demandimport: replace more references to _demandmod instances

_demandmod instances may be referenced by multiple importing modules.
Before this patch, the _demandmod instance only maintained a reference
to its first consumer when using the "from X import Y" syntax. This is
because we only created a single _demandmod instance (attached to the
parent X module). If multiple modules A and B performed
"from X import Y", we'd produce a single _demandmod instance
"demandmod" with the following references:

  X.Y = <demandmod>
  A.Y = <demandmod>
  B.Y = <demandmod>

The locals from the first consumer (A) would be stored in <demandmod1>.
When <demandmod1> was loaded, we'd look at the locals for the first
consumer and replace the symbol, if necessary. This resulted in state:

  X.Y = <module>
  A.Y = <module>
  B.Y = <demandmod>

B's reference to Y wasn't updated and was still using the proxy object
because we just didn't record that B had a reference to <demandmod> that
needed updating!

With this patch, we add support for tracking which modules in addition
to the initial importer have a reference to the _demandmod instance and
we replace those references at module load time.

In the case of posix.py, this fixes an issue where the "encoding" module
was being proxied, resulting in hundreds of thousands of
__getattribute__ lookups on the _demandmod instance during dirstate
operations on mozilla-central, speeding up execution by many
milliseconds. There are likely several other operation that benefit from
this change as well.

The new mechanism isn't perfect: references in locals (not globals) may
likely linger. So, if there is an import inside a function and a symbol
from that module is used in a hot loop, we could have unwanted overhead
from proxying through _demandmod. Non-global imports are discouraged
anyway. So hopefully this isn't a big deal in practice. We could
potentially deploy a code checker that bans use of attribute lookups of
function-level-imported modules inside loops.

This deficiency in theory could be avoided by storing the set of globals
and locals dicts to update in the _demandmod instance. However, I tried
this and it didn't work. One reason is that some globals are _demandmod
instances. We could work around this, but it's a bit more work. There
also might be other module import foo at play. The solution as
implemented is better than what we had and IMO is good enough for the
time being.

It's worth noting that this sub-optimal behavior was made worse by the
introduction of absolute_import and its recommended "from . import X"
syntax for importing modules from the "mercurial" package. If we ever
wrote performance tests, measuring the amount of module imports and
__getattribute__ proxy calls through _demandmod instances would be
something I'd have it check.

mercurial/demandimport.py

@@ -1,238 +1,265
 # demandimport.py - global demand-loading of modules for Mercurial
 #
 # Copyright 2006, 2007 Matt Mackall <[e-mail]>
 #
 # This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
 # GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
 
 '''
 demandimport - automatic demandloading of modules
 
 To enable this module, do:
 
   import demandimport; demandimport.enable()
 
 Imports of the following forms will be demand-loaded:
 
   import a, b.c
   import a.b as c
   from a import b,c # a will be loaded immediately
 
 These imports will not be delayed:
 
   from a import *
   b = __import__(a)
 '''
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 
 import contextlib
 import os
 import sys
 
 # __builtin__ in Python 2, builtins in Python 3.
 try:
     import __builtin__ as builtins
 except ImportError:
     import builtins
 
 contextmanager = contextlib.contextmanager
 
 _origimport = __import__
 
 nothing = object()
 
 # Python 3 doesn't have relative imports nor level -1.
 level = -1
 if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
     level = 0
 _import = _origimport
 
 def _hgextimport(importfunc, name, globals, *args, **kwargs):
     try:
         return importfunc(name, globals, *args, **kwargs)
     except ImportError:
         if not globals:
             raise
         # extensions are loaded with "hgext_" prefix
         hgextname = 'hgext_%s' % name
         nameroot = hgextname.split('.', 1)[0]
         contextroot = globals.get('__name__', '').split('.', 1)[0]
         if nameroot != contextroot:
             raise
         # retry to import with "hgext_" prefix
         return importfunc(hgextname, globals, *args, **kwargs)
 
 class _demandmod(object):
     """module demand-loader and proxy"""
     def __init__(self, name, globals, locals, level=level):
         if '.' in name:
             head, rest = name.split('.', 1)
             after = [rest]
         else:
             head = name
             after = []
         object.__setattr__(self, "_data",
-                           (head, globals, locals, after, level))
+                           (head, globals, locals, after, level, set()))
         object.__setattr__(self, "_module", None)
     def _extend(self, name):
         """add to the list of submodules to load"""
         self._data[3].append(name)
+
+    def _addref(self, name):
+        """Record that the named module ``name`` imports this module.
+
+        References to this proxy class having the name of this module will be
+        replaced at module load time. We assume the symbol inside the importing
+        module is identical to the "head" name of this module. We don't
+        actually know if "as X" syntax is being used to change the symbol name
+        because this information isn't exposed to __import__.
+        """
+        self._data[5].add(name)
+
     def _load(self):
         if not self._module:
-            head, globals, locals, after, level = self._data
+            head, globals, locals, after, level, modrefs = self._data
             mod = _hgextimport(_import, head, globals, locals, None, level)
             # load submodules
             def subload(mod, p):
                 h, t = p, None
                 if '.' in p:
                     h, t = p.split('.', 1)
                 if getattr(mod, h, nothing) is nothing:
                     setattr(mod, h, _demandmod(p, mod.__dict__, mod.__dict__))
                 elif t:
                     subload(getattr(mod, h), t)
 
             for x in after:
                 subload(mod, x)
 
-            # are we in the locals dictionary still?
+            # Replace references to this proxy instance with the actual module.
             if locals and locals.get(head) == self:
                 locals[head] = mod
+
+            for modname in modrefs:
+                modref = sys.modules.get(modname, None)
+                if modref and getattr(modref, head, None) == self:
+                    setattr(modref, head, mod)
+
             object.__setattr__(self, "_module", mod)
 
     def __repr__(self):
         if self._module:
             return "<proxied module '%s'>" % self._data[0]
         return "<unloaded module '%s'>" % self._data[0]
     def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         raise TypeError("%s object is not callable" % repr(self))
     def __getattribute__(self, attr):
-        if attr in ('_data', '_extend', '_load', '_module'):
+        if attr in ('_data', '_extend', '_load', '_module', '_addref'):
             return object.__getattribute__(self, attr)
         self._load()
         return getattr(self._module, attr)
     def __setattr__(self, attr, val):
         self._load()
         setattr(self._module, attr, val)
 
 def _demandimport(name, globals=None, locals=None, fromlist=None, level=level):
     if not locals or name in ignore or fromlist == ('*',):
         # these cases we can't really delay
         return _hgextimport(_import, name, globals, locals, fromlist, level)
     elif not fromlist:
         # import a [as b]
         if '.' in name: # a.b
             base, rest = name.split('.', 1)
             # email.__init__ loading email.mime
             if globals and globals.get('__name__', None) == base:
                 return _import(name, globals, locals, fromlist, level)
             # if a is already demand-loaded, add b to its submodule list
             if base in locals:
                 if isinstance(locals[base], _demandmod):
                     locals[base]._extend(rest)
                 return locals[base]
         return _demandmod(name, globals, locals, level)
     else:
         # There is a fromlist.
         # from a import b,c,d
         # from . import b,c,d
         # from .a import b,c,d
 
         # level == -1: relative and absolute attempted (Python 2 only).
         # level >= 0: absolute only (Python 2 w/ absolute_import and Python 3).
         # The modern Mercurial convention is to use absolute_import everywhere,
         # so modern Mercurial code will have level >= 0.
 
+        # The name of the module the import statement is located in.
+        globalname = globals.get('__name__')
+
         def processfromitem(mod, attr, **kwargs):
             """Process an imported symbol in the import statement.
 
             If the symbol doesn't exist in the parent module, it must be a
             module. We set missing modules up as _demandmod instances.
             """
             symbol = getattr(mod, attr, nothing)
             if symbol is nothing:
                 symbol = _demandmod(attr, mod.__dict__, locals, **kwargs)
                 setattr(mod, attr, symbol)
 
+            # Record the importing module references this symbol so we can
+            # replace the symbol with the actual module instance at load
+            # time.
+            if globalname and isinstance(symbol, _demandmod):
+                symbol._addref(globalname)
+
         if level >= 0:
             # Mercurial's enforced import style does not use
             # "from a import b,c,d" or "from .a import b,c,d" syntax. In
             # addition, this appears to be giving errors with some modules
             # for unknown reasons. Since we shouldn't be using this syntax
             # much, work around the problems.
             if name:
                 return _hgextimport(_origimport, name, globals, locals,
                                     fromlist, level)
 
             mod = _hgextimport(_origimport, name, globals, locals, level=level)
 
             for x in fromlist:
                 processfromitem(mod, x, level=level)
 
             return mod
 
         # But, we still need to support lazy loading of standard library and 3rd
         # party modules. So handle level == -1.
         mod = _hgextimport(_origimport, name, globals, locals)
         # recurse down the module chain
         for comp in name.split('.')[1:]:
             if getattr(mod, comp, nothing) is nothing:
                 setattr(mod, comp,
                         _demandmod(comp, mod.__dict__, mod.__dict__))
             mod = getattr(mod, comp)
 
         for x in fromlist:
             processfromitem(mod, x)
 
         return mod
 
 ignore = [
     '__future__',
     '_hashlib',
     '_xmlplus',
     'fcntl',
     'win32com.gen_py',
     '_winreg', # 2.7 mimetypes needs immediate ImportError
     'pythoncom',
     # imported by tarfile, not available under Windows
     'pwd',
     'grp',
     # imported by profile, itself imported by hotshot.stats,
     # not available under Windows
     'resource',
     # this trips up many extension authors
     'gtk',
     # setuptools' pkg_resources.py expects "from __main__ import x" to
     # raise ImportError if x not defined
     '__main__',
     '_ssl', # conditional imports in the stdlib, issue1964
     'rfc822',
     'mimetools',
     # setuptools 8 expects this module to explode early when not on windows
     'distutils.msvc9compiler'
     ]
 
 def isenabled():
     return builtins.__import__ == _demandimport
 
 def enable():
     "enable global demand-loading of modules"
     if os.environ.get('HGDEMANDIMPORT') != 'disable':
         builtins.__import__ = _demandimport
 
 def disable():
     "disable global demand-loading of modules"
     builtins.__import__ = _origimport
 
 @contextmanager
 def deactivated():
     "context manager for disabling demandimport in 'with' blocks"
     demandenabled = isenabled()
     if demandenabled:
         disable()
 
     try:
         yield
     finally:
         if demandenabled:
             enable()