self):
         """Abort the starting of the application."""
         self.log.critical("Aborting application: %s" % self.name, exc_info=True)
         sys.exit(1)
 
     def exit(self):
         self.log.critical("Aborting application: %s" % self.name)
         sys.exit(1)
 
     def attempt(self, func, action='abort'):
         try:
             func()
         except SystemExit:
             self.exit()
         except:
             if action == 'abort':
                 self.abort()
             elif action == 'exit':
                 self.exit()
 
-
-class AppWithDirArgParseConfigLoader(ArgParseConfigLoader):
-    """Default command line options for IPython based applications."""
-
-    def _add_other_arguments(self):
-        self.parser.add_argument('-ipythondir', '--ipython-dir', 
-            dest='Global.ipythondir',type=str,
-            help='Set to override default location of Global.ipythondir.',
-            default=NoConfigDefault,
-            metavar='Global.ipythondir')
-        self.parser.add_argument('-p','-profile', '--profile',
-            dest='Global.profile',type=str,
-            help='The string name of the profile to be used. This determines '
-            'the name of the application dir: basename_<profile>.  The basename is '
-            'determined by the particular application.  The default profile '
-            'is named "default".  This convention is used if the -app_dir '
-            'option is not used.',
-            default=NoConfigDefault,
-            metavar='Global.profile')
-        self.parser.add_argument('-log_level', '--log-level',
-            dest="Global.log_level",type=int,
-            help='Set the log level (0,10,20,30,40,50).  Default is 30.',
-            default=NoConfigDefault)
-        self.parser.add_argument('-app_dir', '--app-dir',
-            dest='Global.app_dir',type=str,
-            help='Set the application dir where everything for this '
-            'application will be found (including the config file). This '
-            'overrides the logic used by the profile option.',
-            default=NoConfigDefault,
-            metavar='Global.app_dir')
-
-
-class ApplicationWithDir(Application):
-    """An application that puts everything into a application directory.
-
-    Instead of looking for things in the ipythondir, this type of application
-    will use its own private directory called the "application directory"
-    for things like config files, log files, etc.
-
-    The application directory is resolved as follows:
-
-    * If the ``--app-dir`` option is given, it is used.
-    * If ``--app-dir`` is not given, the application directory is resolve using
-      ``app_dir_basename`` and ``profile`` as ``<app_dir_basename>_<profile>``.
-      The search path for this directory is then i) cwd if it is found there
-      and ii) in ipythondir otherwise.
-
-    The config file for the application is to be put in the application
-    dir and named the value of the ``config_file_name`` class attribute.
-    """
-
-    # The basename used for the application dir: <app_dir_basename>_<profile>
-    app_dir_basename = 'cluster'
-
-    def create_default_config(self):
-        super(ApplicationWithDir, self).create_default_config()
-        self.default_config.Global.profile = 'default'
-        # The application dir.  This is empty initially so the default is to
-        # try to resolve this using the profile.
-        self.default_config.Global.app_dir = ''
-
-    def create_command_line_config(self):
-        """Create and return a command line config loader."""
-        return AppWithDirArgParseConfigLoader(
-            description=self.description, 
-            version=release.version
-        )
-
-    def find_config_file_name(self):
-        """Find the config file name for this application."""
-        self.find_app_dir()
-        self.create_app_dir()
-
-    def find_app_dir(self):
-        """This resolves the app directory.
-
-        This method must set ``self.app_dir`` to the location of the app
-        dir.
-        """
-        # Instead, first look for an explicit app_dir
-        try:
-            self.app_dir = self.command_line_config.Global.app_dir
-        except AttributeError:
-            self.app_dir = self.default_config.Global.app_dir
-        self.app_dir = os.path.expandvars(os.path.expanduser(self.app_dir))
-        if not self.app_dir:
-            # Then look for a profile
-            try:
-                self.profile = self.command_line_config.Global.profile
-            except AttributeError:
-                self.profile = self.default_config.Global.profile
-            app_dir_name = self.app_dir_basename + '_' + self.profile
-            try_this = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), app_dir_name)
-            if os.path.isdir(try_this):
-                self.app_dir = try_this
-            else:
-                self.app_dir = os.path.join(self.ipythondir, app_dir_name)
-        # These have to be set because they could be different from the one
-        # that we just computed.  Because command line has the highest
-        # priority, this will always end up in the master_config.
-        self.default_config.Global.app_dir = self.app_dir
-        self.command_line_config.Global.app_dir = self.app_dir
-        self.log.info("Application directory set to: %s" % self.app_dir)
-
-    def create_app_dir(self):
-        """Make sure that the app dir exists."""
-        if not os.path.isdir(self.app_dir):
-            os.makedirs(self.app_dir, mode=0777)
-
-    def find_config_file_paths(self):
-        """Set the search paths for resolving the config file."""
-        self.config_file_paths = (self.app_dir,)

IPython/core/ipapp.py

@@ -1,545 +1,544
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
-The main IPython application object
+The :class:`~IPython.core.application.Application` object for the command
+line :command:`ipython` program.
 
 Authors:
 
 * Brian Granger
 * Fernando Perez
 
 Notes
 -----
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import logging
 import os
 import sys
 import warnings
 
 from IPython.core.application import Application, BaseAppArgParseConfigLoader
 from IPython.core import release
 from IPython.core.iplib import InteractiveShell
 from IPython.config.loader import (
     NoConfigDefault, 
     Config,
-    ConfigError,
     PyFileConfigLoader
 )
 
 from IPython.lib import inputhook
 
-from IPython.utils.ipstruct import Struct
 from IPython.utils.genutils import filefind, get_ipython_dir
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Utilities and helpers
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 ipython_desc = """
 A Python shell with automatic history (input and output), dynamic object
 introspection, easier configuration, command completion, access to the system
 shell and more.
 """
 
 def pylab_warning():
     msg = """
 
 IPython's -pylab mode has been disabled until matplotlib supports this version
 of IPython.  This version of IPython has greatly improved GUI integration that 
 matplotlib will soon be able to take advantage of.  This will eventually
 result in greater stability and a richer API for matplotlib under IPython.
 However during this transition, you will either need to use an older version
 of IPython, or do the following to use matplotlib interactively::
 
     import matplotlib
     matplotlib.interactive(True)
     matplotlib.use('wxagg')  # adjust for your backend
     %gui -a wx               # adjust for your GUI
     from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
 
 See the %gui magic for information on the new interface.
 """
     warnings.warn(msg, category=DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=1)
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Main classes and functions
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 cl_args = (
     (('-autocall',), dict(
         type=int, dest='InteractiveShell.autocall', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help='Set the autocall value (0,1,2).',
         metavar='InteractiveShell.autocall')
     ),
     (('-autoindent',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.autoindent', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help='Turn on autoindenting.')
     ),
     (('-noautoindent',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.autoindent', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help='Turn off autoindenting.')
     ),
     (('-automagic',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.automagic', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help='Turn on the auto calling of magic commands.')
     ),
     (('-noautomagic',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.automagic', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help='Turn off the auto calling of magic commands.')
     ),
     (('-autoedit_syntax',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.autoedit_syntax', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help='Turn on auto editing of files with syntax errors.')
     ),
     (('-noautoedit_syntax',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.autoedit_syntax', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help='Turn off auto editing of files with syntax errors.')
     ),
     (('-banner',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='Global.display_banner', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help='Display a banner upon starting IPython.')
     ),
     (('-nobanner',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='Global.display_banner', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Don't display a banner upon starting IPython.")
     ),
     (('-cache_size',), dict(
         type=int, dest='InteractiveShell.cache_size', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Set the size of the output cache.",
         metavar='InteractiveShell.cache_size')
     ),
     (('-classic',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='Global.classic', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Gives IPython a similar feel to the classic Python prompt.")
     ),
     (('-colors',), dict(
         type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.colors', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Set the color scheme (NoColor, Linux, and LightBG).",
         metavar='InteractiveShell.colors')
     ),
     (('-color_info',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.color_info', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Enable using colors for info related things.")
     ),
     (('-nocolor_info',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.color_info', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Disable using colors for info related things.")
     ),
     (('-confirm_exit',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.confirm_exit', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Prompt the user when existing.")
     ),
     (('-noconfirm_exit',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.confirm_exit', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Don't prompt the user when existing.")
     ),
     (('-deep_reload',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.deep_reload', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Enable deep (recursive) reloading by default.")
     ),
     (('-nodeep_reload',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.deep_reload', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Disable deep (recursive) reloading by default.")
     ),
     (('-editor',), dict(
         type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.editor', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Set the editor used by IPython (default to $EDITOR/vi/notepad).",
         metavar='InteractiveShell.editor')
     ),
     (('-log','-l'), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.logstart', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Start logging to the default file (./ipython_log.py).")
     ),
     (('-logfile','-lf'), dict(
         type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.logfile', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Start logging to logfile.",
         metavar='InteractiveShell.logfile')
     ),
     (('-logappend','-la'), dict(
         type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.logappend', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Start logging to logappend in append mode.",
         metavar='InteractiveShell.logfile')
     ),
     (('-pdb',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.pdb', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Enable auto calling the pdb debugger after every exception.")
     ),
     (('-nopdb',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.pdb', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Disable auto calling the pdb debugger after every exception.")
     ),
     (('-pprint',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.pprint', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Enable auto pretty printing of results.")
     ),
     (('-nopprint',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.pprint', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Disable auto auto pretty printing of results.")
     ),
     (('-prompt_in1','-pi1'), dict(
         type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.prompt_in1', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Set the main input prompt ('In [\#]: ')",
         metavar='InteractiveShell.prompt_in1')
     ),
     (('-prompt_in2','-pi2'), dict(
         type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.prompt_in2', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Set the secondary input prompt (' .\D.: ')",
         metavar='InteractiveShell.prompt_in2')
     ),
     (('-prompt_out','-po'), dict(
         type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.prompt_out', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Set the output prompt ('Out[\#]:')",
         metavar='InteractiveShell.prompt_out')
     ),
     (('-quick',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='Global.quick', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Enable quick startup with no config files.")
     ),
     (('-readline',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.readline_use', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Enable readline for command line usage.")
     ),
     (('-noreadline',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.readline_use', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Disable readline for command line usage.")
     ),
     (('-screen_length','-sl'), dict(
         type=int, dest='InteractiveShell.screen_length', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help='Number of lines on screen, used to control printing of long strings.',
         metavar='InteractiveShell.screen_length')
     ),
     (('-separate_in','-si'), dict(
         type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.separate_in', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Separator before input prompts.  Default '\n'.",
         metavar='InteractiveShell.separate_in')
     ),
     (('-separate_out','-so'), dict(
         type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.separate_out', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Separator before output prompts.  Default 0 (nothing).",
         metavar='InteractiveShell.separate_out')
     ),
     (('-separate_out2','-so2'), dict(
         type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.separate_out2', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Separator after output prompts.  Default 0 (nonight).",
         metavar='InteractiveShell.separate_out2')
     ),
     (('-nosep',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='Global.nosep', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Eliminate all spacing between prompts.")
     ),
     (('-term_title',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='InteractiveShell.term_title', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Enable auto setting the terminal title.")
     ),
     (('-noterm_title',), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='InteractiveShell.term_title', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Disable auto setting the terminal title.")
     ),
     (('-xmode',), dict(
         type=str, dest='InteractiveShell.xmode', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Exception mode ('Plain','Context','Verbose')",
         metavar='InteractiveShell.xmode')
     ),
     (('-ext',), dict(
         type=str, dest='Global.extra_extension', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="The dotted module name of an IPython extension to load.",
         metavar='Global.extra_extension')
     ),
     (('-c',), dict(
         type=str, dest='Global.code_to_run', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Execute the given command string.",
         metavar='Global.code_to_run')
     ),
     (('-i',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='Global.force_interact', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="If running code from the command line, become interactive afterwards.")
     ),
     (('-wthread',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='Global.wthread', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Enable wxPython event loop integration.")
     ),
     (('-q4thread','-qthread'), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='Global.q4thread', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Enable Qt4 event loop integration. Qt3 is no longer supported.")
     ),
     (('-gthread',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='Global.gthread', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Enable GTK event loop integration.")
     ),
     # # These are only here to get the proper deprecation warnings
     (('-pylab',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='Global.pylab', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help="Disabled.  Pylab has been disabled until matplotlib "
         "supports this version of IPython.")
     )
 )
 
 
 class IPythonAppCLConfigLoader(BaseAppArgParseConfigLoader):
 
     arguments = cl_args
 
 
 default_config_file_name = 'ipython_config.py'
 
 
 class IPythonApp(Application):
     name = 'ipython'
     description = 'IPython: an enhanced interactive Python shell.'
     config_file_name = default_config_file_name
 
     def create_default_config(self):
         super(IPythonApp, self).create_default_config()
         self.default_config.Global.display_banner = True
         
         # If the -c flag is given or a file is given to run at the cmd line
         # like "ipython foo.py", normally we exit without starting the main
         # loop.  The force_interact config variable allows a user to override
         # this and interact.  It is also set by the -i cmd line flag, just
         # like Python.
         self.default_config.Global.force_interact = False
 
         # By default always interact by starting the IPython mainloop.
         self.default_config.Global.interact = True
 
         # No GUI integration by default
         self.default_config.Global.wthread = False
         self.default_config.Global.q4thread = False
         self.default_config.Global.gthread = False
 
     def create_command_line_config(self):
         """Create and return a command line config loader."""
         return IPythonAppCLConfigLoader(
             description=self.description, 
             version=release.version
         )
 
     def post_load_command_line_config(self):
         """Do actions after loading cl config."""
         clc = self.command_line_config
 
         # Display the deprecation warnings about threaded shells
         if hasattr(clc.Global, 'pylab'):
             pylab_warning()
             del clc.Global['pylab']
 
     def load_file_config(self):
         if hasattr(self.command_line_config.Global, 'quick'):
             if self.command_line_config.Global.quick:
                 self.file_config = Config()
                 return
         super(IPythonApp, self).load_file_config()
 
     def post_load_file_config(self):
         if hasattr(self.command_line_config.Global, 'extra_extension'):
             if not hasattr(self.file_config.Global, 'extensions'):
                 self.file_config.Global.extensions = []
             self.file_config.Global.extensions.append(
                 self.command_line_config.Global.extra_extension)
             del self.command_line_config.Global.extra_extension
 
     def pre_construct(self):
         config = self.master_config
 
         if hasattr(config.Global, 'classic'):
             if config.Global.classic:
                 config.InteractiveShell.cache_size = 0
                 config.InteractiveShell.pprint = 0
                 config.InteractiveShell.prompt_in1 = '>>> '
                 config.InteractiveShell.prompt_in2 = '... '
                 config.InteractiveShell.prompt_out = ''
                 config.InteractiveShell.separate_in = \
                     config.InteractiveShell.separate_out = \
                     config.InteractiveShell.separate_out2 = ''
                 config.InteractiveShell.colors = 'NoColor'
                 config.InteractiveShell.xmode = 'Plain'
 
         if hasattr(config.Global, 'nosep'):
             if config.Global.nosep:
                 config.InteractiveShell.separate_in = \
                 config.InteractiveShell.separate_out = \
                 config.InteractiveShell.separate_out2 = ''
 
         # if there is code of files to run from the cmd line, don't interact
         # unless the -i flag (Global.force_interact) is true.
         code_to_run = config.Global.get('code_to_run','')
         file_to_run = False
         if len(self.extra_args)>=1:
             if self.extra_args[0]:
                 file_to_run = True
         if file_to_run or code_to_run:
             if not config.Global.force_interact:
                 config.Global.interact = False
 
     def construct(self):
         # I am a little hesitant to put these into InteractiveShell itself.
         # But that might be the place for them
         sys.path.insert(0, '')
 
         # Create an InteractiveShell instance
         self.shell = InteractiveShell(
             parent=None,
             config=self.master_config
         )
 
     def post_construct(self):
         """Do actions after construct, but before starting the app."""
         config = self.master_config
         
         # shell.display_banner should always be False for the terminal 
         # based app, because we call shell.show_banner() by hand below
         # so the banner shows *before* all extension loading stuff.
         self.shell.display_banner = False
 
         if config.Global.display_banner and \
             config.Global.interact:
             self.shell.show_banner()
 
         # Make sure there is a space below the banner.
         if self.log_level <= logging.INFO: print
 
         # Now a variety of things that happen after the banner is printed.
         self._enable_gui()
         self._load_extensions()
         self._run_exec_lines()
         self._run_exec_files()
         self._run_cmd_line_code()
 
     def _enable_gui(self):
         """Enable GUI event loop integration."""
         config = self.master_config
         try:
             # Enable GUI integration
             if config.Global.wthread:
                 self.log.info("Enabling wx GUI event loop integration")
                 inputhook.enable_wx(app=True)
             elif config.Global.q4thread:
                 self.log.info("Enabling Qt4 GUI event loop integration")
                 inputhook.enable_qt4(app=True)
             elif config.Global.gthread:
                 self.log.info("Enabling GTK GUI event loop integration")
                 inputhook.enable_gtk(app=True)
         except:
             self.log.warn("Error in enabling GUI event loop integration:")
             self.shell.showtraceback()
 
     def _load_extensions(self):
         """Load all IPython extensions in Global.extensions.
 
         This uses the :meth:`InteractiveShell.load_extensions` to load all
         the extensions listed in ``self.master_config.Global.extensions``.
         """
         try:
             if hasattr(self.master_config.Global, 'extensions'):
                 self.log.debug("Loading IPython extensions...")
                 extensions = self.master_config.Global.extensions
                 for ext in extensions:
                     try:
                         self.log.info("Loading IPython extension: %s" % ext)                        
                         self.shell.load_extension(ext)
                     except:
                         self.log.warn("Error in loading extension: %s" % ext)
                         self.shell.showtraceback()
         except:
             self.log.warn("Unknown error in loading extensions:")
             self.shell.showtraceback()
 
     def _run_exec_lines(self):
         """Run lines of code in Global.exec_lines in the user's namespace."""
         try:
             if hasattr(self.master_config.Global, 'exec_lines'):
                 self.log.debug("Running code from Global.exec_lines...")
                 exec_lines = self.master_config.Global.exec_lines
                 for line in exec_lines:
                     try:
                         self.log.info("Running code in user namespace: %s" % line)
                         self.shell.runlines(line)
                     except:
                         self.log.warn("Error in executing line in user namespace: %s" % line)
                         self.shell.showtraceback()
         except:
             self.log.warn("Unknown error in handling Global.exec_lines:")
             self.shell.showtraceback()
 
     def _exec_file(self, fname):
         full_filename = filefind(fname, ['.', self.ipythondir])
         if os.path.isfile(full_filename):
             if full_filename.endswith('.py'):
                 self.log.info("Running file in user namespace: %s" % full_filename)
                 self.shell.safe_execfile(full_filename, self.shell.user_ns)
             elif full_filename.endswith('.ipy'):
                 self.log.info("Running file in user namespace: %s" % full_filename)
                 self.shell.safe_execfile_ipy(full_filename)
             else:
                 self.log.warn("File does not have a .py or .ipy extension: <%s>" % full_filename)
 
     def _run_exec_files(self):
         try:
             if hasattr(self.master_config.Global, 'exec_files'):
                 self.log.debug("Running files in Global.exec_files...")
                 exec_files = self.master_config.Global.exec_files
                 for fname in exec_files:
                     self._exec_file(fname)
         except:
             self.log.warn("Unknown error in handling Global.exec_files:")
             self.shell.showtraceback()
 
     def _run_cmd_line_code(self):
         if hasattr(self.master_config.Global, 'code_to_run'):
             line = self.master_config.Global.code_to_run
             try:
                 self.log.info("Running code given at command line (-c): %s" % line)
                 self.shell.runlines(line)
             except:
                 self.log.warn("Error in executing line in user namespace: %s" % line)
                 self.shell.showtraceback()
             return
         # Like Python itself, ignore the second if the first of these is present
         try:
             fname = self.extra_args[0]
         except:
             pass
         else:
             try:
                 self._exec_file(fname)
             except:
                 self.log.warn("Error in executing file in user namespace: %s" % fname)
                 self.shell.showtraceback()
 
     def start_app(self):
         if self.master_config.Global.interact:
             self.log.debug("Starting IPython's mainloop...")
             self.shell.mainloop()
 
 
 def load_default_config(ipythondir=None):
     """Load the default config file from the default ipythondir.
 
     This is useful for embedded shells.
     """
     if ipythondir is None:
         ipythondir = get_ipython_dir()
     cl = PyFileConfigLoader(default_config_file_name, ipythondir)
     config = cl.load_config()
     return config
 
 
 def launch_new_instance():
     """Create and run a full blown IPython instance"""
     app = IPythonApp()
     app.start()
 

IPython/core/iplib.py

@@ -1,2477 +1,2477
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """
 Main IPython Component
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2001 Janko Hauser <[e-mail]>
 #  Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Fernando Perez. <[e-mail]>
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 from __future__ import with_statement
 
 import __builtin__
 import StringIO
 import bdb
 import codeop
 import exceptions
 import new
 import os
 import re
 import string
 import sys
 import tempfile
 from contextlib import nested
 
 from IPython.core import ultratb
 from IPython.core import debugger, oinspect
 from IPython.core import shadowns
 from IPython.core import history as ipcorehist
 from IPython.core import prefilter
 from IPython.core.alias import AliasManager
 from IPython.core.builtin_trap import BuiltinTrap
 from IPython.core.display_trap import DisplayTrap
 from IPython.core.fakemodule import FakeModule, init_fakemod_dict
 from IPython.core.logger import Logger
 from IPython.core.magic import Magic
 from IPython.core.prompts import CachedOutput
 from IPython.core.prefilter import PrefilterManager
 from IPython.core.component import Component
 from IPython.core.usage import interactive_usage, default_banner
 from IPython.core.error import TryNext, UsageError
 
 from IPython.utils import pickleshare
 from IPython.external.Itpl import ItplNS
 from IPython.lib.backgroundjobs import BackgroundJobManager
 from IPython.utils.ipstruct import Struct
 from IPython.utils import PyColorize
 from IPython.utils.genutils import *
 from IPython.utils.genutils import get_ipython_dir
 from IPython.utils.platutils import toggle_set_term_title, set_term_title
 from IPython.utils.strdispatch import StrDispatch
 from IPython.utils.syspathcontext import prepended_to_syspath
 
 # from IPython.utils import growl
 # growl.start("IPython")
 
 from IPython.utils.traitlets import (
     Int, Str, CBool, CaselessStrEnum, Enum, List, Unicode
 )
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Globals
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 # store the builtin raw_input globally, and use this always, in case user code
 # overwrites it (like wx.py.PyShell does)
 raw_input_original = raw_input
 
 # compiled regexps for autoindent management
 dedent_re = re.compile(r'^\s+raise|^\s+return|^\s+pass')
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Utilities
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 ini_spaces_re = re.compile(r'^(\s+)')
 
 
 def num_ini_spaces(strng):
     """Return the number of initial spaces in a string"""
 
     ini_spaces = ini_spaces_re.match(strng)
     if ini_spaces:
         return ini_spaces.end()
     else:
         return 0
 
 
 def softspace(file, newvalue):
     """Copied from code.py, to remove the dependency"""
 
     oldvalue = 0
     try:
         oldvalue = file.softspace
     except AttributeError:
         pass
     try:
         file.softspace = newvalue
     except (AttributeError, TypeError):
         # "attribute-less object" or "read-only attributes"
         pass
     return oldvalue
 
 
 class SpaceInInput(exceptions.Exception): pass
 
 class Bunch: pass
 
 class InputList(list):
     """Class to store user input.
 
     It's basically a list, but slices return a string instead of a list, thus
     allowing things like (assuming 'In' is an instance):
 
     exec In[4:7]
 
     or
 
     exec In[5:9] + In[14] + In[21:25]"""
 
     def __getslice__(self,i,j):
         return ''.join(list.__getslice__(self,i,j))
 
 
 class SyntaxTB(ultratb.ListTB):
     """Extension which holds some state: the last exception value"""
 
     def __init__(self,color_scheme = 'NoColor'):
         ultratb.ListTB.__init__(self,color_scheme)
         self.last_syntax_error = None
 
     def __call__(self, etype, value, elist):
         self.last_syntax_error = value
         ultratb.ListTB.__call__(self,etype,value,elist)
 
     def clear_err_state(self):
         """Return the current error state and clear it"""
         e = self.last_syntax_error
         self.last_syntax_error = None
         return e
 
 
 def get_default_editor():
     try:
         ed = os.environ['EDITOR']
     except KeyError:
         if os.name == 'posix':
             ed = 'vi'  # the only one guaranteed to be there!
         else:
             ed = 'notepad' # same in Windows!
     return ed
 
 
 class SeparateStr(Str):
     """A Str subclass to validate separate_in, separate_out, etc.
 
     This is a Str based traitlet that converts '0'->'' and '\\n'->'\n'.
     """
 
     def validate(self, obj, value):
         if value == '0': value = ''
         value = value.replace('\\n','\n')
         return super(SeparateStr, self).validate(obj, value)
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Main IPython class
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class InteractiveShell(Component, Magic):
     """An enhanced, interactive shell for Python."""
 
-    autocall = Enum((0,1,2), config=True)
+    autocall = Enum((0,1,2), default_value=1, config=True)
     autoedit_syntax = CBool(False, config=True)
     autoindent = CBool(True, config=True)
     automagic = CBool(True, config=True)
     banner = Str('')
     banner1 = Str(default_banner, config=True)
     banner2 = Str('', config=True)
     cache_size = Int(1000, config=True)
     color_info = CBool(True, config=True)
     colors = CaselessStrEnum(('NoColor','LightBG','Linux'), 
                              default_value='LightBG', config=True)
     confirm_exit = CBool(True, config=True)
     debug = CBool(False, config=True)
     deep_reload = CBool(False, config=True)
     # This display_banner only controls whether or not self.show_banner()
     # is called when mainloop/interact are called.  The default is False
     # because for the terminal based application, the banner behavior
     # is controlled by Global.display_banner, which IPythonApp looks at
     # to determine if *it* should call show_banner() by hand or not.
     display_banner = CBool(False) # This isn't configurable!
     embedded = CBool(False)
     embedded_active = CBool(False)
     editor = Str(get_default_editor(), config=True)
     filename = Str("<ipython console>")
     ipythondir= Unicode('', config=True) # Set to get_ipython_dir() in __init__
     logstart = CBool(False, config=True)
     logfile = Str('', config=True)
     logappend = Str('', config=True)
     object_info_string_level = Enum((0,1,2), default_value=0,
                                     config=True)
     pager = Str('less', config=True)
     pdb = CBool(False, config=True)
     pprint = CBool(True, config=True)
     profile = Str('', config=True)
     prompt_in1 = Str('In [\\#]: ', config=True)
     prompt_in2 = Str('   .\\D.: ', config=True)
     prompt_out = Str('Out[\\#]: ', config=True)
     prompts_pad_left = CBool(True, config=True)
     quiet = CBool(False, config=True)
 
     readline_use = CBool(True, config=True)
     readline_merge_completions = CBool(True, config=True)
     readline_omit__names = Enum((0,1,2), default_value=0, config=True)
     readline_remove_delims = Str('-/~', config=True)
     readline_parse_and_bind = List([
             'tab: complete',
             '"\C-l": possible-completions',
             'set show-all-if-ambiguous on',
             '"\C-o": tab-insert',
             '"\M-i": "    "',
             '"\M-o": "\d\d\d\d"',
             '"\M-I": "\d\d\d\d"',
             '"\C-r": reverse-search-history',
             '"\C-s": forward-search-history',
             '"\C-p": history-search-backward',
             '"\C-n": history-search-forward',
             '"\e[A": history-search-backward',
             '"\e[B": history-search-forward',
             '"\C-k": kill-line',
             '"\C-u": unix-line-discard',
         ], allow_none=False, config=True)
 
     screen_length = Int(0, config=True)
     
     # Use custom TraitletTypes that convert '0'->'' and '\\n'->'\n'
     separate_in = SeparateStr('\n', config=True)
     separate_out = SeparateStr('', config=True)
     separate_out2 = SeparateStr('', config=True)
 
     system_header = Str('IPython system call: ', config=True)
     system_verbose = CBool(False, config=True)
     term_title = CBool(False, config=True)
     wildcards_case_sensitive = CBool(True, config=True)
     xmode = CaselessStrEnum(('Context','Plain', 'Verbose'), 
                             default_value='Context', config=True)
 
     autoexec = List(allow_none=False)
 
     # class attribute to indicate whether the class supports threads or not.
     # Subclasses with thread support should override this as needed.
     isthreaded = False
 
     def __init__(self, parent=None, config=None, ipythondir=None, usage=None,
                  user_ns=None, user_global_ns=None,
                  banner1=None, banner2=None, display_banner=None,
                  custom_exceptions=((),None)):
 
         # This is where traitlets with a config_key argument are updated
         # from the values on config.
         super(InteractiveShell, self).__init__(parent, config=config)
 
         # These are relatively independent and stateless
         self.init_ipythondir(ipythondir)
         self.init_instance_attrs()
         self.init_term_title()
         self.init_usage(usage)
         self.init_banner(banner1, banner2, display_banner)
 
         # Create namespaces (user_ns, user_global_ns, etc.)
         self.init_create_namespaces(user_ns, user_global_ns)
         # This has to be done after init_create_namespaces because it uses
         # something in self.user_ns, but before init_sys_modules, which
         # is the first thing to modify sys.
         self.save_sys_module_state()
         self.init_sys_modules()
 
         self.init_history()
         self.init_encoding()
         self.init_prefilter()
 
         Magic.__init__(self, self)
 
         self.init_syntax_highlighting()
         self.init_hooks()
         self.init_pushd_popd_magic()
         self.init_traceback_handlers(custom_exceptions)
         self.init_user_ns()
         self.init_logger()
         self.init_alias()
         self.init_builtins()
         
         # pre_config_initialization
         self.init_shadow_hist()
 
         # The next section should contain averything that was in ipmaker.
         self.init_logstart()
 
         # The following was in post_config_initialization
         self.init_inspector()
         self.init_readline()
         self.init_prompts()
         self.init_displayhook()
         self.init_reload_doctest()
         self.init_magics()
         self.init_pdb()
         self.hooks.late_startup_hook()
 
     def get_ipython(self):
         return self
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Traitlet changed handlers
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def _banner1_changed(self):
         self.compute_banner()
 
     def _banner2_changed(self):
         self.compute_banner()
 
     def _ipythondir_changed(self, name, new):
         if not os.path.isdir(new):
             os.makedirs(new, mode = 0777)
         if not os.path.isdir(self.ipython_extension_dir):
             os.makedirs(self.ipython_extension_dir, mode = 0777)
 
     @property
     def ipython_extension_dir(self):
         return os.path.join(self.ipythondir, 'extensions')
 
     @property
     def usable_screen_length(self):
         if self.screen_length == 0:
             return 0
         else:
             num_lines_bot = self.separate_in.count('\n')+1
             return self.screen_length - num_lines_bot
 
     def _term_title_changed(self, name, new_value):
         self.init_term_title()
 
     def set_autoindent(self,value=None):
         """Set the autoindent flag, checking for readline support.
 
         If called with no arguments, it acts as a toggle."""
 
         if not self.has_readline:
             if os.name == 'posix':
                 warn("The auto-indent feature requires the readline library")
             self.autoindent = 0
             return
         if value is None:
             self.autoindent = not self.autoindent
         else:
             self.autoindent = value
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # init_* methods called by __init__
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_ipythondir(self, ipythondir):
         if ipythondir is not None:
             self.ipythondir = ipythondir
             self.config.Global.ipythondir = self.ipythondir
             return
 
         if hasattr(self.config.Global, 'ipythondir'):
             self.ipythondir = self.config.Global.ipythondir
         else:
             self.ipythondir = get_ipython_dir()
 
         # All children can just read this
         self.config.Global.ipythondir = self.ipythondir
 
     def init_instance_attrs(self):
         self.jobs = BackgroundJobManager()
         self.more = False
 
         # command compiler
         self.compile = codeop.CommandCompiler()
 
         # User input buffer
         self.buffer = []
 
         # Make an empty namespace, which extension writers can rely on both
         # existing and NEVER being used by ipython itself.  This gives them a
         # convenient location for storing additional information and state
         # their extensions may require, without fear of collisions with other
         # ipython names that may develop later.
         self.meta = Struct()
 
         # Object variable to store code object waiting execution.  This is
         # used mainly by the multithreaded shells, but it can come in handy in
         # other situations.  No need to use a Queue here, since it's a single
         # item which gets cleared once run.
         self.code_to_run = None
 
         # Flag to mark unconditional exit
         self.exit_now = False
 
         # Temporary files used for various purposes.  Deleted at exit.
         self.tempfiles = []
 
         # Keep track of readline usage (later set by init_readline)
         self.has_readline = False
 
         # keep track of where we started running (mainly for crash post-mortem)
         # This is not being used anywhere currently.
         self.starting_dir = os.getcwd()
 
         # Indentation management
         self.indent_current_nsp = 0
 
     def init_term_title(self):
         # Enable or disable the terminal title.
         if self.term_title:
             toggle_set_term_title(True)
             set_term_title('IPython: ' + abbrev_cwd())
         else:
             toggle_set_term_title(False)
 
     def init_usage(self, usage=None):
         if usage is None:
             self.usage = interactive_usage
         else:
             self.usage = usage
 
     def init_encoding(self):
         # Get system encoding at startup time.  Certain terminals (like Emacs
         # under Win32 have it set to None, and we need to have a known valid
         # encoding to use in the raw_input() method
         try:
             self.stdin_encoding = sys.stdin.encoding or 'ascii'
         except AttributeError:
             self.stdin_encoding = 'ascii'
 
     def init_syntax_highlighting(self):
         # Python source parser/formatter for syntax highlighting
         pyformat = PyColorize.Parser().format
         self.pycolorize = lambda src: pyformat(src,'str',self.colors)
 
     def init_pushd_popd_magic(self):
         # for pushd/popd management
         try:
             self.home_dir = get_home_dir()
         except HomeDirError, msg:
             fatal(msg)
 
         self.dir_stack = []
 
     def init_logger(self):
         self.logger = Logger(self, logfname='ipython_log.py', logmode='rotate')
         # local shortcut, this is used a LOT
         self.log = self.logger.log
 
     def init_logstart(self):
         if self.logappend:
             self.magic_logstart(self.logappend + ' append')
         elif self.logfile:
             self.magic_logstart(self.logfile)
         elif self.logstart:
             self.magic_logstart()
 
     def init_builtins(self):
         self.builtin_trap = BuiltinTrap(self)
 
     def init_inspector(self):
         # Object inspector
         self.inspector = oinspect.Inspector(oinspect.InspectColors,
                                             PyColorize.ANSICodeColors,
                                             'NoColor',
                                             self.object_info_string_level)
 
     def init_prompts(self):
         # Initialize cache, set in/out prompts and printing system
         self.outputcache = CachedOutput(self,
                                         self.cache_size,
                                         self.pprint,
                                         input_sep = self.separate_in,
                                         output_sep = self.separate_out,
                                         output_sep2 = self.separate_out2,
                                         ps1 = self.prompt_in1,
                                         ps2 = self.prompt_in2,
                                         ps_out = self.prompt_out,
                                         pad_left = self.prompts_pad_left)
 
         # user may have over-ridden the default print hook:
         try:
             self.outputcache.__class__.display = self.hooks.display
         except AttributeError:
             pass
 
     def init_displayhook(self):
         self.display_trap = DisplayTrap(self, self.outputcache)
 
     def init_reload_doctest(self):
         # Do a proper resetting of doctest, including the necessary displayhook
         # monkeypatching
         try:
             doctest_reload()
         except ImportError:
             warn("doctest module does not exist.")
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to the banner
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_banner(self, banner1, banner2, display_banner):
         if banner1 is not None:
             self.banner1 = banner1
         if banner2 is not None:
             self.banner2 = banner2
         if display_banner is not None:
             self.display_banner = display_banner
         self.compute_banner()
 
     def show_banner(self, banner=None):
         if banner is None:
             banner = self.banner
         self.write(banner)
 
     def compute_banner(self):
         self.banner = self.banner1 + '\n'
         if self.profile:
             self.banner += '\nIPython profile: %s\n' % self.profile
         if self.banner2:
             self.banner += '\n' + self.banner2 + '\n'
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to injections into the sys module
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def save_sys_module_state(self):
         """Save the state of hooks in the sys module.
 
         This has to be called after self.user_ns is created.
         """
         self._orig_sys_module_state = {}
         self._orig_sys_module_state['stdin'] = sys.stdin
         self._orig_sys_module_state['stdout'] = sys.stdout
         self._orig_sys_module_state['stderr'] = sys.stderr
         self._orig_sys_module_state['excepthook'] = sys.excepthook
         try:
             self._orig_sys_modules_main_name = self.user_ns['__name__']
         except KeyError:
             pass
 
     def restore_sys_module_state(self):
         """Restore the state of the sys module."""
         try:
             for k, v in self._orig_sys_module_state.items():
                 setattr(sys, k, v)
         except AttributeError:
             pass
         try:
             delattr(sys, 'ipcompleter')
         except AttributeError:
             pass
         # Reset what what done in self.init_sys_modules
         try:
             sys.modules[self.user_ns['__name__']] = self._orig_sys_modules_main_name
         except (AttributeError, KeyError):
             pass
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to hooks
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_hooks(self):
         # hooks holds pointers used for user-side customizations
         self.hooks = Struct()
 
         self.strdispatchers = {}
 
         # Set all default hooks, defined in the IPython.hooks module.
         import IPython.core.hooks
         hooks = IPython.core.hooks
         for hook_name in hooks.__all__:
             # default hooks have priority 100, i.e. low; user hooks should have
             # 0-100 priority
             self.set_hook(hook_name,getattr(hooks,hook_name), 100)
 
     def set_hook(self,name,hook, priority = 50, str_key = None, re_key = None):
         """set_hook(name,hook) -> sets an internal IPython hook.
 
         IPython exposes some of its internal API as user-modifiable hooks.  By
         adding your function to one of these hooks, you can modify IPython's 
         behavior to call at runtime your own routines."""
 
         # At some point in the future, this should validate the hook before it
         # accepts it.  Probably at least check that the hook takes the number
         # of args it's supposed to.
         
         f = new.instancemethod(hook,self,self.__class__)
 
         # check if the hook is for strdispatcher first
         if str_key is not None:
             sdp = self.strdispatchers.get(name, StrDispatch())
             sdp.add_s(str_key, f, priority )
             self.strdispatchers[name] = sdp
             return
         if re_key is not None:
             sdp = self.strdispatchers.get(name, StrDispatch())
             sdp.add_re(re.compile(re_key), f, priority )
             self.strdispatchers[name] = sdp
             return
             
         dp = getattr(self.hooks, name, None)
         if name not in IPython.core.hooks.__all__:
             print "Warning! Hook '%s' is not one of %s" % (name, IPython.core.hooks.__all__ )
         if not dp:
             dp = IPython.core.hooks.CommandChainDispatcher()
         
         try:
             dp.add(f,priority)
         except AttributeError:
             # it was not commandchain, plain old func - replace
             dp = f
 
         setattr(self.hooks,name, dp)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to the "main" module
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def new_main_mod(self,ns=None):
         """Return a new 'main' module object for user code execution.
         """
         main_mod = self._user_main_module
         init_fakemod_dict(main_mod,ns)
         return main_mod
 
     def cache_main_mod(self,ns,fname):
         """Cache a main module's namespace.
 
         When scripts are executed via %run, we must keep a reference to the
         namespace of their __main__ module (a FakeModule instance) around so
         that Python doesn't clear it, rendering objects defined therein
         useless.
 
         This method keeps said reference in a private dict, keyed by the
         absolute path of the module object (which corresponds to the script
         path).  This way, for multiple executions of the same script we only
         keep one copy of the namespace (the last one), thus preventing memory
         leaks from old references while allowing the objects from the last
         execution to be accessible.
 
         Note: we can not allow the actual FakeModule instances to be deleted,
         because of how Python tears down modules (it hard-sets all their
         references to None without regard for reference counts).  This method
         must therefore make a *copy* of the given namespace, to allow the
         original module's __dict__ to be cleared and reused.
 
         
         Parameters
         ----------
           ns : a namespace (a dict, typically)
 
           fname : str
             Filename associated with the namespace.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         In [10]: import IPython
 
         In [11]: _ip.cache_main_mod(IPython.__dict__,IPython.__file__)
 
         In [12]: IPython.__file__ in _ip._main_ns_cache
         Out[12]: True
         """
         self._main_ns_cache[os.path.abspath(fname)] = ns.copy()
 
     def clear_main_mod_cache(self):
         """Clear the cache of main modules.
 
         Mainly for use by utilities like %reset.
 
         Examples
         --------
 
         In [15]: import IPython
 
         In [16]: _ip.cache_main_mod(IPython.__dict__,IPython.__file__)
 
         In [17]: len(_ip._main_ns_cache) > 0
         Out[17]: True
 
         In [18]: _ip.clear_main_mod_cache()
 
         In [19]: len(_ip._main_ns_cache) == 0
         Out[19]: True
         """
         self._main_ns_cache.clear()
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to debugging
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_pdb(self):
         # Set calling of pdb on exceptions
         # self.call_pdb is a property
         self.call_pdb = self.pdb
 
     def _get_call_pdb(self):
         return self._call_pdb
 
     def _set_call_pdb(self,val):
 
         if val not in (0,1,False,True):
             raise ValueError,'new call_pdb value must be boolean'
 
         # store value in instance
         self._call_pdb = val
 
         # notify the actual exception handlers
         self.InteractiveTB.call_pdb = val
         if self.isthreaded:
             try:
                 self.sys_excepthook.call_pdb = val
             except:
                 warn('Failed to activate pdb for threaded exception handler')
 
     call_pdb = property(_get_call_pdb,_set_call_pdb,None,
                         'Control auto-activation of pdb at exceptions')
 
     def debugger(self,force=False):
         """Call the pydb/pdb debugger.
 
         Keywords:
 
           - force(False): by default, this routine checks the instance call_pdb
           flag and does not actually invoke the debugger if the flag is false.
           The 'force' option forces the debugger to activate even if the flag
           is false.
         """
 
         if not (force or self.call_pdb):
             return
 
         if not hasattr(sys,'last_traceback'):
             error('No traceback has been produced, nothing to debug.')
             return
 
         # use pydb if available
         if debugger.has_pydb:
             from pydb import pm
         else:
             # fallback to our internal debugger
             pm = lambda : self.InteractiveTB.debugger(force=True)
         self.history_saving_wrapper(pm)()
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to IPython's various namespaces
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_create_namespaces(self, user_ns=None, user_global_ns=None):
         # Create the namespace where the user will operate.  user_ns is
         # normally the only one used, and it is passed to the exec calls as
         # the locals argument.  But we do carry a user_global_ns namespace
         # given as the exec 'globals' argument,  This is useful in embedding
         # situations where the ipython shell opens in a context where the
         # distinction between locals and globals is meaningful.  For
         # non-embedded contexts, it is just the same object as the user_ns dict.
 
         # FIXME. For some strange reason, __builtins__ is showing up at user
         # level as a dict instead of a module. This is a manual fix, but I
         # should really track down where the problem is coming from. Alex
         # Schmolck reported this problem first.
 
         # A useful post by Alex Martelli on this topic:
         # Re: inconsistent value from __builtins__
         # Von: Alex Martelli <[e-mail]>
         # Datum: Freitag 01 Oktober 2004 04:45:34 nachmittags/abends
         # Gruppen: comp.lang.python
 
         # Michael Hohn <[e-mail]> wrote:
         # > >>> print type(builtin_check.get_global_binding('__builtins__'))
         # > <type 'dict'>
         # > >>> print type(__builtins__)
         # > <type 'module'>
         # > Is this difference in return value intentional?
 
         # Well, it's documented that '__builtins__' can be either a dictionary
         # or a module, and it's been that way for a long time. Whether it's
         # intentional (or sensible), I don't know. In any case, the idea is
         # that if you need to access the built-in namespace directly, you
         # should start with "import __builtin__" (note, no 's') which will
         # definitely give you a module. Yeah, it's somewhat confusing:-(.
 
         # These routines return properly built dicts as needed by the rest of
         # the code, and can also be used by extension writers to generate
         # properly initialized namespaces.
         user_ns, user_global_ns = self.make_user_namespaces(user_ns,
             user_global_ns)
 
         # Assign namespaces
         # This is the namespace where all normal user variables live
         self.user_ns = user_ns
         self.user_global_ns = user_global_ns
 
         # An auxiliary namespace that checks what parts of the user_ns were
         # loaded at startup, so we can list later only variables defined in
         # actual interactive use.  Since it is always a subset of user_ns, it
         # doesn't need to be seaparately tracked in the ns_table
         self.user_config_ns = {}
 
         # A namespace to keep track of internal data structures to prevent
         # them from cluttering user-visible stuff.  Will be updated later
         self.internal_ns = {}
 
         # Now that FakeModule produces a real module, we've run into a nasty
         # problem: after script execution (via %run), the module where the user
         # code ran is deleted.  Now that this object is a true module (needed
         # so docetst and other tools work correctly), the Python module
         # teardown mechanism runs over it, and sets to None every variable
         # present in that module.  Top-level references to objects from the
         # script survive, because the user_ns is updated with them.  However,
         # calling functions defined in the script that use other things from
         # the script will fail, because the function's closure had references
         # to the original objects, which are now all None.  So we must protect
         # these modules from deletion by keeping a cache.
         # 
         # To avoid keeping stale modules around (we only need the one from the
         # last run), we use a dict keyed with the full path to the script, so
         # only the last version of the module is held in the cache.  Note,
         # however, that we must cache the module *namespace contents* (their
         # __dict__).  Because if we try to cache the actual modules, old ones
         # (uncached) could be destroyed while still holding references (such as
         # those held by GUI objects that tend to be long-lived)>
         # 
         # The %reset command will flush this cache.  See the cache_main_mod()
         # and clear_main_mod_cache() methods for details on use.
 
         # This is the cache used for 'main' namespaces
         self._main_ns_cache = {}
         # And this is the single instance of FakeModule whose __dict__ we keep
         # copying and clearing for reuse on each %run
         self._user_main_module = FakeModule()
 
         # A table holding all the namespaces IPython deals with, so that
         # introspection facilities can search easily.
         self.ns_table = {'user':user_ns,
                          'user_global':user_global_ns,
                          'internal':self.internal_ns,
                          'builtin':__builtin__.__dict__
                          }
 
         # Similarly, track all namespaces where references can be held and that
         # we can safely clear (so it can NOT include builtin).  This one can be
         # a simple list.
         self.ns_refs_table = [ user_ns, user_global_ns, self.user_config_ns,
                                self.internal_ns, self._main_ns_cache ]
 
     def init_sys_modules(self):
         # We need to insert into sys.modules something that looks like a
         # module but which accesses the IPython namespace, for shelve and
         # pickle to work interactively. Normally they rely on getting
         # everything out of __main__, but for embedding purposes each IPython
         # instance has its own private namespace, so we can't go shoving
         # everything into __main__.
 
         # note, however, that we should only do this for non-embedded
         # ipythons, which really mimic the __main__.__dict__ with their own
         # namespace.  Embedded instances, on the other hand, should not do
         # this because they need to manage the user local/global namespaces
         # only, but they live within a 'normal' __main__ (meaning, they
         # shouldn't overtake the execution environment of the script they're
         # embedded in).
 
         # This is overridden in the InteractiveShellEmbed subclass to a no-op.
 
         try:
             main_name = self.user_ns['__name__']
         except KeyError:
             raise KeyError('user_ns dictionary MUST have a "__name__" key')
         else:
             sys.modules[main_name] = FakeModule(self.user_ns)
 
     def make_user_namespaces(self, user_ns=None, user_global_ns=None):
         """Return a valid local and global user interactive namespaces.
 
         This builds a dict with the minimal information needed to operate as a
         valid IPython user namespace, which you can pass to the various
         embedding classes in ipython. The default implementation returns the
         same dict for both the locals and the globals to allow functions to
         refer to variables in the namespace. Customized implementations can
         return different dicts. The locals dictionary can actually be anything
         following the basic mapping protocol of a dict, but the globals dict
         must be a true dict, not even a subclass. It is recommended that any
         custom object for the locals namespace synchronize with the globals
         dict somehow.
 
         Raises TypeError if the provided globals namespace is not a true dict.
 
         :Parameters:
             user_ns : dict-like, optional
                 The current user namespace. The items in this namespace should
                 be included in the output. If None, an appropriate blank
                 namespace should be created.
             user_global_ns : dict, optional
                 The current user global namespace. The items in this namespace
                 should be included in the output. If None, an appropriate
                 blank namespace should be created.
 
         :Returns:
             A tuple pair of dictionary-like object to be used as the local namespace
             of the interpreter and a dict to be used as the global namespace.
         """
 
         if user_ns is None:
             # Set __name__ to __main__ to better match the behavior of the
             # normal interpreter.
             user_ns = {'__name__'     :'__main__',
                        '__builtins__' : __builtin__,
                       }
         else:
             user_ns.setdefault('__name__','__main__')
             user_ns.setdefault('__builtins__',__builtin__)
 
         if user_global_ns is None:
             user_global_ns = user_ns
         if type(user_global_ns) is not dict:
             raise TypeError("user_global_ns must be a true dict; got %r"
                 % type(user_global_ns))
 
         return user_ns, user_global_ns
 
     def init_user_ns(self):
         """Initialize all user-visible namespaces to their minimum defaults.
 
         Certain history lists are also initialized here, as they effectively
         act as user namespaces.
 
         Notes
         -----
         All data structures here are only filled in, they are NOT reset by this
         method.  If they were not empty before, data will simply be added to
         therm.
         """
         # Store myself as the public api!!!
         self.user_ns['get_ipython'] = self.get_ipython
 
         # make global variables for user access to the histories
         self.user_ns['_ih'] = self.input_hist
         self.user_ns['_oh'] = self.output_hist
         self.user_ns['_dh'] = self.dir_hist
 
         # user aliases to input and output histories
         self.user_ns['In']  = self.input_hist
         self.user_ns['Out'] = self.output_hist
 
         self.user_ns['_sh'] = shadowns
 
         # Put 'help' in the user namespace
         try:
             from site import _Helper
             self.user_ns['help'] = _Helper()
         except ImportError:
             warn('help() not available - check site.py')
 
     def reset(self):
         """Clear all internal namespaces.
 
         Note that this is much more aggressive than %reset, since it clears
         fully all namespaces, as well as all input/output lists.
         """
         for ns in self.ns_refs_table:
             ns.clear()
 
         self.alias_manager.clear_aliases()
 
         # Clear input and output histories
         self.input_hist[:] = []
         self.input_hist_raw[:] = []
         self.output_hist.clear()
 
         # Restore the user namespaces to minimal usability
         self.init_user_ns()
 
         # Restore the default and user aliases
         self.alias_manager.init_aliases()
 
     def push(self, variables, interactive=True):
         """Inject a group of variables into the IPython user namespace.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         variables : dict, str or list/tuple of str
             The variables to inject into the user's namespace.  If a dict,
             a simple update is done.  If a str, the string is assumed to 
             have variable names separated by spaces.  A list/tuple of str
             can also be used to give the variable names.  If just the variable
             names are give (list/tuple/str) then the variable values looked
             up in the callers frame.
         interactive : bool
             If True (default), the variables will be listed with the ``who``
             magic.
         """
         vdict = None
 
         # We need a dict of name/value pairs to do namespace updates.
         if isinstance(variables, dict):
             vdict = variables
         elif isinstance(variables, (basestring, list, tuple)):
             if isinstance(variables, basestring):
                 vlist = variables.split()
             else:
                 vlist = variables
             vdict = {}
             cf = sys._getframe(1)
             for name in vlist:
                 try:
                     vdict[name] = eval(name, cf.f_globals, cf.f_locals)
                 except:
                     print ('Could not get variable %s from %s' %
                            (name,cf.f_code.co_name))
         else:
             raise ValueError('variables must be a dict/str/list/tuple')
             
         # Propagate variables to user namespace
         self.user_ns.update(vdict)
 
         # And configure interactive visibility
         config_ns = self.user_config_ns
         if interactive:
             for name, val in vdict.iteritems():
                 config_ns.pop(name, None)
         else:
             for name,val in vdict.iteritems():
                 config_ns[name] = val
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to history management
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_history(self):
         # List of input with multi-line handling.
         self.input_hist = InputList()
         # This one will hold the 'raw' input history, without any
         # pre-processing.  This will allow users to retrieve the input just as
         # it was exactly typed in by the user, with %hist -r.
         self.input_hist_raw = InputList()
 
         # list of visited directories
         try:
             self.dir_hist = [os.getcwd()]
         except OSError:
             self.dir_hist = []
 
         # dict of output history
         self.output_hist = {}
 
         # Now the history file
         if self.profile:
             histfname = 'history-%s' % self.profile
         else:
             histfname = 'history'
         self.histfile = os.path.join(self.ipythondir, histfname)
 
         # Fill the history zero entry, user counter starts at 1
         self.input_hist.append('\n')
         self.input_hist_raw.append('\n')
 
     def init_shadow_hist(self):
         try:
             self.db = pickleshare.PickleShareDB(self.ipythondir + "/db")
         except exceptions.UnicodeDecodeError:
             print "Your ipythondir can't be decoded to unicode!"
             print "Please set HOME environment variable to something that"
             print r"only has ASCII characters, e.g. c:\home"
             print "Now it is", self.ipythondir
             sys.exit()
         self.shadowhist = ipcorehist.ShadowHist(self.db)
 
     def savehist(self):
         """Save input history to a file (via readline library)."""
 
         if not self.has_readline:
             return
         
         try:
             self.readline.write_history_file(self.histfile)
         except:
             print 'Unable to save IPython command history to file: ' + \
                   `self.histfile`
 
     def reloadhist(self):
         """Reload the input history from disk file."""
 
         if self.has_readline:
             try:
                 self.readline.clear_history()
                 self.readline.read_history_file(self.shell.histfile)
             except AttributeError:
                 pass
 
     def history_saving_wrapper(self, func):
         """ Wrap func for readline history saving
 
         Convert func into callable that saves & restores
         history around the call """
 
         if not self.has_readline:
             return func
 
         def wrapper():
             self.savehist()
             try:
                 func()
             finally:
                 readline.read_history_file(self.histfile)
         return wrapper
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to exception handling and tracebacks (not debugging)
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_traceback_handlers(self, custom_exceptions):
         # Syntax error handler.
         self.SyntaxTB = SyntaxTB(color_scheme='NoColor')
         
         # The interactive one is initialized with an offset, meaning we always
         # want to remove the topmost item in the traceback, which is our own
         # internal code. Valid modes: ['Plain','Context','Verbose']
         self.InteractiveTB = ultratb.AutoFormattedTB(mode = 'Plain',
                                                      color_scheme='NoColor',
                                                      tb_offset = 1)
 
         # IPython itself shouldn't crash. This will produce a detailed
         # post-mortem if it does.  But we only install the crash handler for
         # non-threaded shells, the threaded ones use a normal verbose reporter
         # and lose the crash handler.  This is because exceptions in the main
         # thread (such as in GUI code) propagate directly to sys.excepthook,
         # and there's no point in printing crash dumps for every user exception.
         if self.isthreaded:
             ipCrashHandler = ultratb.FormattedTB()
         else:
             from IPython.core import crashhandler
             ipCrashHandler = crashhandler.IPythonCrashHandler(self)
         self.set_crash_handler(ipCrashHandler)
 
         # and add any custom exception handlers the user may have specified
         self.set_custom_exc(*custom_exceptions)
 
     def set_crash_handler(self, crashHandler):
         """Set the IPython crash handler.
 
         This must be a callable with a signature suitable for use as
         sys.excepthook."""
 
         # Install the given crash handler as the Python exception hook
         sys.excepthook = crashHandler
         
         # The instance will store a pointer to this, so that runtime code
         # (such as magics) can access it.  This is because during the
         # read-eval loop, it gets temporarily overwritten (to deal with GUI
         # frameworks).
         self.sys_excepthook = sys.excepthook
 
     def set_custom_exc(self,exc_tuple,handler):
         """set_custom_exc(exc_tuple,handler)
 
         Set a custom exception handler, which will be called if any of the
         exceptions in exc_tuple occur in the mainloop (specifically, in the
         runcode() method.
 
         Inputs:
 
           - exc_tuple: a *tuple* of valid exceptions to call the defined
           handler for.  It is very important that you use a tuple, and NOT A
           LIST here, because of the way Python's except statement works.  If
           you only want to trap a single exception, use a singleton tuple:
 
             exc_tuple == (MyCustomException,)
 
           - handler: this must be defined as a function with the following
           basic interface: def my_handler(self,etype,value,tb).
 
           This will be made into an instance method (via new.instancemethod)
           of IPython itself, and it will be called if any of the exceptions
           listed in the exc_tuple are caught.  If the handler is None, an
           internal basic one is used, which just prints basic info.
 
         WARNING: by putting in your own exception handler into IPython's main
         execution loop, you run a very good chance of nasty crashes.  This
         facility should only be used if you really know what you are doing."""
 
         assert type(exc_tuple)==type(()) , \
                "The custom exceptions must be given AS A TUPLE."
 
         def dummy_handler(self,etype,value,tb):
             print '*** Simple custom exception handler ***'
             print 'Exception type :',etype
             print 'Exception value:',value
             print 'Traceback      :',tb
             print 'Source code    :','\n'.join(self.buffer)
 
         if handler is None: handler = dummy_handler
 
         self.CustomTB = new.instancemethod(handler,self,self.__class__)
         self.custom_exceptions = exc_tuple
 
     def excepthook(self, etype, value, tb):
       """One more defense for GUI apps that call sys.excepthook.
 
       GUI frameworks like wxPython trap exceptions and call
       sys.excepthook themselves.  I guess this is a feature that
       enables them to keep running after exceptions that would
       otherwise kill their mainloop. This is a bother for IPython
       which excepts to catch all of the program exceptions with a try:
       except: statement.
 
       Normally, IPython sets sys.excepthook to a CrashHandler instance, so if
       any app directly invokes sys.excepthook, it will look to the user like
       IPython crashed.  In order to work around this, we can disable the
       CrashHandler and replace it with this excepthook instead, which prints a
       regular traceback using our InteractiveTB.  In this fashion, apps which
       call sys.excepthook will generate a regular-looking exception from
       IPython, and the CrashHandler will only be triggered by real IPython
       crashes.
 
       This hook should be used sparingly, only in places which are not likely
       to be true IPython errors.
       """
       self.showtraceback((etype,value,tb),tb_offset=0)
 
     def showtraceback(self,exc_tuple = None,filename=None,tb_offset=None):
         """Display the exception that just occurred.
 
         If nothing is known about the exception, this is the method which
         should be used throughout the code for presenting user tracebacks,
         rather than directly invoking the InteractiveTB object.
 
         A specific showsyntaxerror() also exists, but this method can take
         care of calling it if needed, so unless you are explicitly catching a
         SyntaxError exception, don't try to analyze the stack manually and
         simply call this method."""
 
         
         # Though this won't be called by syntax errors in the input line,
         # there may be SyntaxError cases whith imported code.
         
         try:
             if exc_tuple is None:
                 etype, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
             else:
                 etype, value, tb = exc_tuple
     
             if etype is SyntaxError:
                 self.showsyntaxerror(filename)
             elif etype is UsageError:
                 print "UsageError:", value
             else:
                 # WARNING: these variables are somewhat deprecated and not
                 # necessarily safe to use in a threaded environment, but tools
                 # like pdb depend on their existence, so let's set them.  If we
                 # find problems in the field, we'll need to revisit their use.
                 sys.last_type = etype
                 sys.last_value = value
                 sys.last_traceback = tb
     
                 if etype in self.custom_exceptions:
                     self.CustomTB(etype,value,tb)
                 else:
                     self.InteractiveTB(etype,value,tb,tb_offset=tb_offset)
                     if self.InteractiveTB.call_pdb and self.has_readline:
                         # pdb mucks up readline, fix it back
                         self.set_completer()
         except KeyboardInterrupt:
             self.write("\nKeyboardInterrupt\n")
 
     def showsyntaxerror(self, filename=None):
         """Display the syntax error that just occurred.
 
         This doesn't display a stack trace because there isn't one.
 
         If a filename is given, it is stuffed in the exception instead
         of what was there before (because Python's parser always uses
         "<string>" when reading from a string).
         """
         etype, value, last_traceback = sys.exc_info()
 
         # See note about these variables in showtraceback() below
         sys.last_type = etype
         sys.last_value = value
         sys.last_traceback = last_traceback
         
         if filename and etype is SyntaxError:
             # Work hard to stuff the correct filename in the exception
             try:
                 msg, (dummy_filename, lineno, offset, line) = value
             except:
                 # Not the format we expect; leave it alone
                 pass
             else:
                 # Stuff in the right filename
                 try:
                     # Assume SyntaxError is a class exception
                     value = SyntaxError(msg, (filename, lineno, offset, line))
                 except:
                     # If that failed, assume SyntaxError is a string
                     value = msg, (filename, lineno, offset, line)
         self.SyntaxTB(etype,value,[])
 
     def edit_syntax_error(self):
         """The bottom half of the syntax error handler called in the main loop.
 
         Loop until syntax error is fixed or user cancels.
         """
 
         while self.SyntaxTB.last_syntax_error:
             # copy and clear last_syntax_error
             err = self.SyntaxTB.clear_err_state()
             if not self._should_recompile(err):
                 return
             try:
                 # may set last_syntax_error again if a SyntaxError is raised
                 self.safe_execfile(err.filename,self.user_ns)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
             else:
                 try:
                     f = file(err.filename)
                     try:
                         # This should be inside a display_trap block and I 
                         # think it is.
                         sys.displayhook(f.read())
                     finally:
                         f.close()
                 except:
                     self.showtraceback()
 
     def _should_recompile(self,e):
         """Utility routine for edit_syntax_error"""
 
         if e.filename in ('<ipython console>','<input>','<string>',
                           '<console>','<BackgroundJob compilation>',
                           None):
                               
             return False
         try:
             if (self.autoedit_syntax and 
                 not self.ask_yes_no('Return to editor to correct syntax error? '
                               '[Y/n] ','y')):
                 return False
         except EOFError:
             return False
 
         def int0(x):
             try:
                 return int(x)
             except TypeError:
                 return 0
         # always pass integer line and offset values to editor hook
         try:
             self.hooks.fix_error_editor(e.filename,
                 int0(e.lineno),int0(e.offset),e.msg)
         except TryNext:
             warn('Could not open editor')
             return False
         return True
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to tab completion
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def complete(self, text):
         """Return a sorted list of all possible completions on text.
 
         Inputs:
 
           - text: a string of text to be completed on.
 
         This is a wrapper around the completion mechanism, similar to what
         readline does at the command line when the TAB key is hit.  By
         exposing it as a method, it can be used by other non-readline
         environments (such as GUIs) for text completion.
 
         Simple usage example:
 
         In [7]: x = 'hello'
 
         In [8]: x
         Out[8]: 'hello'
 
         In [9]: print x
         hello
 
         In [10]: _ip.complete('x.l')
         Out[10]: ['x.ljust', 'x.lower', 'x.lstrip']
         """
 
         # Inject names into __builtin__ so we can complete on the added names.
         with self.builtin_trap:
             complete = self.Completer.complete
             state = 0
             # use a dict so we get unique keys, since ipyhton's multiple
             # completers can return duplicates.  When we make 2.4 a requirement,
             # start using sets instead, which are faster.
             comps = {}
             while True:
                 newcomp = complete(text,state,line_buffer=text)
                 if newcomp is None:
                     break
                 comps[newcomp] = 1
                 state += 1
             outcomps = comps.keys()
             outcomps.sort()
             #print "T:",text,"OC:",outcomps  # dbg
             #print "vars:",self.user_ns.keys()
             return outcomps
 
     def set_custom_completer(self,completer,pos=0):
         """Adds a new custom completer function.
 
         The position argument (defaults to 0) is the index in the completers
         list where you want the completer to be inserted."""
 
         newcomp = new.instancemethod(completer,self.Completer,
                                      self.Completer.__class__)
         self.Completer.matchers.insert(pos,newcomp)
 
     def set_completer(self):
         """Reset readline's completer to be our own."""
         self.readline.set_completer(self.Completer.complete)
 
     def set_completer_frame(self, frame=None):
         """Set the frame of the completer."""
         if frame:
             self.Completer.namespace = frame.f_locals
             self.Completer.global_namespace = frame.f_globals
         else:
             self.Completer.namespace = self.user_ns
             self.Completer.global_namespace = self.user_global_ns
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to readline
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_readline(self):
         """Command history completion/saving/reloading."""
 
         self.rl_next_input = None
         self.rl_do_indent = False
 
         if not self.readline_use:
             return
 
         import IPython.utils.rlineimpl as readline
                   
         if not readline.have_readline:
             self.has_readline = 0
             self.readline = None
             # no point in bugging windows users with this every time:
             warn('Readline services not available on this platform.')
         else:
             sys.modules['readline'] = readline
             import atexit
             from IPython.core.completer import IPCompleter
             self.Completer = IPCompleter(self,
                                          self.user_ns,
                                          self.user_global_ns,
                                          self.readline_omit__names,
                                          self.alias_manager.alias_table)
             sdisp = self.strdispatchers.get('complete_command', StrDispatch())
             self.strdispatchers['complete_command'] = sdisp
             self.Completer.custom_completers = sdisp
             # Platform-specific configuration
             if os.name == 'nt':
                 self.readline_startup_hook = readline.set_pre_input_hook
             else:
                 self.readline_startup_hook = readline.set_startup_hook
 
             # Load user's initrc file (readline config)
             # Or if libedit is used, load editrc.
             inputrc_name = os.environ.get('INPUTRC')
             if inputrc_name is None:
                 home_dir = get_home_dir()
                 if home_dir is not None:
                     inputrc_name = '.inputrc'
                     if readline.uses_libedit:
                         inputrc_name = '.editrc'
                     inputrc_name = os.path.join(home_dir, inputrc_name)
             if os.path.isfile(inputrc_name):
                 try:
                     readline.read_init_file(inputrc_name)
                 except:
                     warn('Problems reading readline initialization file <%s>'
                          % inputrc_name)
             
             self.has_readline = 1
             self.readline = readline
             # save this in sys so embedded copies can restore it properly
             sys.ipcompleter = self.Completer.complete
             self.set_completer()
 
             # Configure readline according to user's prefs
             # This is only done if GNU readline is being used.  If libedit
             # is being used (as on Leopard) the readline config is
             # not run as the syntax for libedit is different.
             if not readline.uses_libedit:
                 for rlcommand in self.readline_parse_and_bind:
                     #print "loading rl:",rlcommand  # dbg
                     readline.parse_and_bind(rlcommand)
 
             # Remove some chars from the delimiters list.  If we encounter
             # unicode chars, discard them.
             delims = readline.get_completer_delims().encode("ascii", "ignore")
             delims = delims.translate(string._idmap,
                                       self.readline_remove_delims)
             readline.set_completer_delims(delims)
             # otherwise we end up with a monster history after a while:
             readline.set_history_length(1000)
             try:
                 #print '*** Reading readline history'  # dbg
                 readline.read_history_file(self.histfile)
             except IOError:
                 pass  # It doesn't exist yet.
 
             atexit.register(self.atexit_operations)
             del atexit
 
         # Configure auto-indent for all platforms
         self.set_autoindent(self.autoindent)
 
     def set_next_input(self, s):
         """ Sets the 'default' input string for the next command line.
         
         Requires readline.
         
         Example:
         
         [D:\ipython]|1> _ip.set_next_input("Hello Word")
         [D:\ipython]|2> Hello Word_  # cursor is here        
         """
 
         self.rl_next_input = s
 
     def pre_readline(self):
         """readline hook to be used at the start of each line.
 
         Currently it handles auto-indent only."""
 
         #debugx('self.indent_current_nsp','pre_readline:')
 
         if self.rl_do_indent:
             self.readline.insert_text(self._indent_current_str())
         if self.rl_next_input is not None:
             self.readline.insert_text(self.rl_next_input)
             self.rl_next_input = None
 
     def _indent_current_str(self):
         """return the current level of indentation as a string"""
         return self.indent_current_nsp * ' '
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to magics
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_magics(self):
         # Set user colors (don't do it in the constructor above so that it
         # doesn't crash if colors option is invalid)
         self.magic_colors(self.colors)
 
     def magic(self,arg_s):
         """Call a magic function by name.
 
         Input: a string containing the name of the magic function to call and any
         additional arguments to be passed to the magic.
 
         magic('name -opt foo bar') is equivalent to typing at the ipython
         prompt:
 
         In[1]: %name -opt foo bar
 
         To call a magic without arguments, simply use magic('name').
 
         This provides a proper Python function to call IPython's magics in any
         valid Python code you can type at the interpreter, including loops and
         compound statements.
         """
 
         args = arg_s.split(' ',1)
         magic_name = args[0]
         magic_name = magic_name.lstrip(prefilter.ESC_MAGIC)
 
         try:
             magic_args = args[1]
         except IndexError:
             magic_args = ''
         fn = getattr(self,'magic_'+magic_name,None)
         if fn is None:
             error("Magic function `%s` not found." % magic_name)
         else:
             magic_args = self.var_expand(magic_args,1)
             with nested(self.builtin_trap,):
                 result = fn(magic_args)
                 return result
 
     def define_magic(self, magicname, func):
         """Expose own function as magic function for ipython 
     
         def foo_impl(self,parameter_s=''):
             'My very own magic!. (Use docstrings, IPython reads them).'
             print 'Magic function. Passed parameter is between < >:'
             print '<%s>' % parameter_s
             print 'The self object is:',self
     
         self.define_magic('foo',foo_impl)
         """
         
         import new
         im = new.instancemethod(func,self, self.__class__)
         old = getattr(self, "magic_" + magicname, None)
         setattr(self, "magic_" + magicname, im)
         return old
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to macros
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def define_macro(self, name, themacro):
         """Define a new macro
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         name : str
             The name of the macro.
         themacro : str or Macro
             The action to do upon invoking the macro.  If a string, a new 
             Macro object is created by passing the string to it.
         """
         
         from IPython.core import macro
 
         if isinstance(themacro, basestring):
             themacro = macro.Macro(themacro)
         if not isinstance(themacro, macro.Macro):
             raise ValueError('A macro must be a string or a Macro instance.')
         self.user_ns[name] = themacro
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to the running of system commands
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def system(self, cmd):
         """Make a system call, using IPython."""
         return self.hooks.shell_hook(self.var_expand(cmd, depth=2))
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to aliases
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_alias(self):
         self.alias_manager = AliasManager(self, config=self.config)
         self.ns_table['alias'] = self.alias_manager.alias_table,
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to the running of code
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def ex(self, cmd):
         """Execute a normal python statement in user namespace."""
         with nested(self.builtin_trap,):
             exec cmd in self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns
 
     def ev(self, expr):
         """Evaluate python expression expr in user namespace.
 
         Returns the result of evaluation
         """
         with nested(self.builtin_trap,):
             return eval(expr, self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns)
 
     def mainloop(self, display_banner=None):
         """Start the mainloop.
 
         If an optional banner argument is given, it will override the
         internally created default banner.
         """
         
         with nested(self.builtin_trap, self.display_trap):
 
             # if you run stuff with -c <cmd>, raw hist is not updated
             # ensure that it's in sync
             if len(self.input_hist) != len (self.input_hist_raw):
                 self.input_hist_raw = InputList(self.input_hist)
 
             while 1:
                 try:
                     self.interact(display_banner=display_banner)
                     #self.interact_with_readline()                
                     # XXX for testing of a readline-decoupled repl loop, call
                     # interact_with_readline above
                     break
                 except KeyboardInterrupt:
                     # this should not be necessary, but KeyboardInterrupt
                     # handling seems rather unpredictable...
                     self.write("\nKeyboardInterrupt in interact()\n")
 
     def interact_prompt(self):
         """ Print the prompt (in read-eval-print loop) 
 
         Provided for those who want to implement their own read-eval-print loop (e.g. GUIs), not 
         used in standard IPython flow.
         """
         if self.more:
             try:
                 prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(True)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
             if self.autoindent:
                 self.rl_do_indent = True
 
         else:
             try:
                 prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(False)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
         self.write(prompt)
 
     def interact_handle_input(self,line):
         """ Handle the input line (in read-eval-print loop)
         
         Provided for those who want to implement their own read-eval-print loop (e.g. GUIs), not 
         used in standard IPython flow.        
         """
         if line.lstrip() == line:
             self.shadowhist.add(line.strip())
         lineout = self.prefilter_manager.prefilter_lines(line,self.more)
 
         if line.strip():
             if self.more:
                 self.input_hist_raw[-1] += '%s\n' % line
             else:
                 self.input_hist_raw.append('%s\n' % line)                
 
         
         self.more = self.push_line(lineout)
         if (self.SyntaxTB.last_syntax_error and
             self.autoedit_syntax):
             self.edit_syntax_error()
 
     def interact_with_readline(self):
         """ Demo of using interact_handle_input, interact_prompt
         
         This is the main read-eval-print loop. If you need to implement your own (e.g. for GUI),
         it should work like this.
         """ 
         self.readline_startup_hook(self.pre_readline)
         while not self.exit_now:
             self.interact_prompt()
             if self.more:
                 self.rl_do_indent = True
             else:
                 self.rl_do_indent = False
             line = raw_input_original().decode(self.stdin_encoding)
             self.interact_handle_input(line)
 
     def interact(self, display_banner=None):
         """Closely emulate the interactive Python console."""
 
         # batch run -> do not interact        
         if self.exit_now:
             return
 
         if display_banner is None:
             display_banner = self.display_banner
         if display_banner:
             self.show_banner()
 
         more = 0
         
         # Mark activity in the builtins
         __builtin__.__dict__['__IPYTHON__active'] += 1
         
         if self.has_readline:
             self.readline_startup_hook(self.pre_readline)
         # exit_now is set by a call to %Exit or %Quit, through the
         # ask_exit callback.
         
         while not self.exit_now:
             self.hooks.pre_prompt_hook()
             if more:
                 try:
                     prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(True)
                 except:
                     self.showtraceback()
                 if self.autoindent:
                     self.rl_do_indent = True
                     
             else:
                 try:
                     prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(False)
                 except:
                     self.showtraceback()
             try:
                 line = self.raw_input(prompt, more)
                 if self.exit_now:
                     # quick exit on sys.std[in|out] close
                     break
                 if self.autoindent:
                     self.rl_do_indent = False
                     
             except KeyboardInterrupt:
                 #double-guard against keyboardinterrupts during kbdint handling
                 try:
                     self.write('\nKeyboardInterrupt\n')
                     self.resetbuffer()
                     # keep cache in sync with the prompt counter:
                     self.outputcache.prompt_count -= 1
     
                     if self.autoindent:
                         self.indent_current_nsp = 0
                     more = 0
                 except KeyboardInterrupt:
                     pass
             except EOFError:
                 if self.autoindent:
                     self.rl_do_indent = False
                     self.readline_startup_hook(None)
                 self.write('\n')
                 self.exit()
             except bdb.BdbQuit:
                 warn('The Python debugger has exited with a BdbQuit exception.\n'
                      'Because of how pdb handles the stack, it is impossible\n'
                      'for IPython to properly format this particular exception.\n'
                      'IPython will resume normal operation.')
             except:
                 # exceptions here are VERY RARE, but they can be triggered
                 # asynchronously by signal handlers, for example.
                 self.showtraceback()
             else:
                 more = self.push_line(line)
                 if (self.SyntaxTB.last_syntax_error and
                     self.autoedit_syntax):
                     self.edit_syntax_error()
             
         # We are off again...
         __builtin__.__dict__['__IPYTHON__active'] -= 1
 
     def safe_execfile(self, fname, *where, **kw):
         """A safe version of the builtin execfile().
 
         This version will never throw an exception, but instead print
         helpful error messages to the screen.  This only works on pure
         Python files with the .py extension.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         fname : string
             The name of the file to be executed.
         where : tuple
             One or two namespaces, passed to execfile() as (globals,locals).
             If only one is given, it is passed as both.
         exit_ignore : bool (False)
             If True, then don't print errors for non-zero exit statuses.
         """
         kw.setdefault('exit_ignore', False)
 
         fname = os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(fname))
 
         # Make sure we have a .py file
         if not fname.endswith('.py'):
             warn('File must end with .py to be run using execfile: <%s>' % fname)
 
         # Make sure we can open the file
         try:
             with open(fname) as thefile:
                 pass
         except:
             warn('Could not open file <%s> for safe execution.' % fname)
             return
 
         # Find things also in current directory.  This is needed to mimic the
         # behavior of running a script from the system command line, where
         # Python inserts the script's directory into sys.path
         dname = os.path.dirname(fname)
 
         with prepended_to_syspath(dname):
             try:
                 if sys.platform == 'win32' and sys.version_info < (2,5,1):
                     # Work around a bug in Python for Windows.  The bug was
                     # fixed in in Python 2.5 r54159 and 54158, but that's still
                     # SVN Python as of March/07.  For details, see:
                     # http://projects.scipy.org/ipython/ipython/ticket/123
                     try:
                         globs,locs = where[0:2]
                     except:
                         try:
                             globs = locs = where[0]
                         except:
                             globs = locs = globals()
                     exec file(fname) in globs,locs
                 else:
                     execfile(fname,*where)
             except SyntaxError:
                 self.showsyntaxerror()
                 warn('Failure executing file: <%s>' % fname)
             except SystemExit, status:
                 # Code that correctly sets the exit status flag to success (0)
                 # shouldn't be bothered with a traceback.  Note that a plain
                 # sys.exit() does NOT set the message to 0 (it's empty) so that
                 # will still get a traceback.  Note that the structure of the
                 # SystemExit exception changed between Python 2.4 and 2.5, so
                 # the checks must be done in a version-dependent way.
                 show = False
                 if status.args[0]==0 and not kw['exit_ignore']:
                     show = True
                 if show:
                     self.showtraceback()
                     warn('Failure executing file: <%s>' % fname)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
                 warn('Failure executing file: <%s>' % fname)
 
     def safe_execfile_ipy(self, fname):
         """Like safe_execfile, but for .ipy files with IPython syntax.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         fname : str
             The name of the file to execute.  The filename must have a
             .ipy extension.
         """
         fname = os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(fname))
 
         # Make sure we have a .py file
         if not fname.endswith('.ipy'):
             warn('File must end with .py to be run using execfile: <%s>' % fname)
 
         # Make sure we can open the file
         try:
             with open(fname) as thefile:
                 pass
         except:
             warn('Could not open file <%s> for safe execution.' % fname)
             return
 
         # Find things also in current directory.  This is needed to mimic the
         # behavior of running a script from the system command line, where
         # Python inserts the script's directory into sys.path
         dname = os.path.dirname(fname)
 
         with prepended_to_syspath(dname):
             try:
                 with open(fname) as thefile:
                     script = thefile.read()
                     # self.runlines currently captures all exceptions
                     # raise in user code.  It would be nice if there were
                     # versions of runlines, execfile that did raise, so
                     # we could catch the errors.
                     self.runlines(script, clean=True)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
                 warn('Unknown failure executing file: <%s>' % fname)
                 
     def _is_secondary_block_start(self, s):
         if not s.endswith(':'):
             return False
         if (s.startswith('elif') or 
             s.startswith('else') or 
             s.startswith('except') or
             s.startswith('finally')):
             return True
 
     def cleanup_ipy_script(self, script):
         """Make a script safe for self.runlines()
 
         Currently, IPython is lines based, with blocks being detected by
         empty lines.  This is a problem for block based scripts that may
         not have empty lines after blocks.  This script adds those empty
         lines to make scripts safe for running in the current line based
         IPython.
         """
         res = []
         lines = script.splitlines()
         level = 0
 
         for l in lines:
             lstripped = l.lstrip()
             stripped = l.strip()                
             if not stripped:
                 continue
             newlevel = len(l) - len(lstripped)                    
             if level > 0 and newlevel == 0 and \
                    not self._is_secondary_block_start(stripped): 
                 # add empty line
                 res.append('')
             res.append(l)
             level = newlevel
 
         return '\n'.join(res) + '\n'
 
     def runlines(self, lines, clean=False):
         """Run a string of one or more lines of source.
 
         This method is capable of running a string containing multiple source
         lines, as if they had been entered at the IPython prompt.  Since it
         exposes IPython's processing machinery, the given strings can contain
         magic calls (%magic), special shell access (!cmd), etc.
         """
 
         if isinstance(lines, (list, tuple)):
             lines = '\n'.join(lines)
 
         if clean:
             lines = self.cleanup_ipy_script(lines)
 
         # We must start with a clean buffer, in case this is run from an
         # interactive IPython session (via a magic, for example).
         self.resetbuffer()
         lines = lines.splitlines()
         more = 0
 
         with nested(self.builtin_trap, self.display_trap):
             for line in lines:
                 # skip blank lines so we don't mess up the prompt counter, but do
                 # NOT skip even a blank line if we are in a code block (more is
                 # true)
             
                 if line or more:
                     # push to raw history, so hist line numbers stay in sync
                     self.input_hist_raw.append("# " + line + "\n")
                     prefiltered = self.prefilter_manager.prefilter_lines(line,more)
                     more = self.push_line(prefiltered)
                     # IPython's runsource returns None if there was an error
                     # compiling the code.  This allows us to stop processing right
                     # away, so the user gets the error message at the right place.
                     if more is None:
                         break
                 else:
                     self.input_hist_raw.append("\n")
             # final newline in case the input didn't have it, so that the code
             # actually does get executed
             if more:
                 self.push_line('\n')
 
     def runsource(self, source, filename='<input>', symbol='single'):
         """Compile and run some source in the interpreter.
 
         Arguments are as for compile_command().
 
         One several things can happen:
 
         1) The input is incorrect; compile_command() raised an
         exception (SyntaxError or OverflowError).  A syntax traceback
         will be printed by calling the showsyntaxerror() method.
 
         2) The input is incomplete, and more input is required;
         compile_command() returned None.  Nothing happens.
 
         3) The input is complete; compile_command() returned a code
         object.  The code is executed by calling self.runcode() (which
         also handles run-time exceptions, except for SystemExit).
 
         The return value is:
 
           - True in case 2
 
           - False in the other cases, unless an exception is raised, where
           None is returned instead.  This can be used by external callers to
           know whether to continue feeding input or not.
 
         The return value can be used to decide whether to use sys.ps1 or
         sys.ps2 to prompt the next line."""
 
         # if the source code has leading blanks, add 'if 1:\n' to it
         # this allows execution of indented pasted code. It is tempting
         # to add '\n' at the end of source to run commands like ' a=1'
         # directly, but this fails for more complicated scenarios
         source=source.encode(self.stdin_encoding)
         if source[:1] in [' ', '\t']:
             source = 'if 1:\n%s' % source
 
         try:
             code = self.compile(source,filename,symbol)
         except (OverflowError, SyntaxError, ValueError, TypeError, MemoryError):
             # Case 1
             self.showsyntaxerror(filename)
             return None
 
         if code is None:
             # Case 2
             return True
 
         # Case 3
         # We store the code object so that threaded shells and
         # custom exception handlers can access all this info if needed.
         # The source corresponding to this can be obtained from the
         # buffer attribute as '\n'.join(self.buffer).
         self.code_to_run = code
         # now actually execute the code object
         if self.runcode(code) == 0:
             return False
         else:
             return None
 
     def runcode(self,code_obj):
         """Execute a code object.
 
         When an exception occurs, self.showtraceback() is called to display a
         traceback.
 
         Return value: a flag indicating whether the code to be run completed
         successfully:
 
           - 0: successful execution.
           - 1: an error occurred.
         """
 
         # Set our own excepthook in case the user code tries to call it
         # directly, so that the IPython crash handler doesn't get triggered
         old_excepthook,sys.excepthook = sys.excepthook, self.excepthook
 
         # we save the original sys.excepthook in the instance, in case config
         # code (such as magics) needs access to it.
         self.sys_excepthook = old_excepthook
         outflag = 1  # happens in more places, so it's easier as default
         try:
             try:
                 self.hooks.pre_runcode_hook()
                 exec code_obj in self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns
             finally:
                 # Reset our crash handler in place
                 sys.excepthook = old_excepthook
         except SystemExit:
             self.resetbuffer()
             self.showtraceback()
             warn("Type %exit or %quit to exit IPython "
                  "(%Exit or %Quit do so unconditionally).",level=1)
         except self.custom_exceptions:
             etype,value,tb = sys.exc_info()
             self.CustomTB(etype,value,tb)
         except:
             self.showtraceback()
         else:
             outflag = 0
             if softspace(sys.stdout, 0):
                 print
         # Flush out code object which has been run (and source)
         self.code_to_run = None
         return outflag
         
     def push_line(self, line):
         """Push a line to the interpreter.
 
         The line should not have a trailing newline; it may have
         internal newlines.  The line is appended to a buffer and the
         interpreter's runsource() method is called with the
         concatenated contents of the buffer as source.  If this
         indicates that the command was executed or invalid, the buffer
         is reset; otherwise, the command is incomplete, and the buffer
         is left as it was after the line was appended.  The return
         value is 1 if more input is required, 0 if the line was dealt
         with in some way (this is the same as runsource()).
         """
 
         # autoindent management should be done here, and not in the
         # interactive loop, since that one is only seen by keyboard input.  We
         # need this done correctly even for code run via runlines (which uses
         # push).
 
         #print 'push line: <%s>' % line  # dbg
         for subline in line.splitlines():
             self._autoindent_update(subline)
         self.buffer.append(line)
         more = self.runsource('\n'.join(self.buffer), self.filename)
         if not more:
             self.resetbuffer()
         return more
 
     def _autoindent_update(self,line):
         """Keep track of the indent level."""
 
         #debugx('line')
         #debugx('self.indent_current_nsp')
         if self.autoindent:
             if line:
                 inisp = num_ini_spaces(line)
                 if inisp < self.indent_current_nsp:
                     self.indent_current_nsp = inisp
 
                 if line[-1] == ':':
                     self.indent_current_nsp += 4
                 elif dedent_re.match(line):
                     self.indent_current_nsp -= 4
             else:
                 self.indent_current_nsp = 0
 
     def resetbuffer(self):
         """Reset the input buffer."""
         self.buffer[:] = []
         
     def raw_input(self,prompt='',continue_prompt=False):
         """Write a prompt and read a line.
 
         The returned line does not include the trailing newline.
         When the user enters the EOF key sequence, EOFError is raised.
 
         Optional inputs:
 
           - prompt(''): a string to be printed to prompt the user.
 
           - continue_prompt(False): whether this line is the first one or a
           continuation in a sequence of inputs.
         """
         # growl.notify("raw_input: ", "prompt = %r\ncontinue_prompt = %s" % (prompt, continue_prompt))
 
         # Code run by the user may have modified the readline completer state.
         # We must ensure that our completer is back in place.
 
         if self.has_readline:
             self.set_completer()
         
         try:
             line = raw_input_original(prompt).decode(self.stdin_encoding)
         except ValueError:
             warn("\n********\nYou or a %run:ed script called sys.stdin.close()"
                  " or sys.stdout.close()!\nExiting IPython!")
             self.ask_exit()
             return ""
 
         # Try to be reasonably smart about not re-indenting pasted input more
         # than necessary.  We do this by trimming out the auto-indent initial
         # spaces, if the user's actual input started itself with whitespace.
         #debugx('self.buffer[-1]')
 
         if self.autoindent:
             if num_ini_spaces(line) > self.indent_current_nsp:
                 line = line[self.indent_current_nsp:]
                 self.indent_current_nsp = 0
             
         # store the unfiltered input before the user has any chance to modify
         # it.
         if line.strip():
             if continue_prompt:
                 self.input_hist_raw[-1] += '%s\n' % line
                 if self.has_readline and self.readline_use:
                     try:
                         histlen = self.readline.get_current_history_length()
                         if histlen > 1:
                             newhist = self.input_hist_raw[-1].rstrip()
                             self.readline.remove_history_item(histlen-1)
                             self.readline.replace_history_item(histlen-2,
                                             newhist.encode(self.stdin_encoding))
                     except AttributeError:
                         pass # re{move,place}_history_item are new in 2.4.                
             else:
                 self.input_hist_raw.append('%s\n' % line)                
             # only entries starting at first column go to shadow history
             if line.lstrip() == line:
                 self.shadowhist.add(line.strip())
         elif not continue_prompt:
             self.input_hist_raw.append('\n')
         try:
             lineout = self.prefilter_manager.prefilter_lines(line,continue_prompt)
         except:
             # blanket except, in case a user-defined prefilter crashes, so it
             # can't take all of ipython with it.
             self.showtraceback()
             return ''
         else:
             return lineout
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Working with components
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def get_component(self, name=None, klass=None):
         """Fetch a component by name and klass in my tree."""
         c = Component.get_instances(root=self, name=name, klass=klass)
         if len(c) == 1:
             return c[0]
         else:
             return c
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # IPython extensions
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def load_extension(self, module_str):
         """Load an IPython extension by its module name.
 
         An IPython extension is an importable Python module that has
         a function with the signature::
 
             def load_ipython_extension(ipython):
                 # Do things with ipython
 
         This function is called after your extension is imported and the 
         currently active :class:`InteractiveShell` instance is passed as
         the only argument.  You can do anything you want with IPython at
         that point, including defining new magic and aliases, adding new
         components, etc.
 
         The :func:`load_ipython_extension` will be called again is you 
         load or reload the extension again.  It is up to the extension
         author to add code to manage that.
 
         You can put your extension modules anywhere you want, as long as
         they can be imported by Python's standard import mechanism.  However,
         to make it easy to write extensions, you can also put your extensions
         in ``os.path.join(self.ipythondir, 'extensions')``.  This directory
         is added to ``sys.path`` automatically.
         """
         from IPython.utils.syspathcontext import prepended_to_syspath
 
         if module_str not in sys.modules:
             with prepended_to_syspath(self.ipython_extension_dir):
                 __import__(module_str)
         mod = sys.modules[module_str]
         self._call_load_ipython_extension(mod)
 
     def unload_extension(self, module_str):
         """Unload an IPython extension by its module name.
 
         This function looks up the extension's name in ``sys.modules`` and
         simply calls ``mod.unload_ipython_extension(self)``.
         """
         if module_str in sys.modules:
             mod = sys.modules[module_str]
             self._call_unload_ipython_extension(mod)
 
     def reload_extension(self, module_str):
         """Reload an IPython extension by calling reload.
 
         If the module has not been loaded before,
         :meth:`InteractiveShell.load_extension` is called. Otherwise
         :func:`reload` is called and then the :func:`load_ipython_extension`
         function of the module, if it exists is called.
         """
         from IPython.utils.syspathcontext import prepended_to_syspath
 
         with prepended_to_syspath(self.ipython_extension_dir):
             if module_str in sys.modules:
                 mod = sys.modules[module_str]
                 reload(mod)
                 self._call_load_ipython_extension(mod)
             else:
                 self.load_extension(module_str)
 
     def _call_load_ipython_extension(self, mod):
         if hasattr(mod, 'load_ipython_extension'):
             mod.load_ipython_extension(self)
 
     def _call_unload_ipython_extension(self, mod):
         if hasattr(mod, 'unload_ipython_extension'):
             mod.unload_ipython_extension(self)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to the prefilter
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def init_prefilter(self):
         self.prefilter_manager = PrefilterManager(self, config=self.config)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Utilities
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def getoutput(self, cmd):
         return getoutput(self.var_expand(cmd,depth=2),
                          header=self.system_header,
                          verbose=self.system_verbose)
 
     def getoutputerror(self, cmd):
         return getoutputerror(self.var_expand(cmd,depth=2),
                               header=self.system_header,
                               verbose=self.system_verbose)
 
     def var_expand(self,cmd,depth=0):
         """Expand python variables in a string.
 
         The depth argument indicates how many frames above the caller should
         be walked to look for the local namespace where to expand variables.
 
         The global namespace for expansion is always the user's interactive
         namespace.
         """
 
         return str(ItplNS(cmd,
                           self.user_ns,  # globals
                           # Skip our own frame in searching for locals:
                           sys._getframe(depth+1).f_locals # locals
                           ))
 
     def mktempfile(self,data=None):
         """Make a new tempfile and return its filename.
 
         This makes a call to tempfile.mktemp, but it registers the created
         filename internally so ipython cleans it up at exit time.
 
         Optional inputs:
 
           - data(None): if data is given, it gets written out to the temp file
           immediately, and the file is closed again."""
 
         filename = tempfile.mktemp('.py','ipython_edit_')
         self.tempfiles.append(filename)
         
         if data:
             tmp_file = open(filename,'w')
             tmp_file.write(data)
             tmp_file.close()
         return filename
 
     def write(self,data):
         """Write a string to the default output"""
         Term.cout.write(data)
 
     def write_err(self,data):
         """Write a string to the default error output"""
         Term.cerr.write(data)
 
     def ask_yes_no(self,prompt,default=True):
         if self.quiet:
             return True
         return ask_yes_no(prompt,default)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Things related to IPython exiting
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def ask_exit(self):
         """ Call for exiting. Can be overiden and used as a callback. """
         self.exit_now = True
 
     def exit(self):
         """Handle interactive exit.
 
         This method calls the ask_exit callback."""
         if self.confirm_exit:
             if self.ask_yes_no('Do you really want to exit ([y]/n)?','y'):
                 self.ask_exit()
         else:
             self.ask_exit()
 
     def atexit_operations(self):
         """This will be executed at the time of exit.
 
         Saving of persistent data should be performed here.
         """
         self.savehist()
 
         # Cleanup all tempfiles left around
         for tfile in self.tempfiles:
             try:
                 os.unlink(tfile)
             except OSError:
                 pass
 
         # Clear all user namespaces to release all references cleanly.
         self.reset()
 
         # Run user hooks
         self.hooks.shutdown_hook()
 
     def cleanup(self):
         self.restore_sys_module_state()
 
 

IPython/kernel/configobjfactory.py

@@ -1,79 +1,79
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 A class for creating a Twisted service that is configured using IPython's
 configuration system.
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import zope.interface as zi
 
 from IPython.core.component import Component
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Code
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class IConfiguredObjectFactory(zi.Interface):
     """I am a component that creates a configured object.
 
     This class is useful if you want to configure a class that is not a 
     subclass of :class:`IPython.core.component.Component`.
     """
 
     def __init__(config):
         """Get ready to configure the object using config."""
 
     def create():
         """Return an instance of the configured object."""
 
 
 class ConfiguredObjectFactory(Component):
 
     zi.implements(IConfiguredObjectFactory)
 
     def __init__(self, config):
         super(ConfiguredObjectFactory, self).__init__(None, config=config)
 
     def create(self):
         raise NotImplementedError('create must be implemented in a subclass')
 
 
 class IAdaptedConfiguredObjectFactory(zi.Interface):
     """I am a component that adapts and configures an object.
 
-    This class is useful if you have the adapt a instance and configure it.
+    This class is useful if you have the adapt an instance and configure it.
     """
 
     def __init__(config, adaptee=None):
         """Get ready to adapt adaptee and then configure it using config."""
 
     def create():
         """Return an instance of the adapted and configured object."""
 
 
 class AdaptedConfiguredObjectFactory(Component):
 
     # zi.implements(IAdaptedConfiguredObjectFactory)
 
     def __init__(self, config, adaptee):
         # print
         # print "config pre:", config
         super(AdaptedConfiguredObjectFactory, self).__init__(None, config=config)
         # print
         # print "config post:", config
         self.adaptee = adaptee
 
     def create(self):
         raise NotImplementedError('create must be implemented in a subclass')
  No newline at end of file

IPython/kernel/ipcontrollerapp.py

@@ -1,275 +1,268
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
-The IPython controller application
+The IPython controller application.
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import copy
-import logging
 import os
 import sys
 
 from twisted.application import service
-from twisted.internet import reactor, defer
+from twisted.internet import reactor
 from twisted.python import log
 
 from IPython.config.loader import Config, NoConfigDefault
 
-from IPython.core.application import (
-    ApplicationWithDir, 
-    AppWithDirArgParseConfigLoader
+from IPython.kernel.clusterdir import (
+    ApplicationWithClusterDir, 
+    AppWithClusterDirArgParseConfigLoader
 )
 
 from IPython.core import release
 
-from IPython.utils.traitlets import Int, Str, Bool, Instance
-from IPython.utils.importstring import import_item
+from IPython.utils.traitlets import Str, Instance
 
 from IPython.kernel import controllerservice
-from IPython.kernel.configobjfactory import (
-    ConfiguredObjectFactory,
-    AdaptedConfiguredObjectFactory
-)
 
 from IPython.kernel.fcutil import FCServiceFactory
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Default interfaces
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 # The default client interfaces for FCClientServiceFactory.interfaces
 default_client_interfaces = Config()
 default_client_interfaces.Task.interface_chain = [
     'IPython.kernel.task.ITaskController',
     'IPython.kernel.taskfc.IFCTaskController'
 ]
 
 default_client_interfaces.Task.furl_file = 'ipcontroller-tc.furl'
 
 default_client_interfaces.MultiEngine.interface_chain = [
     'IPython.kernel.multiengine.IMultiEngine',
     'IPython.kernel.multienginefc.IFCSynchronousMultiEngine'
 ]
 
 default_client_interfaces.MultiEngine.furl_file = 'ipcontroller-mec.furl'
 
 # Make this a dict we can pass to Config.__init__ for the default
 default_client_interfaces = dict(copy.deepcopy(default_client_interfaces.items()))
 
 
 
 # The default engine interfaces for FCEngineServiceFactory.interfaces
 default_engine_interfaces = Config()
 default_engine_interfaces.Default.interface_chain = [
     'IPython.kernel.enginefc.IFCControllerBase'
 ]
 
 default_engine_interfaces.Default.furl_file = 'ipcontroller-engine.furl'
 
 # Make this a dict we can pass to Config.__init__ for the default
 default_engine_interfaces = dict(copy.deepcopy(default_engine_interfaces.items()))
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Service factories
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class FCClientServiceFactory(FCServiceFactory):
     """A Foolscap implementation of the client services."""
 
     cert_file = Str('ipcontroller-client.pem', config=True)
     interfaces = Instance(klass=Config, kw=default_client_interfaces,
                           allow_none=False, config=True)
 
 
 class FCEngineServiceFactory(FCServiceFactory):
     """A Foolscap implementation of the engine services."""
 
     cert_file = Str('ipcontroller-engine.pem', config=True)
     interfaces = Instance(klass=dict, kw=default_engine_interfaces,
                           allow_none=False, config=True)
 
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # The main application
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 cl_args = (
     # Client config
     (('--client-ip',), dict(
         type=str, dest='FCClientServiceFactory.ip', default=NoConfigDefault,
-        help='The IP address or hostname the controller will listen on for client connections.',
+        help='The IP address or hostname the controller will listen on for '
+        'client connections.',
         metavar='FCClientServiceFactory.ip')
     ),
     (('--client-port',), dict(
         type=int, dest='FCClientServiceFactory.port', default=NoConfigDefault,
-        help='The port the controller will listen on for client connections.',
+        help='The port the controller will listen on for client connections. '
+        'The default is to use 0, which will autoselect an open port.',
         metavar='FCClientServiceFactory.port')
     ),
     (('--client-location',), dict(
         type=str, dest='FCClientServiceFactory.location', default=NoConfigDefault,
-        help='The hostname or ip that clients should connect to.',
+        help='The hostname or IP that clients should connect to. This does '
+        'not control which interface the controller listens on. Instead, this '
+        'determines the hostname/IP that is listed in the FURL, which is how '
+        'clients know where to connect. Useful if the controller is listening '
+        'on multiple interfaces.',
         metavar='FCClientServiceFactory.location')
     ),
     # Engine config
     (('--engine-ip',), dict(
         type=str, dest='FCEngineServiceFactory.ip', default=NoConfigDefault,
-        help='The IP address or hostname the controller will listen on for engine connections.',
+        help='The IP address or hostname the controller will listen on for '
+        'engine connections.',
         metavar='FCEngineServiceFactory.ip')
     ),
     (('--engine-port',), dict(
         type=int, dest='FCEngineServiceFactory.port', default=NoConfigDefault,
-        help='The port the controller will listen on for engine connections.',
+        help='The port the controller will listen on for engine connections. '
+        'The default is to use 0, which will autoselect an open port.',
         metavar='FCEngineServiceFactory.port')
     ),
     (('--engine-location',), dict(
         type=str, dest='FCEngineServiceFactory.location', default=NoConfigDefault,
-        help='The hostname or ip that engines should connect to.',
+        help='The hostname or IP that engines should connect to. This does '
+        'not control which interface the controller listens on. Instead, this '
+        'determines the hostname/IP that is listed in the FURL, which is how '
+        'engines know where to connect. Useful if the controller is listening '
+        'on multiple interfaces.',
         metavar='FCEngineServiceFactory.location')
     ),
     # Global config
     (('--log-to-file',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='Global.log_to_file', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help='Log to a file in the log directory (default is stdout)')
     ),
     (('-r','--reuse-furls'), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='Global.reuse_furls', default=NoConfigDefault,
-        help='Try to reuse all FURL files.')
+        help='Try to reuse all FURL files. If this is not set all FURL files '
+        'are deleted before the controller starts. This must be set if '
+        'specific ports are specified by --engine-port or --client-port.')
     ),
     (('-ns','--no-security'), dict(
         action='store_false', dest='Global.secure', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help='Turn off SSL encryption for all connections.')
     )
 )
 
 
-class IPControllerAppCLConfigLoader(AppWithDirArgParseConfigLoader):
+class IPControllerAppCLConfigLoader(AppWithClusterDirArgParseConfigLoader):
 
     arguments = cl_args
 
 
 default_config_file_name = 'ipcontroller_config.py'
 
 
-class IPControllerApp(ApplicationWithDir):
+class IPControllerApp(ApplicationWithClusterDir):
 
     name = 'ipcontroller'
-    app_dir_basename = 'cluster'
     description = 'Start the IPython controller for parallel computing.'
     config_file_name = default_config_file_name
 
     def create_default_config(self):
         super(IPControllerApp, self).create_default_config()
         self.default_config.Global.reuse_furls = False
         self.default_config.Global.secure = True
         self.default_config.Global.import_statements = []
-        self.default_config.Global.log_dir_name = 'log'
-        self.default_config.Global.security_dir_name = 'security'
         self.default_config.Global.log_to_file = False
 
     def create_command_line_config(self):
         """Create and return a command line config loader."""
         return IPControllerAppCLConfigLoader(
             description=self.description, 
             version=release.version
         )
 
     def post_load_command_line_config(self):
         # Now setup reuse_furls
-        if hasattr(self.command_line_config.Global, 'reuse_furls'):
-            self.command_line_config.FCClientServiceFactory.reuse_furls = \
-                self.command_line_config.Global.reuse_furls
-            self.command_line_config.FCEngineServiceFactory.reuse_furls = \
-                self.command_line_config.Global.reuse_furls
-            del self.command_line_config.Global.reuse_furls
-        if hasattr(self.command_line_config.Global, 'secure'):
-            self.command_line_config.FCClientServiceFactory.secure = \
-                self.command_line_config.Global.secure
-            self.command_line_config.FCEngineServiceFactory.secure = \
-                self.command_line_config.Global.secure
-            del self.command_line_config.Global.secure
+        c = self.command_line_config
+        if hasattr(c.Global, 'reuse_furls'):
+            c.FCClientServiceFactory.reuse_furls = c.Global.reuse_furls
+            c.FCEngineServiceFactory.reuse_furls = c.Global.reuse_furls
+            del c.Global.reuse_furls
+        if hasattr(c.Global, 'secure'):
+            c.FCClientServiceFactory.secure = c.Global.secure
+            c.FCEngineServiceFactory.secure = c.Global.secure
+            del c.Global.secure
 
     def pre_construct(self):
+        # The log and security dirs were set earlier, but here we put them
+        # into the config and log them.
         config = self.master_config
-        # Now set the security_dir and log_dir and create them.  We use
-        # the names an construct the absolute paths.
-        security_dir = os.path.join(config.Global.app_dir,
-                                    config.Global.security_dir_name)
-        log_dir = os.path.join(config.Global.app_dir, 
-                               config.Global.log_dir_name)
-        if not os.path.isdir(security_dir):
-            os.mkdir(security_dir, 0700)
-        else:
-            os.chmod(security_dir, 0700)
-        if not os.path.isdir(log_dir):
-            os.mkdir(log_dir, 0777)
-
-        self.security_dir = config.Global.security_dir = security_dir
-        self.log_dir = config.Global.log_dir = log_dir
+        sdir = self.cluster_dir_obj.security_dir
+        self.security_dir = config.Global.security_dir = sdir
+        ldir = self.cluster_dir_obj.log_dir
+        self.log_dir = config.Global.log_dir = ldir
         self.log.info("Log directory set to: %s" % self.log_dir)
         self.log.info("Security directory set to: %s" % self.security_dir)
 
     def construct(self):
         # I am a little hesitant to put these into InteractiveShell itself.
         # But that might be the place for them
         sys.path.insert(0, '')
 
         self.start_logging()
         self.import_statements()
         
         # Create the service hierarchy
         self.main_service = service.MultiService()
         # The controller service
         controller_service = controllerservice.ControllerService()
         controller_service.setServiceParent(self.main_service)
         # The client tub and all its refereceables
         csfactory = FCClientServiceFactory(self.master_config, controller_service)
         client_service = csfactory.create()
         client_service.setServiceParent(self.main_service)
         # The engine tub
         esfactory = FCEngineServiceFactory(self.master_config, controller_service)
         engine_service = esfactory.create()
         engine_service.setServiceParent(self.main_service)
 
     def start_logging(self):
         if self.master_config.Global.log_to_file:
             log_filename = self.name + '-' + str(os.getpid()) + '.log'
             logfile = os.path.join(self.log_dir, log_filename)
             open_log_file = open(logfile, 'w')
         else:
             open_log_file = sys.stdout
         log.startLogging(open_log_file)
 
     def import_statements(self):
         statements = self.master_config.Global.import_statements
         for s in statements:
             try:
                 log.msg("Executing statement: '%s'" % s)
                 exec s in globals(), locals()
             except:
                 log.msg("Error running statement: %s" % s)
 
     def start_app(self):
         # Start the controller service and set things running
         self.main_service.startService()
         reactor.run()
 
 
 def launch_new_instance():
     """Create and run the IPython controller"""
     app = IPControllerApp()
     app.start()

IPython/kernel/ipengineapp.py

@@ -1,257 +1,245
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
 """
 The IPython controller application
 """
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Copyright (C) 2008-2009  The IPython Development Team
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import os
 import sys
 
 from twisted.application import service
 from twisted.internet import reactor
 from twisted.python import log
 
 from IPython.config.loader import NoConfigDefault
 
-from IPython.core.application import (
-    ApplicationWithDir, 
-    AppWithDirArgParseConfigLoader
+from IPython.kernel.clusterdir import (
+    ApplicationWithClusterDir, 
+    AppWithClusterDirArgParseConfigLoader
 )
 from IPython.core import release
 
 from IPython.utils.importstring import import_item
 
 from IPython.kernel.engineservice import EngineService
 from IPython.kernel.fcutil import Tub
 from IPython.kernel.engineconnector import EngineConnector
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # The main application
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 cl_args = (
     # Controller config
     (('--furl-file',), dict(
         type=str, dest='Global.furl_file', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help='The full location of the file containing the FURL of the '
         'controller. If this is not given, the FURL file must be in the '
         'security directory of the cluster directory.  This location is '
         'resolved using the --profile and --app-dir options.',
         metavar='Global.furl_file')
     ),
     # MPI
     (('--mpi',), dict(
         type=str, dest='MPI.use', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help='How to enable MPI (mpi4py, pytrilinos, or empty string to disable).',
         metavar='MPI.use')
     ),
     # Global config
     (('--log-to-file',), dict(
         action='store_true', dest='Global.log_to_file', default=NoConfigDefault,
         help='Log to a file in the log directory (default is stdout)')
     )
 )
 
 
-class IPEngineAppCLConfigLoader(AppWithDirArgParseConfigLoader):
+class IPEngineAppCLConfigLoader(AppWithClusterDirArgParseConfigLoader):
 
     arguments = cl_args
 
 
 mpi4py_init = """from mpi4py import MPI as mpi
 mpi.size = mpi.COMM_WORLD.Get_size()
 mpi.rank = mpi.COMM_WORLD.Get_rank()
 """
 
 pytrilinos_init = """from PyTrilinos import Epetra
 class SimpleStruct:
 pass
 mpi = SimpleStruct()
 mpi.rank = 0
 mpi.size = 0
 """
 
 
 default_config_file_name = 'ipengine_config.py'
 
 
-class IPEngineApp(ApplicationWithDir):
+class IPEngineApp(ApplicationWithClusterDir):
 
     name = 'ipengine'
-    app_dir_basename = 'cluster'
     description = 'Start the IPython engine for parallel computing.'
     config_file_name = default_config_file_name
 
     def create_default_config(self):
         super(IPEngineApp, self).create_default_config()
 
         # Global config attributes
         self.default_config.Global.log_to_file = False
         self.default_config.Global.exec_lines = []
         # The log and security dir names must match that of the controller
         self.default_config.Global.log_dir_name = 'log'
         self.default_config.Global.security_dir_name = 'security'
         self.default_config.Global.shell_class = 'IPython.kernel.core.interpreter.Interpreter'
 
         # Configuration related to the controller
         # This must match the filename (path not included) that the controller
         # used for the FURL file.
         self.default_config.Global.furl_file_name = 'ipcontroller-engine.furl'
         # If given, this is the actual location of the controller's FURL file.
         # If not, this is computed using the profile, app_dir and furl_file_name
         self.default_config.Global.furl_file = ''
 
         # MPI related config attributes
         self.default_config.MPI.use = ''
         self.default_config.MPI.mpi4py = mpi4py_init
         self.default_config.MPI.pytrilinos = pytrilinos_init
 
     def create_command_line_config(self):
         """Create and return a command line config loader."""
         return IPEngineAppCLConfigLoader(
             description=self.description, 
             version=release.version
         )
 
     def post_load_command_line_config(self):
         pass
 
     def pre_construct(self):
         config = self.master_config
-        # Now set the security_dir and log_dir and create them.  We use
-        # the names an construct the absolute paths.
-        security_dir = os.path.join(config.Global.app_dir,
-                                    config.Global.security_dir_name)
-        log_dir = os.path.join(config.Global.app_dir,
-                               config.Global.log_dir_name)
-        if not os.path.isdir(security_dir):
-            os.mkdir(security_dir, 0700)
-        else:
-            os.chmod(security_dir, 0700)
-        if not os.path.isdir(log_dir):
-            os.mkdir(log_dir, 0777)
-
-        self.security_dir = config.Global.security_dir = security_dir
-        self.log_dir = config.Global.log_dir = log_dir
+        sdir = self.cluster_dir_obj.security_dir
+        self.security_dir = config.Global.security_dir = sdir
+        ldir = self.cluster_dir_obj.log_dir
+        self.log_dir = config.Global.log_dir = ldir
         self.log.info("Log directory set to: %s" % self.log_dir)
         self.log.info("Security directory set to: %s" % self.security_dir)
 
         self.find_cont_furl_file()
 
     def find_cont_furl_file(self):
         config = self.master_config
         # Find the actual controller FURL file
         if os.path.isfile(config.Global.furl_file):
             return
         else:
             # We should know what the app dir is
             try_this = os.path.join(
-                config.Global.app_dir, 
+                config.Global.cluster_dir, 
                 config.Global.security_dir,
                 config.Global.furl_file_name
             )
             if os.path.isfile(try_this):
                 config.Global.furl_file = try_this
                 return
             else:
                 self.log.critical("Could not find a valid controller FURL file.")
                 self.abort()
 
     def construct(self):
         # I am a little hesitant to put these into InteractiveShell itself.
         # But that might be the place for them
         sys.path.insert(0, '')
 
         self.start_mpi()
         self.start_logging()
 
         # Create the underlying shell class and EngineService
         shell_class = import_item(self.master_config.Global.shell_class)
         self.engine_service = EngineService(shell_class, mpi=mpi)
 
         self.exec_lines()
 
         # Create the service hierarchy
         self.main_service = service.MultiService()
         self.engine_service.setServiceParent(self.main_service)
         self.tub_service = Tub()
         self.tub_service.setServiceParent(self.main_service)
         # This needs to be called before the connection is initiated
         self.main_service.startService()
 
         # This initiates the connection to the controller and calls
         # register_engine to tell the controller we are ready to do work
         self.engine_connector = EngineConnector(self.tub_service)
 
         log.msg("Using furl file: %s" % self.master_config.Global.furl_file)
 
         reactor.callWhenRunning(self.call_connect)
 
     def call_connect(self):
         d = self.engine_connector.connect_to_controller(
             self.engine_service, 
             self.master_config.Global.furl_file
         )
 
         def handle_error(f):
             # If this print statement is replaced by a log.err(f) I get
             # an unhandled error, which makes no sense.  I shouldn't have
             # to use a print statement here.  My only thought is that
             # at the beginning of the process the logging is still starting up
             print "Error connecting to controller:", f.getErrorMessage()
             reactor.callLater(0.1, reactor.stop)
 
         d.addErrback(handle_error)
 
     def start_mpi(self):
         global mpi
         mpikey = self.master_config.MPI.use
         mpi_import_statement = self.master_config.MPI.get(mpikey, None)
         if mpi_import_statement is not None:
             try:
                 self.log.info("Initializing MPI:")
                 self.log.info(mpi_import_statement)
                 exec mpi_import_statement in globals()
             except:
                 mpi = None
         else:
             mpi = None
 
     def start_logging(self):
         if self.master_config.Global.log_to_file:
             log_filename = self.name + '-' + str(os.getpid()) + '.log'
             logfile = os.path.join(self.log_dir, log_filename)
             open_log_file = open(logfile, 'w')
         else:
             open_log_file = sys.stdout
         log.startLogging(open_log_file)
 
     def exec_lines(self):
         for line in self.master_config.Global.exec_lines:
             try:
                 log.msg("Executing statement: '%s'" % line)
                 self.engine_service.execute(line)
             except:
                 log.msg("Error executing statement: %s" % line)
 
     def start_app(self):
         # Start the controller service and set things running
         reactor.run()
 
 
 def launch_new_instance():
     """Create and run the IPython controller"""
     app = IPEngineApp()
     app.start()

IPython/utils/genutils.py

@@ -1,1794 +1,1769
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """General purpose utilities.
 
 This is a grab-bag of stuff I find useful in most programs I write. Some of
 these things are also convenient when working at the command line.
 """
 
 #*****************************************************************************
 #       Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Fernando Perez. <[e-mail]>
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #*****************************************************************************
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # required modules from the Python standard library
 import __main__
 
 import os
 import platform
 import re
 import shlex
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import time
 import types
 import warnings
 
 # Curses and termios are Unix-only modules
 try:
     import curses
     # We need termios as well, so if its import happens to raise, we bail on
     # using curses altogether.
     import termios
 except ImportError:
     USE_CURSES = False
 else:
     # Curses on Solaris may not be complete, so we can't use it there
     USE_CURSES = hasattr(curses,'initscr')
 
 # Other IPython utilities
 import IPython
 from IPython.external.Itpl import itpl,printpl
 from IPython.utils import platutils
 from IPython.utils.generics import result_display
 from IPython.external.path import path
 
 try:
     set
 except:
     from sets import Set as set
 
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Exceptions
 class Error(Exception):
     """Base class for exceptions in this module."""
     pass
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class IOStream:
     def __init__(self,stream,fallback):
         if not hasattr(stream,'write') or not hasattr(stream,'flush'):
             stream = fallback
         self.stream = stream
         self._swrite = stream.write
         self.flush = stream.flush
 
     def write(self,data):
         try:
             self._swrite(data)
         except:
             try:
                 # print handles some unicode issues which may trip a plain
                 # write() call.  Attempt to emulate write() by using a
                 # trailing comma
                 print >> self.stream, data,
             except:
                 # if we get here, something is seriously broken.
                 print >> sys.stderr, \
                       'ERROR - failed to write data to stream:', self.stream
 
     def close(self):
         pass
 
 
 class IOTerm:
     """ Term holds the file or file-like objects for handling I/O operations.
 
     These are normally just sys.stdin, sys.stdout and sys.stderr but for
     Windows they can can replaced to allow editing the strings before they are
     displayed."""
 
     # In the future, having IPython channel all its I/O operations through
     # this class will make it easier to embed it into other environments which
     # are not a normal terminal (such as a GUI-based shell)
     def __init__(self,cin=None,cout=None,cerr=None):
         self.cin  = IOStream(cin,sys.stdin)
         self.cout = IOStream(cout,sys.stdout)
         self.cerr = IOStream(cerr,sys.stderr)
 
 # Global variable to be used for all I/O
 Term = IOTerm()
 
 import IPython.utils.rlineimpl as readline
 # Remake Term to use the readline i/o facilities
 if sys.platform == 'win32' and readline.have_readline:
 
     Term = IOTerm(cout=readline._outputfile,cerr=readline._outputfile)
 
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Generic warning/error printer, used by everything else
 def warn(msg,level=2,exit_val=1):
     """Standard warning printer. Gives formatting consistency.
 
     Output is sent to Term.cerr (sys.stderr by default).
 
     Options:
 
     -level(2): allows finer control:
       0 -> Do nothing, dummy function.
       1 -> Print message.
       2 -> Print 'WARNING:' + message. (Default level).
       3 -> Print 'ERROR:' + message.
       4 -> Print 'FATAL ERROR:' + message and trigger a sys.exit(exit_val).
 
     -exit_val (1): exit value returned by sys.exit() for a level 4
     warning. Ignored for all other levels."""
 
     if level>0:
         header = ['','','WARNING: ','ERROR: ','FATAL ERROR: ']
         print >> Term.cerr, '%s%s' % (header[level],msg)
         if level == 4:
             print >> Term.cerr,'Exiting.\n'
             sys.exit(exit_val)
 
 def info(msg):
     """Equivalent to warn(msg,level=1)."""
 
     warn(msg,level=1)
 
 def error(msg):
     """Equivalent to warn(msg,level=3)."""
 
     warn(msg,level=3)
 
 def fatal(msg,exit_val=1):
     """Equivalent to warn(msg,exit_val=exit_val,level=4)."""
 
     warn(msg,exit_val=exit_val,level=4)
 
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Debugging routines
 #
 def debugx(expr,pre_msg=''):
     """Print the value of an expression from the caller's frame.
 
     Takes an expression, evaluates it in the caller's frame and prints both
     the given expression and the resulting value (as well as a debug mark
     indicating the name of the calling function.  The input must be of a form
     suitable for eval().
 
     An optional message can be passed, which will be prepended to the printed
     expr->value pair."""
 
     cf = sys._getframe(1)
     print '[DBG:%s] %s%s -> %r' % (cf.f_code.co_name,pre_msg,expr,
                                    eval(expr,cf.f_globals,cf.f_locals))
 
 # deactivate it by uncommenting the following line, which makes it a no-op
 #def debugx(expr,pre_msg=''): pass
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 StringTypes = types.StringTypes
 
 # Basic timing functionality
 
 # If possible (Unix), use the resource module instead of time.clock()
 try:
     import resource
     def clocku():
         """clocku() -> floating point number
 
         Return the *USER* CPU time in seconds since the start of the process.
         This is done via a call to resource.getrusage, so it avoids the
         wraparound problems in time.clock()."""
 
         return resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF)[0]
 
     def clocks():
         """clocks() -> floating point number
 
         Return the *SYSTEM* CPU time in seconds since the start of the process.
         This is done via a call to resource.getrusage, so it avoids the
         wraparound problems in time.clock()."""
 
         return resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF)[1]
 
     def clock():
         """clock() -> floating point number
 
         Return the *TOTAL USER+SYSTEM* CPU time in seconds since the start of
         the process.  This is done via a call to resource.getrusage, so it
         avoids the wraparound problems in time.clock()."""
 
         u,s = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF)[:2]
         return u+s
 
     def clock2():
         """clock2() -> (t_user,t_system)
 
         Similar to clock(), but return a tuple of user/system times."""
         return resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF)[:2]
 
 except ImportError:
     # There is no distinction of user/system time under windows, so we just use
     # time.clock() for everything...
     clocku = clocks = clock = time.clock
     def clock2():
         """Under windows, system CPU time can't be measured.
 
         This just returns clock() and zero."""
         return time.clock(),0.0
 
 def timings_out(reps,func,*args,**kw):
     """timings_out(reps,func,*args,**kw) -> (t_total,t_per_call,output)
 
     Execute a function reps times, return a tuple with the elapsed total
     CPU time in seconds, the time per call and the function's output.
 
     Under Unix, the return value is the sum of user+system time consumed by
     the process, computed via the resource module.  This prevents problems
     related to the wraparound effect which the time.clock() function has.
 
     Under Windows the return value is in wall clock seconds. See the
     documentation for the time module for more details."""
 
     reps = int(reps)
     assert reps >=1, 'reps must be >= 1'
     if reps==1:
         start = clock()
         out = func(*args,**kw)
         tot_time = clock()-start
     else:
         rng = xrange(reps-1) # the last time is executed separately to store output
         start = clock()
         for dummy in rng: func(*args,**kw)
         out = func(*args,**kw)  # one last time
         tot_time = clock()-start
     av_time = tot_time / reps
     return tot_time,av_time,out
 
 def timings(reps,func,*args,**kw):
     """timings(reps,func,*args,**kw) -> (t_total,t_per_call)
 
     Execute a function reps times, return a tuple with the elapsed total CPU
     time in seconds and the time per call. These are just the first two values
     in timings_out()."""
 
     return timings_out(reps,func,*args,**kw)[0:2]
 
 def timing(func,*args,**kw):
     """timing(func,*args,**kw) -> t_total
 
     Execute a function once, return the elapsed total CPU time in
     seconds. This is just the first value in timings_out()."""
 
     return timings_out(1,func,*args,**kw)[0]
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # file and system
 
 def arg_split(s,posix=False):
     """Split a command line's arguments in a shell-like manner.
 
     This is a modified version of the standard library's shlex.split()
     function, but with a default of posix=False for splitting, so that quotes
     in inputs are respected."""
 
     # XXX - there may be unicode-related problems here!!!  I'm not sure that
     # shlex is truly unicode-safe, so it might be necessary to do
     #
     # s = s.encode(sys.stdin.encoding)
     #
     # first, to ensure that shlex gets a normal string.  Input from anyone who
     # knows more about unicode and shlex than I would be good to have here...
     lex = shlex.shlex(s, posix=posix)
     lex.whitespace_split = True
     return list(lex)
 
 def system(cmd,verbose=0,debug=0,header=''):
     """Execute a system command, return its exit status.
 
     Options:
 
     - verbose (0): print the command to be executed.
 
     - debug (0): only print, do not actually execute.
 
     - header (''): Header to print on screen prior to the executed command (it
     is only prepended to the command, no newlines are added).
 
     Note: a stateful version of this function is available through the
     SystemExec class."""
 
     stat = 0
     if verbose or debug: print header+cmd
     sys.stdout.flush()
     if not debug: stat = os.system(cmd)
     return stat
 
 def abbrev_cwd():
     """ Return abbreviated version of cwd, e.g. d:mydir """
     cwd = os.getcwd().replace('\\','/')
     drivepart = ''
     tail = cwd
     if sys.platform == 'win32':
         if len(cwd) < 4:
             return cwd
         drivepart,tail = os.path.splitdrive(cwd)
 
 
     parts = tail.split('/')
     if len(parts) > 2:
         tail = '/'.join(parts[-2:])
 
     return (drivepart + (
         cwd == '/' and '/' or tail))
 
 
 # This function is used by ipython in a lot of places to make system calls.
 # We need it to be slightly different under win32, due to the vagaries of
 # 'network shares'.  A win32 override is below.
 
 def shell(cmd,verbose=0,debug=0,header=''):
     """Execute a command in the system shell, always return None.
 
     Options:
 
     - verbose (0): print the command to be executed.
 
     - debug (0): only print, do not actually execute.
 
     - header (''): Header to print on screen prior to the executed command (it
     is only prepended to the command, no newlines are added).
 
     Note: this is similar to genutils.system(), but it returns None so it can
     be conveniently used in interactive loops without getting the return value
     (typically 0) printed many times."""
 
     stat = 0
     if verbose or debug: print header+cmd
     # flush stdout so we don't mangle python's buffering
     sys.stdout.flush()
 
     if not debug:
         platutils.set_term_title("IPy " + cmd)
         os.system(cmd)
         platutils.set_term_title("IPy " + abbrev_cwd())
 
 # override shell() for win32 to deal with network shares
 if os.name in ('nt','dos'):
 
     shell_ori = shell
 
     def shell(cmd,verbose=0,debug=0,header=''):
         if os.getcwd().startswith(r"\\"):
             path = os.getcwd()
             # change to c drive (cannot be on UNC-share when issuing os.system,
             # as cmd.exe cannot handle UNC addresses)
             os.chdir("c:")
             # issue pushd to the UNC-share and then run the command
             try:
                 shell_ori('"pushd %s&&"'%path+cmd,verbose,debug,header)
             finally:
                 os.chdir(path)
         else:
             shell_ori(cmd,verbose,debug,header)
 
     shell.__doc__ = shell_ori.__doc__
 
 def getoutput(cmd,verbose=0,debug=0,header='',split=0):
     """Dummy substitute for perl's backquotes.
 
     Executes a command and returns the output.
 
     Accepts the same arguments as system(), plus:
 
     - split(0): if true, the output is returned as a list split on newlines.
 
     Note: a stateful version of this function is available through the
     SystemExec class.
 
     This is pretty much deprecated and rarely used,
     genutils.getoutputerror may be what you need.
 
     """
 
     if verbose or debug: print header+cmd
     if not debug:
         output = os.popen(cmd).read()
         # stipping last \n is here for backwards compat.
         if output.endswith('\n'):
             output = output[:-1]
         if split:
             return output.split('\n')
         else:
             return output
 
 def getoutputerror(cmd,verbose=0,debug=0,header='',split=0):
     """Return (standard output,standard error) of executing cmd in a shell.
 
     Accepts the same arguments as system(), plus:
 
     - split(0): if true, each of stdout/err is returned as a list split on
     newlines.
 
     Note: a stateful version of this function is available through the
     SystemExec class."""
 
     if verbose or debug: print header+cmd
     if not cmd:
         if split:
             return [],[]
         else:
             return '',''
     if not debug:
         pin,pout,perr = os.popen3(cmd)
         tout = pout.read().rstrip()
         terr = perr.read().rstrip()
         pin.close()
         pout.close()
         perr.close()
         if split:
             return tout.split('\n'),terr.split('\n')
         else:
             return tout,terr
 
 # for compatibility with older naming conventions
 xsys = system
 bq = getoutput
 
 class SystemExec:
     """Access the system and getoutput functions through a stateful interface.
 
     Note: here we refer to the system and getoutput functions from this
     library, not the ones from the standard python library.
 
     This class offers the system and getoutput functions as methods, but the
     verbose, debug and header parameters can be set for the instance (at
     creation time or later) so that they don't need to be specified on each
     call.
 
     For efficiency reasons, there's no way to override the parameters on a
     per-call basis other than by setting instance attributes. If you need
     local overrides, it's best to directly call system() or getoutput().
 
     The following names are provided as alternate options:
      - xsys: alias to system
      - bq: alias to getoutput
 
     An instance can then be created as:
     >>> sysexec = SystemExec(verbose=1,debug=0,header='Calling: ')
     """
 
     def __init__(self,verbose=0,debug=0,header='',split=0):
         """Specify the instance's values for verbose, debug and header."""
         setattr_list(self,'verbose debug header split')
 
     def system(self,cmd):
         """Stateful interface to system(), with the same keyword parameters."""
 
         system(cmd,self.verbose,self.debug,self.header)
 
     def shell(self,cmd):
         """Stateful interface to shell(), with the same keyword parameters."""
 
         shell(cmd,self.verbose,self.debug,self.header)
 
     xsys = system  # alias
 
     def getoutput(self,cmd):
         """Stateful interface to getoutput()."""
 
         return getoutput(cmd,self.verbose,self.debug,self.header,self.split)
 
     def getoutputerror(self,cmd):
         """Stateful interface to getoutputerror()."""
 
         return getoutputerror(cmd,self.verbose,self.debug,self.header,self.split)
 
     bq = getoutput  # alias
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def mutex_opts(dict,ex_op):
     """Check for presence of mutually exclusive keys in a dict.
 
     Call: mutex_opts(dict,[[op1a,op1b],[op2a,op2b]...]"""
     for op1,op2 in ex_op:
         if op1 in dict and op2 in dict:
             raise ValueError,'\n*** ERROR in Arguments *** '\
                   'Options '+op1+' and '+op2+' are mutually exclusive.'
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def get_py_filename(name):
     """Return a valid python filename in the current directory.
 
     If the given name is not a file, it adds '.py' and searches again.
     Raises IOError with an informative message if the file isn't found."""
 
     name = os.path.expanduser(name)
     if not os.path.isfile(name) and not name.endswith('.py'):
         name += '.py'
     if os.path.isfile(name):
         return name
     else:
         raise IOError,'File `%s` not found.' % name
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 def filefind(filename, path_dirs=None):
     """Find a file by looking through a sequence of paths.
 
     This iterates through a sequence of paths looking for a file and returns
     the full, absolute path of the first occurence of the file.  If no set of
     path dirs is given, the filename is tested as is, after running through
     :func:`expandvars` and :func:`expanduser`.  Thus a simple call::
 
         filefind('myfile.txt')
 
     will find the file in the current working dir, but::
 
         filefind('~/myfile.txt')
 
     Will find the file in the users home directory.  This function does not
     automatically try any paths, such as the cwd or the user's home directory.
     
     Parameters
     ----------
     filename : str
         The filename to look for.
     path_dirs : str, None or sequence of str
         The sequence of paths to look for the file in.  If None, the filename
         need to be absolute or be in the cwd.  If a string, the string is
         put into a sequence and the searched.  If a sequence, walk through
         each element and join with ``filename``, calling :func:`expandvars`
         and :func:`expanduser` before testing for existence.
         
     Returns
     -------
     Raises :exc:`IOError` or returns absolute path to file.
     """
     if path_dirs is None:
         path_dirs = ("",)
     elif isinstance(path_dirs, basestring):
         path_dirs = (path_dirs,)
     for path in path_dirs:
         if path == '.': path = os.getcwd()
         testname = os.path.expandvars(
                        os.path.expanduser(
                            os.path.join(path, filename)))
         if os.path.isfile(testname):
             return os.path.abspath(testname)
     raise IOError("File does not exist in any "
                   "of the search paths: %r, %r" % \
                   (filename, path_dirs))
 
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def file_read(filename):
     """Read a file and close it.  Returns the file source."""
     fobj = open(filename,'r');
     source = fobj.read();
     fobj.close()
     return source
 
 def file_readlines(filename):
     """Read a file and close it.  Returns the file source using readlines()."""
     fobj = open(filename,'r');
     lines = fobj.readlines();
     fobj.close()
     return lines
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def target_outdated(target,deps):
     """Determine whether a target is out of date.
 
     target_outdated(target,deps) -> 1/0
 
     deps: list of filenames which MUST exist.
     target: single filename which may or may not exist.
 
     If target doesn't exist or is older than any file listed in deps, return
     true, otherwise return false.
     """
     try:
         target_time = os.path.getmtime(target)
     except os.error:
         return 1
     for dep in deps:
         dep_time = os.path.getmtime(dep)
         if dep_time > target_time:
             #print "For target",target,"Dep failed:",dep # dbg
             #print "times (dep,tar):",dep_time,target_time # dbg
             return 1
     return 0
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def target_update(target,deps,cmd):
     """Update a target with a given command given a list of dependencies.
 
     target_update(target,deps,cmd) -> runs cmd if target is outdated.
 
     This is just a wrapper around target_outdated() which calls the given
     command if target is outdated."""
 
     if target_outdated(target,deps):
         xsys(cmd)
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def unquote_ends(istr):
     """Remove a single pair of quotes from the endpoints of a string."""
 
     if not istr:
         return istr
     if (istr[0]=="'" and istr[-1]=="'") or \
        (istr[0]=='"' and istr[-1]=='"'):
         return istr[1:-1]
     else:
         return istr
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def flag_calls(func):
     """Wrap a function to detect and flag when it gets called.
 
     This is a decorator which takes a function and wraps it in a function with
     a 'called' attribute. wrapper.called is initialized to False.
 
     The wrapper.called attribute is set to False right before each call to the
     wrapped function, so if the call fails it remains False.  After the call
     completes, wrapper.called is set to True and the output is returned.
 
     Testing for truth in wrapper.called allows you to determine if a call to
     func() was attempted and succeeded."""
 
     def wrapper(*args,**kw):
         wrapper.called = False
         out = func(*args,**kw)
         wrapper.called = True
         return out
 
     wrapper.called = False
     wrapper.__doc__ = func.__doc__
     return wrapper
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def dhook_wrap(func,*a,**k):
     """Wrap a function call in a sys.displayhook controller.
 
     Returns a wrapper around func which calls func, with all its arguments and
     keywords unmodified, using the default sys.displayhook.  Since IPython
     modifies sys.displayhook, it breaks the behavior of certain systems that
     rely on the default behavior, notably doctest.
     """
 
     def f(*a,**k):
 
         dhook_s = sys.displayhook
         sys.displayhook = sys.__displayhook__
         try:
             out = func(*a,**k)
         finally:
             sys.displayhook = dhook_s
 
         return out
 
     f.__doc__ = func.__doc__
     return f
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def doctest_reload():
     """Properly reload doctest to reuse it interactively.
 
     This routine:
 
       - imports doctest but does NOT reload it (see below).
 
       - resets its global 'master' attribute to None, so that multiple uses of
       the module interactively don't produce cumulative reports.
 
       - Monkeypatches its core test runner method to protect it from IPython's
       modified displayhook.  Doctest expects the default displayhook behavior
       deep down, so our modification breaks it completely.  For this reason, a
       hard monkeypatch seems like a reasonable solution rather than asking
       users to manually use a different doctest runner when under IPython.
 
     Notes
     -----
 
     This function *used to* reload doctest, but this has been disabled because
     reloading doctest unconditionally can cause massive breakage of other
     doctest-dependent modules already in memory, such as those for IPython's
     own testing system.  The name wasn't changed to avoid breaking people's
     code, but the reload call isn't actually made anymore."""
 
     import doctest
     doctest.master = None
     doctest.DocTestRunner.run = dhook_wrap(doctest.DocTestRunner.run)
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class HomeDirError(Error):
     pass
 
 def get_home_dir():
     """Return the closest possible equivalent to a 'home' directory.
 
     We first try $HOME.  Absent that, on NT it's $HOMEDRIVE\$HOMEPATH.
 
     Currently only Posix and NT are implemented, a HomeDirError exception is
     raised for all other OSes. """
 
     isdir = os.path.isdir
     env = os.environ
 
     # first, check py2exe distribution root directory for _ipython.
     # This overrides all. Normally does not exist.
 
     if hasattr(sys, "frozen"): #Is frozen by py2exe
         if '\\library.zip\\' in IPython.__file__.lower():#libraries compressed to zip-file
             root, rest = IPython.__file__.lower().split('library.zip')
         else: 
             root=os.path.join(os.path.split(IPython.__file__)[0],"../../")
         root=os.path.abspath(root).rstrip('\\')
         if isdir(os.path.join(root, '_ipython')):
             os.environ["IPYKITROOT"] = root
-        return root
+        return root.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
     try:
         homedir = env['HOME']
         if not isdir(homedir):
             # in case a user stuck some string which does NOT resolve to a
             # valid path, it's as good as if we hadn't foud it
             raise KeyError
-        return homedir
+        return homedir.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
     except KeyError:
         if os.name == 'posix':
             raise HomeDirError,'undefined $HOME, IPython can not proceed.'
         elif os.name == 'nt':
             # For some strange reason, win9x returns 'nt' for os.name.
             try:
                 homedir = os.path.join(env['HOMEDRIVE'],env['HOMEPATH'])
                 if not isdir(homedir):
                     homedir = os.path.join(env['USERPROFILE'])
                     if not isdir(homedir):
                         raise HomeDirError
-                return homedir
+                return homedir.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
             except KeyError:
                 try:
                     # Use the registry to get the 'My Documents' folder.
                     import _winreg as wreg
                     key = wreg.OpenKey(wreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
                                        "Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders")
                     homedir = wreg.QueryValueEx(key,'Personal')[0]
                     key.Close()
                     if not isdir(homedir):
                         e = ('Invalid "Personal" folder registry key '
                              'typically "My Documents".\n'
                              'Value: %s\n'
                              'This is not a valid directory on your system.' %
                              homedir)
                         raise HomeDirError(e)
-                    return homedir
+                    return homedir.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
                 except HomeDirError:
                     raise
                 except:
-                    return 'C:\\'
+                    return 'C:\\'.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
         elif os.name == 'dos':
             # Desperate, may do absurd things in classic MacOS. May work under DOS.
-            return 'C:\\'
+            return 'C:\\'.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
         else:
             raise HomeDirError,'support for your operating system not implemented.'
 
 
 def get_ipython_dir():
     """Get the IPython directory for this platform and user.
     
     This uses the logic in `get_home_dir` to find the home directory
     and the adds .ipython to the end of the path.
     """
     ipdir_def = '.ipython'
     home_dir = get_home_dir()
     ipdir = os.path.abspath(os.environ.get('IPYTHONDIR',
                                            os.path.join(home_dir, ipdir_def)))
     return ipdir.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
 
-def get_security_dir():
-    """Get the IPython security directory.
-    
-    This directory is the default location for all security related files,
-    including SSL/TLS certificates and FURL files.
-    
-    If the directory does not exist, it is created with 0700 permissions.
-    If it exists, permissions are set to 0700.
-    """
-    security_dir = os.path.join(get_ipython_dir(), 'security')
-    if not os.path.isdir(security_dir):
-        os.mkdir(security_dir, 0700)
-    else:
-        os.chmod(security_dir, 0700)
-    return security_dir
-
-def get_log_dir():
-    """Get the IPython log directory.
-    
-    If the log directory does not exist, it is created.
-    """
-    log_dir = os.path.join(get_ipython_dir(), 'log')
-    if not os.path.isdir(log_dir):
-        os.mkdir(log_dir, 0777)
-    return log_dir
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # strings and text
 
 class LSString(str):
     """String derivative with a special access attributes.
 
     These are normal strings, but with the special attributes:
 
         .l (or .list) : value as list (split on newlines).
         .n (or .nlstr): original value (the string itself).
         .s (or .spstr): value as whitespace-separated string.
         .p (or .paths): list of path objects
 
     Any values which require transformations are computed only once and
     cached.
 
     Such strings are very useful to efficiently interact with the shell, which
     typically only understands whitespace-separated options for commands."""
 
     def get_list(self):
         try:
             return self.__list
         except AttributeError:
             self.__list = self.split('\n')
             return self.__list
 
     l = list = property(get_list)
 
     def get_spstr(self):
         try:
             return self.__spstr
         except AttributeError:
             self.__spstr = self.replace('\n',' ')
             return self.__spstr
 
     s = spstr = property(get_spstr)
 
     def get_nlstr(self):
         return self
 
     n = nlstr = property(get_nlstr)
 
     def get_paths(self):
         try:
             return self.__paths
         except AttributeError:
             self.__paths = [path(p) for p in self.split('\n') if os.path.exists(p)]
             return self.__paths
 
     p = paths = property(get_paths)
 
 def print_lsstring(arg):
     """ Prettier (non-repr-like) and more informative printer for LSString """
     print "LSString (.p, .n, .l, .s available). Value:"
     print arg
 
 print_lsstring = result_display.when_type(LSString)(print_lsstring)
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class SList(list):
     """List derivative with a special access attributes.
 
     These are normal lists, but with the special attributes:
 
         .l (or .list) : value as list (the list itself).
         .n (or .nlstr): value as a string, joined on newlines.
         .s (or .spstr): value as a string, joined on spaces.
         .p (or .paths): list of path objects
 
     Any values which require transformations are computed only once and
     cached."""
 
     def get_list(self):
         return self
 
     l = list = property(get_list)
 
     def get_spstr(self):
         try:
             return self.__spstr
         except AttributeError:
             self.__spstr = ' '.join(self)
             return self.__spstr
 
     s = spstr = property(get_spstr)
 
     def get_nlstr(self):
         try:
             return self.__nlstr
         except AttributeError:
             self.__nlstr = '\n'.join(self)
             return self.__nlstr
 
     n = nlstr = property(get_nlstr)
 
     def get_paths(self):
         try:
             return self.__paths
         except AttributeError:
             self.__paths = [path(p) for p in self if os.path.exists(p)]
             return self.__paths
 
     p = paths = property(get_paths)
 
     def grep(self, pattern, prune = False, field = None):
         """ Return all strings matching 'pattern' (a regex or callable)
 
         This is case-insensitive. If prune is true, return all items
         NOT matching the pattern.
 
         If field is specified, the match must occur in the specified
         whitespace-separated field.
 
         Examples::
 
             a.grep( lambda x: x.startswith('C') )
             a.grep('Cha.*log', prune=1)
             a.grep('chm', field=-1)
         """
 
         def match_target(s):
             if field is None:
                 return s
             parts = s.split()
             try:
                 tgt = parts[field]
                 return tgt
             except IndexError:
                 return ""
 
         if isinstance(pattern, basestring):
             pred = lambda x : re.search(pattern, x, re.IGNORECASE)
         else:
             pred = pattern
         if not prune:
             return SList([el for el in self if pred(match_target(el))])
         else:
             return SList([el for el in self if not pred(match_target(el))])
     def fields(self, *fields):
         """ Collect whitespace-separated fields from string list
 
         Allows quick awk-like usage of string lists.
 
         Example data (in var a, created by 'a = !ls -l')::
             -rwxrwxrwx  1 ville None      18 Dec 14  2006 ChangeLog
             drwxrwxrwx+ 6 ville None       0 Oct 24 18:05 IPython
 
         a.fields(0) is ['-rwxrwxrwx', 'drwxrwxrwx+']
         a.fields(1,0) is ['1 -rwxrwxrwx', '6 drwxrwxrwx+']
         (note the joining by space).
         a.fields(-1) is ['ChangeLog', 'IPython']
 
         IndexErrors are ignored.
 
         Without args, fields() just split()'s the strings.
         """
         if len(fields) == 0:
             return [el.split() for el in self]
 
         res = SList()
         for el in [f.split() for f in self]:
             lineparts = []
 
             for fd in fields:
                 try:
                     lineparts.append(el[fd])
                 except IndexError:
                     pass
             if lineparts:
                 res.append(" ".join(lineparts))
 
         return res
     def sort(self,field= None,  nums = False):
         """ sort by specified fields (see fields())
 
         Example::
             a.sort(1, nums = True)
 
         Sorts a by second field, in numerical order (so that 21 > 3)
 
         """
 
         #decorate, sort, undecorate
         if field is not None:
             dsu = [[SList([line]).fields(field),  line] for line in self]
         else:
             dsu = [[line,  line] for line in self]
         if nums:
             for i in range(len(dsu)):
                 numstr = "".join([ch for ch in dsu[i][0] if ch.isdigit()])
                 try:
                     n = int(numstr)
                 except ValueError:
                     n = 0;
                 dsu[i][0] = n
 
 
         dsu.sort()
         return SList([t[1] for t in dsu])
 
 def print_slist(arg):
     """ Prettier (non-repr-like) and more informative printer for SList """
     print "SList (.p, .n, .l, .s, .grep(), .fields(), sort() available):"
     if hasattr(arg,  'hideonce') and arg.hideonce:
         arg.hideonce = False
         return
 
     nlprint(arg)
 
 print_slist = result_display.when_type(SList)(print_slist)
 
 
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def esc_quotes(strng):
     """Return the input string with single and double quotes escaped out"""
 
     return strng.replace('"','\\"').replace("'","\\'")
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def make_quoted_expr(s):
     """Return string s in appropriate quotes, using raw string if possible.
 
     XXX - example removed because it caused encoding errors in documentation
     generation.  We need a new example that doesn't contain invalid chars.
 
     Note the use of raw string and padding at the end to allow trailing
     backslash.
     """
 
     tail = ''
     tailpadding = ''
     raw  = ''
     if "\\" in s:
         raw = 'r'
         if s.endswith('\\'):
             tail = '[:-1]'
             tailpadding = '_'
     if '"' not in s:
         quote = '"'
     elif "'" not in s:
         quote = "'"
     elif '"""' not in s and not s.endswith('"'):
         quote = '"""'
     elif "'''" not in s and not s.endswith("'"):
         quote = "'''"
     else:
         # give up, backslash-escaped string will do
         return '"%s"' % esc_quotes(s)
     res = raw + quote + s + tailpadding + quote + tail
     return res
 
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def raw_input_multi(header='', ps1='==> ', ps2='..> ',terminate_str = '.'):
     """Take multiple lines of input.
 
     A list with each line of input as a separate element is returned when a
     termination string is entered (defaults to a single '.'). Input can also
     terminate via EOF (^D in Unix, ^Z-RET in Windows).
 
     Lines of input which end in \\ are joined into single entries (and a
     secondary continuation prompt is issued as long as the user terminates
     lines with \\). This allows entering very long strings which are still
     meant to be treated as single entities.
     """
 
     try:
         if header:
             header += '\n'
         lines = [raw_input(header + ps1)]
     except EOFError:
         return []
     terminate = [terminate_str]
     try:
         while lines[-1:] != terminate:
             new_line = raw_input(ps1)
             while new_line.endswith('\\'):
                 new_line = new_line[:-1] + raw_input(ps2)
             lines.append(new_line)
 
         return lines[:-1]  # don't return the termination command
     except EOFError:
         print
         return lines
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def raw_input_ext(prompt='',  ps2='... '):
     """Similar to raw_input(), but accepts extended lines if input ends with \\."""
 
     line = raw_input(prompt)
     while line.endswith('\\'):
         line = line[:-1] + raw_input(ps2)
     return line
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def ask_yes_no(prompt,default=None):
     """Asks a question and returns a boolean (y/n) answer.
 
     If default is given (one of 'y','n'), it is used if the user input is
     empty. Otherwise the question is repeated until an answer is given.
 
     An EOF is treated as the default answer.  If there is no default, an
     exception is raised to prevent infinite loops.
 
     Valid answers are: y/yes/n/no (match is not case sensitive)."""
 
     answers = {'y':True,'n':False,'yes':True,'no':False}
     ans = None
     while ans not in answers.keys():
         try:
             ans = raw_input(prompt+' ').lower()
             if not ans:  # response was an empty string
                 ans = default
         except KeyboardInterrupt:
             pass
         except EOFError:
             if default in answers.keys():
                 ans = default
                 print
             else:
                 raise
 
     return answers[ans]
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class EvalDict:
     """
     Emulate a dict which evaluates its contents in the caller's frame.
 
     Usage:
     >>> number = 19
 
     >>> text = "python"
 
     >>> print "%(text.capitalize())s %(number/9.0).1f rules!" % EvalDict()
     Python 2.1 rules!
     """
 
     # This version is due to [e-mail] on c.l.py, and is basically a
     # modified (shorter) version of:
     # http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/66018 by
     # Skip Montanaro ([e-mail]).
 
     def __getitem__(self, name):
         frame = sys._getframe(1)
         return eval(name, frame.f_globals, frame.f_locals)
 
 EvalString = EvalDict  # for backwards compatibility
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def qw(words,flat=0,sep=None,maxsplit=-1):
     """Similar to Perl's qw() operator, but with some more options.
 
     qw(words,flat=0,sep=' ',maxsplit=-1) -> words.split(sep,maxsplit)
 
     words can also be a list itself, and with flat=1, the output will be
     recursively flattened.
 
     Examples:
 
     >>> qw('1 2')
     ['1', '2']
 
     >>> qw(['a b','1 2',['m n','p q']])
     [['a', 'b'], ['1', '2'], [['m', 'n'], ['p', 'q']]]
 
     >>> qw(['a b','1 2',['m n','p q']],flat=1)
     ['a', 'b', '1', '2', 'm', 'n', 'p', 'q']
     """
 
     if type(words) in StringTypes:
         return [word.strip() for word in words.split(sep,maxsplit)
                 if word and not word.isspace() ]
     if flat:
         return flatten(map(qw,words,[1]*len(words)))
     return map(qw,words)
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def qwflat(words,sep=None,maxsplit=-1):
     """Calls qw(words) in flat mode. It's just a convenient shorthand."""
     return qw(words,1,sep,maxsplit)
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def qw_lol(indata):
     """qw_lol('a b') -> [['a','b']],
     otherwise it's just a call to qw().
 
     We need this to make sure the modules_some keys *always* end up as a
     list of lists."""
 
     if type(indata) in StringTypes:
         return [qw(indata)]
     else:
         return qw(indata)
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def grep(pat,list,case=1):
     """Simple minded grep-like function.
     grep(pat,list) returns occurrences of pat in list, None on failure.
 
     It only does simple string matching, with no support for regexps. Use the
     option case=0 for case-insensitive matching."""
 
     # This is pretty crude. At least it should implement copying only references
     # to the original data in case it's big. Now it copies the data for output.
     out=[]
     if case:
         for term in list:
             if term.find(pat)>-1: out.append(term)
     else:
         lpat=pat.lower()
         for term in list:
             if term.lower().find(lpat)>-1: out.append(term)
 
     if len(out): return out
     else: return None
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def dgrep(pat,*opts):
     """Return grep() on dir()+dir(__builtins__).
 
     A very common use of grep() when working interactively."""
 
     return grep(pat,dir(__main__)+dir(__main__.__builtins__),*opts)
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def idgrep(pat):
     """Case-insensitive dgrep()"""
 
     return dgrep(pat,0)
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def igrep(pat,list):
     """Synonym for case-insensitive grep."""
 
     return grep(pat,list,case=0)
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def indent(str,nspaces=4,ntabs=0):
     """Indent a string a given number of spaces or tabstops.
 
     indent(str,nspaces=4,ntabs=0) -> indent str by ntabs+nspaces.
     """
     if str is None:
         return
     ind = '\t'*ntabs+' '*nspaces
     outstr = '%s%s' % (ind,str.replace(os.linesep,os.linesep+ind))
     if outstr.endswith(os.linesep+ind):
         return outstr[:-len(ind)]
     else:
         return outstr
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def native_line_ends(filename,backup=1):
     """Convert (in-place) a file to line-ends native to the current OS.
 
     If the optional backup argument is given as false, no backup of the
     original file is left.  """
 
     backup_suffixes = {'posix':'~','dos':'.bak','nt':'.bak','mac':'.bak'}
 
     bak_filename = filename + backup_suffixes[os.name]
 
     original = open(filename).read()
     shutil.copy2(filename,bak_filename)
     try:
         new = open(filename,'wb')
         new.write(os.linesep.join(original.splitlines()))
         new.write(os.linesep) # ALWAYS put an eol at the end of the file
         new.close()
     except:
         os.rename(bak_filename,filename)
     if not backup:
         try:
             os.remove(bak_filename)
         except:
             pass
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # lists, dicts and structures
 
 def belong(candidates,checklist):
     """Check whether a list of items appear in a given list of options.
 
     Returns a list of 1 and 0, one for each candidate given."""
 
     return [x in checklist for x in candidates]
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def uniq_stable(elems):
     """uniq_stable(elems) -> list
 
     Return from an iterable, a list of all the unique elements in the input,
     but maintaining the order in which they first appear.
 
     A naive solution to this problem which just makes a dictionary with the
     elements as keys fails to respect the stability condition, since
     dictionaries are unsorted by nature.
 
     Note: All elements in the input must be valid dictionary keys for this
     routine to work, as it internally uses a dictionary for efficiency
     reasons."""
 
     unique = []
     unique_dict = {}
     for nn in elems:
         if nn not in unique_dict:
             unique.append(nn)
             unique_dict[nn] = None
     return unique
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class NLprinter:
     """Print an arbitrarily nested list, indicating index numbers.
 
     An instance of this class called nlprint is available and callable as a
     function.
 
     nlprint(list,indent=' ',sep=': ') -> prints indenting each level by 'indent'
     and using 'sep' to separate the index from the value. """
 
     def __init__(self):
         self.depth = 0
 
     def __call__(self,lst,pos='',**kw):
         """Prints the nested list numbering levels."""
         kw.setdefault('indent',' ')
         kw.setdefault('sep',': ')
         kw.setdefault('start',0)
         kw.setdefault('stop',len(lst))
         # we need to remove start and stop from kw so they don't propagate
         # into a recursive call for a nested list.
         start = kw['start']; del kw['start']
         stop = kw['stop']; del kw['stop']
         if self.depth == 0 and 'header' in kw.keys():
             print kw['header']
 
         for idx in range(start,stop):
             elem = lst[idx]
             if type(elem)==type([]):
                 self.depth += 1
                 self.__call__(elem,itpl('$pos$idx,'),**kw)
                 self.depth -= 1
             else:
                 printpl(kw['indent']*self.depth+'$pos$idx$kw["sep"]$elem')
 
 nlprint = NLprinter()
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def all_belong(candidates,checklist):
     """Check whether a list of items ALL appear in a given list of options.
 
     Returns a single 1 or 0 value."""
 
     return 1-(0 in [x in checklist for x in candidates])
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def sort_compare(lst1,lst2,inplace = 1):
     """Sort and compare two lists.
 
     By default it does it in place, thus modifying the lists. Use inplace = 0
     to avoid that (at the cost of temporary copy creation)."""
     if not inplace:
         lst1 = lst1[:]
         lst2 = lst2[:]
     lst1.sort(); lst2.sort()
     return lst1 == lst2
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def list2dict(lst):
     """Takes a list of (key,value) pairs and turns it into a dict."""
 
     dic = {}
     for k,v in lst: dic[k] = v
     return dic
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def list2dict2(lst,default=''):
     """Takes a list and turns it into a dict.
     Much slower than list2dict, but more versatile. This version can take
     lists with sublists of arbitrary length (including sclars)."""
 
     dic = {}
     for elem in lst:
         if type(elem) in (types.ListType,types.TupleType):
             size = len(elem)
             if  size == 0:
                 pass
             elif size == 1:
                 dic[elem] = default
             else:
                 k,v = elem[0], elem[1:]
                 if len(v) == 1: v = v[0]
                 dic[k] = v
         else:
             dic[elem] = default
     return dic
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def flatten(seq):
     """Flatten a list of lists (NOT recursive, only works for 2d lists)."""
 
     return [x for subseq in seq for x in subseq]
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def get_slice(seq,start=0,stop=None,step=1):
     """Get a slice of a sequence with variable step. Specify start,stop,step."""
     if stop == None:
         stop = len(seq)
     item = lambda i: seq[i]
     return map(item,xrange(start,stop,step))
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def chop(seq,size):
     """Chop a sequence into chunks of the given size."""
     chunk = lambda i: seq[i:i+size]
     return map(chunk,xrange(0,len(seq),size))
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # with is a keyword as of python 2.5, so this function is renamed to withobj
 # from its old 'with' name.
 def with_obj(object, **args):
     """Set multiple attributes for an object, similar to Pascal's with.
 
     Example:
     with_obj(jim,
              born = 1960,
              haircolour = 'Brown',
              eyecolour = 'Green')
 
     Credit: Greg Ewing, in
     http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2001-May/040703.html.
 
     NOTE: up until IPython 0.7.2, this was called simply 'with', but 'with'
     has become a keyword for Python 2.5, so we had to rename it."""
 
     object.__dict__.update(args)
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def setattr_list(obj,alist,nspace = None):
     """Set a list of attributes for an object taken from a namespace.
 
     setattr_list(obj,alist,nspace) -> sets in obj all the attributes listed in
     alist with their values taken from nspace, which must be a dict (something
     like locals() will often do) If nspace isn't given, locals() of the
     *caller* is used, so in most cases you can omit it.
 
     Note that alist can be given as a string, which will be automatically
     split into a list on whitespace. If given as a list, it must be a list of
     *strings* (the variable names themselves), not of variables."""
 
     # this grabs the local variables from the *previous* call frame -- that is
     # the locals from the function that called setattr_list().
     # - snipped from weave.inline()
     if nspace is None:
         call_frame = sys._getframe().f_back
         nspace = call_frame.f_locals
 
     if type(alist) in StringTypes:
         alist = alist.split()
     for attr in alist:
         val = eval(attr,nspace)
         setattr(obj,attr,val)
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def getattr_list(obj,alist,*args):
     """getattr_list(obj,alist[, default]) -> attribute list.
 
     Get a list of named attributes for an object. When a default argument is
     given, it is returned when the attribute doesn't exist; without it, an
     exception is raised in that case.
 
     Note that alist can be given as a string, which will be automatically
     split into a list on whitespace. If given as a list, it must be a list of
     *strings* (the variable names themselves), not of variables."""
 
     if type(alist) in StringTypes:
         alist = alist.split()
     if args:
         if len(args)==1:
             default = args[0]
             return map(lambda attr: getattr(obj,attr,default),alist)
         else:
             raise ValueError,'getattr_list() takes only one optional argument'
     else:
         return map(lambda attr: getattr(obj,attr),alist)
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def map_method(method,object_list,*argseq,**kw):
     """map_method(method,object_list,*args,**kw) -> list
 
     Return a list of the results of applying the methods to the items of the
     argument sequence(s).  If more than one sequence is given, the method is
     called with an argument list consisting of the corresponding item of each
     sequence. All sequences must be of the same length.
 
     Keyword arguments are passed verbatim to all objects called.
 
     This is Python code, so it's not nearly as fast as the builtin map()."""
 
     out_list = []
     idx = 0
     for object in object_list:
         try:
             handler = getattr(object, method)
         except AttributeError:
             out_list.append(None)
         else:
             if argseq:
                 args = map(lambda lst:lst[idx],argseq)
                 #print 'ob',object,'hand',handler,'ar',args # dbg
                 out_list.append(handler(args,**kw))
             else:
                 out_list.append(handler(**kw))
         idx += 1
     return out_list
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def get_class_members(cls):
     ret = dir(cls)
     if hasattr(cls,'__bases__'):
         for base in cls.__bases__:
             ret.extend(get_class_members(base))
     return ret
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def dir2(obj):
     """dir2(obj) -> list of strings
 
     Extended version of the Python builtin dir(), which does a few extra
     checks, and supports common objects with unusual internals that confuse
     dir(), such as Traits and PyCrust.
 
     This version is guaranteed to return only a list of true strings, whereas
     dir() returns anything that objects inject into themselves, even if they
     are later not really valid for attribute access (many extension libraries
     have such bugs).
     """
 
     # Start building the attribute list via dir(), and then complete it
     # with a few extra special-purpose calls.
     words = dir(obj)
 
     if hasattr(obj,'__class__'):
         words.append('__class__')
         words.extend(get_class_members(obj.__class__))
     #if '__base__' in words: 1/0
 
     # Some libraries (such as traits) may introduce duplicates, we want to
     # track and clean this up if it happens
     may_have_dupes = False
 
     # this is the 'dir' function for objects with Enthought's traits
     if hasattr(obj, 'trait_names'):
         try:
             words.extend(obj.trait_names())
             may_have_dupes = True
         except TypeError:
             # This will happen if `obj` is a class and not an instance.
             pass
 
     # Support for PyCrust-style _getAttributeNames magic method.
     if hasattr(obj, '_getAttributeNames'):
         try:
             words.extend(obj._getAttributeNames())
             may_have_dupes = True
         except TypeError:
             # `obj` is a class and not an instance.  Ignore
             # this error.
             pass
 
     if may_have_dupes:
         # eliminate possible duplicates, as some traits may also
         # appear as normal attributes in the dir() call.
         words = list(set(words))
         words.sort()
 
     # filter out non-string attributes which may be stuffed by dir() calls
     # and poor coding in third-party modules
     return [w for w in words if isinstance(w, basestring)]
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def import_fail_info(mod_name,fns=None):
     """Inform load failure for a module."""
 
     if fns == None:
         warn("Loading of %s failed.\n" % (mod_name,))
     else:
         warn("Loading of %s from %s failed.\n" % (fns,mod_name))
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Proposed popitem() extension, written as a method
 
 
 class NotGiven: pass
 
 def popkey(dct,key,default=NotGiven):
     """Return dct[key] and delete dct[key].
 
     If default is given, return it if dct[key] doesn't exist, otherwise raise
     KeyError.  """
 
     try:
         val = dct[key]
     except KeyError:
         if default is NotGiven:
             raise
         else:
             return default
     else:
         del dct[key]
         return val
 
 def wrap_deprecated(func, suggest = '<nothing>'):
     def newFunc(*args, **kwargs):
         warnings.warn("Call to deprecated function %s, use %s instead" %
                       ( func.__name__, suggest),
                       category=DeprecationWarning,
                       stacklevel = 2)
         return func(*args, **kwargs)
     return newFunc
 
 
 def _num_cpus_unix():
     """Return the number of active CPUs on a Unix system."""
     return os.sysconf("SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN")
 
 
 def _num_cpus_darwin():
     """Return the number of active CPUs on a Darwin system."""
     p = subprocess.Popen(['sysctl','-n','hw.ncpu'],stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
     return p.stdout.read()
 
 
 def _num_cpus_windows():
     """Return the number of active CPUs on a Windows system."""
     return os.environ.get("NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS")
 
 
 def num_cpus():
    """Return the effective number of CPUs in the system as an integer.
 
    This cross-platform function makes an attempt at finding the total number of
    available CPUs in the system, as returned by various underlying system and
    python calls.
 
    If it can't find a sensible answer, it returns 1 (though an error *may* make
    it return a large positive number that's actually incorrect).
    """
 
    # Many thanks to the Parallel Python project (http://www.parallelpython.com)
    # for the names of the keys we needed to look up for this function.  This
    # code was inspired by their equivalent function.
 
    ncpufuncs = {'Linux':_num_cpus_unix,
                 'Darwin':_num_cpus_darwin,
                 'Windows':_num_cpus_windows,
                 # On Vista, python < 2.5.2 has a bug and returns 'Microsoft'
                 # See http://bugs.python.org/issue1082 for details.
                 'Microsoft':_num_cpus_windows,
                 }
 
    ncpufunc = ncpufuncs.get(platform.system(),
                             # default to unix version (Solaris, AIX, etc)
                             _num_cpus_unix)
 
    try:
        ncpus = max(1,int(ncpufunc()))
    except:
        ncpus = 1
    return ncpus
 
 def extract_vars(*names,**kw):
     """Extract a set of variables by name from another frame.
 
     :Parameters:
       - `*names`: strings
         One or more variable names which will be extracted from the caller's
     frame.
 
     :Keywords:
       - `depth`: integer (0)
         How many frames in the stack to walk when looking for your variables.
 
 
     Examples:
 
         In [2]: def func(x):
            ...:     y = 1
            ...:     print extract_vars('x','y')
            ...:
 
         In [3]: func('hello')
         {'y': 1, 'x': 'hello'}
     """
 
     depth = kw.get('depth',0)
     
     callerNS = sys._getframe(depth+1).f_locals
     return dict((k,callerNS[k]) for k in names)
     
 
 def extract_vars_above(*names):
     """Extract a set of variables by name from another frame.
 
     Similar to extractVars(), but with a specified depth of 1, so that names
     are exctracted exactly from above the caller.
 
     This is simply a convenience function so that the very common case (for us)
     of skipping exactly 1 frame doesn't have to construct a special dict for
     keyword passing."""
 
     callerNS = sys._getframe(2).f_locals
     return dict((k,callerNS[k]) for k in names)
 
 def shexp(s):
     """Expand $VARS and ~names in a string, like a shell
 
     :Examples:
     
        In [2]: os.environ['FOO']='test'
 
        In [3]: shexp('variable FOO is $FOO')
        Out[3]: 'variable FOO is test'
     """
     return os.path.expandvars(os.path.expanduser(s))
     
 
 def list_strings(arg):
     """Always return a list of strings, given a string or list of strings
     as input.
 
     :Examples:
 
         In [7]: list_strings('A single string')
         Out[7]: ['A single string']
 
         In [8]: list_strings(['A single string in a list'])
         Out[8]: ['A single string in a list']
 
         In [9]: list_strings(['A','list','of','strings'])
         Out[9]: ['A', 'list', 'of', 'strings']
     """
 
     if isinstance(arg,basestring): return [arg]
     else: return arg
 
 
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def marquee(txt='',width=78,mark='*'):
     """Return the input string centered in a 'marquee'.
 
     :Examples:
 
         In [16]: marquee('A test',40)
         Out[16]: '**************** A test ****************'
 
         In [17]: marquee('A test',40,'-')
         Out[17]: '---------------- A test ----------------'
 
         In [18]: marquee('A test',40,' ')
         Out[18]: '                 A test                 '
 
     """
     if not txt:
         return (mark*width)[:width]
     nmark = (width-len(txt)-2)/len(mark)/2
     if nmark < 0: nmark =0
     marks = mark*nmark
     return '%s %s %s' % (marks,txt,marks)
 
 #*************************** end of file <genutils.py> **********************