Disable typecheck for namespaces to be dicts.

This will allow more sophisticated objects to be used as namespaces,
which can provide custom behavior.

IPython/completer.py

@@ -1,644 +1,637 b''
 """Word completion for IPython.
 
 This module is a fork of the rlcompleter module in the Python standard
 library.  The original enhancements made to rlcompleter have been sent
 upstream and were accepted as of Python 2.3, but we need a lot more
 functionality specific to IPython, so this module will continue to live as an
 IPython-specific utility.
 
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Original rlcompleter documentation:
 
 This requires the latest extension to the readline module (the
 completes keywords, built-ins and globals in __main__; when completing
 NAME.NAME..., it evaluates (!) the expression up to the last dot and
 completes its attributes.
 
 It's very cool to do "import string" type "string.", hit the
 completion key (twice), and see the list of names defined by the
 string module!
 
 Tip: to use the tab key as the completion key, call
 
     readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
 
 Notes:
 
 - Exceptions raised by the completer function are *ignored* (and
 generally cause the completion to fail).  This is a feature -- since
 readline sets the tty device in raw (or cbreak) mode, printing a
 traceback wouldn't work well without some complicated hoopla to save,
 reset and restore the tty state.
 
 - The evaluation of the NAME.NAME... form may cause arbitrary
 application defined code to be executed if an object with a
 __getattr__ hook is found.  Since it is the responsibility of the
 application (or the user) to enable this feature, I consider this an
 acceptable risk.  More complicated expressions (e.g. function calls or
 indexing operations) are *not* evaluated.
 
 - GNU readline is also used by the built-in functions input() and
 raw_input(), and thus these also benefit/suffer from the completer
 features.  Clearly an interactive application can benefit by
 specifying its own completer function and using raw_input() for all
 its input.
 
 - When the original stdin is not a tty device, GNU readline is never
 used, and this module (and the readline module) are silently inactive.
 
 """
 
 #*****************************************************************************
 #
 # Since this file is essentially a minimally modified copy of the rlcompleter
 # module which is part of the standard Python distribution, I assume that the
 # proper procedure is to maintain its copyright as belonging to the Python
 # Software Foundation (in addition to my own, for all new code).
 #
 #       Copyright (C) 2001 Python Software Foundation, www.python.org
 #       Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Fernando Perez. <[e-mail]>
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #
 #*****************************************************************************
 
 import __builtin__
 import __main__
 import glob
 import keyword
 import os
 import re
 import shlex
 import sys
 import IPython.rlineimpl as readline    
 import itertools
 from IPython.ipstruct import Struct
 from IPython import ipapi
 from IPython import generics
 import types
 
 # Python 2.4 offers sets as a builtin
 try:
     set()
 except NameError:
     from sets import Set as set
 
 from IPython.genutils import debugx, dir2
 
 __all__ = ['Completer','IPCompleter']
 
 class Completer:
     def __init__(self,namespace=None,global_namespace=None):
         """Create a new completer for the command line.
 
         Completer([namespace,global_namespace]) -> completer instance.
 
         If unspecified, the default namespace where completions are performed
         is __main__ (technically, __main__.__dict__). Namespaces should be
         given as dictionaries.
 
         An optional second namespace can be given.  This allows the completer
         to handle cases where both the local and global scopes need to be
         distinguished.
 
         Completer instances should be used as the completion mechanism of
         readline via the set_completer() call:
 
         readline.set_completer(Completer(my_namespace).complete)
         """
 
-        # some minimal strict typechecks.  For some core data structures, I
-        # want actual basic python types, not just anything that looks like
-        # one.  This is especially true for namespaces.
-        for ns in (namespace,global_namespace):
-            if ns is not None and type(ns) != types.DictType:
-                raise TypeError,'namespace must be a dictionary'
-
         # Don't bind to namespace quite yet, but flag whether the user wants a
         # specific namespace or to use __main__.__dict__. This will allow us
         # to bind to __main__.__dict__ at completion time, not now.
         if namespace is None:
             self.use_main_ns = 1
         else:
             self.use_main_ns = 0
             self.namespace = namespace
 
         # The global namespace, if given, can be bound directly
         if global_namespace is None:
             self.global_namespace = {}
         else:
             self.global_namespace = global_namespace
 
     def complete(self, text, state):
         """Return the next possible completion for 'text'.
 
         This is called successively with state == 0, 1, 2, ... until it
         returns None.  The completion should begin with 'text'.
 
         """
         if self.use_main_ns:
             self.namespace = __main__.__dict__
             
         if state == 0:
             if "." in text:
                 self.matches = self.attr_matches(text)
             else:
                 self.matches = self.global_matches(text)
         try:
             return self.matches[state]
         except IndexError:
             return None
 
     def global_matches(self, text):
         """Compute matches when text is a simple name.
 
         Return a list of all keywords, built-in functions and names currently
         defined in self.namespace or self.global_namespace that match.
 
         """
         matches = []
         match_append = matches.append
         n = len(text)
         for lst in [keyword.kwlist,
                     __builtin__.__dict__.keys(),
                     self.namespace.keys(),
                     self.global_namespace.keys()]:
             for word in lst:
                 if word[:n] == text and word != "__builtins__":
                     match_append(word)
         return matches
 
     def attr_matches(self, text):
         """Compute matches when text contains a dot.
 
         Assuming the text is of the form NAME.NAME....[NAME], and is
         evaluatable in self.namespace or self.global_namespace, it will be
         evaluated and its attributes (as revealed by dir()) are used as
         possible completions.  (For class instances, class members are are
         also considered.)
 
         WARNING: this can still invoke arbitrary C code, if an object
         with a __getattr__ hook is evaluated.
 
         """
         import re
 
         # Another option, seems to work great. Catches things like ''.<tab>
         m = re.match(r"(\S+(\.\w+)*)\.(\w*)$", text)
 
         if not m:
             return []
         
         expr, attr = m.group(1, 3)
         try:
             obj = eval(expr, self.namespace)
         except:
             try:
                 obj = eval(expr, self.global_namespace)
             except:
                 return []
 
         words = dir2(obj)
         
         try:
             words = generics.complete_object(obj, words)
         except ipapi.TryNext:
             pass
         # Build match list to return
         n = len(attr)
         res = ["%s.%s" % (expr, w) for w in words if w[:n] == attr ]
         return res
 
 class IPCompleter(Completer):
     """Extension of the completer class with IPython-specific features"""
 
     def __init__(self,shell,namespace=None,global_namespace=None,
                  omit__names=0,alias_table=None):
         """IPCompleter() -> completer
 
         Return a completer object suitable for use by the readline library
         via readline.set_completer().
 
         Inputs:
 
         - shell: a pointer to the ipython shell itself.  This is needed
         because this completer knows about magic functions, and those can
         only be accessed via the ipython instance.
 
         - namespace: an optional dict where completions are performed.
 
         - global_namespace: secondary optional dict for completions, to
         handle cases (such as IPython embedded inside functions) where
         both Python scopes are visible.
 
         - The optional omit__names parameter sets the completer to omit the
         'magic' names (__magicname__) for python objects unless the text
         to be completed explicitly starts with one or more underscores.
 
         - If alias_table is supplied, it should be a dictionary of aliases
         to complete. """
 
         Completer.__init__(self,namespace,global_namespace)
         self.magic_prefix = shell.name+'.magic_'
         self.magic_escape = shell.ESC_MAGIC
         self.readline = readline
         delims = self.readline.get_completer_delims()
         delims = delims.replace(self.magic_escape,'')
         self.readline.set_completer_delims(delims)
         self.get_line_buffer = self.readline.get_line_buffer
         self.get_endidx = self.readline.get_endidx
         self.omit__names = omit__names
         self.merge_completions = shell.rc.readline_merge_completions        
         if alias_table is None:
             alias_table = {}
         self.alias_table = alias_table
         # Regexp to split filenames with spaces in them
         self.space_name_re = re.compile(r'([^\\] )')
         # Hold a local ref. to glob.glob for speed
         self.glob = glob.glob
 
         # Determine if we are running on 'dumb' terminals, like (X)Emacs
         # buffers, to avoid completion problems.
         term = os.environ.get('TERM','xterm')
         self.dumb_terminal = term in ['dumb','emacs']
         
         # Special handling of backslashes needed in win32 platforms
         if sys.platform == "win32":
             self.clean_glob = self._clean_glob_win32
         else:
             self.clean_glob = self._clean_glob
         self.matchers = [self.python_matches,
                          self.file_matches,
                          self.alias_matches,
                          self.python_func_kw_matches]
 
     
     # Code contributed by Alex Schmolck, for ipython/emacs integration
     def all_completions(self, text):
         """Return all possible completions for the benefit of emacs."""
 
         completions = []
         comp_append = completions.append
         try:
             for i in xrange(sys.maxint):
                 res = self.complete(text, i)
 
                 if not res: break
 
                 comp_append(res)
         #XXX workaround for ``notDefined.<tab>``
         except NameError:
             pass
         return completions
     # /end Alex Schmolck code.
 
     def _clean_glob(self,text):
         return self.glob("%s*" % text)
 
     def _clean_glob_win32(self,text):
         return [f.replace("\\","/")
                 for f in self.glob("%s*" % text)]            
 
     def file_matches(self, text):
         """Match filenames, expanding ~USER type strings.
 
         Most of the seemingly convoluted logic in this completer is an
         attempt to handle filenames with spaces in them.  And yet it's not
         quite perfect, because Python's readline doesn't expose all of the
         GNU readline details needed for this to be done correctly.
 
         For a filename with a space in it, the printed completions will be
         only the parts after what's already been typed (instead of the
         full completions, as is normally done).  I don't think with the
         current (as of Python 2.3) Python readline it's possible to do
         better."""
 
         #print 'Completer->file_matches: <%s>' % text # dbg
 
         # chars that require escaping with backslash - i.e. chars
         # that readline treats incorrectly as delimiters, but we
         # don't want to treat as delimiters in filename matching
         # when escaped with backslash
 
         protectables = ' '
 
         if text.startswith('!'):
             text = text[1:]
             text_prefix = '!'
         else:
             text_prefix = ''
             
         def protect_filename(s):
             return "".join([(ch in protectables and '\\' + ch or ch)
                             for ch in s])
 
         def single_dir_expand(matches):
             "Recursively expand match lists containing a single dir."
             
             if len(matches) == 1 and os.path.isdir(matches[0]):
                 # Takes care of links to directories also.  Use '/'
                 # explicitly, even under Windows, so that name completions
                 # don't end up escaped.
                 d = matches[0]
                 if d[-1] in ['/','\\']:
                     d = d[:-1]
 
                 subdirs = os.listdir(d)
                 if subdirs:
                     matches = [ (d + '/' + p) for p in subdirs]
                     return single_dir_expand(matches)
                 else:
                     return matches
             else:
                 return matches
         
         lbuf = self.lbuf
         open_quotes = 0  # track strings with open quotes
         try:
             lsplit = shlex.split(lbuf)[-1]
         except ValueError:
             # typically an unmatched ", or backslash without escaped char.
             if lbuf.count('"')==1:
                 open_quotes = 1
                 lsplit = lbuf.split('"')[-1]
             elif lbuf.count("'")==1:
                 open_quotes = 1
                 lsplit = lbuf.split("'")[-1]
             else:
                 return []
         except IndexError:
             # tab pressed on empty line
             lsplit = ""
 
         if lsplit != protect_filename(lsplit):
             # if protectables are found, do matching on the whole escaped
             # name
             has_protectables = 1
             text0,text = text,lsplit
         else:
             has_protectables = 0
             text = os.path.expanduser(text)
 
         if text == "":
             return [text_prefix + protect_filename(f) for f in self.glob("*")]
 
         m0 = self.clean_glob(text.replace('\\',''))
         if has_protectables:
             # If we had protectables, we need to revert our changes to the
             # beginning of filename so that we don't double-write the part
             # of the filename we have so far
             len_lsplit = len(lsplit)
             matches = [text_prefix + text0 + 
                        protect_filename(f[len_lsplit:]) for f in m0]
         else:
             if open_quotes:
                 # if we have a string with an open quote, we don't need to
                 # protect the names at all (and we _shouldn't_, as it
                 # would cause bugs when the filesystem call is made).
                 matches = m0
             else:
                 matches = [text_prefix + 
                            protect_filename(f) for f in m0]
 
         #print 'mm',matches  # dbg
         return single_dir_expand(matches)
 
     def alias_matches(self, text):
         """Match internal system aliases"""        
         #print 'Completer->alias_matches:',text,'lb',self.lbuf # dbg
         
         # if we are not in the first 'item', alias matching 
         # doesn't make sense - unless we are starting with 'sudo' command.
         if ' ' in self.lbuf.lstrip() and not self.lbuf.lstrip().startswith('sudo'):
             return []
         text = os.path.expanduser(text)
         aliases =  self.alias_table.keys()
         if text == "":
             return aliases
         else:
             return [alias for alias in aliases if alias.startswith(text)]
 
     def python_matches(self,text):
         """Match attributes or global python names"""
 
         #print 'Completer->python_matches, txt=<%s>' % text # dbg
         if "." in text:
             try:
                 matches = self.attr_matches(text)
                 if text.endswith('.') and self.omit__names:
                     if self.omit__names == 1:
                         # true if txt is _not_ a __ name, false otherwise:
                         no__name = (lambda txt:
                                     re.match(r'.*\.__.*?__',txt) is None)
                     else:
                         # true if txt is _not_ a _ name, false otherwise:
                         no__name = (lambda txt:
                                     re.match(r'.*\._.*?',txt) is None)
                     matches = filter(no__name, matches)
             except NameError:
                 # catches <undefined attributes>.<tab>
                 matches = []
         else:
             matches = self.global_matches(text)
             # this is so completion finds magics when automagic is on:
             if (matches == [] and 
                  not text.startswith(os.sep) and
                  not ' ' in self.lbuf):
                 matches = self.attr_matches(self.magic_prefix+text)
         return matches
 
     def _default_arguments(self, obj):
         """Return the list of default arguments of obj if it is callable,
         or empty list otherwise."""
 
         if not (inspect.isfunction(obj) or inspect.ismethod(obj)):
             # for classes, check for __init__,__new__
             if inspect.isclass(obj):
                 obj = (getattr(obj,'__init__',None) or
                        getattr(obj,'__new__',None))
             # for all others, check if they are __call__able
             elif hasattr(obj, '__call__'):
                 obj = obj.__call__
             # XXX: is there a way to handle the builtins ?
         try:
             args,_,_1,defaults = inspect.getargspec(obj)
             if defaults:
                 return args[-len(defaults):]
         except TypeError: pass
         return []
 
     def python_func_kw_matches(self,text):
         """Match named parameters (kwargs) of the last open function"""
 
         if "." in text: # a parameter cannot be dotted
             return []
         try: regexp = self.__funcParamsRegex
         except AttributeError:
             regexp = self.__funcParamsRegex = re.compile(r'''
                 '.*?' |    # single quoted strings or
                 ".*?" |    # double quoted strings or
                 \w+   |    # identifier
                 \S         # other characters
                 ''', re.VERBOSE | re.DOTALL)
         # 1. find the nearest identifier that comes before an unclosed
         # parenthesis e.g. for "foo (1+bar(x), pa", the candidate is "foo"
         tokens = regexp.findall(self.get_line_buffer())
         tokens.reverse()
         iterTokens = iter(tokens); openPar = 0
         for token in iterTokens:
             if token == ')':
                 openPar -= 1
             elif token == '(':
                 openPar += 1
                 if openPar > 0:
                     # found the last unclosed parenthesis
                     break
         else:
             return []
         # 2. Concatenate dotted names ("foo.bar" for "foo.bar(x, pa" )
         ids = []
         isId = re.compile(r'\w+$').match
         while True:
             try:
                 ids.append(iterTokens.next())
                 if not isId(ids[-1]):
                     ids.pop(); break
                 if not iterTokens.next() == '.':
                     break
             except StopIteration:
                 break
         # lookup the candidate callable matches either using global_matches
         # or attr_matches for dotted names
         if len(ids) == 1:
             callableMatches = self.global_matches(ids[0])
         else:
             callableMatches = self.attr_matches('.'.join(ids[::-1]))
         argMatches = []
         for callableMatch in callableMatches:
             try: namedArgs = self._default_arguments(eval(callableMatch,
                                                          self.namespace))
             except: continue
             for namedArg in namedArgs:
                 if namedArg.startswith(text):
                     argMatches.append("%s=" %namedArg)
         return argMatches
 
     def dispatch_custom_completer(self,text):
         #print "Custom! '%s' %s" % (text, self.custom_completers) # dbg
         line = self.full_lbuf        
         if not line.strip():
             return None
 
         event = Struct()
         event.line = line
         event.symbol = text
         cmd = line.split(None,1)[0]
         event.command = cmd
         #print "\ncustom:{%s]\n" % event # dbg
         
         # for foo etc, try also to find completer for %foo
         if not cmd.startswith(self.magic_escape):
             try_magic = self.custom_completers.s_matches(
               self.magic_escape + cmd)            
         else:
             try_magic = []
         
         
         for c in itertools.chain(
                                  self.custom_completers.s_matches(cmd),
                                  try_magic,
                                  self.custom_completers.flat_matches(self.lbuf)):
             #print "try",c # dbg
             try:
                 res = c(event)
                 # first, try case sensitive match
                 withcase = [r for r in res if r.startswith(text)]
                 if withcase:
                     return withcase
                 # if none, then case insensitive ones are ok too
                 return [r for r in res if r.lower().startswith(text.lower())]
             except ipapi.TryNext:
                 pass
             
         return None
                
     def complete(self, text, state,line_buffer=None):
         """Return the next possible completion for 'text'.
 
         This is called successively with state == 0, 1, 2, ... until it
         returns None.  The completion should begin with 'text'.
 
         :Keywords:
         - line_buffer: string
         If not given, the completer attempts to obtain the current line buffer
         via readline.  This keyword allows clients which are requesting for
         text completions in non-readline contexts to inform the completer of
         the entire text.
         """
 
         #print '\n*** COMPLETE: <%s> (%s)' % (text,state)  # dbg
 
         # if there is only a tab on a line with only whitespace, instead
         # of the mostly useless 'do you want to see all million
         # completions' message, just do the right thing and give the user
         # his tab!  Incidentally, this enables pasting of tabbed text from
         # an editor (as long as autoindent is off).
 
         # It should be noted that at least pyreadline still shows
         # file completions - is there a way around it?
         
         # don't apply this on 'dumb' terminals, such as emacs buffers, so we
         # don't interfere with their own tab-completion mechanism.
         if line_buffer is None:
             self.full_lbuf = self.get_line_buffer()
         else:
             self.full_lbuf = line_buffer
             
         if not (self.dumb_terminal or self.full_lbuf.strip()):
             self.readline.insert_text('\t')
             return None
         
         magic_escape = self.magic_escape
         magic_prefix = self.magic_prefix
 
         self.lbuf = self.full_lbuf[:self.get_endidx()]
 
         try:
             if text.startswith(magic_escape):
                 text = text.replace(magic_escape,magic_prefix)
             elif text.startswith('~'):
                 text = os.path.expanduser(text)
             if state == 0:
                 custom_res = self.dispatch_custom_completer(text)
                 if custom_res is not None:
                     # did custom completers produce something?
                     self.matches = custom_res
                 else:
                     # Extend the list of completions with the results of each
                     # matcher, so we return results to the user from all
                     # namespaces.
                     if self.merge_completions:
                         self.matches = []
                         for matcher in self.matchers:
                             self.matches.extend(matcher(text))
                     else:
                         for matcher in self.matchers:
                             self.matches = matcher(text)
                             if self.matches:
                                 break
                     def uniq(alist):
                         set = {}
                         return [set.setdefault(e,e) for e in alist if e not in set]
                     self.matches = uniq(self.matches)                
             try:
                 ret = self.matches[state].replace(magic_prefix,magic_escape)                
                 return ret
             except IndexError:
                 return None
         except:
             #from IPython.ultraTB import AutoFormattedTB; # dbg
             #tb=AutoFormattedTB('Verbose');tb() #dbg
             
             # If completion fails, don't annoy the user.
             return None

IPython/iplib.py

@@ -1,2698 +1,2691 b''
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """
 IPython -- An enhanced Interactive Python
 
 Requires Python 2.3 or newer.
 
 This file contains all the classes and helper functions specific to IPython.
 
 """
 
 #*****************************************************************************
 #       Copyright (C) 2001 Janko Hauser <[e-mail]> and
 #       Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Fernando Perez. <[e-mail]>
 #
 #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
 #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
 #
 # Note: this code originally subclassed code.InteractiveConsole from the
 # Python standard library.  Over time, all of that class has been copied
 # verbatim here for modifications which could not be accomplished by
 # subclassing.  At this point, there are no dependencies at all on the code
 # module anymore (it is not even imported).  The Python License (sec. 2)
 # allows for this, but it's always nice to acknowledge credit where credit is
 # due.
 #*****************************************************************************
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Modules and globals
 
 from IPython import Release
 __author__  = '%s <%s>\n%s <%s>' % \
               ( Release.authors['Janko'] + Release.authors['Fernando'] )
 __license__ = Release.license
 __version__ = Release.version
 
 # Python standard modules
 import __main__
 import __builtin__
 import StringIO
 import bdb
 import cPickle as pickle
 import codeop
 import exceptions
 import glob
 import inspect
 import keyword
 import new
 import os
 import pydoc
 import re
 import shutil
 import string
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import traceback
 import types
 import warnings
 warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', r'.*sets module*')
 from sets import Set
 from pprint import pprint, pformat
 
 # IPython's own modules
 #import IPython
 from IPython import Debugger,OInspect,PyColorize,ultraTB
 from IPython.ColorANSI import ColorScheme,ColorSchemeTable  # too long names
 from IPython.Extensions import pickleshare
 from IPython.FakeModule import FakeModule
 from IPython.Itpl import Itpl,itpl,printpl,ItplNS,itplns
 from IPython.Logger import Logger
 from IPython.Magic import Magic
 from IPython.Prompts import CachedOutput
 from IPython.ipstruct import Struct
 from IPython.background_jobs import BackgroundJobManager
 from IPython.usage import cmd_line_usage,interactive_usage
 from IPython.genutils import *
 from IPython.strdispatch import StrDispatch
 import IPython.ipapi
 import IPython.history
 import IPython.prefilter as prefilter
 import IPython.shadowns
 # Globals
 
 # store the builtin raw_input globally, and use this always, in case user code
 # overwrites it (like wx.py.PyShell does)
 raw_input_original = raw_input
 
 # compiled regexps for autoindent management
 dedent_re = re.compile(r'^\s+raise|^\s+return|^\s+pass')
 
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Some utility function definitions
 
 ini_spaces_re = re.compile(r'^(\s+)')
 
 def num_ini_spaces(strng):
     """Return the number of initial spaces in a string"""
 
     ini_spaces = ini_spaces_re.match(strng)
     if ini_spaces:
         return ini_spaces.end()
     else:
         return 0
 
 def softspace(file, newvalue):
     """Copied from code.py, to remove the dependency"""
 
     oldvalue = 0
     try:
         oldvalue = file.softspace
     except AttributeError:
         pass
     try:
         file.softspace = newvalue
     except (AttributeError, TypeError):
         # "attribute-less object" or "read-only attributes"
         pass
     return oldvalue
 
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Local use exceptions
 class SpaceInInput(exceptions.Exception): pass
 
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Local use classes
 class Bunch: pass
 
 class Undefined: pass
 
 class Quitter(object):
     """Simple class to handle exit, similar to Python 2.5's.
 
     It handles exiting in an ipython-safe manner, which the one in Python 2.5
     doesn't do (obviously, since it doesn't know about ipython)."""
     
     def __init__(self,shell,name):
         self.shell = shell
         self.name = name
         
     def __repr__(self):
         return 'Type %s() to exit.' % self.name
     __str__ = __repr__
 
     def __call__(self):
         self.shell.exit()
 
 class InputList(list):
     """Class to store user input.
 
     It's basically a list, but slices return a string instead of a list, thus
     allowing things like (assuming 'In' is an instance):
 
     exec In[4:7]
 
     or
 
     exec In[5:9] + In[14] + In[21:25]"""
 
     def __getslice__(self,i,j):
         return ''.join(list.__getslice__(self,i,j))
 
 class SyntaxTB(ultraTB.ListTB):
     """Extension which holds some state: the last exception value"""
 
     def __init__(self,color_scheme = 'NoColor'):
         ultraTB.ListTB.__init__(self,color_scheme)
         self.last_syntax_error = None
 
     def __call__(self, etype, value, elist):
         self.last_syntax_error = value
         ultraTB.ListTB.__call__(self,etype,value,elist)
 
     def clear_err_state(self):
         """Return the current error state and clear it"""
         e = self.last_syntax_error
         self.last_syntax_error = None
         return e
 
 #****************************************************************************
 # Main IPython class
 
 # FIXME: the Magic class is a mixin for now, and will unfortunately remain so
 # until a full rewrite is made.  I've cleaned all cross-class uses of
 # attributes and methods, but too much user code out there relies on the
 # equlity %foo == __IP.magic_foo, so I can't actually remove the mixin usage.
 #
 # But at least now, all the pieces have been separated and we could, in
 # principle, stop using the mixin.  This will ease the transition to the
 # chainsaw branch.
 
 # For reference, the following is the list of 'self.foo' uses in the Magic
 # class as of 2005-12-28.  These are names we CAN'T use in the main ipython
 # class, to prevent clashes.
 
 # ['self.__class__', 'self.__dict__', 'self._inspect', 'self._ofind',
 #  'self.arg_err', 'self.extract_input', 'self.format_', 'self.lsmagic',
 #  'self.magic_', 'self.options_table', 'self.parse', 'self.shell',
 #  'self.value']
 
 class InteractiveShell(object,Magic):
     """An enhanced console for Python."""
 
     # class attribute to indicate whether the class supports threads or not.
     # Subclasses with thread support should override this as needed.
     isthreaded = False
 
     def __init__(self,name,usage=None,rc=Struct(opts=None,args=None),
                  user_ns = None,user_global_ns=None,banner2='',
                  custom_exceptions=((),None),embedded=False):
 
         # log system
         self.logger = Logger(self,logfname='ipython_log.py',logmode='rotate')
-
-        # some minimal strict typechecks.  For some core data structures, I
-        # want actual basic python types, not just anything that looks like
-        # one.  This is especially true for namespaces.
-        for ns in (user_ns,user_global_ns):
-            if ns is not None and type(ns) != types.DictType:
-                raise TypeError,'namespace must be a dictionary'
+            
         # Job manager (for jobs run as background threads)
         self.jobs = BackgroundJobManager()
 
         # Store the actual shell's name
         self.name = name
         self.more = False
 
         # We need to know whether the instance is meant for embedding, since
         # global/local namespaces need to be handled differently in that case
         self.embedded = embedded
         if embedded:
             # Control variable so users can, from within the embedded instance,
             # permanently deactivate it.
             self.embedded_active = True
 
         # command compiler
         self.compile = codeop.CommandCompiler()
 
         # User input buffer
         self.buffer = []
 
         # Default name given in compilation of code
         self.filename = '<ipython console>'
 
         # Install our own quitter instead of the builtins.  For python2.3-2.4,
         # this brings in behavior like 2.5, and for 2.5 it's identical.
         __builtin__.exit = Quitter(self,'exit')
         __builtin__.quit = Quitter(self,'quit')
         
         # Make an empty namespace, which extension writers can rely on both
         # existing and NEVER being used by ipython itself.  This gives them a
         # convenient location for storing additional information and state
         # their extensions may require, without fear of collisions with other
         # ipython names that may develop later.
         self.meta = Struct()
 
         # Create the namespace where the user will operate.  user_ns is
         # normally the only one used, and it is passed to the exec calls as
         # the locals argument.  But we do carry a user_global_ns namespace
         # given as the exec 'globals' argument,  This is useful in embedding
         # situations where the ipython shell opens in a context where the
         # distinction between locals and globals is meaningful.
 
         # FIXME. For some strange reason, __builtins__ is showing up at user
         # level as a dict instead of a module. This is a manual fix, but I
         # should really track down where the problem is coming from. Alex
         # Schmolck reported this problem first.
 
         # A useful post by Alex Martelli on this topic:
         # Re: inconsistent value from __builtins__
         # Von: Alex Martelli <[e-mail]>
         # Datum: Freitag 01 Oktober 2004 04:45:34 nachmittags/abends
         # Gruppen: comp.lang.python
 
         # Michael Hohn <[e-mail]> wrote:
         # > >>> print type(builtin_check.get_global_binding('__builtins__'))
         # > <type 'dict'>
         # > >>> print type(__builtins__)
         # > <type 'module'>
         # > Is this difference in return value intentional?
 
         # Well, it's documented that '__builtins__' can be either a dictionary
         # or a module, and it's been that way for a long time. Whether it's
         # intentional (or sensible), I don't know. In any case, the idea is
         # that if you need to access the built-in namespace directly, you
         # should start with "import __builtin__" (note, no 's') which will
         # definitely give you a module. Yeah, it's somewhat confusing:-(.
 
         # These routines return properly built dicts as needed by the rest of
         # the code, and can also be used by extension writers to generate
         # properly initialized namespaces.
         user_ns = IPython.ipapi.make_user_ns(user_ns)
         user_global_ns = IPython.ipapi.make_user_global_ns(user_global_ns)
             
         # Assign namespaces
         # This is the namespace where all normal user variables live
         self.user_ns = user_ns
         # Embedded instances require a separate namespace for globals.
         # Normally this one is unused by non-embedded instances.
         self.user_global_ns = user_global_ns
         # A namespace to keep track of internal data structures to prevent
         # them from cluttering user-visible stuff.  Will be updated later
         self.internal_ns = {}
 
         # Namespace of system aliases.  Each entry in the alias
         # table must be a 2-tuple of the form (N,name), where N is the number
         # of positional arguments of the alias.
         self.alias_table = {}
 
         # A table holding all the namespaces IPython deals with, so that
         # introspection facilities can search easily.
         self.ns_table = {'user':user_ns,
                          'user_global':user_global_ns,
                          'alias':self.alias_table,
                          'internal':self.internal_ns,
                          'builtin':__builtin__.__dict__
                          }
         # The user namespace MUST have a pointer to the shell itself.
         self.user_ns[name] = self
 
         # We need to insert into sys.modules something that looks like a
         # module but which accesses the IPython namespace, for shelve and
         # pickle to work interactively. Normally they rely on getting
         # everything out of __main__, but for embedding purposes each IPython
         # instance has its own private namespace, so we can't go shoving
         # everything into __main__.
 
         # note, however, that we should only do this for non-embedded
         # ipythons, which really mimic the __main__.__dict__ with their own
         # namespace.  Embedded instances, on the other hand, should not do
         # this because they need to manage the user local/global namespaces
         # only, but they live within a 'normal' __main__ (meaning, they
         # shouldn't overtake the execution environment of the script they're
         # embedded in).
 
         if not embedded:
             try:
                 main_name = self.user_ns['__name__']
             except KeyError:
                 raise KeyError,'user_ns dictionary MUST have a "__name__" key'
             else:
                 #print "pickle hack in place"  # dbg
                 #print 'main_name:',main_name # dbg
                 sys.modules[main_name] = FakeModule(self.user_ns)
 
         # Now that FakeModule produces a real module, we've run into a nasty
         # problem: after script execution (via %run), the module where the user
         # code ran is deleted.  Now that this object is a true module (needed
         # so docetst and other tools work correctly), the Python module
         # teardown mechanism runs over it, and sets to None every variable
         # present in that module.  This means that later calls to functions
         # defined in the script (which have become interactively visible after
         # script exit) fail, because they hold references to objects that have
         # become overwritten into None.  The only solution I see right now is
         # to protect every FakeModule used by %run by holding an internal
         # reference to it.  This private list will be used for that.  The
         # %reset command will flush it as well.
         self._user_main_modules = []
 
         # List of input with multi-line handling.
         # Fill its zero entry, user counter starts at 1
         self.input_hist = InputList(['\n'])
         # This one will hold the 'raw' input history, without any
         # pre-processing.  This will allow users to retrieve the input just as
         # it was exactly typed in by the user, with %hist -r.
         self.input_hist_raw = InputList(['\n'])
 
         # list of visited directories
         try:
             self.dir_hist = [os.getcwd()]
         except OSError:
             self.dir_hist = []
 
         # dict of output history
         self.output_hist = {}
 
         # Get system encoding at startup time.  Certain terminals (like Emacs
         # under Win32 have it set to None, and we need to have a known valid
         # encoding to use in the raw_input() method
         try:
             self.stdin_encoding = sys.stdin.encoding or 'ascii'
         except AttributeError:
             self.stdin_encoding = 'ascii'
 
         # dict of things NOT to alias (keywords, builtins and some magics)
         no_alias = {}
         no_alias_magics = ['cd','popd','pushd','dhist','alias','unalias']
         for key in keyword.kwlist + no_alias_magics:
             no_alias[key] = 1
         no_alias.update(__builtin__.__dict__)
         self.no_alias = no_alias
                 
         # make global variables for user access to these
         self.user_ns['_ih'] = self.input_hist
         self.user_ns['_oh'] = self.output_hist
         self.user_ns['_dh'] = self.dir_hist
 
         # user aliases to input and output histories
         self.user_ns['In']  = self.input_hist
         self.user_ns['Out'] = self.output_hist
 
         self.user_ns['_sh'] = IPython.shadowns
         # Object variable to store code object waiting execution.  This is
         # used mainly by the multithreaded shells, but it can come in handy in
         # other situations.  No need to use a Queue here, since it's a single
         # item which gets cleared once run.
         self.code_to_run = None
         
         # escapes for automatic behavior on the command line
         self.ESC_SHELL  = '!'
         self.ESC_SH_CAP = '!!'
         self.ESC_HELP   = '?'
         self.ESC_MAGIC  = '%'
         self.ESC_QUOTE  = ','
         self.ESC_QUOTE2 = ';'
         self.ESC_PAREN  = '/'
 
         # And their associated handlers
         self.esc_handlers = {self.ESC_PAREN  : self.handle_auto,
                              self.ESC_QUOTE  : self.handle_auto,
                              self.ESC_QUOTE2 : self.handle_auto,
                              self.ESC_MAGIC  : self.handle_magic,
                              self.ESC_HELP   : self.handle_help,
                              self.ESC_SHELL  : self.handle_shell_escape,
                              self.ESC_SH_CAP : self.handle_shell_escape,
                              }
 
         # class initializations
         Magic.__init__(self,self)
 
         # Python source parser/formatter for syntax highlighting
         pyformat = PyColorize.Parser().format
         self.pycolorize = lambda src: pyformat(src,'str',self.rc['colors'])
 
         # hooks holds pointers used for user-side customizations
         self.hooks = Struct()
         
         self.strdispatchers = {}
         
         # Set all default hooks, defined in the IPython.hooks module.
         hooks = IPython.hooks
         for hook_name in hooks.__all__:
             # default hooks have priority 100, i.e. low; user hooks should have
             # 0-100 priority
             self.set_hook(hook_name,getattr(hooks,hook_name), 100)
             #print "bound hook",hook_name
 
         # Flag to mark unconditional exit
         self.exit_now = False
 
         self.usage_min =  """\
         An enhanced console for Python.
         Some of its features are:
         - Readline support if the readline library is present.
         - Tab completion in the local namespace.
         - Logging of input, see command-line options.
         - System shell escape via ! , eg !ls.
         - Magic commands, starting with a % (like %ls, %pwd, %cd, etc.)
         - Keeps track of locally defined variables via %who, %whos.
         - Show object information with a ? eg ?x or x? (use ?? for more info).
         """
         if usage: self.usage = usage
         else: self.usage = self.usage_min
 
         # Storage
         self.rc = rc   # This will hold all configuration information
         self.pager = 'less'
         # temporary files used for various purposes.  Deleted at exit.
         self.tempfiles = []
 
         # Keep track of readline usage (later set by init_readline)
         self.has_readline = False
 
         # template for logfile headers.  It gets resolved at runtime by the
         # logstart method.
         self.loghead_tpl = \
 """#log# Automatic Logger file. *** THIS MUST BE THE FIRST LINE ***
 #log# DO NOT CHANGE THIS LINE OR THE TWO BELOW
 #log# opts = %s
 #log# args = %s
 #log# It is safe to make manual edits below here.
 #log#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 """
         # for pushd/popd management
         try:
             self.home_dir = get_home_dir()
         except HomeDirError,msg:
             fatal(msg)
 
         self.dir_stack = []
 
         # Functions to call the underlying shell.
 
         # The first is similar to os.system, but it doesn't return a value,
         # and it allows interpolation of variables in the user's namespace.
         self.system = lambda cmd: \
                       self.hooks.shell_hook(self.var_expand(cmd,depth=2))
 
         # These are for getoutput and getoutputerror:
         self.getoutput = lambda cmd: \
                          getoutput(self.var_expand(cmd,depth=2),
                                    header=self.rc.system_header,
                                    verbose=self.rc.system_verbose)
 
         self.getoutputerror = lambda cmd: \
                               getoutputerror(self.var_expand(cmd,depth=2),
                                              header=self.rc.system_header,
                                              verbose=self.rc.system_verbose)
  
 
         # keep track of where we started running (mainly for crash post-mortem)
         self.starting_dir = os.getcwd()
 
         # Various switches which can be set
         self.CACHELENGTH = 5000  # this is cheap, it's just text
         self.BANNER = "Python %(version)s on %(platform)s\n" % sys.__dict__
         self.banner2 = banner2
 
         # TraceBack handlers:
 
         # Syntax error handler.
         self.SyntaxTB = SyntaxTB(color_scheme='NoColor')
         
         # The interactive one is initialized with an offset, meaning we always
         # want to remove the topmost item in the traceback, which is our own
         # internal code. Valid modes: ['Plain','Context','Verbose']
         self.InteractiveTB = ultraTB.AutoFormattedTB(mode = 'Plain',
                                                      color_scheme='NoColor',
                                                      tb_offset = 1)
 
         # IPython itself shouldn't crash. This will produce a detailed
         # post-mortem if it does.  But we only install the crash handler for
         # non-threaded shells, the threaded ones use a normal verbose reporter
         # and lose the crash handler.  This is because exceptions in the main
         # thread (such as in GUI code) propagate directly to sys.excepthook,
         # and there's no point in printing crash dumps for every user exception.
         if self.isthreaded:
             ipCrashHandler = ultraTB.FormattedTB()
         else:
             from IPython import CrashHandler
             ipCrashHandler = CrashHandler.IPythonCrashHandler(self)
         self.set_crash_handler(ipCrashHandler)
 
         # and add any custom exception handlers the user may have specified
         self.set_custom_exc(*custom_exceptions)
 
         # indentation management
         self.autoindent = False
         self.indent_current_nsp = 0
 
         # Make some aliases automatically
         # Prepare list of shell aliases to auto-define
         if os.name == 'posix':
             auto_alias = ('mkdir mkdir', 'rmdir rmdir',
                           'mv mv -i','rm rm -i','cp cp -i',
                           'cat cat','less less','clear clear',
                           # a better ls
                           'ls ls -F',
                           # long ls
                           'll ls -lF')
             # Extra ls aliases with color, which need special treatment on BSD
             # variants
             ls_extra = ( # color ls
                          'lc ls -F -o --color',
                          # ls normal files only
                          'lf ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^-',
                          # ls symbolic links
                          'lk ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^l',
                          # directories or links to directories,
                          'ldir ls -F -o --color %l | grep /$',
                          # things which are executable
                          'lx ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^-..x',
                          )
             # The BSDs don't ship GNU ls, so they don't understand the
             # --color switch out of the box
             if 'bsd' in sys.platform:
                 ls_extra = ( # ls normal files only
                              'lf ls -lF | grep ^-',
                              # ls symbolic links
                              'lk ls -lF | grep ^l',
                              # directories or links to directories,
                              'ldir ls -lF | grep /$',
                              # things which are executable
                              'lx ls -lF | grep ^-..x',
                              )
             auto_alias = auto_alias + ls_extra
         elif os.name in ['nt','dos']:
             auto_alias = ('ls dir /on',
                           'ddir dir /ad /on', 'ldir dir /ad /on',
                           'mkdir mkdir','rmdir rmdir','echo echo',
                           'ren ren','cls cls','copy copy')
         else:
             auto_alias = ()
         self.auto_alias = [s.split(None,1) for s in auto_alias]
 
         
         # Produce a public API instance
         self.api = IPython.ipapi.IPApi(self)
 
         # Call the actual (public) initializer
         self.init_auto_alias()
 
         # track which builtins we add, so we can clean up later
         self.builtins_added = {}
         # This method will add the necessary builtins for operation, but
         # tracking what it did via the builtins_added dict.
         
         #TODO: remove this, redundant
         self.add_builtins()
 
         
         
 
     # end __init__
 
     def var_expand(self,cmd,depth=0):
         """Expand python variables in a string.
 
         The depth argument indicates how many frames above the caller should
         be walked to look for the local namespace where to expand variables.
 
         The global namespace for expansion is always the user's interactive
         namespace.
         """
 
         return str(ItplNS(cmd,
                           self.user_ns,  # globals
                           # Skip our own frame in searching for locals:
                           sys._getframe(depth+1).f_locals # locals
                           ))
 
     def pre_config_initialization(self):
         """Pre-configuration init method
 
         This is called before the configuration files are processed to
         prepare the services the config files might need.
         
         self.rc already has reasonable default values at this point.
         """
         rc = self.rc
         try:
             self.db = pickleshare.PickleShareDB(rc.ipythondir + "/db")            
         except exceptions.UnicodeDecodeError:
             print "Your ipythondir can't be decoded to unicode!"
             print "Please set HOME environment variable to something that"
             print r"only has ASCII characters, e.g. c:\home"
             print "Now it is",rc.ipythondir
             sys.exit()
         self.shadowhist = IPython.history.ShadowHist(self.db)            
             
     
     def post_config_initialization(self):
         """Post configuration init method
 
         This is called after the configuration files have been processed to
         'finalize' the initialization."""
 
         rc = self.rc
 
         # Object inspector
         self.inspector = OInspect.Inspector(OInspect.InspectColors,
                                             PyColorize.ANSICodeColors,
                                             'NoColor',
                                             rc.object_info_string_level)
         
         self.rl_next_input = None
         self.rl_do_indent = False
         # Load readline proper
         if rc.readline:
             self.init_readline()
 
         
         # local shortcut, this is used a LOT
         self.log = self.logger.log
 
         # Initialize cache, set in/out prompts and printing system
         self.outputcache = CachedOutput(self,
                                         rc.cache_size,
                                         rc.pprint,
                                         input_sep = rc.separate_in,
                                         output_sep = rc.separate_out,
                                         output_sep2 = rc.separate_out2,
                                         ps1 = rc.prompt_in1,
                                         ps2 = rc.prompt_in2,
                                         ps_out = rc.prompt_out,
                                         pad_left = rc.prompts_pad_left)
 
         # user may have over-ridden the default print hook:
         try:
             self.outputcache.__class__.display = self.hooks.display
         except AttributeError:
             pass
 
         # I don't like assigning globally to sys, because it means when
         # embedding instances, each embedded instance overrides the previous
         # choice. But sys.displayhook seems to be called internally by exec,
         # so I don't see a way around it.  We first save the original and then
         # overwrite it.
         self.sys_displayhook = sys.displayhook
         sys.displayhook = self.outputcache
 
         # Do a proper resetting of doctest, including the necessary displayhook
         # monkeypatching
         try:
             doctest_reload()
         except ImportError:
             warn("doctest module does not exist.")
         
         # Set user colors (don't do it in the constructor above so that it
         # doesn't crash if colors option is invalid)
         self.magic_colors(rc.colors)
 
         # Set calling of pdb on exceptions
         self.call_pdb = rc.pdb
 
         # Load user aliases
         for alias in rc.alias:
             self.magic_alias(alias)
         
         self.hooks.late_startup_hook()
         
         for cmd in self.rc.autoexec:
             #print "autoexec>",cmd #dbg
             self.api.runlines(cmd)
             
         batchrun = False
         for batchfile in [path(arg) for arg in self.rc.args 
             if arg.lower().endswith('.ipy')]:
             if not batchfile.isfile():
                 print "No such batch file:", batchfile
                 continue
             self.api.runlines(batchfile.text())
             batchrun = True
         # without -i option, exit after running the batch file
         if batchrun and not self.rc.interact:
             self.exit_now = True            
 
     def add_builtins(self):
         """Store ipython references into the builtin namespace.
 
         Some parts of ipython operate via builtins injected here, which hold a
         reference to IPython itself."""
 
         # TODO: deprecate all of these, they are unsafe
         builtins_new  = dict(__IPYTHON__ = self,
              ip_set_hook = self.set_hook, 
              jobs = self.jobs,
              ipmagic = wrap_deprecated(self.ipmagic,'_ip.magic()'),  
              ipalias = wrap_deprecated(self.ipalias),  
              ipsystem = wrap_deprecated(self.ipsystem,'_ip.system()'),
              #_ip = self.api
              )
         for biname,bival in builtins_new.items():
             try:
                 # store the orignal value so we can restore it
                 self.builtins_added[biname] =  __builtin__.__dict__[biname]
             except KeyError:
                 # or mark that it wasn't defined, and we'll just delete it at
                 # cleanup
                 self.builtins_added[biname] = Undefined
             __builtin__.__dict__[biname] = bival
             
         # Keep in the builtins a flag for when IPython is active.  We set it
         # with setdefault so that multiple nested IPythons don't clobber one
         # another.  Each will increase its value by one upon being activated,
         # which also gives us a way to determine the nesting level.
         __builtin__.__dict__.setdefault('__IPYTHON__active',0)
 
     def clean_builtins(self):
         """Remove any builtins which might have been added by add_builtins, or
         restore overwritten ones to their previous values."""
         for biname,bival in self.builtins_added.items():
             if bival is Undefined:
                 del __builtin__.__dict__[biname]
             else:
                 __builtin__.__dict__[biname] = bival
         self.builtins_added.clear()
     
     def set_hook(self,name,hook, priority = 50, str_key = None, re_key = None):
         """set_hook(name,hook) -> sets an internal IPython hook.
 
         IPython exposes some of its internal API as user-modifiable hooks.  By
         adding your function to one of these hooks, you can modify IPython's 
         behavior to call at runtime your own routines."""
 
         # At some point in the future, this should validate the hook before it
         # accepts it.  Probably at least check that the hook takes the number
         # of args it's supposed to.
         
         f = new.instancemethod(hook,self,self.__class__)
 
         # check if the hook is for strdispatcher first
         if str_key is not None:
             sdp = self.strdispatchers.get(name, StrDispatch())
             sdp.add_s(str_key, f, priority )
             self.strdispatchers[name] = sdp
             return
         if re_key is not None:
             sdp = self.strdispatchers.get(name, StrDispatch())
             sdp.add_re(re.compile(re_key), f, priority )
             self.strdispatchers[name] = sdp
             return
             
         dp = getattr(self.hooks, name, None)
         if name not in IPython.hooks.__all__:
             print "Warning! Hook '%s' is not one of %s" % (name, IPython.hooks.__all__ )
         if not dp:
             dp = IPython.hooks.CommandChainDispatcher()
         
         try:
             dp.add(f,priority)
         except AttributeError:
             # it was not commandchain, plain old func - replace
             dp = f
 
         setattr(self.hooks,name, dp)
         
         
         #setattr(self.hooks,name,new.instancemethod(hook,self,self.__class__))
 
     def set_crash_handler(self,crashHandler):
         """Set the IPython crash handler.
 
         This must be a callable with a signature suitable for use as
         sys.excepthook."""
 
         # Install the given crash handler as the Python exception hook
         sys.excepthook = crashHandler
         
         # The instance will store a pointer to this, so that runtime code
         # (such as magics) can access it.  This is because during the
         # read-eval loop, it gets temporarily overwritten (to deal with GUI
         # frameworks).
         self.sys_excepthook = sys.excepthook
 
 
     def set_custom_exc(self,exc_tuple,handler):
         """set_custom_exc(exc_tuple,handler)
 
         Set a custom exception handler, which will be called if any of the
         exceptions in exc_tuple occur in the mainloop (specifically, in the
         runcode() method.
 
         Inputs:
 
           - exc_tuple: a *tuple* of valid exceptions to call the defined
           handler for.  It is very important that you use a tuple, and NOT A
           LIST here, because of the way Python's except statement works.  If
           you only want to trap a single exception, use a singleton tuple:
 
             exc_tuple == (MyCustomException,)
 
           - handler: this must be defined as a function with the following
           basic interface: def my_handler(self,etype,value,tb).
 
           This will be made into an instance method (via new.instancemethod)
           of IPython itself, and it will be called if any of the exceptions
           listed in the exc_tuple are caught.  If the handler is None, an
           internal basic one is used, which just prints basic info.
 
         WARNING: by putting in your own exception handler into IPython's main
         execution loop, you run a very good chance of nasty crashes.  This
         facility should only be used if you really know what you are doing."""
 
         assert type(exc_tuple)==type(()) , \
                "The custom exceptions must be given AS A TUPLE."
 
         def dummy_handler(self,etype,value,tb):
             print '*** Simple custom exception handler ***'
             print 'Exception type :',etype
             print 'Exception value:',value
             print 'Traceback      :',tb
             print 'Source code    :','\n'.join(self.buffer)
 
         if handler is None: handler = dummy_handler
 
         self.CustomTB = new.instancemethod(handler,self,self.__class__)
         self.custom_exceptions = exc_tuple
 
     def set_custom_completer(self,completer,pos=0):
         """set_custom_completer(completer,pos=0)
 
         Adds a new custom completer function.
 
         The position argument (defaults to 0) is the index in the completers
         list where you want the completer to be inserted."""
 
         newcomp = new.instancemethod(completer,self.Completer,
                                      self.Completer.__class__)
         self.Completer.matchers.insert(pos,newcomp)
 
     def set_completer(self):
         """reset readline's completer to be our own."""
         self.readline.set_completer(self.Completer.complete)
         
     def _get_call_pdb(self):
         return self._call_pdb
 
     def _set_call_pdb(self,val):
 
         if val not in (0,1,False,True):
             raise ValueError,'new call_pdb value must be boolean'
 
         # store value in instance
         self._call_pdb = val
 
         # notify the actual exception handlers
         self.InteractiveTB.call_pdb = val
         if self.isthreaded:
             try:
                 self.sys_excepthook.call_pdb = val
             except:
                 warn('Failed to activate pdb for threaded exception handler')
 
     call_pdb = property(_get_call_pdb,_set_call_pdb,None,
                         'Control auto-activation of pdb at exceptions')
  
 
     # These special functions get installed in the builtin namespace, to
     # provide programmatic (pure python) access to magics, aliases and system
     # calls.  This is important for logging, user scripting, and more.
 
     # We are basically exposing, via normal python functions, the three
     # mechanisms in which ipython offers special call modes (magics for
     # internal control, aliases for direct system access via pre-selected
     # names, and !cmd for calling arbitrary system commands).
 
     def ipmagic(self,arg_s):
         """Call a magic function by name.
 
         Input: a string containing the name of the magic function to call and any
         additional arguments to be passed to the magic.
 
         ipmagic('name -opt foo bar') is equivalent to typing at the ipython
         prompt:
 
         In[1]: %name -opt foo bar
 
         To call a magic without arguments, simply use ipmagic('name').
 
         This provides a proper Python function to call IPython's magics in any
         valid Python code you can type at the interpreter, including loops and
         compound statements.  It is added by IPython to the Python builtin
         namespace upon initialization."""
 
         args = arg_s.split(' ',1)
         magic_name = args[0]
         magic_name = magic_name.lstrip(self.ESC_MAGIC)
 
         try:
             magic_args = args[1]
         except IndexError:
             magic_args = ''
         fn = getattr(self,'magic_'+magic_name,None)
         if fn is None:
             error("Magic function `%s` not found." % magic_name)
         else:
             magic_args = self.var_expand(magic_args,1)
             return fn(magic_args)
 
     def ipalias(self,arg_s):
         """Call an alias by name.
 
         Input: a string containing the name of the alias to call and any
         additional arguments to be passed to the magic.
 
         ipalias('name -opt foo bar') is equivalent to typing at the ipython
         prompt:
 
         In[1]: name -opt foo bar
 
         To call an alias without arguments, simply use ipalias('name').
 
         This provides a proper Python function to call IPython's aliases in any
         valid Python code you can type at the interpreter, including loops and
         compound statements.  It is added by IPython to the Python builtin
         namespace upon initialization."""
 
         args = arg_s.split(' ',1)
         alias_name = args[0]
         try:
             alias_args = args[1]
         except IndexError:
             alias_args = ''
         if alias_name in self.alias_table:
             self.call_alias(alias_name,alias_args)
         else:
             error("Alias `%s` not found." % alias_name)
 
     def ipsystem(self,arg_s):
         """Make a system call, using IPython."""
 
         self.system(arg_s)
 
     def complete(self,text):
         """Return a sorted list of all possible completions on text.
 
         Inputs:
 
           - text: a string of text to be completed on.
 
         This is a wrapper around the completion mechanism, similar to what
         readline does at the command line when the TAB key is hit.  By
         exposing it as a method, it can be used by other non-readline
         environments (such as GUIs) for text completion.
 
         Simple usage example:
 
         In [7]: x = 'hello'
 
         In [8]: x
         Out[8]: 'hello'
 
         In [9]: print x
         hello
 
         In [10]: _ip.IP.complete('x.l')
         Out[10]: ['x.ljust', 'x.lower', 'x.lstrip']
         """
         
         complete = self.Completer.complete
         state = 0
         # use a dict so we get unique keys, since ipyhton's multiple
         # completers can return duplicates.  When we make 2.4 a requirement,
         # start using sets instead, which are faster.
         comps = {}
         while True:
             newcomp = complete(text,state,line_buffer=text)
             if newcomp is None:
                 break
             comps[newcomp] = 1
             state += 1
         outcomps = comps.keys()
         outcomps.sort()
-        print "T:",text,"OC:",outcomps  # dbg
+        #print "T:",text,"OC:",outcomps  # dbg
         #print "vars:",self.user_ns.keys()
         return outcomps
         
     def set_completer_frame(self, frame=None):
         if frame:
             self.Completer.namespace = frame.f_locals
             self.Completer.global_namespace = frame.f_globals
         else:
             self.Completer.namespace = self.user_ns
             self.Completer.global_namespace = self.user_global_ns
 
     def init_auto_alias(self):
         """Define some aliases automatically.
 
         These are ALL parameter-less aliases"""
 
         for alias,cmd in self.auto_alias:
             self.getapi().defalias(alias,cmd)
             
 
     def alias_table_validate(self,verbose=0):
         """Update information about the alias table.
 
         In particular, make sure no Python keywords/builtins are in it."""
 
         no_alias = self.no_alias
         for k in self.alias_table.keys():
             if k in no_alias:
                 del self.alias_table[k]
                 if verbose:
                     print ("Deleting alias <%s>, it's a Python "
                            "keyword or builtin." % k)
     
     def set_autoindent(self,value=None):
         """Set the autoindent flag, checking for readline support.
 
         If called with no arguments, it acts as a toggle."""
 
         if not self.has_readline:
             if os.name == 'posix':
                 warn("The auto-indent feature requires the readline library")
             self.autoindent = 0
             return
         if value is None:
             self.autoindent = not self.autoindent
         else:
             self.autoindent = value
 
     def rc_set_toggle(self,rc_field,value=None):
         """Set or toggle a field in IPython's rc config. structure.
 
         If called with no arguments, it acts as a toggle.
 
         If called with a non-existent field, the resulting AttributeError
         exception will propagate out."""
 
         rc_val = getattr(self.rc,rc_field)
         if value is None:
             value = not rc_val
         setattr(self.rc,rc_field,value)
 
     def user_setup(self,ipythondir,rc_suffix,mode='install'):
         """Install the user configuration directory.
 
         Can be called when running for the first time or to upgrade the user's
         .ipython/ directory with the mode parameter. Valid modes are 'install'
         and 'upgrade'."""
 
         def wait():
             try:
                 raw_input("Please press <RETURN> to start IPython.")
             except EOFError:
                 print >> Term.cout
             print '*'*70
 
         cwd = os.getcwd()  # remember where we started
         glb = glob.glob
         print '*'*70
         if mode == 'install':
             print \
 """Welcome to IPython. I will try to create a personal configuration directory
 where you can customize many aspects of IPython's functionality in:\n"""
         else:
             print 'I am going to upgrade your configuration in:'
 
         print ipythondir
 
         rcdirend = os.path.join('IPython','UserConfig')
         cfg = lambda d: os.path.join(d,rcdirend)
         try:
             rcdir = filter(os.path.isdir,map(cfg,sys.path))[0]
             print "Initializing from configuration",rcdir
         except IndexError:
             warning = """
 Installation error. IPython's directory was not found.
 
 Check the following:
 
 The ipython/IPython directory should be in a directory belonging to your
 PYTHONPATH environment variable (that is, it should be in a directory
 belonging to sys.path). You can copy it explicitly there or just link to it.
 
 IPython will create a minimal default configuration for you.
 
 """
             warn(warning)
             wait()
             
             if sys.platform =='win32':
                 inif = 'ipythonrc.ini'
             else:
                 inif = 'ipythonrc'
             minimal_setup = {'ipy_user_conf.py' : 'import ipy_defaults', inif : '# intentionally left blank' }    
             os.makedirs(ipythondir, mode = 0777)
             for f, cont in minimal_setup.items():
                 open(ipythondir + '/' + f,'w').write(cont)
                              
             return
 
         if mode == 'install':
             try:
                 shutil.copytree(rcdir,ipythondir)
                 os.chdir(ipythondir)
                 rc_files = glb("ipythonrc*")
                 for rc_file in rc_files:
                     os.rename(rc_file,rc_file+rc_suffix)
             except:
                 warning = """
 
 There was a problem with the installation:
 %s
 Try to correct it or contact the developers if you think it's a bug.
 IPython will proceed with builtin defaults.""" % sys.exc_info()[1]
                 warn(warning)
                 wait()
                 return
 
         elif mode == 'upgrade':
             try:
                 os.chdir(ipythondir)
             except:
                 print """
 Can not upgrade: changing to directory %s failed. Details:
 %s
 """ % (ipythondir,sys.exc_info()[1])
                 wait()
                 return
             else:
                 sources = glb(os.path.join(rcdir,'[A-Za-z]*'))
                 for new_full_path in sources:
                     new_filename = os.path.basename(new_full_path)
                     if new_filename.startswith('ipythonrc'):
                         new_filename = new_filename + rc_suffix
                     # The config directory should only contain files, skip any
                     # directories which may be there (like CVS)
                     if os.path.isdir(new_full_path):
                         continue
                     if os.path.exists(new_filename):
                         old_file = new_filename+'.old'
                         if os.path.exists(old_file):
                             os.remove(old_file)
                         os.rename(new_filename,old_file)
                     shutil.copy(new_full_path,new_filename)
         else:
             raise ValueError,'unrecognized mode for install:',`mode`
 
         # Fix line-endings to those native to each platform in the config
         # directory.
         try:
             os.chdir(ipythondir)
         except:
             print """
 Problem: changing to directory %s failed.
 Details:
 %s
 
 Some configuration files may have incorrect line endings.  This should not
 cause any problems during execution.  """ % (ipythondir,sys.exc_info()[1])
             wait()
         else:
             for fname in glb('ipythonrc*'):
                 try:
                     native_line_ends(fname,backup=0)
                 except IOError:
                     pass
 
         if mode == 'install':
             print """
 Successful installation!
 
 Please read the sections 'Initial Configuration' and 'Quick Tips' in the
 IPython manual (there are both HTML and PDF versions supplied with the
 distribution) to make sure that your system environment is properly configured
 to take advantage of IPython's features.
 
 Important note: the configuration system has changed! The old system is
 still in place, but its setting may be partly overridden by the settings in 
 "~/.ipython/ipy_user_conf.py" config file. Please take a look at the file 
 if some of the new settings bother you. 
 
 """
         else:
             print """
 Successful upgrade!
 
 All files in your directory:
 %(ipythondir)s
 which would have been overwritten by the upgrade were backed up with a .old
 extension.  If you had made particular customizations in those files you may
 want to merge them back into the new files.""" % locals()
         wait()
         os.chdir(cwd)
         # end user_setup()
 
     def atexit_operations(self):
         """This will be executed at the time of exit.
 
         Saving of persistent data should be performed here. """
 
         #print '*** IPython exit cleanup ***' # dbg
         # input history
         self.savehist()
 
         # Cleanup all tempfiles left around
         for tfile in self.tempfiles:
             try:
                 os.unlink(tfile)
             except OSError:
                 pass
 
         self.hooks.shutdown_hook()
         
     def savehist(self):
         """Save input history to a file (via readline library)."""
 
         if not self.has_readline:
             return
         
         try:
             self.readline.write_history_file(self.histfile)
         except:
             print 'Unable to save IPython command history to file: ' + \
                   `self.histfile`
 
     def reloadhist(self):
         """Reload the input history from disk file."""
 
         if self.has_readline:
             try:
                 self.readline.clear_history()
                 self.readline.read_history_file(self.shell.histfile)
             except AttributeError:
                 pass
             
 
     def history_saving_wrapper(self, func):
         """ Wrap func for readline history saving
         
         Convert func into callable that saves & restores
         history around the call """
         
         if not self.has_readline:
             return func
         
         def wrapper():
             self.savehist()
             try:
                 func()
             finally:
                 readline.read_history_file(self.histfile)
         return wrapper
                 
             
     def pre_readline(self):
         """readline hook to be used at the start of each line.
 
         Currently it handles auto-indent only."""
 
         #debugx('self.indent_current_nsp','pre_readline:')
 
         if self.rl_do_indent:
             self.readline.insert_text(self.indent_current_str())
         if self.rl_next_input is not None:
             self.readline.insert_text(self.rl_next_input)
             self.rl_next_input = None
 
     def init_readline(self):
         """Command history completion/saving/reloading."""
 
 
         import IPython.rlineimpl as readline
                   
         if not readline.have_readline:
             self.has_readline = 0
             self.readline = None
             # no point in bugging windows users with this every time:
             warn('Readline services not available on this platform.')
         else:
             sys.modules['readline'] = readline
             import atexit
             from IPython.completer import IPCompleter
             self.Completer = IPCompleter(self,
                                             self.user_ns,
                                             self.user_global_ns,
                                             self.rc.readline_omit__names,
                                             self.alias_table)
             sdisp = self.strdispatchers.get('complete_command', StrDispatch())
             self.strdispatchers['complete_command'] = sdisp
             self.Completer.custom_completers = sdisp
             # Platform-specific configuration
             if os.name == 'nt':
                 self.readline_startup_hook = readline.set_pre_input_hook
             else:
                 self.readline_startup_hook = readline.set_startup_hook
 
             # Load user's initrc file (readline config)
             # Or if libedit is used, load editrc.
             inputrc_name = os.environ.get('INPUTRC')
             if inputrc_name is None:
                 home_dir = get_home_dir()
                 if home_dir is not None:
                     inputrc_name = '.inputrc'
                     if readline.uses_libedit:
                         inputrc_name = '.editrc'
                     inputrc_name = os.path.join(home_dir, inputrc_name)
             if os.path.isfile(inputrc_name):
                 try:
                     readline.read_init_file(inputrc_name)
                 except:
                     warn('Problems reading readline initialization file <%s>'
                          % inputrc_name)
             
             self.has_readline = 1
             self.readline = readline
             # save this in sys so embedded copies can restore it properly
             sys.ipcompleter = self.Completer.complete
             self.set_completer()
 
             # Configure readline according to user's prefs
             # This is only done if GNU readline is being used.  If libedit
             # is being used (as on Leopard) the readline config is
             # not run as the syntax for libedit is different.
             if not readline.uses_libedit:
                 for rlcommand in self.rc.readline_parse_and_bind:
                     readline.parse_and_bind(rlcommand)
 
             # remove some chars from the delimiters list
             delims = readline.get_completer_delims()
             delims = delims.translate(string._idmap,
                                       self.rc.readline_remove_delims)
             readline.set_completer_delims(delims)
             # otherwise we end up with a monster history after a while:
             readline.set_history_length(1000)
             try:
                 #print '*** Reading readline history'  # dbg
                 readline.read_history_file(self.histfile)
             except IOError:
                 pass  # It doesn't exist yet.
 
             atexit.register(self.atexit_operations)
             del atexit
 
         # Configure auto-indent for all platforms
         self.set_autoindent(self.rc.autoindent)
 
     def ask_yes_no(self,prompt,default=True):
         if self.rc.quiet:
             return True
         return ask_yes_no(prompt,default)
     
     def _should_recompile(self,e):
         """Utility routine for edit_syntax_error"""
 
         if e.filename in ('<ipython console>','<input>','<string>',
                           '<console>','<BackgroundJob compilation>',
                           None):
                               
             return False
         try:
             if (self.rc.autoedit_syntax and 
                 not self.ask_yes_no('Return to editor to correct syntax error? '
                               '[Y/n] ','y')):
                 return False
         except EOFError:
             return False
 
         def int0(x):
             try:
                 return int(x)
             except TypeError:
                 return 0
         # always pass integer line and offset values to editor hook
         self.hooks.fix_error_editor(e.filename,
             int0(e.lineno),int0(e.offset),e.msg)
         return True
         
     def edit_syntax_error(self):
         """The bottom half of the syntax error handler called in the main loop.
 
         Loop until syntax error is fixed or user cancels.
         """
 
         while self.SyntaxTB.last_syntax_error:
             # copy and clear last_syntax_error
             err = self.SyntaxTB.clear_err_state()
             if not self._should_recompile(err):
                 return
             try:
                 # may set last_syntax_error again if a SyntaxError is raised
                 self.safe_execfile(err.filename,self.user_ns)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
             else:
                 try:
                     f = file(err.filename)
                     try:
                         sys.displayhook(f.read())
                     finally:
                         f.close()
                 except:
                     self.showtraceback()
 
     def showsyntaxerror(self, filename=None):
         """Display the syntax error that just occurred.
 
         This doesn't display a stack trace because there isn't one.
 
         If a filename is given, it is stuffed in the exception instead
         of what was there before (because Python's parser always uses
         "<string>" when reading from a string).
         """
         etype, value, last_traceback = sys.exc_info()
 
         # See note about these variables in showtraceback() below
         sys.last_type = etype
         sys.last_value = value
         sys.last_traceback = last_traceback
         
         if filename and etype is SyntaxError:
             # Work hard to stuff the correct filename in the exception
             try:
                 msg, (dummy_filename, lineno, offset, line) = value
             except:
                 # Not the format we expect; leave it alone
                 pass
             else:
                 # Stuff in the right filename
                 try:
                     # Assume SyntaxError is a class exception
                     value = SyntaxError(msg, (filename, lineno, offset, line))
                 except:
                     # If that failed, assume SyntaxError is a string
                     value = msg, (filename, lineno, offset, line)
         self.SyntaxTB(etype,value,[])
 
     def debugger(self,force=False):
         """Call the pydb/pdb debugger.
 
         Keywords:
 
           - force(False): by default, this routine checks the instance call_pdb
           flag and does not actually invoke the debugger if the flag is false.
           The 'force' option forces the debugger to activate even if the flag
           is false.
         """
 
         if not (force or self.call_pdb):
             return
 
         if not hasattr(sys,'last_traceback'):
             error('No traceback has been produced, nothing to debug.')
             return
 
         # use pydb if available
         if Debugger.has_pydb:
             from pydb import pm
         else:
             # fallback to our internal debugger
             pm = lambda : self.InteractiveTB.debugger(force=True)
         self.history_saving_wrapper(pm)()
 
     def showtraceback(self,exc_tuple = None,filename=None,tb_offset=None):
         """Display the exception that just occurred.
 
         If nothing is known about the exception, this is the method which
         should be used throughout the code for presenting user tracebacks,
         rather than directly invoking the InteractiveTB object.
 
         A specific showsyntaxerror() also exists, but this method can take
         care of calling it if needed, so unless you are explicitly catching a
         SyntaxError exception, don't try to analyze the stack manually and
         simply call this method."""
 
         
         # Though this won't be called by syntax errors in the input line,
         # there may be SyntaxError cases whith imported code.
         
         try:
             if exc_tuple is None:
                 etype, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
             else:
                 etype, value, tb = exc_tuple
     
             if etype is SyntaxError:
                 self.showsyntaxerror(filename)
             elif etype is IPython.ipapi.UsageError:
                 print "UsageError:", value
             else:
                 # WARNING: these variables are somewhat deprecated and not
                 # necessarily safe to use in a threaded environment, but tools
                 # like pdb depend on their existence, so let's set them.  If we
                 # find problems in the field, we'll need to revisit their use.
                 sys.last_type = etype
                 sys.last_value = value
                 sys.last_traceback = tb
     
                 if etype in self.custom_exceptions:
                     self.CustomTB(etype,value,tb)
                 else:
                     self.InteractiveTB(etype,value,tb,tb_offset=tb_offset)
                     if self.InteractiveTB.call_pdb and self.has_readline:
                         # pdb mucks up readline, fix it back
                         self.set_completer()
         except KeyboardInterrupt:
             self.write("\nKeyboardInterrupt\n")
             
         
 
     def mainloop(self,banner=None):
         """Creates the local namespace and starts the mainloop.
 
         If an optional banner argument is given, it will override the
         internally created default banner."""
 
         if self.rc.c:  # Emulate Python's -c option
             self.exec_init_cmd()
         if banner is None:
             if not self.rc.banner:
                 banner = ''
             # banner is string? Use it directly!
             elif isinstance(self.rc.banner,basestring):
                 banner = self.rc.banner
             else:                
                 banner = self.BANNER+self.banner2
 
         while 1:
             try:
                 self.interact(banner)
                 #self.interact_with_readline()                
                 # XXX for testing of a readline-decoupled repl loop, call interact_with_readline above
 
                 break
             except KeyboardInterrupt:
                 # this should not be necessary, but KeyboardInterrupt
                 # handling seems rather unpredictable...
                 self.write("\nKeyboardInterrupt in interact()\n")
 
     def exec_init_cmd(self):
         """Execute a command given at the command line.
 
         This emulates Python's -c option."""
 
         #sys.argv = ['-c']
         self.push(self.prefilter(self.rc.c, False))
         if not self.rc.interact:
             self.exit_now = True
 
     def embed_mainloop(self,header='',local_ns=None,global_ns=None,stack_depth=0):
         """Embeds IPython into a running python program.
 
         Input:
 
           - header: An optional header message can be specified.
 
           - local_ns, global_ns: working namespaces. If given as None, the
           IPython-initialized one is updated with __main__.__dict__, so that
           program variables become visible but user-specific configuration
           remains possible.
 
           - stack_depth: specifies how many levels in the stack to go to
           looking for namespaces (when local_ns and global_ns are None).  This
           allows an intermediate caller to make sure that this function gets
           the namespace from the intended level in the stack.  By default (0)
           it will get its locals and globals from the immediate caller.
 
         Warning: it's possible to use this in a program which is being run by
         IPython itself (via %run), but some funny things will happen (a few
         globals get overwritten). In the future this will be cleaned up, as
         there is no fundamental reason why it can't work perfectly."""
 
         # Get locals and globals from caller
         if local_ns is None or global_ns is None:
             call_frame = sys._getframe(stack_depth).f_back
 
             if local_ns is None:
                 local_ns = call_frame.f_locals
             if global_ns is None:
                 global_ns = call_frame.f_globals
 
         # Update namespaces and fire up interpreter
 
         # The global one is easy, we can just throw it in
         self.user_global_ns = global_ns
 
         # but the user/local one is tricky: ipython needs it to store internal
         # data, but we also need the locals.  We'll copy locals in the user
         # one, but will track what got copied so we can delete them at exit.
         # This is so that a later embedded call doesn't see locals from a
         # previous call (which most likely existed in a separate scope).
         local_varnames = local_ns.keys()
         self.user_ns.update(local_ns)
         #self.user_ns['local_ns'] = local_ns  # dbg
 
         # Patch for global embedding to make sure that things don't overwrite
         # user globals accidentally. Thanks to Richard <[e-mail]>
         # FIXME. Test this a bit more carefully (the if.. is new)
         if local_ns is None and global_ns is None:
             self.user_global_ns.update(__main__.__dict__)
 
         # make sure the tab-completer has the correct frame information, so it
         # actually completes using the frame's locals/globals
         self.set_completer_frame()
 
         # before activating the interactive mode, we need to make sure that
         # all names in the builtin namespace needed by ipython point to
         # ourselves, and not to other instances.
         self.add_builtins()
 
         self.interact(header)
         
         # now, purge out the user namespace from anything we might have added
         # from the caller's local namespace
         delvar = self.user_ns.pop
         for var in local_varnames:
             delvar(var,None)
         # and clean builtins we may have overridden
         self.clean_builtins()
 
     def interact_prompt(self):
         """ Print the prompt (in read-eval-print loop) 
 
         Provided for those who want to implement their own read-eval-print loop (e.g. GUIs), not 
         used in standard IPython flow.
         """
         if self.more:
             try:
                 prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(True)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
             if self.autoindent:
                 self.rl_do_indent = True
 
         else:
             try:
                 prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(False)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
         self.write(prompt)
 
     def interact_handle_input(self,line):
         """ Handle the input line (in read-eval-print loop)
         
         Provided for those who want to implement their own read-eval-print loop (e.g. GUIs), not 
         used in standard IPython flow.        
         """
         if line.lstrip() == line:
             self.shadowhist.add(line.strip())
         lineout = self.prefilter(line,self.more)
 
         if line.strip():
             if self.more:
                 self.input_hist_raw[-1] += '%s\n' % line
             else:
                 self.input_hist_raw.append('%s\n' % line)                
 
         
         self.more = self.push(lineout)
         if (self.SyntaxTB.last_syntax_error and
             self.rc.autoedit_syntax):
             self.edit_syntax_error()
 
     def interact_with_readline(self):
         """ Demo of using interact_handle_input, interact_prompt
         
         This is the main read-eval-print loop. If you need to implement your own (e.g. for GUI),
         it should work like this.
         """ 
         self.readline_startup_hook(self.pre_readline)
         while not self.exit_now:
             self.interact_prompt()
             if self.more:
                 self.rl_do_indent = True
             else:
                 self.rl_do_indent = False
             line = raw_input_original().decode(self.stdin_encoding)
             self.interact_handle_input(line)
 
         
     def interact(self, banner=None):
         """Closely emulate the interactive Python console.
 
         The optional banner argument specify the banner to print
         before the first interaction; by default it prints a banner
         similar to the one printed by the real Python interpreter,
         followed by the current class name in parentheses (so as not
         to confuse this with the real interpreter -- since it's so
         close!).
 
         """
         
         if self.exit_now:
             # batch run -> do not interact
             return
         cprt = 'Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.'
         if banner is None:
             self.write("Python %s on %s\n%s\n(%s)\n" %
                        (sys.version, sys.platform, cprt,
                         self.__class__.__name__))
         else:
             self.write(banner)
 
         more = 0
         
         # Mark activity in the builtins
         __builtin__.__dict__['__IPYTHON__active'] += 1
         
         if self.has_readline:
             self.readline_startup_hook(self.pre_readline)
         # exit_now is set by a call to %Exit or %Quit
         
         while not self.exit_now:
             self.hooks.pre_prompt_hook()
             if more:
                 try:
                     prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(True)
                 except:
                     self.showtraceback()
                 if self.autoindent:
                     self.rl_do_indent = True
                     
             else:
                 try:
                     prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(False)
                 except:
                     self.showtraceback()
             try:
                 line = self.raw_input(prompt,more)
                 if self.exit_now:
                     # quick exit on sys.std[in|out] close
                     break
                 if self.autoindent:
                     self.rl_do_indent = False
                     
             except KeyboardInterrupt:
                 #double-guard against keyboardinterrupts during kbdint handling
                 try:
                     self.write('\nKeyboardInterrupt\n')
                     self.resetbuffer()
                     # keep cache in sync with the prompt counter:
                     self.outputcache.prompt_count -= 1
     
                     if self.autoindent:
                         self.indent_current_nsp = 0
                     more = 0
                 except KeyboardInterrupt:
                     pass
             except EOFError:
                 if self.autoindent:
                     self.rl_do_indent = False
                     self.readline_startup_hook(None)
                 self.write('\n')
                 self.exit()
             except bdb.BdbQuit:
                 warn('The Python debugger has exited with a BdbQuit exception.\n'
                      'Because of how pdb handles the stack, it is impossible\n'
                      'for IPython to properly format this particular exception.\n'
                      'IPython will resume normal operation.')
             except:
                 # exceptions here are VERY RARE, but they can be triggered
                 # asynchronously by signal handlers, for example.
                 self.showtraceback()
             else:
                 more = self.push(line)
                 if (self.SyntaxTB.last_syntax_error and
                     self.rc.autoedit_syntax):
                     self.edit_syntax_error()
             
         # We are off again...
         __builtin__.__dict__['__IPYTHON__active'] -= 1
 
     def excepthook(self, etype, value, tb):
       """One more defense for GUI apps that call sys.excepthook.
 
       GUI frameworks like wxPython trap exceptions and call
       sys.excepthook themselves.  I guess this is a feature that
       enables them to keep running after exceptions that would
       otherwise kill their mainloop. This is a bother for IPython
       which excepts to catch all of the program exceptions with a try:
       except: statement.
 
       Normally, IPython sets sys.excepthook to a CrashHandler instance, so if
       any app directly invokes sys.excepthook, it will look to the user like
       IPython crashed.  In order to work around this, we can disable the
       CrashHandler and replace it with this excepthook instead, which prints a
       regular traceback using our InteractiveTB.  In this fashion, apps which
       call sys.excepthook will generate a regular-looking exception from
       IPython, and the CrashHandler will only be triggered by real IPython
       crashes.
 
       This hook should be used sparingly, only in places which are not likely
       to be true IPython errors.
       """
       self.showtraceback((etype,value,tb),tb_offset=0)
 
     def expand_aliases(self,fn,rest):
         """ Expand multiple levels of aliases:
         
         if:
         
         alias foo bar /tmp
         alias baz foo
         
         then:
         
         baz huhhahhei -> bar /tmp huhhahhei
         
         """
         line = fn + " " + rest
         
         done = Set()
         while 1:
             pre,fn,rest = prefilter.splitUserInput(line,
                                                    prefilter.shell_line_split)
             if fn in self.alias_table:
                 if fn in done:
                     warn("Cyclic alias definition, repeated '%s'" % fn)
                     return ""
                 done.add(fn)
 
                 l2 = self.transform_alias(fn,rest)
                 # dir -> dir 
                 # print "alias",line, "->",l2  #dbg
                 if l2 == line:
                     break
                 # ls -> ls -F should not recurse forever
                 if l2.split(None,1)[0] == line.split(None,1)[0]:
                     line = l2
                     break
                 
                 line=l2
                 
                 
                 # print "al expand to",line #dbg
             else:
                 break
                 
         return line
 
     def transform_alias(self, alias,rest=''):
         """ Transform alias to system command string.
         """
         trg = self.alias_table[alias]
 
         nargs,cmd = trg
         # print trg #dbg
         if ' ' in cmd and os.path.isfile(cmd):
             cmd = '"%s"' % cmd
 
         # Expand the %l special to be the user's input line
         if cmd.find('%l') >= 0:
             cmd = cmd.replace('%l',rest)
             rest = ''
         if nargs==0:
             # Simple, argument-less aliases
             cmd = '%s %s' % (cmd,rest)
         else:
             # Handle aliases with positional arguments
             args = rest.split(None,nargs)
             if len(args)< nargs:
                 error('Alias <%s> requires %s arguments, %s given.' %
                       (alias,nargs,len(args)))
                 return None
             cmd = '%s %s' % (cmd % tuple(args[:nargs]),' '.join(args[nargs:]))
         # Now call the macro, evaluating in the user's namespace
         #print 'new command: <%r>' % cmd  # dbg
         return cmd
         
     def call_alias(self,alias,rest=''):
         """Call an alias given its name and the rest of the line.
 
         This is only used to provide backwards compatibility for users of
         ipalias(), use of which is not recommended for anymore."""
 
         # Now call the macro, evaluating in the user's namespace
         cmd = self.transform_alias(alias, rest)
         try:
             self.system(cmd)
         except:
             self.showtraceback()
 
     def indent_current_str(self):
         """return the current level of indentation as a string"""
         return self.indent_current_nsp * ' '
 
     def autoindent_update(self,line):
         """Keep track of the indent level."""
 
         #debugx('line')
         #debugx('self.indent_current_nsp')
         if self.autoindent:
             if line:
                 inisp = num_ini_spaces(line)
                 if inisp < self.indent_current_nsp:
                     self.indent_current_nsp = inisp
 
                 if line[-1] == ':':
                     self.indent_current_nsp += 4
                 elif dedent_re.match(line):
                     self.indent_current_nsp -= 4
             else:
                 self.indent_current_nsp = 0
 
     def runlines(self,lines):
         """Run a string of one or more lines of source.
 
         This method is capable of running a string containing multiple source
         lines, as if they had been entered at the IPython prompt.  Since it
         exposes IPython's processing machinery, the given strings can contain
         magic calls (%magic), special shell access (!cmd), etc."""
 
         # We must start with a clean buffer, in case this is run from an
         # interactive IPython session (via a magic, for example).
         self.resetbuffer()
         lines = lines.split('\n')
         more = 0
     
         for line in lines:
             # skip blank lines so we don't mess up the prompt counter, but do
             # NOT skip even a blank line if we are in a code block (more is
             # true)
             
             
             if line or more:
                 # push to raw history, so hist line numbers stay in sync
                 self.input_hist_raw.append("# " + line + "\n")
                 more = self.push(self.prefilter(line,more))
                 # IPython's runsource returns None if there was an error
                 # compiling the code.  This allows us to stop processing right
                 # away, so the user gets the error message at the right place.
                 if more is None:
                     break
             else:
                 self.input_hist_raw.append("\n")
         # final newline in case the input didn't have it, so that the code
         # actually does get executed
         if more:
             self.push('\n')
 
     def runsource(self, source, filename='<input>', symbol='single'):
         """Compile and run some source in the interpreter.
 
         Arguments are as for compile_command().
 
         One several things can happen:
 
         1) The input is incorrect; compile_command() raised an
         exception (SyntaxError or OverflowError).  A syntax traceback
         will be printed by calling the showsyntaxerror() method.
 
         2) The input is incomplete, and more input is required;
         compile_command() returned None.  Nothing happens.
 
         3) The input is complete; compile_command() returned a code
         object.  The code is executed by calling self.runcode() (which
         also handles run-time exceptions, except for SystemExit).
 
         The return value is:
 
           - True in case 2
 
           - False in the other cases, unless an exception is raised, where
           None is returned instead.  This can be used by external callers to
           know whether to continue feeding input or not.
 
         The return value can be used to decide whether to use sys.ps1 or
         sys.ps2 to prompt the next line."""
 
         # if the source code has leading blanks, add 'if 1:\n' to it
         # this allows execution of indented pasted code. It is tempting
         # to add '\n' at the end of source to run commands like ' a=1'
         # directly, but this fails for more complicated scenarios
         source=source.encode(self.stdin_encoding)
         if source[:1] in [' ', '\t']:
             source = 'if 1:\n%s' % source
 
         try:
             code = self.compile(source,filename,symbol)
         except (OverflowError, SyntaxError, ValueError, TypeError):
             # Case 1
             self.showsyntaxerror(filename)
             return None
 
         if code is None:
             # Case 2
             return True
 
         # Case 3
         # We store the code object so that threaded shells and
         # custom exception handlers can access all this info if needed.
         # The source corresponding to this can be obtained from the
         # buffer attribute as '\n'.join(self.buffer).
         self.code_to_run = code
         # now actually execute the code object
         if self.runcode(code) == 0:
             return False
         else:
             return None
 
     def runcode(self,code_obj):
         """Execute a code object.
 
         When an exception occurs, self.showtraceback() is called to display a
         traceback.
 
         Return value: a flag indicating whether the code to be run completed
         successfully:
 
           - 0: successful execution.
           - 1: an error occurred.
         """
 
         # Set our own excepthook in case the user code tries to call it
         # directly, so that the IPython crash handler doesn't get triggered
         old_excepthook,sys.excepthook = sys.excepthook, self.excepthook
 
         # we save the original sys.excepthook in the instance, in case config
         # code (such as magics) needs access to it.
         self.sys_excepthook = old_excepthook
         outflag = 1  # happens in more places, so it's easier as default
         try:
             try:
                 self.hooks.pre_runcode_hook()
                 # Embedded instances require separate global/local namespaces
                 # so they can see both the surrounding (local) namespace and
                 # the module-level globals when called inside another function.
                 if self.embedded:
                     exec code_obj in self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns
                 # Normal (non-embedded) instances should only have a single
                 # namespace for user code execution, otherwise functions won't
                 # see interactive top-level globals.
                 else:
                     exec code_obj in self.user_ns
             finally:
                 # Reset our crash handler in place
                 sys.excepthook = old_excepthook
         except SystemExit:
             self.resetbuffer()
             self.showtraceback()
             warn("Type %exit or %quit to exit IPython "
                  "(%Exit or %Quit do so unconditionally).",level=1)
         except self.custom_exceptions:
             etype,value,tb = sys.exc_info()
             self.CustomTB(etype,value,tb)
         except:
             self.showtraceback()
         else:
             outflag = 0
             if softspace(sys.stdout, 0):
                 print
         # Flush out code object which has been run (and source)
         self.code_to_run = None
         return outflag
         
     def push(self, line):
         """Push a line to the interpreter.
 
         The line should not have a trailing newline; it may have
         internal newlines.  The line is appended to a buffer and the
         interpreter's runsource() method is called with the
         concatenated contents of the buffer as source.  If this
         indicates that the command was executed or invalid, the buffer
         is reset; otherwise, the command is incomplete, and the buffer
         is left as it was after the line was appended.  The return
         value is 1 if more input is required, 0 if the line was dealt
         with in some way (this is the same as runsource()).
         """
 
         # autoindent management should be done here, and not in the
         # interactive loop, since that one is only seen by keyboard input.  We
         # need this done correctly even for code run via runlines (which uses
         # push).
 
         #print 'push line: <%s>' % line  # dbg
         for subline in line.splitlines():
             self.autoindent_update(subline)
         self.buffer.append(line)
         more = self.runsource('\n'.join(self.buffer), self.filename)
         if not more:
             self.resetbuffer()
         return more
 
     def split_user_input(self, line):
         # This is really a hold-over to support ipapi and some extensions
         return prefilter.splitUserInput(line)
 
     def resetbuffer(self):
         """Reset the input buffer."""
         self.buffer[:] = []
         
     def raw_input(self,prompt='',continue_prompt=False):
         """Write a prompt and read a line.
 
         The returned line does not include the trailing newline.
         When the user enters the EOF key sequence, EOFError is raised.
 
         Optional inputs:
 
           - prompt(''): a string to be printed to prompt the user.
 
           - continue_prompt(False): whether this line is the first one or a
           continuation in a sequence of inputs.
         """
 
         # Code run by the user may have modified the readline completer state.
         # We must ensure that our completer is back in place.
         if self.has_readline:
             self.set_completer()
         
         try:
             line = raw_input_original(prompt).decode(self.stdin_encoding)
         except ValueError:
             warn("\n********\nYou or a %run:ed script called sys.stdin.close()"
                  " or sys.stdout.close()!\nExiting IPython!")
             self.exit_now = True
             return ""
 
         # Try to be reasonably smart about not re-indenting pasted input more
         # than necessary.  We do this by trimming out the auto-indent initial
         # spaces, if the user's actual input started itself with whitespace.
         #debugx('self.buffer[-1]')
 
         if self.autoindent:
             if num_ini_spaces(line) > self.indent_current_nsp:
                 line = line[self.indent_current_nsp:]
                 self.indent_current_nsp = 0
             
         # store the unfiltered input before the user has any chance to modify
         # it.
         if line.strip():
             if continue_prompt:
                 self.input_hist_raw[-1] += '%s\n' % line
                 if self.has_readline: # and some config option is set?
                     try:
                         histlen = self.readline.get_current_history_length()
                         if histlen > 1:
                             newhist = self.input_hist_raw[-1].rstrip()
                             self.readline.remove_history_item(histlen-1)
                             self.readline.replace_history_item(histlen-2,
                                             newhist.encode(self.stdin_encoding))
                     except AttributeError:
                         pass # re{move,place}_history_item are new in 2.4.                
             else:
                 self.input_hist_raw.append('%s\n' % line)                
             # only entries starting at first column go to shadow history
             if line.lstrip() == line:
                 self.shadowhist.add(line.strip())
         elif not continue_prompt:
             self.input_hist_raw.append('\n')
         try:
             lineout = self.prefilter(line,continue_prompt)
         except:
             # blanket except, in case a user-defined prefilter crashes, so it
             # can't take all of ipython with it.
             self.showtraceback()
             return ''
         else:
             return lineout
 
     def _prefilter(self, line, continue_prompt):
         """Calls different preprocessors, depending on the form of line."""
 
         # All handlers *must* return a value, even if it's blank ('').
 
         # Lines are NOT logged here. Handlers should process the line as
         # needed, update the cache AND log it (so that the input cache array
         # stays synced).
 
         #.....................................................................
         # Code begins
 
         #if line.startswith('%crash'): raise RuntimeError,'Crash now!'  # dbg
 
         # save the line away in case we crash, so the post-mortem handler can
         # record it
         self._last_input_line = line
 
         #print '***line: <%s>' % line # dbg
 
         if not line:
             # Return immediately on purely empty lines, so that if the user
             # previously typed some whitespace that started a continuation
             # prompt, he can break out of that loop with just an empty line.
             # This is how the default python prompt works.
 
             # Only return if the accumulated input buffer was just whitespace!
             if ''.join(self.buffer).isspace():
                 self.buffer[:] = []
             return ''
         
         line_info = prefilter.LineInfo(line, continue_prompt)
         
         # the input history needs to track even empty lines
         stripped = line.strip()
         
         if not stripped:
             if not continue_prompt:
                 self.outputcache.prompt_count -= 1
             return self.handle_normal(line_info)
 
         # print '***cont',continue_prompt  # dbg
         # special handlers are only allowed for single line statements
         if continue_prompt and not self.rc.multi_line_specials:
             return self.handle_normal(line_info)
 
 
         # See whether any pre-existing handler can take care of it  
         rewritten = self.hooks.input_prefilter(stripped)
         if rewritten != stripped: # ok, some prefilter did something
             rewritten = line_info.pre + rewritten  # add indentation
             return self.handle_normal(prefilter.LineInfo(rewritten,
                                                          continue_prompt))
             
         #print 'pre <%s> iFun <%s> rest <%s>' % (pre,iFun,theRest)  # dbg
         
         return prefilter.prefilter(line_info, self)
 
 
     def _prefilter_dumb(self, line, continue_prompt):
         """simple prefilter function, for debugging"""
         return self.handle_normal(line,continue_prompt)
 
     
     def multiline_prefilter(self, line, continue_prompt):
         """ Run _prefilter for each line of input
         
         Covers cases where there are multiple lines in the user entry,
         which is the case when the user goes back to a multiline history
         entry and presses enter.
         
         """
         out = []
         for l in line.rstrip('\n').split('\n'):
             out.append(self._prefilter(l, continue_prompt))
         return '\n'.join(out)
     
     # Set the default prefilter() function (this can be user-overridden)
     prefilter = multiline_prefilter
 
     def handle_normal(self,line_info):
         """Handle normal input lines. Use as a template for handlers."""
 
         # With autoindent on, we need some way to exit the input loop, and I
         # don't want to force the user to have to backspace all the way to
         # clear the line.  The rule will be in this case, that either two
         # lines of pure whitespace in a row, or a line of pure whitespace but
         # of a size different to the indent level, will exit the input loop.
         line = line_info.line
         continue_prompt = line_info.continue_prompt
         
         if (continue_prompt and self.autoindent and line.isspace() and
             (0 < abs(len(line) - self.indent_current_nsp) <= 2 or
              (self.buffer[-1]).isspace() )):
             line = ''
 
         self.log(line,line,continue_prompt)
         return line
 
     def handle_alias(self,line_info):
         """Handle alias input lines. """
         tgt = self.alias_table[line_info.iFun]
         # print "=>",tgt #dbg
         if callable(tgt):
             if '$' in line_info.line:
                 call_meth = '(_ip, _ip.itpl(%s))'
             else:
                 call_meth = '(_ip,%s)'
             line_out = ("%s_sh.%s" + call_meth) % (line_info.preWhitespace,
                                          line_info.iFun, 
             make_quoted_expr(line_info.line))
         else:
             transformed = self.expand_aliases(line_info.iFun,line_info.theRest)
 
             # pre is needed, because it carries the leading whitespace.  Otherwise
             # aliases won't work in indented sections.
             line_out = '%s_ip.system(%s)' % (line_info.preWhitespace,
                                              make_quoted_expr( transformed ))
         
         self.log(line_info.line,line_out,line_info.continue_prompt)
         #print 'line out:',line_out # dbg
         return line_out
 
     def handle_shell_escape(self, line_info):
         """Execute the line in a shell, empty return value"""
         #print 'line in :', `line` # dbg
         line = line_info.line
         if line.lstrip().startswith('!!'):
             # rewrite LineInfo's line, iFun and theRest to properly hold the
             # call to %sx and the actual command to be executed, so
             # handle_magic can work correctly.  Note that this works even if
             # the line is indented, so it handles multi_line_specials
             # properly.
             new_rest = line.lstrip()[2:]
             line_info.line = '%ssx %s' % (self.ESC_MAGIC,new_rest)
             line_info.iFun = 'sx'
             line_info.theRest = new_rest
             return self.handle_magic(line_info)
         else:
             cmd = line.lstrip().lstrip('!')
             line_out = '%s_ip.system(%s)' % (line_info.preWhitespace,
                                              make_quoted_expr(cmd))
         # update cache/log and return
         self.log(line,line_out,line_info.continue_prompt)
         return line_out
 
     def handle_magic(self, line_info):
         """Execute magic functions."""
         iFun    = line_info.iFun
         theRest = line_info.theRest
         cmd = '%s_ip.magic(%s)' % (line_info.preWhitespace,
                                    make_quoted_expr(iFun + " " + theRest))
         self.log(line_info.line,cmd,line_info.continue_prompt)
         #print 'in handle_magic, cmd=<%s>' % cmd  # dbg
         return cmd
 
     def handle_auto(self, line_info):
         """Hande lines which can be auto-executed, quoting if requested."""
 
         line    = line_info.line
         iFun    = line_info.iFun
         theRest = line_info.theRest
         pre     = line_info.pre
         continue_prompt = line_info.continue_prompt
         obj = line_info.ofind(self)['obj']
 
         #print 'pre <%s> iFun <%s> rest <%s>' % (pre,iFun,theRest)  # dbg
 
         # This should only be active for single-line input!
         if continue_prompt:
-            print 'getting out!'  # dbg
             self.log(line,line,continue_prompt)
             return line
 
         force_auto = isinstance(obj, IPython.ipapi.IPyAutocall)
         auto_rewrite = True
         
         if pre == self.ESC_QUOTE:
             # Auto-quote splitting on whitespace
             newcmd = '%s("%s")' % (iFun,'", "'.join(theRest.split()) )
         elif pre == self.ESC_QUOTE2:
             # Auto-quote whole string
             newcmd = '%s("%s")' % (iFun,theRest)
         elif pre == self.ESC_PAREN:
             newcmd = '%s(%s)' % (iFun,",".join(theRest.split()))
         else:
             # Auto-paren.
             # We only apply it to argument-less calls if the autocall
             # parameter is set to 2.  We only need to check that autocall is <
             # 2, since this function isn't called unless it's at least 1.
             if not theRest and (self.rc.autocall < 2) and not force_auto:
                 newcmd = '%s %s' % (iFun,theRest)
                 auto_rewrite = False
             else:
                 if not force_auto and theRest.startswith('['):
                     if hasattr(obj,'__getitem__'):
                         # Don't autocall in this case: item access for an object
                         # which is BOTH callable and implements __getitem__.
                         newcmd = '%s %s' % (iFun,theRest)
                         auto_rewrite = False
                     else:
                         # if the object doesn't support [] access, go ahead and
                         # autocall
                         newcmd = '%s(%s)' % (iFun.rstrip(),theRest)
                 elif theRest.endswith(';'):
                     newcmd = '%s(%s);' % (iFun.rstrip(),theRest[:-1])
                 else:
                     newcmd = '%s(%s)' % (iFun.rstrip(), theRest)
 
         if auto_rewrite:
             rw = self.outputcache.prompt1.auto_rewrite() + newcmd
             
             try:
                 # plain ascii works better w/ pyreadline, on some machines, so
                 # we use it and only print uncolored rewrite if we have unicode
                 rw = str(rw)
                 print >>Term.cout, rw
             except UnicodeEncodeError:
                 print "-------------->" + newcmd
             
         # log what is now valid Python, not the actual user input (without the
         # final newline)
         self.log(line,newcmd,continue_prompt)
         return newcmd
 
     def handle_help(self, line_info):
         """Try to get some help for the object.
 
         obj? or ?obj   -> basic information.
         obj?? or ??obj -> more details.
         """
         
         line = line_info.line
         # We need to make sure that we don't process lines which would be
         # otherwise valid python, such as "x=1 # what?"
         try:
             codeop.compile_command(line)
         except SyntaxError:
             # We should only handle as help stuff which is NOT valid syntax
             if line[0]==self.ESC_HELP:
                 line = line[1:]
             elif line[-1]==self.ESC_HELP:
                 line = line[:-1]
             self.log(line,'#?'+line,line_info.continue_prompt)
             if line:
                 #print 'line:<%r>' % line  # dbg
                 self.magic_pinfo(line)
             else:
                 page(self.usage,screen_lines=self.rc.screen_length)
             return '' # Empty string is needed here!
         except:
             # Pass any other exceptions through to the normal handler
             return self.handle_normal(line_info)
         else:
             # If the code compiles ok, we should handle it normally
             return self.handle_normal(line_info)
 
     def getapi(self):
         """ Get an IPApi object for this shell instance
         
         Getting an IPApi object is always preferable to accessing the shell
         directly, but this holds true especially for extensions.
         
         It should always be possible to implement an extension with IPApi
         alone. If not, contact maintainer to request an addition.
         
         """
         return self.api
 
     def handle_emacs(self, line_info):
         """Handle input lines marked by python-mode."""
 
         # Currently, nothing is done.  Later more functionality can be added
         # here if needed.
 
         # The input cache shouldn't be updated
         return line_info.line
     
 
     def mktempfile(self,data=None):
         """Make a new tempfile and return its filename.
 
         This makes a call to tempfile.mktemp, but it registers the created
         filename internally so ipython cleans it up at exit time.
 
         Optional inputs:
 
           - data(None): if data is given, it gets written out to the temp file
           immediately, and the file is closed again."""
 
         filename = tempfile.mktemp('.py','ipython_edit_')
         self.tempfiles.append(filename)
         
         if data:
             tmp_file = open(filename,'w')
             tmp_file.write(data)
             tmp_file.close()
         return filename
 
     def write(self,data):
         """Write a string to the default output"""
         Term.cout.write(data)
 
     def write_err(self,data):
         """Write a string to the default error output"""
         Term.cerr.write(data)
 
     def exit(self):
         """Handle interactive exit.
 
         This method sets the exit_now attribute."""
 
         if self.rc.confirm_exit:
             if self.ask_yes_no('Do you really want to exit ([y]/n)?','y'):
                 self.exit_now = True
         else:
             self.exit_now = True
 
     def safe_execfile(self,fname,*where,**kw):
         """A safe version of the builtin execfile().
 
         This version will never throw an exception, and knows how to handle
         ipython logs as well.
 
         :Parameters:
           fname : string
             Name of the file to be executed.
             
           where : tuple
             One or two namespaces, passed to execfile() as (globals,locals).
             If only one is given, it is passed as both.
 
         :Keywords:
           islog : boolean (False)
 
           quiet : boolean (True)
 
           exit_ignore : boolean (False)
           """
 
         def syspath_cleanup():
             """Internal cleanup routine for sys.path."""
             if add_dname:
                 try:
                     sys.path.remove(dname)
                 except ValueError:
                     # For some reason the user has already removed it, ignore.
                     pass
         
         fname = os.path.expanduser(fname)
 
         # Find things also in current directory.  This is needed to mimic the
         # behavior of running a script from the system command line, where
         # Python inserts the script's directory into sys.path
         dname = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(fname))
         add_dname = False
         if dname not in sys.path:
             sys.path.insert(0,dname)
             add_dname = True
 
         try:
             xfile = open(fname)
         except:
             print >> Term.cerr, \
                   'Could not open file <%s> for safe execution.' % fname
             syspath_cleanup()
             return None
 
         kw.setdefault('islog',0)
         kw.setdefault('quiet',1)
         kw.setdefault('exit_ignore',0)
         
         first = xfile.readline()
         loghead = str(self.loghead_tpl).split('\n',1)[0].strip()
         xfile.close()
         # line by line execution
         if first.startswith(loghead) or kw['islog']:
             print 'Loading log file <%s> one line at a time...' % fname
             if kw['quiet']:
                 stdout_save = sys.stdout
                 sys.stdout = StringIO.StringIO()
             try:
                 globs,locs = where[0:2]
             except:
                 try:
                     globs = locs = where[0]
                 except:
                     globs = locs = globals()
             badblocks = []
 
             # we also need to identify indented blocks of code when replaying
             # logs and put them together before passing them to an exec
             # statement. This takes a bit of regexp and look-ahead work in the
             # file. It's easiest if we swallow the whole thing in memory
             # first, and manually walk through the lines list moving the
             # counter ourselves.
             indent_re = re.compile('\s+\S')
             xfile = open(fname)
             filelines = xfile.readlines()
             xfile.close()
             nlines = len(filelines)
             lnum = 0
             while lnum < nlines:
                 line = filelines[lnum]
                 lnum += 1
                 # don't re-insert logger status info into cache
                 if line.startswith('#log#'):
                     continue
                 else:
                     # build a block of code (maybe a single line) for execution
                     block = line
                     try:
                         next = filelines[lnum] # lnum has already incremented
                     except:
                         next = None
                     while next and indent_re.match(next):
                         block += next
                         lnum += 1
                         try:
                             next = filelines[lnum]
                         except:
                             next = None
                     # now execute the block of one or more lines
                     try:
                         exec block in globs,locs
                     except SystemExit:
                         pass
                     except:
                         badblocks.append(block.rstrip())
             if kw['quiet']:  # restore stdout
                 sys.stdout.close()
                 sys.stdout = stdout_save
             print 'Finished replaying log file <%s>' % fname
             if badblocks:
                 print >> sys.stderr, ('\nThe following lines/blocks in file '
                                       '<%s> reported errors:' % fname)
                     
                 for badline in badblocks:
                     print >> sys.stderr, badline
         else:  # regular file execution
             try:
                 if sys.platform == 'win32' and sys.version_info < (2,5,1):
                     # Work around a bug in Python for Windows.  The bug was
                     # fixed in in Python 2.5 r54159 and 54158, but that's still
                     # SVN Python as of March/07.  For details, see:
                     # http://projects.scipy.org/ipython/ipython/ticket/123
                     try:
                         globs,locs = where[0:2]
                     except:
                         try:
                             globs = locs = where[0]
                         except:
                             globs = locs = globals()
                     exec file(fname) in globs,locs
                 else:
                     execfile(fname,*where)
             except SyntaxError:
                 self.showsyntaxerror()
                 warn('Failure executing file: <%s>' % fname)
             except SystemExit,status:
                 # Code that correctly sets the exit status flag to success (0)
                 # shouldn't be bothered with a traceback.  Note that a plain
                 # sys.exit() does NOT set the message to 0 (it's empty) so that
                 # will still get a traceback.  Note that the structure of the
                 # SystemExit exception changed between Python 2.4 and 2.5, so
                 # the checks must be done in a version-dependent way.
                 show = False
 
                 if sys.version_info[:2] > (2,5):
                     if status.message!=0 and not kw['exit_ignore']:
                         show = True
                 else:
                     if status.code and not kw['exit_ignore']:
                         show = True
                 if show:
                     self.showtraceback()
                     warn('Failure executing file: <%s>' % fname)
             except:
                 self.showtraceback()
                 warn('Failure executing file: <%s>' % fname)
 
         syspath_cleanup()
 
 #************************* end of file <iplib.py> *****************************