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1 | .. _documenting-ipython: |
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1 | .. _documenting-ipython: | |
2 |
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2 | |||
3 | ===================== |
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3 | ===================== | |
4 | Documenting IPython |
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4 | Documenting IPython | |
5 | ===================== |
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5 | ===================== | |
6 |
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6 | |||
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7 | When contributing code to IPython, you should strive for clarity and | |||
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8 | consistency, without falling prey to a style straitjacket. Basically, | |||
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9 | 'document everything, try to be consistent, do what makes sense.' | |||
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10 | ||||
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11 | By and large we follow existing Python practices in major projects like Python | |||
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12 | itself or NumPy, this document provides some additional detail for IPython. | |||
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13 | ||||
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14 | ||||
7 | Standalone documentation |
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15 | Standalone documentation | |
8 | ======================== |
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16 | ======================== | |
9 |
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17 | |||
10 | All standalone documentation should be written in plain text (``.txt``) files |
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18 | All standalone documentation should be written in plain text (``.txt``) files | |
11 | using reStructuredText [reStructuredText]_ for markup and formatting. All such |
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19 | using reStructuredText [reStructuredText]_ for markup and formatting. All such | |
12 | documentation should be placed in the directory :file:`docs/source` of the |
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20 | documentation should be placed in the directory :file:`docs/source` of the | |
13 | IPython source tree. Or, when appropriate, a suitably named subdirectory |
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21 | IPython source tree. Or, when appropriate, a suitably named subdirectory | |
14 | should be used. The documentation in this location will serve as the main |
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22 | should be used. The documentation in this location will serve as the main | |
15 | source for IPython documentation. |
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23 | source for IPython documentation. | |
16 |
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24 | |||
17 | The actual HTML and PDF docs are built using the Sphinx [Sphinx]_ |
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25 | The actual HTML and PDF docs are built using the Sphinx [Sphinx]_ | |
18 | documentation generation tool. Once you have Sphinx installed, you can build |
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26 | documentation generation tool. Once you have Sphinx installed, you can build | |
19 | the html docs yourself by doing: |
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27 | the html docs yourself by doing: | |
20 |
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28 | |||
21 | .. code-block:: bash |
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29 | .. code-block:: bash | |
22 |
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30 | |||
23 | $ cd ipython-mybranch/docs |
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31 | $ cd ipython-mybranch/docs | |
24 | $ make html |
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32 | $ make html | |
25 |
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33 | |||
26 | Our usage of Sphinx follows that of matplotlib [Matplotlib]_ closely. We are |
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34 | Our usage of Sphinx follows that of matplotlib [Matplotlib]_ closely. We are | |
27 | using a number of Sphinx tools and extensions written by the matplotlib team |
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35 | using a number of Sphinx tools and extensions written by the matplotlib team | |
28 | and will mostly follow their conventions, which are nicely spelled out in |
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36 | and will mostly follow their conventions, which are nicely spelled out in | |
29 | their documentation guide [MatplotlibDocGuide]_. What follows is thus a |
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37 | their documentation guide [MatplotlibDocGuide]_. What follows is thus a | |
30 | abridged version of the matplotlib documentation guide, taken with permission |
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38 | abridged version of the matplotlib documentation guide, taken with permission | |
31 | from the matplotlib team. |
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39 | from the matplotlib team. | |
32 |
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40 | |||
33 | If you are reading this in a web browser, you can click on the "Show Source" |
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41 | If you are reading this in a web browser, you can click on the "Show Source" | |
34 | link to see the original reStricturedText for the following examples. |
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42 | link to see the original reStricturedText for the following examples. | |
35 |
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43 | |||
36 | A bit of Python code:: |
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44 | A bit of Python code:: | |
37 |
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45 | |||
38 | for i in range(10): |
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46 | for i in range(10): | |
39 | print i, |
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47 | print i, | |
40 | print "A big number:",2**34 |
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48 | print "A big number:",2**34 | |
41 |
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49 | |||
42 | An interactive Python session:: |
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50 | An interactive Python session:: | |
43 |
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51 | |||
44 | >>> from IPython.utils.path import get_ipython_dir |
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52 | >>> from IPython.utils.path import get_ipython_dir | |
45 | >>> get_ipython_dir() |
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53 | >>> get_ipython_dir() | |
46 | '/home/fperez/.ipython' |
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54 | '/home/fperez/.ipython' | |
47 |
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55 | |||
48 | An IPython session: |
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56 | An IPython session: | |
49 |
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57 | |||
50 | .. code-block:: ipython |
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58 | .. code-block:: ipython | |
51 |
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59 | |||
52 | In [7]: import IPython |
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60 | In [7]: import IPython | |
53 |
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61 | |||
54 | In [8]: print "This IPython is version:",IPython.__version__ |
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62 | In [8]: print "This IPython is version:",IPython.__version__ | |
55 | This IPython is version: 0.9.1 |
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63 | This IPython is version: 0.9.1 | |
56 |
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64 | |||
57 | In [9]: 2+4 |
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65 | In [9]: 2+4 | |
58 | Out[9]: 6 |
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66 | Out[9]: 6 | |
59 |
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67 | |||
60 |
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68 | |||
61 | A bit of shell code: |
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69 | A bit of shell code: | |
62 |
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70 | |||
63 | .. code-block:: bash |
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71 | .. code-block:: bash | |
64 |
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72 | |||
65 | cd /tmp |
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73 | cd /tmp | |
66 | echo "My home directory is: $HOME" |
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74 | echo "My home directory is: $HOME" | |
67 | ls |
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75 | ls | |
68 |
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76 | |||
69 | Docstring format |
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77 | Docstring format | |
70 | ================ |
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78 | ================ | |
71 |
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79 | |||
72 | Good docstrings are very important. Unfortunately, Python itself only provides |
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80 | Good docstrings are very important. Unfortunately, Python itself only provides | |
73 | a rather loose standard for docstrings [PEP257]_, and there is no universally |
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81 | a rather loose standard for docstrings [PEP257]_, and there is no universally | |
74 | accepted convention for all the different parts of a complete docstring. |
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82 | accepted convention for all the different parts of a complete docstring. | |
75 | However, the NumPy project has established a very reasonable standard, and has |
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83 | However, the NumPy project has established a very reasonable standard, and has | |
76 | developed some tools to support the smooth inclusion of such docstrings in |
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84 | developed some tools to support the smooth inclusion of such docstrings in | |
77 | Sphinx-generated manuals. Rather than inventing yet another pseudo-standard, |
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85 | Sphinx-generated manuals. Rather than inventing yet another pseudo-standard, | |
78 | IPython will be henceforth documented using the NumPy conventions; we carry |
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86 | IPython will be henceforth documented using the NumPy conventions; we carry | |
79 | copies of some of the NumPy support tools to remain self-contained, but share |
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87 | copies of some of the NumPy support tools to remain self-contained, but share | |
80 | back upstream with NumPy any improvements or fixes we may make to the tools. |
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88 | back upstream with NumPy any improvements or fixes we may make to the tools. | |
81 |
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89 | |||
82 | The NumPy documentation guidelines [NumPyDocGuide]_ contain detailed |
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90 | The NumPy documentation guidelines [NumPyDocGuide]_ contain detailed | |
83 | information on this standard, and for a quick overview, the NumPy example |
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91 | information on this standard, and for a quick overview, the NumPy example | |
84 | docstring [NumPyExampleDocstring]_ is a useful read. |
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92 | docstring [NumPyExampleDocstring]_ is a useful read. | |
85 |
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93 | |||
86 | In the past IPython used epydoc so currently many docstrings still use epydoc |
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94 | ||
87 | conventions. We will update them as we go, but all new code should be |
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95 | For user-facing APIs, we try to be fairly strict about following the above | |
88 | documented using the NumPy standard. |
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96 | standards (even though they mean more verbose and detailed docstrings). | |
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97 | Wherever you can reasonably expect people to do introspection with:: | |||
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98 | ||||
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99 | In [1]: some_function? | |||
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100 | ||||
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101 | the docstring should follow the NumPy style and be fairly detailed. | |||
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102 | ||||
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103 | For purely internal methods that are only likely to be read by others extending | |||
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104 | IPython itself we are a bit more relaxed, especially for small/short methods | |||
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105 | and functions whose intent is reasonably obvious. We still expect docstrings | |||
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106 | to be written, but they can be simpler. For very short functions with a | |||
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107 | single-line docstring you can use something like:: | |||
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108 | ||||
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109 | def add(a, b): | |||
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110 | """The sum of two numbers. | |||
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111 | """ | |||
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112 | code | |||
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113 | ||||
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114 | and for longer multiline strings:: | |||
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115 | ||||
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116 | def add(a, b): | |||
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117 | """The sum of two numbers. | |||
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118 | ||||
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119 | Here is the rest of the docs. | |||
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120 | """ | |||
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121 | code | |||
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122 | ||||
89 |
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123 | |||
90 | Here are two additional PEPs of interest regarding documentation of code. |
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124 | Here are two additional PEPs of interest regarding documentation of code. | |
91 | While both of these were rejected, the ideas therein form much of the basis of |
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125 | While both of these were rejected, the ideas therein form much of the basis of | |
92 | docutils (the machinery to process reStructuredText): |
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126 | docutils (the machinery to process reStructuredText): | |
93 |
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127 | |||
94 | * `Docstring Processing System Framework <http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0256.html>`_ |
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128 | * `Docstring Processing System Framework <http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0256.html>`_ | |
95 | * `Docutils Design Specification <http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0258.html>`_ |
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129 | * `Docutils Design Specification <http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0258.html>`_ | |
96 |
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130 | |||
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131 | .. note:: | |||
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132 | ||||
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133 | In the past IPython used epydoc so currently many docstrings still use | |||
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134 | epydoc conventions. We will update them as we go, but all new code should | |||
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135 | be documented using the NumPy standard. | |||
97 |
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136 | |||
98 | .. [reStructuredText] reStructuredText. http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html |
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137 | .. [reStructuredText] reStructuredText. http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html | |
99 | .. [Sphinx] Sphinx. http://sphinx.pocoo.org/ |
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138 | .. [Sphinx] Sphinx. http://sphinx.pocoo.org/ | |
100 | .. [MatplotlibDocGuide] http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/devel/documenting_mpl.html |
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139 | .. [MatplotlibDocGuide] http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/devel/documenting_mpl.html | |
101 | .. [PEP257] PEP 257. http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0257.html |
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140 | .. [PEP257] PEP 257. http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0257.html | |
102 | .. [NumPyDocGuide] NumPy documentation guide. http://projects.scipy.org/numpy/wiki/CodingStyleGuidelines |
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141 | .. [NumPyDocGuide] NumPy documentation guide. http://projects.scipy.org/numpy/wiki/CodingStyleGuidelines | |
103 | .. [NumPyExampleDocstring] NumPy example docstring. http://projects.scipy.org/numpy/browser/trunk/doc/EXAMPLE_DOCSTRING.txt |
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142 | .. [NumPyExampleDocstring] NumPy example docstring. http://projects.scipy.org/numpy/browser/trunk/doc/EXAMPLE_DOCSTRING.txt | |
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