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1 | <html> | |||
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2 | <head> | |||
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3 | <meta http-equiv="Refresh" content="0; url=notebook.html" /> | |||
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4 | <title>Notebook page has move</title> | |||
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5 | </head> | |||
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6 | <body> | |||
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7 | <p>The notebook page has moved to <a href="notebook.html">this link</a>.</p> | |||
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8 | </body> | |||
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9 | </html> |
@@ -157,7 +157,9 b" html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'" | |||||
157 |
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157 | |||
158 | # Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to |
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158 | # Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to | |
159 | # template names. |
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159 | # template names. | |
160 |
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160 | html_additional_pages = { | |
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161 | 'interactive/htmlnotebook': 'htmlnotebook.html', | |||
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162 | } | |||
161 |
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163 | |||
162 | # If false, no module index is generated. |
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164 | # If false, no module index is generated. | |
163 | #html_use_modindex = True |
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165 | #html_use_modindex = True |
@@ -342,7 +342,7 b' Dependencies for the IPython HTML notebook' | |||||
342 | ========================================== |
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342 | ========================================== | |
343 |
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343 | |||
344 | The IPython notebook is a notebook-style web interface to IPython and can be |
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344 | The IPython notebook is a notebook-style web interface to IPython and can be | |
345 | started withe command ``ipython notebook``. |
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345 | started with the command ``ipython notebook``. | |
346 |
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346 | |||
347 | pyzmq |
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347 | pyzmq | |
348 | ----- |
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348 | ----- |
@@ -12,6 +12,6 b' Using IPython for interactive work' | |||||
12 | qtconsole |
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12 | qtconsole | |
13 | notebook |
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13 | notebook | |
14 | nbconvert |
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14 | nbconvert | |
15 | working_remotely |
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15 | public_server | |
16 |
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16 | |||
17 |
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17 |
@@ -67,7 +67,7 b' The currently supported export formats are:' | |||||
67 | * ``--to markdown`` |
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67 | * ``--to markdown`` | |
68 |
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68 | |||
69 | Simple markdown output. Markdown cells are unaffected, |
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69 | Simple markdown output. Markdown cells are unaffected, | |
70 |
and code cells are placed in triple-backtick (`` |
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70 | and code cells are placed in triple-backtick (```````) blocks. | |
71 |
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71 | |||
72 | * ``--to rst`` |
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72 | * ``--to rst`` | |
73 |
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73 |
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3 | The IPython Notebook |
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3 | The IPython Notebook | |
4 | ==================== |
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4 | ==================== | |
5 |
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5 | |||
6 | The IPython Notebook is part of the IPython package, which aims to provide a |
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7 | powerful, interactive approach to scientific computation. |
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8 | The IPython Notebook extends the previous text-console-based approach, and the |
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9 | later Qt console, in a qualitatively new diretion, providing a web-based |
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10 | application suitable for capturing the whole scientific computation process. |
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11 |
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12 | .. seealso:: |
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13 |
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14 | :ref:`Installation requirements <installnotebook>` for the Notebook. |
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15 |
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16 |
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17 | .. Basic structure |
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18 | .. --------------- |
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19 |
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20 | Introduction |
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6 | Introduction | |
21 | ------------ |
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7 | ------------ | |
22 |
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8 | |||
23 | The IPython Notebook combines two components: |
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9 | The notebook extends the console-based approach to interactive computing in | |
24 |
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10 | a qualitatively new direction, providing a web-based application suitable for | ||
25 | * **The IPython Notebook web application**: |
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11 | capturing the whole computation process: developing, documenting, and | |
26 |
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12 | executing code, as well as communicating the results. The IPython notebook | ||
27 | The *IPython Notebook web app* is a browser-based tool for interactive |
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13 | combines two components: | |
28 | authoring of literate computations, in which explanatory text, |
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29 | mathematics, computations and rich media output may be combined. Input |
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30 | and output are stored in persistent cells that may be edited in-place. |
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31 |
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14 | |||
32 | * **Notebook documents**: |
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15 | **A web application**: a browser-based tool for interactive authoring of | |
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16 | documents which combine explanatory text, mathematics, computations and their | |||
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17 | rich media output. | |||
33 |
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18 | |||
34 | *Notebook documents*, or *notebooks*, are plain text documents which |
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19 | **Notebook documents**: a representation of all content visible in the web | |
35 |
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20 | application, including inputs and outputs of the computations, explanatory | |
36 |
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21 | text, mathematics, images, and rich media representations of objects. | |
37 | style. |
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38 |
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22 | |||
39 | Since the similarity in names can lead to some confusion, in this |
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23 | .. seealso:: | |
40 | documentation we will use capitalization of the word "notebook" to |
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41 | distinguish the Notebook app and notebook documents, thinking of the |
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42 | Notebook app as being a proper noun. We will also always refer to the |
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43 | "Notebook app" when we are referring to the browser-based interface, |
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44 | and usually to "notebook documents", instead of "notebooks", for added |
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45 | precision. |
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46 |
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24 | |||
47 | We refer to the current state of the computational process taking place in the |
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25 | See the :ref:`installation documentation <installnotebook>` for directions | |
48 | Notebook app, i.e. the (numbered) sequence of input and output cells, as the |
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26 | on how to install the notebook and its dependencies. | |
49 | *notebook space*. Notebook documents provide an *exact*, *one-to-one* record |
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50 | of all the content in the notebook space, as a plain text file in JSON format. |
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51 | The Notebook app automatically saves, at certain intervals, the contents of |
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52 | the notebook space to a notebook document stored on disk, with the same name |
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53 | as the title of the notebook space, and the file extension ``.ipynb``. For |
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54 | this reason, there is no confusion about using the same word "notebook" for |
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55 | both the notebook space and the corresponding notebook document, since they are |
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56 | really one and the same concept (we could say that they are "isomorphic"). |
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57 |
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27 | |||
58 |
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59 |
Main features of the |
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29 | Main features of the web application | |
60 |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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30 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
61 |
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31 | |||
62 | The main features of the IPython Notebook app include: |
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32 | * In-browser editing for code, with automatic syntax highlighting, | |
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33 | indentation, and tab completion/introspection. | |||
63 |
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34 | |||
64 | * In-browser editing for code, with automatic syntax highlighting and |
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35 | * The ability to execute code from the browser, with the results of | |
65 | indentation and tab completion/introspection. |
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36 | computations attached to the code which generated them. | |
66 |
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37 | |||
67 | * Literate combination of code with rich text using the Markdown_ markup |
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38 | * Displaying the result of computation using rich media representations, such | |
68 | language. |
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39 | as HTML, LaTeX, PNG, SVG, etc. For example, publication-quality figures | |
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40 | rendered by the matplotlib_ library, can be included inline. | |||
69 |
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41 | |||
70 | * Mathematics is easily included within the Markdown using LaTeX notation, and |
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42 | * In-browser editing for rich text using the Markdown_ markup language, which | |
71 | rendered natively by MathJax_. |
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43 | can provide commentary for the code, is not limited to plain text. | |
72 |
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44 | |||
73 | * Displays rich data representations (e.g. HTML / LaTeX / SVG) as the result |
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45 | * The ability to easily include mathematical notation within markdown cells | |
74 | of computations. |
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46 | using LaTeX, and rendered natively by MathJax_. | |
75 |
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47 | |||
76 | * Publication-quality figures in a range of formats (SVG / PNG), rendered by |
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77 | the matplotlib_ library, may be included inline and exported. |
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78 |
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48 | |||
79 |
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49 | |||
80 | .. _MathJax: http://www.mathjax.org/ |
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50 | .. _MathJax: http://www.mathjax.org/ | |
81 | .. _matplotlib: http://matplotlib.org/ |
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82 | .. _Markdown: http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax |
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83 |
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51 | |||
84 |
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52 | |||
85 | Notebook documents |
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53 | Notebook documents | |
86 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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54 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
87 |
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55 | Notebook documents contains the inputs and outputs of a interactive session as | ||
88 | Notebook document files are simple JSON_ files with the |
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56 | well as additional text that accompanies the code but is not meant for | |
89 | extension ``.ipynb``. |
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57 | execution. In this way, notebook files can serve as a complete computational | |
90 | Since JSON is just plain text, they can be easily version-controlled and shared with colleagues. |
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58 | record of a session, interleaving executable code with explanatory text, | |
91 | The notebook stores a *complete*, *reproducible*, *one-to-one* copy of the state of the |
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59 | mathematics, and rich representations of resulting objects. These documents | |
92 | computational state as it is inside the Notebook app. All computations |
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60 | are internally JSON_ files and are saved with the ``.ipynb`` extension. Since | |
93 | carried out, and the corresponding results obtained, can be combined in |
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61 | JSON is a plain text format, they can be version-controlled and shared with | |
94 | a literate way, interleaving executable code with rich text, mathematics, |
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62 | colleagues. | |
95 | and rich representations of objects. |
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63 | ||
96 |
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97 | .. _JSON: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON |
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64 | .. _JSON: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON | |
98 |
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65 | |||
99 |
Notebooks may |
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66 | Notebooks may be exported to a range of static formats, including HTML (for | |
100 |
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67 | example, for blog posts), reStructeredText, LaTeX, PDF, and slide shows, via | |
101 |
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68 | the new :ref:`nbconvert <nbconvert>` command. | |
102 |
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69 | |||
103 | Furthermore, any ``.ipynb`` notebook document available from a public |
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70 | Furthermore, any ``.ipynb`` notebook document available from a public | |
104 |
URL can be shared via the `IPython Notebook Viewer <nbviewer>`_ |
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71 | URL can be shared via the `IPython Notebook Viewer <nbviewer>`_ (nbviewer_). | |
105 |
This service loads the notebook document from the URL and |
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72 | This service loads the notebook document from the URL and renders it as a | |
106 |
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73 | static web page. The results may thus be shared with a colleague, or as a | |
107 |
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74 | public blog post, without other users needing to install IPython themselves. | |
108 | IPython themselves. NbViewer is simply NbConvert as a simple heroku webservice. |
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75 | In effect, nbviewer_ is simply :ref:`nbconvert <nbconvert>` as a web service, | |
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76 | so you can do your own static conversions with nbconvert, without relying on | |||
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77 | nbviewer. | |||
109 |
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78 | |||
110 | See the :ref:`installation documentation <install_index>` for directions on |
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111 | how to install the notebook and its dependencies. |
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112 |
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79 | |||
113 | .. _nbviewer: http://nbviewer.ipython.org |
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114 |
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80 | |||
115 | .. note:: |
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81 | .. seealso:: | |
116 |
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82 | |||
117 | You can start more than one notebook server at the same time, if you want |
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83 | :ref:`Details on the notebook JSON file format <notebook_format>` | |
118 | to work on notebooks in different directories. By default the first |
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119 | notebook server starts on port 8888, and later notebook servers search for |
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120 | ports near that one. You can also manually specify the port with the |
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121 | ``--port`` option. |
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122 |
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84 | |||
123 |
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85 | |||
124 | Basic workflow in the IPython Notebook web app |
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86 | Starting the notebook server | |
125 |
---------------------------- |
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87 | ---------------------------- | |
126 |
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88 | |||
127 | Starting up |
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89 | You can start running a notebook server from the command line using the | |
128 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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90 | following command:: | |
129 |
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91 | ||
130 | You can start running the Notebook web app using the following command:: |
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92 | ipython notebook | |
131 |
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93 | |||
132 | $ ipython notebook |
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94 | This will print some information about the notebook server in your console, | |
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95 | and open a web browser to the URL of the web application (by default, | |||
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96 | ``http://127.0.0.1:8888``). | |||
133 |
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97 | |||
134 | (Here, and in the sequel, the initial ``$`` represents the shell prompt, |
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98 | The landing page of the IPython notebook web application, the **dashboard**, | |
135 | indicating that the command is to be run from the command line in a shell.) |
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99 | shows the notebooks currently available in the notebook directory (by default, | |
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100 | the directory from which the notebook server was started). | |||
136 |
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101 | |||
137 | The landing page of the IPython Notebook application, the *dashboard*, shows |
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138 | the notebooks currently available in the *notebook directory* (By default, the directory |
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139 | from which the notebook was started). |
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140 | You can create new notebooks from the dashboard with the ``New Notebook`` |
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102 | You can create new notebooks from the dashboard with the ``New Notebook`` | |
141 | button, or open existing ones by clicking on their name. |
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103 | button, or open existing ones by clicking on their name. You can also drag | |
142 |
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104 | and drop ``.ipynb`` notebooks and standard ``.py`` Python source code files | |
143 |
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105 | into the notebook list area. | |
144 |
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106 | |||
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107 | When starting a notebook server from the command line, you can also open a | |||
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108 | particular notebook directly, bypassing the dashboard, with ``ipython notebook | |||
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109 | my_notebook.ipynb``. The ``.ipynb`` extension is assumed if no extension is | |||
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110 | given. | |||
145 |
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111 | |||
146 | You can open an existing notebook directly, without having to go via the |
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112 | When you are inside an open notebook, the `File | Open...` menu option will | |
147 | dashboard, with: |
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113 | open the dashboard in a new browser tab, to allow you to open another notebook | |
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114 | from the notebook directory or to create a new notebook. | |||
148 |
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115 | |||
149 | ipython notebook my_notebook |
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150 |
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116 | |||
151 | The `.ipynb` extension is assumed if no extension is given. |
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117 | .. note:: | |
152 |
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118 | |||
153 | The `File | Open...` menu option will open the dashboard in a new browser tab, |
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119 | You can start more than one notebook server at the same time, if you want | |
154 | to allow you to select a current notebook |
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120 | to work on notebooks in different directories. By default the first | |
155 | from the notebook directory or to create a new notebook. |
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121 | notebook server starts on port 8888, and later notebook servers search for | |
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122 | ports near that one. You can also manually specify the port with the | |||
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123 | ``--port`` option. | |||
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124 | ||||
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125 | Creating a new notebook document | |||
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126 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |||
156 |
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127 | |||
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128 | A new notebook may be created at any time, either from the dashboard, or using | |||
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129 | the `File | New` menu option from within an active notebook. The new notebook | |||
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130 | is created within the same directory and will open in a new browser tab. It | |||
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131 | will also be reflected as a new entry in the notebook list on the dashboard. | |||
157 |
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132 | |||
158 |
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133 | |||
159 | Notebook user interface |
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134 | Opening notebooks | |
160 |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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135 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
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136 | An open notebook has **exactly one** interactive session connected to an | |||
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137 | :ref:`IPython kernel <ipythonzmq>`, which will execute code sent by the user | |||
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138 | and communicate back results. This kernel remains active if the web browser | |||
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139 | window is closed, and reopening the same notebook from the dashboard will | |||
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140 | reconnect the web application to the same kernel. In the dashboard, notebooks | |||
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141 | with an active kernel have a ``Shutdown`` button next to them, whereas | |||
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142 | notebooks without an active kernel have a ``Delete`` button in its place. | |||
161 |
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143 | |||
162 | When you open a new notebook document in the Notebook, you will be presented |
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144 | Other clients may connect to the same underlying IPython kernel. | |
163 | with the title associated to the notebook space/document, a *menu bar*, a |
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145 | The notebook server always prints to the terminal the full details of | |
164 | *toolbar* and an empty *input cell*. |
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146 | how to connect to each kernel, with messages such as the following:: | |
165 |
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147 | ||
166 | Notebook title |
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148 | [NotebookApp] Kernel started: 87f7d2c0-13e3-43df-8bb8-1bd37aaf3373 | |
167 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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168 | The title of the notebook document that is currently being edited is displayed |
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169 | at the top of the page, next to the ``IP[y]: Notebook`` logo. This title may |
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170 | be edited directly by clicking on it. The title is reflected in the name of |
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171 | the ``.ipynb`` notebook document file that is saved. |
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172 |
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149 | |||
173 | Menu bar |
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150 | This long string is the kernel's ID which is sufficient for getting the | |
174 | ^^^^^^^^ |
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151 | information necessary to connect to the kernel. You can also request this | |
175 | The menu bar presents different options that may be used to manipulate the way |
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152 | connection data by running the ``%connect_info`` :ref:`magic | |
176 | the Notebook functions. |
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153 | <magics_explained>`. This will print the same ID information as well as the | |
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154 | content of the JSON data structure it contains. | |||
177 |
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155 | |||
178 | Toolbar |
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156 | You can then, for example, manually start a Qt console connected to the *same* | |
179 | ^^^^^^^ |
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157 | kernel from the command line, by passing a portion of the ID:: | |
180 | The tool bar gives a quick way of accessing the most-used operations within |
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181 | the Notebook, by clicking on an icon. |
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182 |
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158 | ||
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159 | $ ipython qtconsole --existing 87f7d2c0 | |||
183 |
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160 | |||
184 | Creating a new notebook document |
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161 | Without an ID, ``--existing`` will connect to the most recently | |
185 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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162 | started kernel. This can also be done by running the ``%qtconsole`` | |
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163 | :ref:`magic <magics_explained>` in the notebook. | |||
186 |
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164 | |||
187 | A new notebook space/document may be created at any time, either from the |
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165 | .. seealso:: | |
188 | dashboard, or using the `File | New` menu option from within an active |
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189 | notebook. The new notebook is created within the same directory and |
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190 | will open in a new browser tab. It will also be reflected as a new entry in |
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191 | the notebook list on the dashboard. |
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192 |
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166 | |||
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167 | :ref:`ipythonzmq` | |||
193 |
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168 | |||
194 | Structure of a notebook document |
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169 | Notebook user interface | |
195 |
----------------------- |
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170 | ----------------------- | |
196 |
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171 | |||
197 | Input cells |
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172 | When you create a new notebook document, you will be presented with the | |
198 | ~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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173 | **notebook name**, a **menu bar**, a **toolbar** and an empty **code | |
199 | Input cells are at the core of the functionality of the IPython Notebook. |
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174 | cell**. | |
200 | They are regions in the document in which you can enter different types of |
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201 | text and commands. To *execute* or *run* the *current cell*, i.e. the cell |
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202 | under the cursor, you can use the :kbd:`Shift-Enter` key combination. |
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203 | This tells the Notebook app to perform the relevant operation for each type of |
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204 | cell (see below), and then to display the resulting output. |
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205 |
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175 | |||
206 | The notebook consists of a sequence of input cells, labelled ``In[n]``, which |
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176 | **notebook name**: The name of the notebook document is displayed at the top | |
207 | may be executed in a non-linear way, and outputs ``Out[n]``, where ``n`` is a |
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177 | of the page, next to the ``IP[y]: Notebook`` logo. This name reflects the name | |
208 | number which denotes the order in which the cells were executed over the |
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178 | of the ``.ipynb`` notebook document file. Clicking on the notebook name | |
209 | history of the computational process. The contents of all of these cells are |
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179 | brings up a dialog which allows you to rename it. Thus, renaming a notebook | |
210 | accessible as Python variables with the same names, forming a complete record |
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180 | from "Untitled0" to "My first notebook" in the browser, renames the | |
211 | of the history of the computation. |
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181 | ``Untitled0.ipynb`` file to ``My first notebook.ipynb``. | |
212 |
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182 | |||
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183 | **menu bar**: The menu bar presents different options that may be used to | |||
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184 | manipulate the way the notebook functions. | |||
213 |
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185 | |||
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186 | **toolbar**: The tool bar gives a quick way of performing the most-used | |||
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187 | operations within the notebook, by clicking on an icon. | |||
214 |
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188 | |||
215 | Input cell types |
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189 | **code cell**: the default type of cell, read on for an explanation of cells | |
216 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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217 | Each IPython input cell has a *cell type*, of which there is a restricted |
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218 | number. The type of a cell may be set by using the cell type dropdown on the |
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219 | toolbar, or via the following keyboard shortcuts: |
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220 |
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190 | |||
221 | * **code**: :kbd:`Ctrl-m y` |
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222 | * **markdown**: :kbd:`Ctrl-m m` |
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223 | * **raw**: :kbd:`Ctrl-m t` |
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224 | * **heading**: :kbd:`Ctrl-m 1` - :kbd:`Ctrl-m 6` |
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225 |
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191 | |||
226 | Upon initial creation, each input cell is by default a code cell. |
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192 | Structure of a notebook document | |
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193 | -------------------------------- | |||
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194 | ||||
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195 | The notebook consists of a sequence of cells. A cell is a multi-line | |||
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196 | text input field, and its contents can be executed by using | |||
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197 | :kbd:`Shift-Enter`, or by clicking either the "Play" button the toolbar, or | |||
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198 | `Cell | Run` in the menu bar. The execution behavior of a cell is determined | |||
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199 | the cell's type. There are four types of cells: **code cells**, **markdown | |||
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200 | cells**, **raw cells** and **heading cells**. Every cell starts off | |||
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201 | being a **code cell**, but its type can be changed by using a dropdown on the | |||
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202 | toolbar (which will be "Code", initially), or via :ref:`keyboard shortcuts | |||
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203 | <keyboard-shortcuts>`. | |||
227 |
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204 | |||
228 |
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205 | |||
229 | Code cells |
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206 | Code cells | |
230 | ^^^^^^^^^^ |
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207 | ~~~~~~~~~~ | |
231 |
A *code |
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208 | A *code cell* allows you to edit and write new code, with full syntax | |
232 |
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209 | highlighting and tab completion. By default, the language associated to a code | |
233 |
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210 | cell is Python, but other languages, such as ``Julia`` and ``R``, can be | |
234 | and ``R``, can be handled using magic commands (see below). |
|
211 | handled using :ref:`cell magic commands <magics_explained>`. | |
235 |
|
212 | |||
236 | When a code cell is executed with :kbd:`Shift-Enter`, the code that it |
|
213 | When a code cell is executed, code that it contains is sent to the kernel | |
237 | contains is transparently exported and run in that language (with automatic |
|
214 | associated with the notebook. The results that are returned from this | |
238 | compiling, etc., if necessary). The result that is returned from this |
|
215 | computation are then displayed in the notebook as the cell's *output*. The | |
239 | computation is then displayed in the notebook space as the cell's |
|
216 | output is not limited to text, with many other possible forms of output are | |
240 | *output*. If this output is of a textual nature, it is placed into a |
|
217 | also possible, including ``matplotlib`` figures and HTML tables (as used, for | |
241 | numbered *output cell*. However, many other possible forms of output are also |
|
218 | example, in the ``pandas`` data analysis package). This is known as IPython's | |
242 | possible, including ``matplotlib`` figures and HTML tables (as used, for |
|
|||
243 | example, in the ``pandas`` data analyis package). This is known as IPython's |
|
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244 | *rich display* capability. |
|
219 | *rich display* capability. | |
245 |
|
220 | |||
|
221 | .. seealso:: | |||
|
222 | ||||
|
223 | `Basic Output`_ example notebook | |||
|
224 | ||||
|
225 | `Rich Display System`_ example notebook | |||
246 |
|
226 | |||
247 | Markdown cells |
|
227 | Markdown cells | |
248 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
|
228 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
249 | You can document the computational process in a literate way, alternating |
|
229 | You can document the computational process in a literate way, alternating | |
250 | descriptive text with code, using *rich text*. In IPython this is accomplished |
|
230 | descriptive text with code, using *rich text*. In IPython this is accomplished | |
251 | by marking up text with the Markdown language. The corresponding cells are |
|
231 | by marking up text with the Markdown language. The corresponding cells are | |
252 |
called *Markdown |
|
232 | called *Markdown cells*. The Markdown language provides a simple way to | |
253 | perform this text markup, that is, to specify which parts of the text should |
|
233 | perform this text markup, that is, to specify which parts of the text should | |
254 | be emphasized (italics), bold, form lists, etc. |
|
234 | be emphasized (italics), bold, form lists, etc. | |
255 |
|
235 | |||
256 |
|
236 | |||
257 |
When a Markdown |
|
237 | When a Markdown cell is executed, the Markdown code is converted into | |
258 | the corresponding formatted rich text. This output then *replaces* the |
|
238 | the corresponding formatted rich text. Markdown allows arbitrary HTML code for | |
259 | original Markdown input cell, leaving just the visually-significant marked up |
|
239 | formatting. | |
260 | rich text. Markdown allows arbitrary HTML code for formatting. |
|
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261 |
|
240 | |||
262 | Within Markdown cells, you can also include *mathematics* in a straightforward |
|
241 | Within Markdown cells, you can also include *mathematics* in a straightforward | |
263 | way, using standard LaTeX notation: ``$...$`` for inline mathematics and |
|
242 | way, using standard LaTeX notation: ``$...$`` for inline mathematics and | |
@@ -274,17 +253,21 b' Standard mathematics environments defined by LaTeX and AMS-LaTeX (the' | |||||
274 | New LaTeX macros may be defined using standard methods, |
|
253 | New LaTeX macros may be defined using standard methods, | |
275 | such as ``\newcommand``, by placing them anywhere *between math delimiters* in |
|
254 | such as ``\newcommand``, by placing them anywhere *between math delimiters* in | |
276 | a Markdown cell. These definitions are then available throughout the rest of |
|
255 | a Markdown cell. These definitions are then available throughout the rest of | |
277 | the IPython session. (Note, however, that more care must be taken when using |
|
256 | the IPython session. | |
278 | nbconvert_ to output to LaTeX). |
|
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279 |
|
257 | |||
280 | Raw input cells |
|
258 | .. seealso:: | |
281 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
|
|||
282 |
|
259 | |||
283 | *Raw* input cells provide a place in which you can write *output* directly. |
|
260 | `Markdown Cells`_ example notebook | |
284 | Raw cells are not evaluated by the Notebook, and have no output. |
|
261 | ||
285 | When passed through nbconvert, Raw cells arrive in the destination format unmodified, |
|
262 | Raw cells | |
286 | allowing you to type full latex into a raw cell, which will only be rendered |
|
263 | ~~~~~~~~~ | |
287 | by latex after conversion by nbconvert. |
|
264 | ||
|
265 | *Raw* cells provide a place in which you can write *output* directly. | |||
|
266 | Raw cells are not evaluated by the notebook. | |||
|
267 | When passed through :ref:`nbconvert <nbconvert>`, raw cells arrive in the | |||
|
268 | destination format unmodified. For example, this allows you to type full LaTeX | |||
|
269 | into a raw cell, which will only be rendered by LaTeX after conversion by | |||
|
270 | nbconvert. | |||
288 |
|
271 | |||
289 | Heading cells |
|
272 | Heading cells | |
290 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
|
273 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
@@ -292,10 +275,9 b' Heading cells' | |||||
292 | You can provide a conceptual structure for your computational document as a |
|
275 | You can provide a conceptual structure for your computational document as a | |
293 | whole using different levels of headings; there are 6 levels available, from |
|
276 | whole using different levels of headings; there are 6 levels available, from | |
294 | level 1 (top level) down to level 6 (paragraph). These can be used later for |
|
277 | level 1 (top level) down to level 6 (paragraph). These can be used later for | |
295 | constructing tables of contents, etc. |
|
278 | constructing tables of contents, etc. As with Markdown cells, a heading | |
296 |
|
279 | cell is replaced by a rich text rendering of the heading when the cell is | ||
297 | As with Markdown cells, a heading input cell is replaced by a rich text |
|
280 | executed. | |
298 | rendering of the heading when the cell is executed. |
|
|||
299 |
|
281 | |||
300 |
|
282 | |||
301 | Basic workflow |
|
283 | Basic workflow | |
@@ -304,50 +286,36 b' Basic workflow' | |||||
304 | The normal workflow in a notebook is, then, quite similar to a standard |
|
286 | The normal workflow in a notebook is, then, quite similar to a standard | |
305 | IPython session, with the difference that you can edit cells in-place multiple |
|
287 | IPython session, with the difference that you can edit cells in-place multiple | |
306 | times until you obtain the desired results, rather than having to |
|
288 | times until you obtain the desired results, rather than having to | |
307 |
rerun separate scripts with the ``%run`` magic command. |
|
289 | rerun separate scripts with the ``%run`` magic command. | |
308 | however, also work in the notebook; see below). |
|
290 | ||
309 |
|
291 | |||
310 | Typically, you will work on a computational problem in pieces, organizing |
|
292 | Typically, you will work on a computational problem in pieces, organizing | |
311 | related ideas into cells and moving forward once previous parts work |
|
293 | related ideas into cells and moving forward once previous parts work | |
312 | correctly. This is much more convenient for interactive exploration than |
|
294 | correctly. This is much more convenient for interactive exploration than | |
313 | breaking up a computation into scripts that must be executed together, as was |
|
295 | breaking up a computation into scripts that must be executed together, as was | |
314 | previously necessary, especially if parts of them take a long time to run |
|
296 | previously necessary, especially if parts of them take a long time to run. | |
315 |
|
||||
316 | The only significant limitation that the Notebook currently has, compared to |
|
|||
317 | the Qt console, is that it cannot run any code that expects input from the |
|
|||
318 | kernel (such as scripts that call :func:`raw_input`). Very importantly, this |
|
|||
319 | means that the ``%debug`` magic does *not* currently work in the notebook! |
|
|||
320 |
|
||||
321 | This limitation will be overcome in the future, but in the meantime, there is |
|
|||
322 | a simple solution for debugging: you can attach a Qt console to your existing |
|
|||
323 | notebook kernel, and run ``%debug`` from the Qt console. |
|
|||
324 | If your notebook is running on a local computer (i.e. if you are accessing it |
|
|||
325 | via your localhost address at ``127.0.0.1``), then you can just type |
|
|||
326 | ``%qtconsole`` in the notebook and a Qt console will open up, connected to |
|
|||
327 | that same kernel. |
|
|||
328 |
|
297 | |||
329 | At certain moments, it may be necessary to interrupt a calculation which is |
|
298 | At certain moments, it may be necessary to interrupt a calculation which is | |
330 |
taking too long to complete. This may be done with the |
|
299 | taking too long to complete. This may be done with the `Kernel | Interrupt` | |
331 |
menu option, or the :kbd: |
|
300 | menu option, or the :kbd:`Ctrl-m i` keyboard shortcut. | |
332 | Similarly, it may be necessary or desirable to restart the whole computational |
|
301 | Similarly, it may be necessary or desirable to restart the whole computational | |
333 |
process, with the |
|
302 | process, with the `Kernel | Restart` menu option or :kbd:`Ctrl-m .` | |
334 | shortcut. This gives an equivalent state to loading the notebook document |
|
303 | shortcut. | |
335 | afresh. |
|
|||
336 |
|
304 | |||
337 |
|
305 | A notebook may be downloaded in either a ``.ipynb`` or ``.py`` file from the | ||
338 | .. warning:: |
|
306 | menu option `File | Download as`. Choosing the ``.py`` option downloads a | |
|
307 | Python ``.py`` script, in which all rich output has been removed and the | |||
|
308 | content of markdown cells have been inserted as comments. | |||
339 |
|
309 | |||
340 | While in simple cases you can "roundtrip" a notebook to Python, edit the |
|
310 | .. seealso:: | |
341 | Python file, and then import it back without loss of main content, this is |
|
311 | ||
342 | in general *not guaranteed to work*. First, there is extra metadata |
|
312 | `Running Code in the IPython Notebook`_ example notebook | |
343 | saved in the notebook that may not be saved to the ``.py`` format. And as |
|
313 | ||
344 | the notebook format evolves in complexity, there will be attributes of the |
|
314 | `Basic Output`_ example notebook | |
345 | notebook that will not survive a roundtrip through the Python form. You |
|
315 | ||
346 | should think of the Python format as a way to output a script version of a |
|
316 | :ref:`a warning about doing "roundtrip" conversions <note_about_roundtrip>`. | |
347 | notebook and the import capabilities as a way to load existing code to get |
|
|||
348 | a notebook started. But the Python version is *not* an alternate notebook |
|
|||
349 | format. |
|
|||
350 |
|
317 | |||
|
318 | .. _keyboard-shortcuts: | |||
351 |
|
319 | |||
352 | Keyboard shortcuts |
|
320 | Keyboard shortcuts | |
353 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
|
321 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
@@ -357,10 +325,10 b' to remember are the following:' | |||||
357 |
|
325 | |||
358 | * :kbd:`Shift-Enter`: run cell |
|
326 | * :kbd:`Shift-Enter`: run cell | |
359 | Execute the current cell, show output (if any), and jump to the next cell |
|
327 | Execute the current cell, show output (if any), and jump to the next cell | |
360 |
below. If :kbd:`Shift-Enter` is invoked on the last |
|
328 | below. If :kbd:`Shift-Enter` is invoked on the last cell, a new code | |
361 | cell will also be created. Note that in the notebook, typing :kbd:`Enter` |
|
329 | cell will also be created. Note that in the notebook, typing :kbd:`Enter` | |
362 | on its own *never* forces execution, but rather just inserts a new line in |
|
330 | on its own *never* forces execution, but rather just inserts a new line in | |
363 |
the current |
|
331 | the current cell. :kbd:`Shift-Enter` is equivalent to clicking the | |
364 | ``Cell | Run`` menu item. |
|
332 | ``Cell | Run`` menu item. | |
365 |
|
333 | |||
366 | * :kbd:`Ctrl-Enter`: run cell in-place |
|
334 | * :kbd:`Ctrl-Enter`: run cell in-place | |
@@ -373,7 +341,7 b' to remember are the following:' | |||||
373 | to be saved in the notebook. |
|
341 | to be saved in the notebook. | |
374 |
|
342 | |||
375 | * :kbd:`Alt-Enter`: run cell, insert below |
|
343 | * :kbd:`Alt-Enter`: run cell, insert below | |
376 |
Executes the current cell, shows the output, and inserts a *new* |
|
344 | Executes the current cell, shows the output, and inserts a *new* | |
377 | cell between the current cell and the cell below (if one exists). This |
|
345 | cell between the current cell and the cell below (if one exists). This | |
378 | is thus a shortcut for the sequence :kbd:`Shift-Enter`, :kbd:`Ctrl-m a`. |
|
346 | is thus a shortcut for the sequence :kbd:`Shift-Enter`, :kbd:`Ctrl-m a`. | |
379 | (:kbd:`Ctrl-m a` adds a new cell above the current one.) |
|
347 | (:kbd:`Ctrl-m a` adds a new cell above the current one.) | |
@@ -425,96 +393,19 b' Ctrl-m h show keyboard shortcuts' | |||||
425 |
|
393 | |||
426 |
|
394 | |||
427 |
|
395 | |||
428 | Magic commands |
|
|||
429 | -------------- |
|
|||
430 | Magic commands, or *magics*, are commands for controlling IPython itself. |
|
|||
431 | They all begin with ``%`` and are entered into code input cells; the code |
|
|||
432 | cells are executed as usual with :kbd:`Shift-Enter`. |
|
|||
433 |
|
||||
434 | The magic commands call special functions defined by IPython which manipulate |
|
|||
435 | the computational state in certain ways. |
|
|||
436 |
|
||||
437 | There are two types of magics: |
|
|||
438 |
|
||||
439 | - **line magics**: |
|
|||
440 |
|
||||
441 | These begin with a single ``%`` and take as arguments the rest of the |
|
|||
442 | *same line* of the code cell. Any other lines of the code cell are |
|
|||
443 | treated as if they were part of a standard code cell. |
|
|||
444 |
|
||||
445 | - **cell magics**: |
|
|||
446 |
|
||||
447 | These begin with ``%%`` and operate on the *entire* remaining contents |
|
|||
448 | of the code cell. |
|
|||
449 |
|
||||
450 | Line magics |
|
|||
451 | ~~~~~~~~~~~ |
|
|||
452 | Some of the available line magics are the following: |
|
|||
453 |
|
||||
454 | * ``%load filename``: |
|
|||
455 |
|
||||
456 | Loads the contents of the file ``filename`` into a new code cell. This |
|
|||
457 | can be a URL for a remote file. |
|
|||
458 |
|
||||
459 | * ``%timeit code``: |
|
|||
460 |
|
||||
461 | An easy way to time how long the single line of code ``code`` takes to |
|
|||
462 | run |
|
|||
463 |
|
||||
464 | * ``%config``: |
|
|||
465 |
|
||||
466 | Configuration of the IPython Notebook |
|
|||
467 |
|
||||
468 | * ``%lsmagic``: |
|
|||
469 |
|
||||
470 | Provides a list of all available magic commands |
|
|||
471 |
|
||||
472 | Cell magics |
|
|||
473 | ~~~~~~~~~~~ |
|
|||
474 |
|
||||
475 | * ``%%latex``: |
|
|||
476 |
|
||||
477 | Renders the entire contents of the cell in LaTeX, without needing to use |
|
|||
478 | explicit LaTeX delimiters. |
|
|||
479 |
|
||||
480 | * ``%%bash``: |
|
|||
481 |
|
||||
482 | The code cell is executed by sending it to be executed by ``bash``. The |
|
|||
483 | output of the ``bash`` commands is captured and displayed in the |
|
|||
484 | notebook. |
|
|||
485 |
|
||||
486 | * ``%%file filename``: |
|
|||
487 |
|
||||
488 | Writes the contents of the cell to the file ``filename``. |
|
|||
489 | **Caution**: The file is over-written without warning! |
|
|||
490 |
|
||||
491 | * ``%%R``: |
|
|||
492 |
|
||||
493 | Execute the contents of the cell using the R language. |
|
|||
494 |
|
||||
495 | * ``%%timeit``: |
|
|||
496 |
|
||||
497 | Version of ``%timeit`` which times the entire block of code in the |
|
|||
498 | current code cell. |
|
|||
499 |
|
||||
500 |
|
||||
501 |
|
||||
502 | Several of the cell magics provide functionality to manipulate the filesystem |
|
|||
503 | of a remote server to which you otherwise do not have access. |
|
|||
504 |
|
396 | |||
505 |
|
397 | |||
506 | Plotting |
|
398 | Plotting | |
507 | -------- |
|
399 | -------- | |
508 |
One major feature of the |
|
400 | One major feature of the notebook is the ability to display plots that are the | |
509 |
|
|
401 | output of running code cells. IPython is designed to work seamlessly with the | |
510 |
|
|
402 | matplotlib_ plotting library to provide this functionality. | |
511 | functionality. |
|
|||
512 |
|
403 | |||
513 | To set this up, before any plotting is performed you must execute the |
|
404 | To set this up, before any plotting is performed you must execute the | |
514 |
``%matplotlib`` magic command. This performs the |
|
405 | ``%matplotlib`` :ref:`magic command <magics_explained>`. This performs the | |
515 |
setup for IPython to work correctly hand in hand |
|
406 | necessary behind-the-scenes setup for IPython to work correctly hand in hand | |
516 | *not*, however, actually execute any Python ``import`` commands, that is, no |
|
407 | with ``matplotlib``; it does *not*, however, actually execute any Python | |
517 | names are added to the namespace. |
|
408 | ``import`` commands, that is, no names are added to the namespace. | |
518 |
|
409 | |||
519 | If the ``%matplotlib`` magic is called without an argument, the |
|
410 | If the ``%matplotlib`` magic is called without an argument, the | |
520 | output of a plotting command is displayed using the default ``matplotlib`` |
|
411 | output of a plotting command is displayed using the default ``matplotlib`` | |
@@ -523,25 +414,24 b' requested using, for example::' | |||||
523 |
|
414 | |||
524 | %matplotlib gtk |
|
415 | %matplotlib gtk | |
525 |
|
416 | |||
526 |
A particularly interesting backend is the ``inline`` |
|
417 | A particularly interesting backend, provided by IPython, is the ``inline`` | |
527 |
This is a |
|
418 | backend. This is available only for the IPython Notebook and the | |
528 | It can be invoked as follows:: |
|
419 | :ref:`IPython QtConsole <qtconsole>`. It can be invoked as follows:: | |
529 |
|
420 | |||
530 | %matplotlib inline |
|
421 | %matplotlib inline | |
531 |
|
422 | |||
532 |
With this backend, output of plotting commands is displayed *inline* |
|
423 | With this backend, the output of plotting commands is displayed *inline* | |
533 |
the notebook |
|
424 | within the notebook, directly below the code cell that produced it. The | |
534 |
resulting plots will then also be stored in the notebook document. |
|
425 | resulting plots will then also be stored in the notebook document. | |
535 | provides a key part of the functionality for reproducibility_ that the IPython |
|
|||
536 | Notebook provides. |
|
|||
537 |
|
426 | |||
538 | .. _reproducibility: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproducibility |
|
427 | .. seealso:: | |
539 |
|
428 | |||
|
429 | `Plotting with Matplotlib`_ example notebook | |||
540 |
|
430 | |||
541 |
|
431 | |||
542 | Configuring the IPython Notebook |
|
432 | Configuring the IPython Notebook | |
543 | -------------------------------- |
|
433 | -------------------------------- | |
544 |
The |
|
434 | The notebook server can be run with a variety of command line arguments. | |
545 | To see a list of available options enter:: |
|
435 | To see a list of available options enter:: | |
546 |
|
436 | |||
547 | $ ipython notebook --help |
|
437 | $ ipython notebook --help | |
@@ -558,24 +448,45 b' on available options, use::' | |||||
558 |
|
448 | |||
559 | $ ipython profile create |
|
449 | $ ipython profile create | |
560 |
|
450 | |||
561 | .. seealso: |
|
451 | .. seealso:: | |
562 |
|
452 | |||
563 | :ref:`config_overview`, in particular :ref:`Profiles`. |
|
453 | :ref:`config_overview`, in particular :ref:`Profiles`. | |
|
454 | ||||
|
455 | :ref:`notebook_security` | |||
564 |
|
456 | |||
|
457 | :ref:`notebook_public_server` | |||
565 |
|
458 | |||
566 | Importing `.py` files |
|
|||
567 | ---------------------- |
|
|||
568 |
|
459 | |||
|
460 | Importing ``.py`` files | |||
|
461 | ----------------------- | |||
569 |
|
462 | |||
570 |
``.py`` files will be imported |
|
463 | ``.py`` files will be imported as a notebook with | |
571 | the same basename, but an ``.ipynb`` extension, located in the notebook |
|
464 | the same basename, but an ``.ipynb`` extension, located in the notebook | |
572 | directory. The notebook created will have just one cell, which will contain |
|
465 | directory. The notebook created will have just one cell, which will contain | |
573 | all the code in the ``.py`` file. You can later manually partition this into |
|
466 | all the code in the ``.py`` file. You can later manually partition this into | |
574 | individual cells using the ``Edit | Split Cell`` menu option, or the |
|
467 | individual cells using the ``Edit | Split Cell`` menu option, or the | |
575 | :kbd:`Ctrl-m -` keyboard shortcut. |
|
468 | :kbd:`Ctrl-m -` keyboard shortcut. | |
576 |
|
469 | |||
577 | .. Alternatively, prior to importing the ``.py``, you can manually add ``# < |
|
470 | Note that ``.py`` scripts obtained from a notebook document using nbconvert_ | |
578 | nbformat>2</nbformat>`` at the start of the file, and then add separators for |
|
471 | maintain the structure of the notebook in comments. Reimporting such a | |
579 | text and code cells, to get a cleaner import with the file already broken into |
|
472 | script back into a notebook will preserve this structure. | |
580 | individual cells. |
|
473 | ||
|
474 | .. _note_about_roundtrip: | |||
|
475 | ||||
|
476 | .. warning:: | |||
|
477 | ||||
|
478 | While in simple cases you can "roundtrip" a notebook to Python, edit the | |||
|
479 | Python file, and then import it back without loss of main content, this is | |||
|
480 | in general *not guaranteed to work*. First, there is extra metadata | |||
|
481 | saved in the notebook that may not be saved to the ``.py`` format. And as | |||
|
482 | the notebook format evolves in complexity, there will be attributes of the | |||
|
483 | notebook that will not survive a roundtrip through the Python form. You | |||
|
484 | should think of the Python format as a way to output a script version of a | |||
|
485 | notebook and the import capabilities as a way to load existing code to get | |||
|
486 | a notebook started. But the Python version is *not* an alternate notebook | |||
|
487 | format. | |||
|
488 | ||||
|
489 | .. seealso:: | |||
|
490 | :ref:`notebook_format` | |||
581 |
|
491 | |||
|
492 | .. include:: ../links.txt |
@@ -1,20 +1,28 b'' | |||||
1 | .. _working_remotely.txt |
|
1 | .. _working_remotely.txt | |
2 |
|
2 | |||
3 | Working remotely |
|
3 | Running a notebook server | |
4 | ================ |
|
4 | ========================= | |
5 |
|
5 | |||
6 |
|
6 | |||
7 | The IPython Notebook web app is based on a server-client structure. |
|
7 | The :ref:`IPython notebook <htmlnotebook>` web-application is based on a | |
8 | This server uses a two-process kernel architecture based on ZeroMQ, as well as |
|
8 | server-client structure. This server uses a :ref:`two-process kernel | |
9 | Tornado for serving HTTP requests. Other clients may connect to the same |
|
9 | architecture <ipythonzmq>` based on ZeroMQ_, as well as Tornado_ for serving | |
10 | underlying IPython kernel; see below. |
|
10 | HTTP requests. By default, a notebook server runs on http://127.0.0.1:8888/ | |
|
11 | and is accessible only from `localhost`. This document describes how you can | |||
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12 | :ref:`secure a notebook server <notebook_security>` and how to :ref:`run it on | |||
|
13 | a public interface <notebook_public_server>`. | |||
|
14 | ||||
|
15 | .. _ZeroMQ: http://zeromq.org | |||
|
16 | ||||
|
17 | .. _Tornado: http://www.tornadoweb.org | |||
|
18 | ||||
11 |
|
19 | |||
12 |
|
|
20 | .. _notebook_security: | |
13 |
|
21 | |||
14 | Security |
|
22 | Notebook security | |
15 | -------- |
|
23 | ----------------- | |
16 |
|
24 | |||
17 |
You can protect your |
|
25 | You can protect your notebook server with a simple single password by | |
18 | setting the :attr:`NotebookApp.password` configurable. You can prepare a |
|
26 | setting the :attr:`NotebookApp.password` configurable. You can prepare a | |
19 | hashed password using the function :func:`IPython.lib.security.passwd`: |
|
27 | hashed password using the function :func:`IPython.lib.security.passwd`: | |
20 |
|
28 | |||
@@ -58,10 +66,9 b' the command::' | |||||
58 | Your browser will warn you of a dangerous certificate because it is |
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66 | Your browser will warn you of a dangerous certificate because it is | |
59 | self-signed. If you want to have a fully compliant certificate that will not |
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67 | self-signed. If you want to have a fully compliant certificate that will not | |
60 | raise warnings, it is possible (but rather involved) to obtain one, |
|
68 | raise warnings, it is possible (but rather involved) to obtain one, | |
61 |
|
|
69 | as explained in detail in `this tutorial`__. | |
62 |
|
70 | |||
63 | .. __: http://arstechnica.com/security/news/2009/12/how-to-get-set-with-a- |
|
71 | .. __: http://arstechnica.com/security/news/2009/12/how-to-get-set-with-a-secure-sertificate-for-free.ars | |
64 | secure-sertificate-for-free.ars |
|
|||
65 |
|
72 | |||
66 | Keep in mind that when you enable SSL support, you will need to access the |
|
73 | Keep in mind that when you enable SSL support, you will need to access the | |
67 | notebook server over ``https://``, not over plain ``http://``. The startup |
|
74 | notebook server over ``https://``, not over plain ``http://``. The startup | |
@@ -69,32 +76,7 b' message from the server prints this, but it is easy to overlook and think the' | |||||
69 | server is for some reason non-responsive. |
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76 | server is for some reason non-responsive. | |
70 |
|
77 | |||
71 |
|
78 | |||
72 | Connecting to an existing kernel |
|
79 | .. _notebook_public_server: | |
73 | --------------------------------- |
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74 |
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||||
75 | The notebook server always prints to the terminal the full details of |
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76 | how to connect to each kernel, with messages such as the following:: |
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77 |
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||||
78 | [IPKernelApp] To connect another client to this kernel, use: |
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79 | [IPKernelApp] --existing kernel-3bb93edd-6b5a-455c-99c8-3b658f45dde5.json |
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80 |
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||||
81 | This long string is the name of a JSON file that contains all the port and |
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82 | validation information necessary to connect to the kernel. You can then, for |
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83 | example, manually start a Qt console connected to the *same* kernel with:: |
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84 |
|
||||
85 | $ ipython qtconsole --existing |
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86 | kernel-3bb93edd-6b5a-455c-99c8-3b658f45dde5.json |
|
|||
87 |
|
||||
88 | If you have only a single kernel running, simply typing:: |
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89 |
|
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90 | $ ipython qtconsole --existing |
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91 |
|
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92 | will automatically find it. (It will always find the most recently |
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93 | started kernel if there is more than one.) You can also request this |
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94 | connection data by typing ``%connect_info``; this will print the same |
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95 | file information as well as the content of the JSON data structure it |
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96 | contains. |
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97 |
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||||
98 |
|
80 | |||
99 | Running a public notebook server |
|
81 | Running a public notebook server | |
100 | -------------------------------- |
|
82 | -------------------------------- | |
@@ -147,8 +129,8 b' modifying ``ipython_notebook_config.py``)::' | |||||
147 | Using a different notebook store |
|
129 | Using a different notebook store | |
148 | -------------------------------- |
|
130 | -------------------------------- | |
149 |
|
131 | |||
150 |
By default, the |
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132 | By default, the notebook server stores the notebook documents that it saves as | |
151 |
files in the working directory of the |
|
133 | files in the working directory of the notebook server, also known as the | |
152 | ``notebook_dir``. This logic is implemented in the |
|
134 | ``notebook_dir``. This logic is implemented in the | |
153 | :class:`FileNotebookManager` class. However, the server can be configured to |
|
135 | :class:`FileNotebookManager` class. However, the server can be configured to | |
154 | use a different notebook manager class, which can |
|
136 | use a different notebook manager class, which can | |
@@ -173,9 +155,9 b' Known issues' | |||||
173 | ------------ |
|
155 | ------------ | |
174 |
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156 | |||
175 | When behind a proxy, especially if your system or browser is set to autodetect |
|
157 | When behind a proxy, especially if your system or browser is set to autodetect | |
176 |
the proxy, the |
|
158 | the proxy, the notebook web application might fail to connect to the server's | |
177 |
and present you with a warning at startup. In this case, you need |
|
159 | websockets, and present you with a warning at startup. In this case, you need | |
178 | your system not to use the proxy for the server's address. |
|
160 | to configure your system not to use the proxy for the server's address. | |
179 |
|
161 | |||
180 | For example, in Firefox, go to the Preferences panel, Advanced section, |
|
162 | For example, in Firefox, go to the Preferences panel, Advanced section, | |
181 | Network tab, click 'Settings...', and add the address of the notebook server |
|
163 | Network tab, click 'Settings...', and add the address of the notebook server |
@@ -8,12 +8,27 b" You don't need to know anything beyond Python to start using IPython \xe2\x80\x93 just ty" | |||||
8 | commands as you would at the standard Python prompt. But IPython can do much |
|
8 | commands as you would at the standard Python prompt. But IPython can do much | |
9 | more than the standard prompt. Some key features are described here. For more |
|
9 | more than the standard prompt. Some key features are described here. For more | |
10 | information, check the :ref:`tips page <tips>`, or look at examples in the |
|
10 | information, check the :ref:`tips page <tips>`, or look at examples in the | |
11 |
`IPython cookbook <http |
|
11 | `IPython cookbook <https://github.com/ipython/ipython/wiki/Cookbook%3A-Index>`_. | |
12 |
|
12 | |||
13 | If you've never used Python before, you might want to look at `the official |
|
13 | If you've never used Python before, you might want to look at `the official | |
14 | tutorial <http://docs.python.org/tutorial/>`_ or an alternative, `Dive into |
|
14 | tutorial <http://docs.python.org/tutorial/>`_ or an alternative, `Dive into | |
15 | Python <http://diveintopython.org/toc/index.html>`_. |
|
15 | Python <http://diveintopython.org/toc/index.html>`_. | |
16 |
|
16 | |||
|
17 | The four most helpful commands | |||
|
18 | =============================== | |||
|
19 | ||||
|
20 | The four most helpful commands, as well as their brief description, is shown | |||
|
21 | to you in a banner, every time you start IPython: | |||
|
22 | ||||
|
23 | ========== ========================================================= | |||
|
24 | command description | |||
|
25 | ========== ========================================================= | |||
|
26 | ? Introduction and overview of IPython's features. | |||
|
27 | %quickref Quick reference. | |||
|
28 | help Python's own help system. | |||
|
29 | object? Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details. | |||
|
30 | ========== ========================================================= | |||
|
31 | ||||
17 | Tab completion |
|
32 | Tab completion | |
18 | ============== |
|
33 | ============== | |
19 |
|
34 | |||
@@ -31,16 +46,19 b' including docstrings, function definition lines (for call arguments) and' | |||||
31 | constructor details for classes. To get specific information on an object, you |
|
46 | constructor details for classes. To get specific information on an object, you | |
32 | can use the magic commands ``%pdoc``, ``%pdef``, ``%psource`` and ``%pfile`` |
|
47 | can use the magic commands ``%pdoc``, ``%pdef``, ``%psource`` and ``%pfile`` | |
33 |
|
48 | |||
|
49 | .. _magics_explained: | |||
|
50 | ||||
34 | Magic functions |
|
51 | Magic functions | |
35 | =============== |
|
52 | =============== | |
36 |
|
53 | |||
37 | IPython has a set of predefined 'magic functions' that you can call with a |
|
54 | IPython has a set of predefined 'magic functions' that you can call with a | |
38 | command line style syntax. There are two kinds of magics, line-oriented and |
|
55 | command line style syntax. There are two kinds of magics, line-oriented and | |
39 | cell-oriented. Line magics are prefixed with the ``%`` character and work much |
|
56 | cell-oriented. **Line magics** are prefixed with the ``%`` character and work much | |
40 | like OS command-line calls: they get as an argument the rest of the line, where |
|
57 | like OS command-line calls: they get as an argument the rest of the line, where | |
41 |
arguments are passed without parentheses or quotes. Cell magics are |
|
58 | arguments are passed without parentheses or quotes. **Cell magics** are | |
42 |
with a double ``%%``, and they are functions that get as an argument |
|
59 | prefixed with a double ``%%``, and they are functions that get as an argument | |
43 |
the rest of the line, but also the lines below it in a separate |
|
60 | not only the rest of the line, but also the lines below it in a separate | |
|
61 | argument. | |||
44 |
|
62 | |||
45 | The following examples show how to call the builtin ``timeit`` magic, both in |
|
63 | The following examples show how to call the builtin ``timeit`` magic, both in | |
46 | line and cell mode:: |
|
64 | line and cell mode:: | |
@@ -58,34 +76,41 b' The builtin magics include:' | |||||
58 | - Functions that work with code: ``%run``, ``%edit``, ``%save``, ``%macro``, |
|
76 | - Functions that work with code: ``%run``, ``%edit``, ``%save``, ``%macro``, | |
59 | ``%recall``, etc. |
|
77 | ``%recall``, etc. | |
60 | - Functions which affect the shell: ``%colors``, ``%xmode``, ``%autoindent``, |
|
78 | - Functions which affect the shell: ``%colors``, ``%xmode``, ``%autoindent``, | |
61 | etc. |
|
79 | ``%automagic``, etc. | |
62 |
- Other functions such as ``%reset``, ``%timeit`` |
|
80 | - Other functions such as ``%reset``, ``%timeit``, ``%%file``, ``%load``, or | |
|
81 | ``%paste``. | |||
63 |
|
82 | |||
64 |
You can always call them using the % prefix, and if you're calling a line |
|
83 | You can always call them using the ``%`` prefix, and if you're calling a line | |
65 |
on a line by itself, you can omit even that |
|
84 | magic on a line by itself, you can omit even that:: | |
66 | ``%%`` prefix):: |
|
|||
67 |
|
85 | |||
68 | run thescript.py |
|
86 | run thescript.py | |
69 |
|
87 | |||
|
88 | You can toggle this behavior by running the ``%automagic`` magic. Cell magics | |||
|
89 | must always have the ``%%`` prefix. | |||
|
90 | ||||
70 | A more detailed explanation of the magic system can be obtained by calling |
|
91 | A more detailed explanation of the magic system can be obtained by calling | |
71 | ``%magic``, and for more details on any magic function, call ``%somemagic?`` to |
|
92 | ``%magic``, and for more details on any magic function, call ``%somemagic?`` to | |
72 | read its docstring. To see all the available magic functions, call |
|
93 | read its docstring. To see all the available magic functions, call | |
73 | ``%lsmagic``. |
|
94 | ``%lsmagic``. | |
74 |
|
95 | |||
|
96 | .. seealso:: | |||
|
97 | ||||
|
98 | `Cell magics`_ example notebook | |||
|
99 | ||||
75 | Running and Editing |
|
100 | Running and Editing | |
76 | ------------------- |
|
101 | ------------------- | |
77 |
|
102 | |||
78 |
The %run magic command allows you to run any python script and load all of |
|
103 | The ``%run`` magic command allows you to run any python script and load all of | |
79 |
data directly into the interactive namespace. Since the file is re-read |
|
104 | its data directly into the interactive namespace. Since the file is re-read | |
80 | disk each time, changes you make to it are reflected immediately (unlike |
|
105 | from disk each time, changes you make to it are reflected immediately (unlike | |
81 |
imported modules, which have to be specifically reloaded). IPython also |
|
106 | imported modules, which have to be specifically reloaded). IPython also | |
82 | :ref:`dreload <dreload>`, a recursive reload function. |
|
107 | includes :ref:`dreload <dreload>`, a recursive reload function. | |
83 |
|
108 | |||
84 |
%run has special flags for timing the execution of your scripts (-t), or |
|
109 | ``%run`` has special flags for timing the execution of your scripts (-t), or | |
85 | running them under the control of either Python's pdb debugger (-d) or |
|
110 | for running them under the control of either Python's pdb debugger (-d) or | |
86 | profiler (-p). |
|
111 | profiler (-p). | |
87 |
|
112 | |||
88 | The %edit command gives a reasonable approximation of multiline editing, |
|
113 | The ``%edit`` command gives a reasonable approximation of multiline editing, | |
89 | by invoking your favorite editor on the spot. IPython will execute the |
|
114 | by invoking your favorite editor on the spot. IPython will execute the | |
90 | code you type in there as if it were typed interactively. |
|
115 | code you type in there as if it were typed interactively. | |
91 |
|
116 | |||
@@ -153,11 +178,12 b' visited directories and allows you to go to any previously visited one.' | |||||
153 | Configuration |
|
178 | Configuration | |
154 | ============= |
|
179 | ============= | |
155 |
|
180 | |||
156 |
Much of IPython can be tweaked through configuration |
|
181 | Much of IPython can be tweaked through :ref:`configuration <config_overview>`. | |
157 |
command ``ipython profile create`` to produce the |
|
182 | To get started, use the command ``ipython profile create`` to produce the | |
158 | will be placed in :file:`~/.ipython/profile_default` or |
|
183 | default config files. These will be placed in | |
159 |
:file:`~/. |
|
184 | :file:`~/.ipython/profile_default` or | |
160 | the various options do. |
|
185 | :file:`~/.config/ipython/profile_default`, and contain comments explaining | |
|
186 | what the various options do. | |||
161 |
|
187 | |||
162 | Profiles allow you to use IPython for different tasks, keeping separate config |
|
188 | Profiles allow you to use IPython for different tasks, keeping separate config | |
163 | files and history for each one. More details in :ref:`the profiles section |
|
189 | files and history for each one. More details in :ref:`the profiles section | |
@@ -173,7 +199,4 b' as the IPython shell is constructed, before any other code or scripts you have' | |||||
173 | specified. The files will be run in order of their names, so you can control the |
|
199 | specified. The files will be run in order of their names, so you can control the | |
174 | ordering with prefixes, like ``10-myimports.py``. |
|
200 | ordering with prefixes, like ``10-myimports.py``. | |
175 |
|
201 | |||
176 | .. note:: |
|
202 | .. include:: ../links.txt | |
177 |
|
||||
178 | Automatic startup files are new in IPython 0.12. Use InteractiveShellApp.exec_files |
|
|||
179 | in :file:`ipython_config.py` for similar behavior in 0.11. |
|
@@ -23,6 +23,7 b'' | |||||
23 | .. _ipython_github_repo: http://github.com/ipython/ipython/ |
|
23 | .. _ipython_github_repo: http://github.com/ipython/ipython/ | |
24 | .. _ipython_downloads: http://ipython.org/download.html |
|
24 | .. _ipython_downloads: http://ipython.org/download.html | |
25 | .. _ipython_pypi: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/ipython |
|
25 | .. _ipython_pypi: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/ipython | |
|
26 | .. _nbviewer: http://nbviewer.ipython.org | |||
26 |
|
27 | |||
27 | .. _ZeroMQ: http://zeromq.org |
|
28 | .. _ZeroMQ: http://zeromq.org | |
28 |
|
29 | |||
@@ -46,7 +47,7 b'' | |||||
46 | .. _numpy: http://numpy.scipy.org |
|
47 | .. _numpy: http://numpy.scipy.org | |
47 | .. _scipy: http://www.scipy.org |
|
48 | .. _scipy: http://www.scipy.org | |
48 | .. _scipy_conference: http://conference.scipy.org |
|
49 | .. _scipy_conference: http://conference.scipy.org | |
49 |
.. _matplotlib: http://matplotlib. |
|
50 | .. _matplotlib: http://matplotlib.org | |
50 | .. _pythonxy: http://www.pythonxy.com |
|
51 | .. _pythonxy: http://www.pythonxy.com | |
51 | .. _ETS: http://code.enthought.com/projects/tool-suite.php |
|
52 | .. _ETS: http://code.enthought.com/projects/tool-suite.php | |
52 | .. _EPD: http://www.enthought.com/products/epd.php |
|
53 | .. _EPD: http://www.enthought.com/products/epd.php | |
@@ -72,4 +73,29 b'' | |||||
72 | .. _indefero: http://www.indefero.net |
|
73 | .. _indefero: http://www.indefero.net | |
73 | .. _git: http://git-scm.com |
|
74 | .. _git: http://git-scm.com | |
74 | .. _github: http://github.com |
|
75 | .. _github: http://github.com | |
75 |
.. _Mark |
|
76 | .. _Markdown: http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax | |
|
77 | ||||
|
78 | .. _Running Code in the IPython Notebook: notebook_p1_ | |||
|
79 | .. _notebook_p1: http://nbviewer.ipython.org/urls/raw.github.com/ipython/ipython/1.x/examples/notebooks/Part%25201%2520-%2520Running%2520Code.ipynb | |||
|
80 | ||||
|
81 | .. _Basic Output: notebook_p2_ | |||
|
82 | .. _notebook_p2: http://nbviewer.ipython.org/urls/raw.github.com/ipython/ipython/1.x/examples/notebooks/Part%202%20-%20Basic%20Output.ipynb | |||
|
83 | ||||
|
84 | .. _Plotting with Matplotlib: notebook_p3_ | |||
|
85 | .. _notebook_p3: http://nbviewer.ipython.org/urls/raw.github.com/ipython/ipython/1.x/examples/notebooks/Part%203%20-%20Plotting%20with%20Matplotlib.ipynb | |||
|
86 | ||||
|
87 | .. _Markdown Cells: notebook_p4 | |||
|
88 | .. _notebook_p4: http://nbviewer.ipython.org/urls/raw.github.com/ipython/ipython/1.x/examples/notebooks/Part%204%20-%20Markdown%20Cells.ipynb | |||
|
89 | ||||
|
90 | .. _Rich Display System: notebook_p5_ | |||
|
91 | .. _notebook_p5: http://nbviewer.ipython.org/urls/raw.github.com/ipython/ipython/1.x/examples/notebooks/Part%205%20-%20Rich%20Display%20System.ipynb | |||
|
92 | ||||
|
93 | .. _notebook_custom_display: http://nbviewer.ipython.org/urls/raw.github.com/ipython/ipython/1.x/examples/notebooks/Custom%20Display%20Logic.ipynb | |||
|
94 | ||||
|
95 | .. _Frontend/Kernel Model: notebook_two_proc_ | |||
|
96 | .. _notebook_two_proc: http://nbviewer.ipython.org/urls/raw.github.com/ipython/ipython/1.x/examples/notebooks/Frontend-Kernel%20Model.ipynb | |||
|
97 | ||||
|
98 | .. _Cell magics: notebook_cell_magics_ | |||
|
99 | .. _notebook_cell_magics: http://nbviewer.ipython.org/urls/raw.github.com/ipython/ipython/1.x/examples/notebooks/Cell%20Magics.ipynb | |||
|
100 | ||||
|
101 |
@@ -18,9 +18,9 b' interactive and exploratory computing. To support this goal, IPython' | |||||
18 | has three main components: |
|
18 | has three main components: | |
19 |
|
19 | |||
20 | * An enhanced interactive Python shell. |
|
20 | * An enhanced interactive Python shell. | |
21 |
* A decoupled two-process communication model, which |
|
21 | * A decoupled :ref:`two-process communication model <ipythonzmq>`, which | |
22 |
clients to connect to a computation kernel, most notably |
|
22 | allows for multiple clients to connect to a computation kernel, most notably | |
23 | :ref:`notebook <htmlnotebook>` |
|
23 | the web-based :ref:`notebook <htmlnotebook>` | |
24 | * An architecture for interactive parallel computing. |
|
24 | * An architecture for interactive parallel computing. | |
25 |
|
25 | |||
26 | All of IPython is open source (released under the revised BSD license). |
|
26 | All of IPython is open source (released under the revised BSD license). | |
@@ -197,7 +197,7 b' Decoupled two-process model' | |||||
197 |
|
197 | |||
198 | IPython has abstracted and extended the notion of a traditional |
|
198 | IPython has abstracted and extended the notion of a traditional | |
199 | *Read-Evaluate-Print Loop* (REPL) environment by decoupling the *evaluation* |
|
199 | *Read-Evaluate-Print Loop* (REPL) environment by decoupling the *evaluation* | |
200 | into its own process. We call this process a kernel: it receives execution |
|
200 | into its own process. We call this process a **kernel**: it receives execution | |
201 | instructions from clients and communicates the results back to them. |
|
201 | instructions from clients and communicates the results back to them. | |
202 |
|
202 | |||
203 | This decoupling allows us to have several clients connected to the same |
|
203 | This decoupling allows us to have several clients connected to the same | |
@@ -222,6 +222,10 b' You can read more about using :ref:`ipython qtconsole <qtconsole>`, and' | |||||
222 | <messaging>` which documents the protocol for communication between kernels |
|
222 | <messaging>` which documents the protocol for communication between kernels | |
223 | and clients. |
|
223 | and clients. | |
224 |
|
224 | |||
|
225 | .. seealso:: | |||
|
226 | ||||
|
227 | `Frontend/Kernel Model`_ example notebook | |||
|
228 | ||||
225 |
|
229 | |||
226 | Interactive parallel computing |
|
230 | Interactive parallel computing | |
227 | ============================== |
|
231 | ============================== | |
@@ -283,3 +287,4 b' IPython is known to work on the following operating systems:' | |||||
283 |
|
287 | |||
284 | See :ref:`here <install_index>` for instructions on how to install IPython. |
|
288 | See :ref:`here <install_index>` for instructions on how to install IPython. | |
285 |
|
289 | |||
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290 | .. include:: links.txt |
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