revlog: avoid an expensive string copy

This showed up in a statprof profile of "hg svn rebuildmeta", which
is read-intensive on the changelog.  This two-line patch improved
the performance of that command by 10%.

mercurial/revlog.py

@@ -1,1306 +1,1306 b''
 # revlog.py - storage back-end for mercurial
 #
 # Copyright 2005-2007 Matt Mackall <[e-mail]>
 #
 # This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
 # GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
 
 """Storage back-end for Mercurial.
 
 This provides efficient delta storage with O(1) retrieve and append
 and O(changes) merge between branches.
 """
 
 # import stuff from node for others to import from revlog
 from node import bin, hex, nullid, nullrev
 from i18n import _
 import ancestor, mdiff, parsers, error, util, dagutil
 import struct, zlib, errno
 
 _pack = struct.pack
 _unpack = struct.unpack
 _compress = zlib.compress
 _decompress = zlib.decompress
 _sha = util.sha1
 
 # revlog header flags
 REVLOGV0 = 0
 REVLOGNG = 1
 REVLOGNGINLINEDATA = (1 << 16)
 REVLOGGENERALDELTA = (1 << 17)
 REVLOG_DEFAULT_FLAGS = REVLOGNGINLINEDATA
 REVLOG_DEFAULT_FORMAT = REVLOGNG
 REVLOG_DEFAULT_VERSION = REVLOG_DEFAULT_FORMAT | REVLOG_DEFAULT_FLAGS
 REVLOGNG_FLAGS = REVLOGNGINLINEDATA | REVLOGGENERALDELTA
 
 # revlog index flags
 REVIDX_KNOWN_FLAGS = 0
 
 # max size of revlog with inline data
 _maxinline = 131072
 _chunksize = 1048576
 
 RevlogError = error.RevlogError
 LookupError = error.LookupError
 
 def getoffset(q):
     return int(q >> 16)
 
 def gettype(q):
     return int(q & 0xFFFF)
 
 def offset_type(offset, type):
     return long(long(offset) << 16 | type)
 
 nullhash = _sha(nullid)
 
 def hash(text, p1, p2):
     """generate a hash from the given text and its parent hashes
 
     This hash combines both the current file contents and its history
     in a manner that makes it easy to distinguish nodes with the same
     content in the revision graph.
     """
     # As of now, if one of the parent node is null, p2 is null
     if p2 == nullid:
         # deep copy of a hash is faster than creating one
         s = nullhash.copy()
         s.update(p1)
     else:
         # none of the parent nodes are nullid
         l = [p1, p2]
         l.sort()
         s = _sha(l[0])
         s.update(l[1])
     s.update(text)
     return s.digest()
 
 def compress(text):
     """ generate a possibly-compressed representation of text """
     if not text:
         return ("", text)
     l = len(text)
     bin = None
     if l < 44:
         pass
     elif l > 1000000:
         # zlib makes an internal copy, thus doubling memory usage for
         # large files, so lets do this in pieces
         z = zlib.compressobj()
         p = []
         pos = 0
         while pos < l:
             pos2 = pos + 2**20
             p.append(z.compress(text[pos:pos2]))
             pos = pos2
         p.append(z.flush())
         if sum(map(len, p)) < l:
             bin = "".join(p)
     else:
         bin = _compress(text)
     if bin is None or len(bin) > l:
         if text[0] == '\0':
             return ("", text)
         return ('u', text)
     return ("", bin)
 
 def decompress(bin):
     """ decompress the given input """
     if not bin:
         return bin
     t = bin[0]
     if t == '\0':
         return bin
     if t == 'x':
         return _decompress(bin)
     if t == 'u':
         return bin[1:]
     raise RevlogError(_("unknown compression type %r") % t)
 
 indexformatv0 = ">4l20s20s20s"
 v0shaoffset = 56
 
 class revlogoldio(object):
     def __init__(self):
         self.size = struct.calcsize(indexformatv0)
 
     def parseindex(self, data, inline):
         s = self.size
         index = []
         nodemap =  {nullid: nullrev}
         n = off = 0
         l = len(data)
         while off + s <= l:
             cur = data[off:off + s]
             off += s
             e = _unpack(indexformatv0, cur)
             # transform to revlogv1 format
             e2 = (offset_type(e[0], 0), e[1], -1, e[2], e[3],
                   nodemap.get(e[4], nullrev), nodemap.get(e[5], nullrev), e[6])
             index.append(e2)
             nodemap[e[6]] = n
             n += 1
 
         # add the magic null revision at -1
         index.append((0, 0, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, nullid))
 
         return index, nodemap, None
 
     def packentry(self, entry, node, version, rev):
         if gettype(entry[0]):
             raise RevlogError(_("index entry flags need RevlogNG"))
         e2 = (getoffset(entry[0]), entry[1], entry[3], entry[4],
               node(entry[5]), node(entry[6]), entry[7])
         return _pack(indexformatv0, *e2)
 
 # index ng:
 #  6 bytes: offset
 #  2 bytes: flags
 #  4 bytes: compressed length
 #  4 bytes: uncompressed length
 #  4 bytes: base rev
 #  4 bytes: link rev
 #  4 bytes: parent 1 rev
 #  4 bytes: parent 2 rev
 # 32 bytes: nodeid
 indexformatng = ">Qiiiiii20s12x"
 ngshaoffset = 32
 versionformat = ">I"
 
 class revlogio(object):
     def __init__(self):
         self.size = struct.calcsize(indexformatng)
 
     def parseindex(self, data, inline):
         # call the C implementation to parse the index data
         index, cache = parsers.parse_index2(data, inline)
         return index, getattr(index, 'nodemap', None), cache
 
     def packentry(self, entry, node, version, rev):
         p = _pack(indexformatng, *entry)
         if rev == 0:
             p = _pack(versionformat, version) + p[4:]
         return p
 
 class revlog(object):
     """
     the underlying revision storage object
 
     A revlog consists of two parts, an index and the revision data.
 
     The index is a file with a fixed record size containing
     information on each revision, including its nodeid (hash), the
     nodeids of its parents, the position and offset of its data within
     the data file, and the revision it's based on. Finally, each entry
     contains a linkrev entry that can serve as a pointer to external
     data.
 
     The revision data itself is a linear collection of data chunks.
     Each chunk represents a revision and is usually represented as a
     delta against the previous chunk. To bound lookup time, runs of
     deltas are limited to about 2 times the length of the original
     version data. This makes retrieval of a version proportional to
     its size, or O(1) relative to the number of revisions.
 
     Both pieces of the revlog are written to in an append-only
     fashion, which means we never need to rewrite a file to insert or
     remove data, and can use some simple techniques to avoid the need
     for locking while reading.
     """
     def __init__(self, opener, indexfile):
         """
         create a revlog object
 
         opener is a function that abstracts the file opening operation
         and can be used to implement COW semantics or the like.
         """
         self.indexfile = indexfile
         self.datafile = indexfile[:-2] + ".d"
         self.opener = opener
         self._cache = None
         self._basecache = (0, 0)
         self._chunkcache = (0, '')
         self.index = []
         self._pcache = {}
         self._nodecache = {nullid: nullrev}
         self._nodepos = None
 
         v = REVLOG_DEFAULT_VERSION
         opts = getattr(opener, 'options', None)
         if opts is not None:
             if 'revlogv1' in opts:
                 if 'generaldelta' in opts:
                     v |= REVLOGGENERALDELTA
             else:
                 v = 0
 
         i = ''
         self._initempty = True
         try:
             f = self.opener(self.indexfile)
             i = f.read()
             f.close()
             if len(i) > 0:
                 v = struct.unpack(versionformat, i[:4])[0]
                 self._initempty = False
         except IOError, inst:
             if inst.errno != errno.ENOENT:
                 raise
 
         self.version = v
         self._inline = v & REVLOGNGINLINEDATA
         self._generaldelta = v & REVLOGGENERALDELTA
         flags = v & ~0xFFFF
         fmt = v & 0xFFFF
         if fmt == REVLOGV0 and flags:
             raise RevlogError(_("index %s unknown flags %#04x for format v0")
                               % (self.indexfile, flags >> 16))
         elif fmt == REVLOGNG and flags & ~REVLOGNG_FLAGS:
             raise RevlogError(_("index %s unknown flags %#04x for revlogng")
                               % (self.indexfile, flags >> 16))
         elif fmt > REVLOGNG:
             raise RevlogError(_("index %s unknown format %d")
                               % (self.indexfile, fmt))
 
         self._io = revlogio()
         if self.version == REVLOGV0:
             self._io = revlogoldio()
         try:
             d = self._io.parseindex(i, self._inline)
         except (ValueError, IndexError):
             raise RevlogError(_("index %s is corrupted") % (self.indexfile))
         self.index, nodemap, self._chunkcache = d
         if nodemap is not None:
             self.nodemap = self._nodecache = nodemap
         if not self._chunkcache:
             self._chunkclear()
 
     def tip(self):
         return self.node(len(self.index) - 2)
     def __len__(self):
         return len(self.index) - 1
     def __iter__(self):
         for i in xrange(len(self)):
             yield i
 
     @util.propertycache
     def nodemap(self):
         self.rev(self.node(0))
         return self._nodecache
 
     def hasnode(self, node):
         try:
             self.rev(node)
             return True
         except KeyError:
             return False
 
     def clearcaches(self):
         try:
             self._nodecache.clearcaches()
         except AttributeError:
             self._nodecache = {nullid: nullrev}
             self._nodepos = None
 
     def rev(self, node):
         try:
             return self._nodecache[node]
         except RevlogError:
             # parsers.c radix tree lookup failed
             raise LookupError(node, self.indexfile, _('no node'))
         except KeyError:
             # pure python cache lookup failed
             n = self._nodecache
             i = self.index
             p = self._nodepos
             if p is None:
                 p = len(i) - 2
             for r in xrange(p, -1, -1):
                 v = i[r][7]
                 n[v] = r
                 if v == node:
                     self._nodepos = r - 1
                     return r
             raise LookupError(node, self.indexfile, _('no node'))
 
     def node(self, rev):
         return self.index[rev][7]
     def linkrev(self, rev):
         return self.index[rev][4]
     def parents(self, node):
         i = self.index
         d = i[self.rev(node)]
         return i[d[5]][7], i[d[6]][7] # map revisions to nodes inline
     def parentrevs(self, rev):
         return self.index[rev][5:7]
     def start(self, rev):
         return int(self.index[rev][0] >> 16)
     def end(self, rev):
         return self.start(rev) + self.length(rev)
     def length(self, rev):
         return self.index[rev][1]
     def chainbase(self, rev):
         index = self.index
         base = index[rev][3]
         while base != rev:
             rev = base
             base = index[rev][3]
         return base
     def flags(self, rev):
         return self.index[rev][0] & 0xFFFF
     def rawsize(self, rev):
         """return the length of the uncompressed text for a given revision"""
         l = self.index[rev][2]
         if l >= 0:
             return l
 
         t = self.revision(self.node(rev))
         return len(t)
     size = rawsize
 
     def reachable(self, node, stop=None):
         """return the set of all nodes ancestral to a given node, including
          the node itself, stopping when stop is matched"""
         reachable = set((node,))
         visit = [node]
         if stop:
             stopn = self.rev(stop)
         else:
             stopn = 0
         while visit:
             n = visit.pop(0)
             if n == stop:
                 continue
             if n == nullid:
                 continue
             for p in self.parents(n):
                 if self.rev(p) < stopn:
                     continue
                 if p not in reachable:
                     reachable.add(p)
                     visit.append(p)
         return reachable
 
     def ancestors(self, *revs):
         """Generate the ancestors of 'revs' in reverse topological order.
 
         Yield a sequence of revision numbers starting with the parents
         of each revision in revs, i.e., each revision is *not* considered
         an ancestor of itself.  Results are in breadth-first order:
         parents of each rev in revs, then parents of those, etc.  Result
         does not include the null revision."""
         visit = list(revs)
         seen = set([nullrev])
         while visit:
             for parent in self.parentrevs(visit.pop(0)):
                 if parent not in seen:
                     visit.append(parent)
                     seen.add(parent)
                     yield parent
 
     def descendants(self, *revs):
         """Generate the descendants of 'revs' in revision order.
 
         Yield a sequence of revision numbers starting with a child of
         some rev in revs, i.e., each revision is *not* considered a
         descendant of itself.  Results are ordered by revision number (a
         topological sort)."""
         first = min(revs)
         if first == nullrev:
             for i in self:
                 yield i
             return
 
         seen = set(revs)
         for i in xrange(first + 1, len(self)):
             for x in self.parentrevs(i):
                 if x != nullrev and x in seen:
                     seen.add(i)
                     yield i
                     break
 
     def findcommonmissing(self, common=None, heads=None):
         """Return a tuple of the ancestors of common and the ancestors of heads
         that are not ancestors of common. In revset terminology, we return the
         tuple:
 
           ::common, (::heads) - (::common)
 
         The list is sorted by revision number, meaning it is
         topologically sorted.
 
         'heads' and 'common' are both lists of node IDs.  If heads is
         not supplied, uses all of the revlog's heads.  If common is not
         supplied, uses nullid."""
         if common is None:
             common = [nullid]
         if heads is None:
             heads = self.heads()
 
         common = [self.rev(n) for n in common]
         heads = [self.rev(n) for n in heads]
 
         # we want the ancestors, but inclusive
         has = set(self.ancestors(*common))
         has.add(nullrev)
         has.update(common)
 
         # take all ancestors from heads that aren't in has
         missing = set()
         visit = [r for r in heads if r not in has]
         while visit:
             r = visit.pop(0)
             if r in missing:
                 continue
             else:
                 missing.add(r)
                 for p in self.parentrevs(r):
                     if p not in has:
                         visit.append(p)
         missing = list(missing)
         missing.sort()
         return has, [self.node(r) for r in missing]
 
     def findmissing(self, common=None, heads=None):
         """Return the ancestors of heads that are not ancestors of common.
 
         More specifically, return a list of nodes N such that every N
         satisfies the following constraints:
 
           1. N is an ancestor of some node in 'heads'
           2. N is not an ancestor of any node in 'common'
 
         The list is sorted by revision number, meaning it is
         topologically sorted.
 
         'heads' and 'common' are both lists of node IDs.  If heads is
         not supplied, uses all of the revlog's heads.  If common is not
         supplied, uses nullid."""
         _common, missing = self.findcommonmissing(common, heads)
         return missing
 
     def nodesbetween(self, roots=None, heads=None):
         """Return a topological path from 'roots' to 'heads'.
 
         Return a tuple (nodes, outroots, outheads) where 'nodes' is a
         topologically sorted list of all nodes N that satisfy both of
         these constraints:
 
           1. N is a descendant of some node in 'roots'
           2. N is an ancestor of some node in 'heads'
 
         Every node is considered to be both a descendant and an ancestor
         of itself, so every reachable node in 'roots' and 'heads' will be
         included in 'nodes'.
 
         'outroots' is the list of reachable nodes in 'roots', i.e., the
         subset of 'roots' that is returned in 'nodes'.  Likewise,
         'outheads' is the subset of 'heads' that is also in 'nodes'.
 
         'roots' and 'heads' are both lists of node IDs.  If 'roots' is
         unspecified, uses nullid as the only root.  If 'heads' is
         unspecified, uses list of all of the revlog's heads."""
         nonodes = ([], [], [])
         if roots is not None:
             roots = list(roots)
             if not roots:
                 return nonodes
             lowestrev = min([self.rev(n) for n in roots])
         else:
             roots = [nullid] # Everybody's a descendant of nullid
             lowestrev = nullrev
         if (lowestrev == nullrev) and (heads is None):
             # We want _all_ the nodes!
             return ([self.node(r) for r in self], [nullid], list(self.heads()))
         if heads is None:
             # All nodes are ancestors, so the latest ancestor is the last
             # node.
             highestrev = len(self) - 1
             # Set ancestors to None to signal that every node is an ancestor.
             ancestors = None
             # Set heads to an empty dictionary for later discovery of heads
             heads = {}
         else:
             heads = list(heads)
             if not heads:
                 return nonodes
             ancestors = set()
             # Turn heads into a dictionary so we can remove 'fake' heads.
             # Also, later we will be using it to filter out the heads we can't
             # find from roots.
             heads = dict.fromkeys(heads, False)
             # Start at the top and keep marking parents until we're done.
             nodestotag = set(heads)
             # Remember where the top was so we can use it as a limit later.
             highestrev = max([self.rev(n) for n in nodestotag])
             while nodestotag:
                 # grab a node to tag
                 n = nodestotag.pop()
                 # Never tag nullid
                 if n == nullid:
                     continue
                 # A node's revision number represents its place in a
                 # topologically sorted list of nodes.
                 r = self.rev(n)
                 if r >= lowestrev:
                     if n not in ancestors:
                         # If we are possibly a descendant of one of the roots
                         # and we haven't already been marked as an ancestor
                         ancestors.add(n) # Mark as ancestor
                         # Add non-nullid parents to list of nodes to tag.
                         nodestotag.update([p for p in self.parents(n) if
                                            p != nullid])
                     elif n in heads: # We've seen it before, is it a fake head?
                         # So it is, real heads should not be the ancestors of
                         # any other heads.
                         heads.pop(n)
             if not ancestors:
                 return nonodes
             # Now that we have our set of ancestors, we want to remove any
             # roots that are not ancestors.
 
             # If one of the roots was nullid, everything is included anyway.
             if lowestrev > nullrev:
                 # But, since we weren't, let's recompute the lowest rev to not
                 # include roots that aren't ancestors.
 
                 # Filter out roots that aren't ancestors of heads
                 roots = [n for n in roots if n in ancestors]
                 # Recompute the lowest revision
                 if roots:
                     lowestrev = min([self.rev(n) for n in roots])
                 else:
                     # No more roots?  Return empty list
                     return nonodes
             else:
                 # We are descending from nullid, and don't need to care about
                 # any other roots.
                 lowestrev = nullrev
                 roots = [nullid]
         # Transform our roots list into a set.
         descendants = set(roots)
         # Also, keep the original roots so we can filter out roots that aren't
         # 'real' roots (i.e. are descended from other roots).
         roots = descendants.copy()
         # Our topologically sorted list of output nodes.
         orderedout = []
         # Don't start at nullid since we don't want nullid in our output list,
         # and if nullid shows up in descedents, empty parents will look like
         # they're descendants.
         for r in xrange(max(lowestrev, 0), highestrev + 1):
             n = self.node(r)
             isdescendant = False
             if lowestrev == nullrev:  # Everybody is a descendant of nullid
                 isdescendant = True
             elif n in descendants:
                 # n is already a descendant
                 isdescendant = True
                 # This check only needs to be done here because all the roots
                 # will start being marked is descendants before the loop.
                 if n in roots:
                     # If n was a root, check if it's a 'real' root.
                     p = tuple(self.parents(n))
                     # If any of its parents are descendants, it's not a root.
                     if (p[0] in descendants) or (p[1] in descendants):
                         roots.remove(n)
             else:
                 p = tuple(self.parents(n))
                 # A node is a descendant if either of its parents are
                 # descendants.  (We seeded the dependents list with the roots
                 # up there, remember?)
                 if (p[0] in descendants) or (p[1] in descendants):
                     descendants.add(n)
                     isdescendant = True
             if isdescendant and ((ancestors is None) or (n in ancestors)):
                 # Only include nodes that are both descendants and ancestors.
                 orderedout.append(n)
                 if (ancestors is not None) and (n in heads):
                     # We're trying to figure out which heads are reachable
                     # from roots.
                     # Mark this head as having been reached
                     heads[n] = True
                 elif ancestors is None:
                     # Otherwise, we're trying to discover the heads.
                     # Assume this is a head because if it isn't, the next step
                     # will eventually remove it.
                     heads[n] = True
                     # But, obviously its parents aren't.
                     for p in self.parents(n):
                         heads.pop(p, None)
         heads = [n for n, flag in heads.iteritems() if flag]
         roots = list(roots)
         assert orderedout
         assert roots
         assert heads
         return (orderedout, roots, heads)
 
     def headrevs(self):
         count = len(self)
         if not count:
             return [nullrev]
         ishead = [1] * (count + 1)
         index = self.index
         for r in xrange(count):
             e = index[r]
             ishead[e[5]] = ishead[e[6]] = 0
         return [r for r in xrange(count) if ishead[r]]
 
     def heads(self, start=None, stop=None):
         """return the list of all nodes that have no children
 
         if start is specified, only heads that are descendants of
         start will be returned
         if stop is specified, it will consider all the revs from stop
         as if they had no children
         """
         if start is None and stop is None:
             if not len(self):
                 return [nullid]
             return [self.node(r) for r in self.headrevs()]
 
         if start is None:
             start = nullid
         if stop is None:
             stop = []
         stoprevs = set([self.rev(n) for n in stop])
         startrev = self.rev(start)
         reachable = set((startrev,))
         heads = set((startrev,))
 
         parentrevs = self.parentrevs
         for r in xrange(startrev + 1, len(self)):
             for p in parentrevs(r):
                 if p in reachable:
                     if r not in stoprevs:
                         reachable.add(r)
                     heads.add(r)
                 if p in heads and p not in stoprevs:
                     heads.remove(p)
 
         return [self.node(r) for r in heads]
 
     def children(self, node):
         """find the children of a given node"""
         c = []
         p = self.rev(node)
         for r in range(p + 1, len(self)):
             prevs = [pr for pr in self.parentrevs(r) if pr != nullrev]
             if prevs:
                 for pr in prevs:
                     if pr == p:
                         c.append(self.node(r))
             elif p == nullrev:
                 c.append(self.node(r))
         return c
 
     def descendant(self, start, end):
         if start == nullrev:
             return True
         for i in self.descendants(start):
             if i == end:
                 return True
             elif i > end:
                 break
         return False
 
     def ancestor(self, a, b):
         """calculate the least common ancestor of nodes a and b"""
 
         # fast path, check if it is a descendant
         a, b = self.rev(a), self.rev(b)
         start, end = sorted((a, b))
         if self.descendant(start, end):
             return self.node(start)
 
         def parents(rev):
             return [p for p in self.parentrevs(rev) if p != nullrev]
 
         c = ancestor.ancestor(a, b, parents)
         if c is None:
             return nullid
 
         return self.node(c)
 
     def _match(self, id):
         if isinstance(id, (long, int)):
             # rev
             return self.node(id)
         if len(id) == 20:
             # possibly a binary node
             # odds of a binary node being all hex in ASCII are 1 in 10**25
             try:
                 node = id
                 self.rev(node) # quick search the index
                 return node
             except LookupError:
                 pass # may be partial hex id
         try:
             # str(rev)
             rev = int(id)
             if str(rev) != id:
                 raise ValueError
             if rev < 0:
                 rev = len(self) + rev
             if rev < 0 or rev >= len(self):
                 raise ValueError
             return self.node(rev)
         except (ValueError, OverflowError):
             pass
         if len(id) == 40:
             try:
                 # a full hex nodeid?
                 node = bin(id)
                 self.rev(node)
                 return node
             except (TypeError, LookupError):
                 pass
 
     def _partialmatch(self, id):
         if id in self._pcache:
             return self._pcache[id]
 
         if len(id) < 40:
             try:
                 # hex(node)[:...]
                 l = len(id) // 2  # grab an even number of digits
                 prefix = bin(id[:l * 2])
                 nl = [e[7] for e in self.index if e[7].startswith(prefix)]
                 nl = [n for n in nl if hex(n).startswith(id)]
                 if len(nl) > 0:
                     if len(nl) == 1:
                         self._pcache[id] = nl[0]
                         return nl[0]
                     raise LookupError(id, self.indexfile,
                                       _('ambiguous identifier'))
                 return None
             except TypeError:
                 pass
 
     def lookup(self, id):
         """locate a node based on:
             - revision number or str(revision number)
             - nodeid or subset of hex nodeid
         """
         n = self._match(id)
         if n is not None:
             return n
         n = self._partialmatch(id)
         if n:
             return n
 
         raise LookupError(id, self.indexfile, _('no match found'))
 
     def cmp(self, node, text):
         """compare text with a given file revision
 
         returns True if text is different than what is stored.
         """
         p1, p2 = self.parents(node)
         return hash(text, p1, p2) != node
 
     def _addchunk(self, offset, data):
         o, d = self._chunkcache
         # try to add to existing cache
         if o + len(d) == offset and len(d) + len(data) < _chunksize:
             self._chunkcache = o, d + data
         else:
             self._chunkcache = offset, data
 
     def _loadchunk(self, offset, length):
         if self._inline:
             df = self.opener(self.indexfile)
         else:
             df = self.opener(self.datafile)
 
         readahead = max(_chunksize, length)
         df.seek(offset)
         d = df.read(readahead)
         df.close()
         self._addchunk(offset, d)
         if readahead > length:
-            return d[:length]
+            return util.buffer(d, 0, length)
         return d
 
     def _getchunk(self, offset, length):
         o, d = self._chunkcache
         l = len(d)
 
         # is it in the cache?
         cachestart = offset - o
         cacheend = cachestart + length
         if cachestart >= 0 and cacheend <= l:
             if cachestart == 0 and cacheend == l:
                 return d # avoid a copy
-            return d[cachestart:cacheend]
+            return util.buffer(d, cachestart, cacheend - cachestart)
 
         return self._loadchunk(offset, length)
 
     def _chunkraw(self, startrev, endrev):
         start = self.start(startrev)
         length = self.end(endrev) - start
         if self._inline:
             start += (startrev + 1) * self._io.size
         return self._getchunk(start, length)
 
     def _chunk(self, rev):
         return decompress(self._chunkraw(rev, rev))
 
     def _chunkbase(self, rev):
         return self._chunk(rev)
 
     def _chunkclear(self):
         self._chunkcache = (0, '')
 
     def deltaparent(self, rev):
         """return deltaparent of the given revision"""
         base = self.index[rev][3]
         if base == rev:
             return nullrev
         elif self._generaldelta:
             return base
         else:
             return rev - 1
 
     def revdiff(self, rev1, rev2):
         """return or calculate a delta between two revisions"""
         if rev1 != nullrev and self.deltaparent(rev2) == rev1:
-            return self._chunk(rev2)
+            return str(self._chunk(rev2))
 
         return mdiff.textdiff(self.revision(self.node(rev1)),
                               self.revision(self.node(rev2)))
 
     def revision(self, nodeorrev):
         """return an uncompressed revision of a given node or"""
         if isinstance(nodeorrev, int):
             rev = nodeorrev
             node = self.node(rev)
         else:
             node = nodeorrev
             rev = None
 
         cachedrev = None
         if node == nullid:
             return ""
         if self._cache:
             if self._cache[0] == node:
                 return self._cache[2]
             cachedrev = self._cache[1]
 
         # look up what we need to read
         text = None
         if rev is None:
             rev = self.rev(node)
 
         # check rev flags
         if self.flags(rev) & ~REVIDX_KNOWN_FLAGS:
             raise RevlogError(_('incompatible revision flag %x') %
                               (self.flags(rev) & ~REVIDX_KNOWN_FLAGS))
 
         # build delta chain
         chain = []
         index = self.index # for performance
         generaldelta = self._generaldelta
         iterrev = rev
         e = index[iterrev]
         while iterrev != e[3] and iterrev != cachedrev:
             chain.append(iterrev)
             if generaldelta:
                 iterrev = e[3]
             else:
                 iterrev -= 1
             e = index[iterrev]
         chain.reverse()
         base = iterrev
 
         if iterrev == cachedrev:
             # cache hit
             text = self._cache[2]
 
         # drop cache to save memory
         self._cache = None
 
         self._chunkraw(base, rev)
         if text is None:
-            text = self._chunkbase(base)
+            text = str(self._chunkbase(base))
 
         bins = [self._chunk(r) for r in chain]
         text = mdiff.patches(text, bins)
 
         text = self._checkhash(text, node, rev)
 
         self._cache = (node, rev, text)
         return text
 
     def _checkhash(self, text, node, rev):
         p1, p2 = self.parents(node)
         if node != hash(text, p1, p2):
             raise RevlogError(_("integrity check failed on %s:%d")
                               % (self.indexfile, rev))
         return text
 
     def checkinlinesize(self, tr, fp=None):
         if not self._inline or (self.start(-2) + self.length(-2)) < _maxinline:
             return
 
         trinfo = tr.find(self.indexfile)
         if trinfo is None:
             raise RevlogError(_("%s not found in the transaction")
                               % self.indexfile)
 
         trindex = trinfo[2]
         dataoff = self.start(trindex)
 
         tr.add(self.datafile, dataoff)
 
         if fp:
             fp.flush()
             fp.close()
 
         df = self.opener(self.datafile, 'w')
         try:
             for r in self:
                 df.write(self._chunkraw(r, r))
         finally:
             df.close()
 
         fp = self.opener(self.indexfile, 'w', atomictemp=True)
         self.version &= ~(REVLOGNGINLINEDATA)
         self._inline = False
         for i in self:
             e = self._io.packentry(self.index[i], self.node, self.version, i)
             fp.write(e)
 
         # if we don't call close, the temp file will never replace the
         # real index
         fp.close()
 
         tr.replace(self.indexfile, trindex * self._io.size)
         self._chunkclear()
 
     def addrevision(self, text, transaction, link, p1, p2, cachedelta=None):
         """add a revision to the log
 
         text - the revision data to add
         transaction - the transaction object used for rollback
         link - the linkrev data to add
         p1, p2 - the parent nodeids of the revision
         cachedelta - an optional precomputed delta
         """
         node = hash(text, p1, p2)
         if node in self.nodemap:
             return node
 
         dfh = None
         if not self._inline:
             dfh = self.opener(self.datafile, "a")
         ifh = self.opener(self.indexfile, "a+")
         try:
             return self._addrevision(node, text, transaction, link, p1, p2,
                                      cachedelta, ifh, dfh)
         finally:
             if dfh:
                 dfh.close()
             ifh.close()
 
     def _addrevision(self, node, text, transaction, link, p1, p2,
                      cachedelta, ifh, dfh):
         """internal function to add revisions to the log
 
         see addrevision for argument descriptions.
         invariants:
         - text is optional (can be None); if not set, cachedelta must be set.
           if both are set, they must correspond to eachother.
         """
         btext = [text]
         def buildtext():
             if btext[0] is not None:
                 return btext[0]
             # flush any pending writes here so we can read it in revision
             if dfh:
                 dfh.flush()
             ifh.flush()
             basetext = self.revision(self.node(cachedelta[0]))
             btext[0] = mdiff.patch(basetext, cachedelta[1])
             chk = hash(btext[0], p1, p2)
             if chk != node:
                 raise RevlogError(_("consistency error in delta"))
             return btext[0]
 
         def builddelta(rev):
             # can we use the cached delta?
             if cachedelta and cachedelta[0] == rev:
                 delta = cachedelta[1]
             else:
                 t = buildtext()
                 ptext = self.revision(self.node(rev))
                 delta = mdiff.textdiff(ptext, t)
             data = compress(delta)
             l = len(data[1]) + len(data[0])
             if basecache[0] == rev:
                 chainbase = basecache[1]
             else:
                 chainbase = self.chainbase(rev)
             dist = l + offset - self.start(chainbase)
             if self._generaldelta:
                 base = rev
             else:
                 base = chainbase
             return dist, l, data, base, chainbase
 
         curr = len(self)
         prev = curr - 1
         base = chainbase = curr
         offset = self.end(prev)
         flags = 0
         d = None
         basecache = self._basecache
         p1r, p2r = self.rev(p1), self.rev(p2)
 
         # should we try to build a delta?
         if prev != nullrev:
             if self._generaldelta:
                 if p1r >= basecache[1]:
                     d = builddelta(p1r)
                 elif p2r >= basecache[1]:
                     d = builddelta(p2r)
                 else:
                     d = builddelta(prev)
             else:
                 d = builddelta(prev)
             dist, l, data, base, chainbase = d
 
         # full versions are inserted when the needed deltas
         # become comparable to the uncompressed text
         if text is None:
             textlen = mdiff.patchedsize(self.rawsize(cachedelta[0]),
                                         cachedelta[1])
         else:
             textlen = len(text)
         if d is None or dist > textlen * 2:
             text = buildtext()
             data = compress(text)
             l = len(data[1]) + len(data[0])
             base = chainbase = curr
 
         e = (offset_type(offset, flags), l, textlen,
              base, link, p1r, p2r, node)
         self.index.insert(-1, e)
         self.nodemap[node] = curr
 
         entry = self._io.packentry(e, self.node, self.version, curr)
         if not self._inline:
             transaction.add(self.datafile, offset)
             transaction.add(self.indexfile, curr * len(entry))
             if data[0]:
                 dfh.write(data[0])
             dfh.write(data[1])
             dfh.flush()
             ifh.write(entry)
         else:
             offset += curr * self._io.size
             transaction.add(self.indexfile, offset, curr)
             ifh.write(entry)
             ifh.write(data[0])
             ifh.write(data[1])
             self.checkinlinesize(transaction, ifh)
 
         if type(text) == str: # only accept immutable objects
             self._cache = (node, curr, text)
         self._basecache = (curr, chainbase)
         return node
 
     def group(self, nodelist, bundler, reorder=None):
         """Calculate a delta group, yielding a sequence of changegroup chunks
         (strings).
 
         Given a list of changeset revs, return a set of deltas and
         metadata corresponding to nodes. The first delta is
         first parent(nodelist[0]) -> nodelist[0], the receiver is
         guaranteed to have this parent as it has all history before
         these changesets. In the case firstparent is nullrev the
         changegroup starts with a full revision.
         """
 
         # if we don't have any revisions touched by these changesets, bail
         if len(nodelist) == 0:
             yield bundler.close()
             return
 
         # for generaldelta revlogs, we linearize the revs; this will both be
         # much quicker and generate a much smaller bundle
         if (self._generaldelta and reorder is not False) or reorder:
             dag = dagutil.revlogdag(self)
             revs = set(self.rev(n) for n in nodelist)
             revs = dag.linearize(revs)
         else:
             revs = sorted([self.rev(n) for n in nodelist])
 
         # add the parent of the first rev
         p = self.parentrevs(revs[0])[0]
         revs.insert(0, p)
 
         # build deltas
         for r in xrange(len(revs) - 1):
             prev, curr = revs[r], revs[r + 1]
             for c in bundler.revchunk(self, curr, prev):
                 yield c
 
         yield bundler.close()
 
     def addgroup(self, bundle, linkmapper, transaction):
         """
         add a delta group
 
         given a set of deltas, add them to the revision log. the
         first delta is against its parent, which should be in our
         log, the rest are against the previous delta.
         """
 
         # track the base of the current delta log
         content = []
         node = None
 
         r = len(self)
         end = 0
         if r:
             end = self.end(r - 1)
         ifh = self.opener(self.indexfile, "a+")
         isize = r * self._io.size
         if self._inline:
             transaction.add(self.indexfile, end + isize, r)
             dfh = None
         else:
             transaction.add(self.indexfile, isize, r)
             transaction.add(self.datafile, end)
             dfh = self.opener(self.datafile, "a")
 
         try:
             # loop through our set of deltas
             chain = None
             while True:
                 chunkdata = bundle.deltachunk(chain)
                 if not chunkdata:
                     break
                 node = chunkdata['node']
                 p1 = chunkdata['p1']
                 p2 = chunkdata['p2']
                 cs = chunkdata['cs']
                 deltabase = chunkdata['deltabase']
                 delta = chunkdata['delta']
 
                 content.append(node)
 
                 link = linkmapper(cs)
                 if node in self.nodemap:
                     # this can happen if two branches make the same change
                     chain = node
                     continue
 
                 for p in (p1, p2):
                     if not p in self.nodemap:
                         raise LookupError(p, self.indexfile,
                                           _('unknown parent'))
 
                 if deltabase not in self.nodemap:
                     raise LookupError(deltabase, self.indexfile,
                                       _('unknown delta base'))
 
                 baserev = self.rev(deltabase)
                 chain = self._addrevision(node, None, transaction, link,
                                           p1, p2, (baserev, delta), ifh, dfh)
                 if not dfh and not self._inline:
                     # addrevision switched from inline to conventional
                     # reopen the index
                     ifh.close()
                     dfh = self.opener(self.datafile, "a")
                     ifh = self.opener(self.indexfile, "a")
         finally:
             if dfh:
                 dfh.close()
             ifh.close()
 
         return content
 
     def strip(self, minlink, transaction):
         """truncate the revlog on the first revision with a linkrev >= minlink
 
         This function is called when we're stripping revision minlink and
         its descendants from the repository.
 
         We have to remove all revisions with linkrev >= minlink, because
         the equivalent changelog revisions will be renumbered after the
         strip.
 
         So we truncate the revlog on the first of these revisions, and
         trust that the caller has saved the revisions that shouldn't be
         removed and that it'll re-add them after this truncation.
         """
         if len(self) == 0:
             return
 
         for rev in self:
             if self.index[rev][4] >= minlink:
                 break
         else:
             return
 
         # first truncate the files on disk
         end = self.start(rev)
         if not self._inline:
             transaction.add(self.datafile, end)
             end = rev * self._io.size
         else:
             end += rev * self._io.size
 
         transaction.add(self.indexfile, end)
 
         # then reset internal state in memory to forget those revisions
         self._cache = None
         self._chunkclear()
         for x in xrange(rev, len(self)):
             del self.nodemap[self.node(x)]
 
         del self.index[rev:-1]
 
     def checksize(self):
         expected = 0
         if len(self):
             expected = max(0, self.end(len(self) - 1))
 
         try:
             f = self.opener(self.datafile)
             f.seek(0, 2)
             actual = f.tell()
             f.close()
             dd = actual - expected
         except IOError, inst:
             if inst.errno != errno.ENOENT:
                 raise
             dd = 0
 
         try:
             f = self.opener(self.indexfile)
             f.seek(0, 2)
             actual = f.tell()
             f.close()
             s = self._io.size
             i = max(0, actual // s)
             di = actual - (i * s)
             if self._inline:
                 databytes = 0
                 for r in self:
                     databytes += max(0, self.length(r))
                 dd = 0
                 di = actual - len(self) * s - databytes
         except IOError, inst:
             if inst.errno != errno.ENOENT:
                 raise
             di = 0
 
         return (dd, di)
 
     def files(self):
         res = [self.indexfile]
         if not self._inline:
             res.append(self.datafile)
         return res