chunkbuffer: use += rather than cStringIO to reduce memory footprint

This significantly refactors the read() loop to use a queue of chunks.
The queue is alternately filled to at least 256k and then emptied by
concatenating onto the output buffer.

For very large read sizes, += uses less memory because it can resize
the target string in place.

mercurial/util.py

@@ -1,1390 +1,1395 b''
 # util.py - Mercurial utility functions and platform specfic implementations
 #
 #  Copyright 2005 K. Thananchayan <[e-mail]>
 #  Copyright 2005-2007 Matt Mackall <[e-mail]>
 #  Copyright 2006 Vadim Gelfer <[e-mail]>
 #
 # This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
 # GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
 
 """Mercurial utility functions and platform specfic implementations.
 
 This contains helper routines that are independent of the SCM core and
 hide platform-specific details from the core.
 """
 
 from i18n import _
 import error, osutil, encoding
-import cStringIO, errno, re, shutil, sys, tempfile, traceback
+import errno, re, shutil, sys, tempfile, traceback
 import os, stat, time, calendar, textwrap, unicodedata, signal
 import imp
 
 # Python compatibility
 
 def sha1(s):
     return _fastsha1(s)
 
 def _fastsha1(s):
     # This function will import sha1 from hashlib or sha (whichever is
     # available) and overwrite itself with it on the first call.
     # Subsequent calls will go directly to the imported function.
     try:
         from hashlib import sha1 as _sha1
     except ImportError:
         from sha import sha as _sha1
     global _fastsha1, sha1
     _fastsha1 = sha1 = _sha1
     return _sha1(s)
 
 import __builtin__
 
 def fakebuffer(sliceable, offset=0):
     return sliceable[offset:]
 if not hasattr(__builtin__, 'buffer'):
     __builtin__.buffer = fakebuffer
 
 import subprocess
 closefds = os.name == 'posix'
 
 def popen2(cmd, env=None, newlines=False):
     # Setting bufsize to -1 lets the system decide the buffer size.
     # The default for bufsize is 0, meaning unbuffered. This leads to
     # poor performance on Mac OS X: http://bugs.python.org/issue4194
     p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, bufsize=-1,
                          close_fds=closefds,
                          stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                          universal_newlines=newlines,
                          env=env)
     return p.stdin, p.stdout
 
 def popen3(cmd, env=None, newlines=False):
     p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, bufsize=-1,
                          close_fds=closefds,
                          stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                          stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                          universal_newlines=newlines,
                          env=env)
     return p.stdin, p.stdout, p.stderr
 
 def version():
     """Return version information if available."""
     try:
         import __version__
         return __version__.version
     except ImportError:
         return 'unknown'
 
 # used by parsedate
 defaultdateformats = (
     '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
     '%Y-%m-%d %I:%M:%S%p',
     '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M',
     '%Y-%m-%d %I:%M%p',
     '%Y-%m-%d',
     '%m-%d',
     '%m/%d',
     '%m/%d/%y',
     '%m/%d/%Y',
     '%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y',
     '%a %b %d %I:%M:%S%p %Y',
     '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',        #  GNU coreutils "/bin/date --rfc-2822"
     '%b %d %H:%M:%S %Y',
     '%b %d %I:%M:%S%p %Y',
     '%b %d %H:%M:%S',
     '%b %d %I:%M:%S%p',
     '%b %d %H:%M',
     '%b %d %I:%M%p',
     '%b %d %Y',
     '%b %d',
     '%H:%M:%S',
     '%I:%M:%S%p',
     '%H:%M',
     '%I:%M%p',
 )
 
 extendeddateformats = defaultdateformats + (
     "%Y",
     "%Y-%m",
     "%b",
     "%b %Y",
     )
 
 def cachefunc(func):
     '''cache the result of function calls'''
     # XXX doesn't handle keywords args
     cache = {}
     if func.func_code.co_argcount == 1:
         # we gain a small amount of time because
         # we don't need to pack/unpack the list
         def f(arg):
             if arg not in cache:
                 cache[arg] = func(arg)
             return cache[arg]
     else:
         def f(*args):
             if args not in cache:
                 cache[args] = func(*args)
             return cache[args]
 
     return f
 
 def lrucachefunc(func):
     '''cache most recent results of function calls'''
     cache = {}
     order = []
     if func.func_code.co_argcount == 1:
         def f(arg):
             if arg not in cache:
                 if len(cache) > 20:
                     del cache[order.pop(0)]
                 cache[arg] = func(arg)
             else:
                 order.remove(arg)
             order.append(arg)
             return cache[arg]
     else:
         def f(*args):
             if args not in cache:
                 if len(cache) > 20:
                     del cache[order.pop(0)]
                 cache[args] = func(*args)
             else:
                 order.remove(args)
             order.append(args)
             return cache[args]
 
     return f
 
 class propertycache(object):
     def __init__(self, func):
         self.func = func
         self.name = func.__name__
     def __get__(self, obj, type=None):
         result = self.func(obj)
         setattr(obj, self.name, result)
         return result
 
 def pipefilter(s, cmd):
     '''filter string S through command CMD, returning its output'''
     p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, close_fds=closefds,
                          stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
     pout, perr = p.communicate(s)
     return pout
 
 def tempfilter(s, cmd):
     '''filter string S through a pair of temporary files with CMD.
     CMD is used as a template to create the real command to be run,
     with the strings INFILE and OUTFILE replaced by the real names of
     the temporary files generated.'''
     inname, outname = None, None
     try:
         infd, inname = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix='hg-filter-in-')
         fp = os.fdopen(infd, 'wb')
         fp.write(s)
         fp.close()
         outfd, outname = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix='hg-filter-out-')
         os.close(outfd)
         cmd = cmd.replace('INFILE', inname)
         cmd = cmd.replace('OUTFILE', outname)
         code = os.system(cmd)
         if sys.platform == 'OpenVMS' and code & 1:
             code = 0
         if code:
             raise Abort(_("command '%s' failed: %s") %
                         (cmd, explain_exit(code)))
         return open(outname, 'rb').read()
     finally:
         try:
             if inname:
                 os.unlink(inname)
         except:
             pass
         try:
             if outname:
                 os.unlink(outname)
         except:
             pass
 
 filtertable = {
     'tempfile:': tempfilter,
     'pipe:': pipefilter,
     }
 
 def filter(s, cmd):
     "filter a string through a command that transforms its input to its output"
     for name, fn in filtertable.iteritems():
         if cmd.startswith(name):
             return fn(s, cmd[len(name):].lstrip())
     return pipefilter(s, cmd)
 
 def binary(s):
     """return true if a string is binary data"""
     return bool(s and '\0' in s)
 
 def increasingchunks(source, min=1024, max=65536):
     '''return no less than min bytes per chunk while data remains,
     doubling min after each chunk until it reaches max'''
     def log2(x):
         if not x:
             return 0
         i = 0
         while x:
             x >>= 1
             i += 1
         return i - 1
 
     buf = []
     blen = 0
     for chunk in source:
         buf.append(chunk)
         blen += len(chunk)
         if blen >= min:
             if min < max:
                 min = min << 1
                 nmin = 1 << log2(blen)
                 if nmin > min:
                     min = nmin
                 if min > max:
                     min = max
             yield ''.join(buf)
             blen = 0
             buf = []
     if buf:
         yield ''.join(buf)
 
 Abort = error.Abort
 
 def always(fn):
     return True
 
 def never(fn):
     return False
 
 def pathto(root, n1, n2):
     '''return the relative path from one place to another.
     root should use os.sep to separate directories
     n1 should use os.sep to separate directories
     n2 should use "/" to separate directories
     returns an os.sep-separated path.
 
     If n1 is a relative path, it's assumed it's
     relative to root.
     n2 should always be relative to root.
     '''
     if not n1:
         return localpath(n2)
     if os.path.isabs(n1):
         if os.path.splitdrive(root)[0] != os.path.splitdrive(n1)[0]:
             return os.path.join(root, localpath(n2))
         n2 = '/'.join((pconvert(root), n2))
     a, b = splitpath(n1), n2.split('/')
     a.reverse()
     b.reverse()
     while a and b and a[-1] == b[-1]:
         a.pop()
         b.pop()
     b.reverse()
     return os.sep.join((['..'] * len(a)) + b) or '.'
 
 def canonpath(root, cwd, myname):
     """return the canonical path of myname, given cwd and root"""
     if endswithsep(root):
         rootsep = root
     else:
         rootsep = root + os.sep
     name = myname
     if not os.path.isabs(name):
         name = os.path.join(root, cwd, name)
     name = os.path.normpath(name)
     audit_path = path_auditor(root)
     if name != rootsep and name.startswith(rootsep):
         name = name[len(rootsep):]
         audit_path(name)
         return pconvert(name)
     elif name == root:
         return ''
     else:
         # Determine whether `name' is in the hierarchy at or beneath `root',
         # by iterating name=dirname(name) until that causes no change (can't
         # check name == '/', because that doesn't work on windows).  For each
         # `name', compare dev/inode numbers.  If they match, the list `rel'
         # holds the reversed list of components making up the relative file
         # name we want.
         root_st = os.stat(root)
         rel = []
         while True:
             try:
                 name_st = os.stat(name)
             except OSError:
                 break
             if samestat(name_st, root_st):
                 if not rel:
                     # name was actually the same as root (maybe a symlink)
                     return ''
                 rel.reverse()
                 name = os.path.join(*rel)
                 audit_path(name)
                 return pconvert(name)
             dirname, basename = os.path.split(name)
             rel.append(basename)
             if dirname == name:
                 break
             name = dirname
 
         raise Abort('%s not under root' % myname)
 
 _hgexecutable = None
 
 def main_is_frozen():
     """return True if we are a frozen executable.
 
     The code supports py2exe (most common, Windows only) and tools/freeze
     (portable, not much used).
     """
     return (hasattr(sys, "frozen") or # new py2exe
             hasattr(sys, "importers") or # old py2exe
             imp.is_frozen("__main__")) # tools/freeze
 
 def hgexecutable():
     """return location of the 'hg' executable.
 
     Defaults to $HG or 'hg' in the search path.
     """
     if _hgexecutable is None:
         hg = os.environ.get('HG')
         if hg:
             set_hgexecutable(hg)
         elif main_is_frozen():
             set_hgexecutable(sys.executable)
         else:
             exe = find_exe('hg') or os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
             set_hgexecutable(exe)
     return _hgexecutable
 
 def set_hgexecutable(path):
     """set location of the 'hg' executable"""
     global _hgexecutable
     _hgexecutable = path
 
 def system(cmd, environ={}, cwd=None, onerr=None, errprefix=None, out=None):
     '''enhanced shell command execution.
     run with environment maybe modified, maybe in different dir.
 
     if command fails and onerr is None, return status.  if ui object,
     print error message and return status, else raise onerr object as
     exception.
 
     if out is specified, it is assumed to be a file-like object that has a
     write() method. stdout and stderr will be redirected to out.'''
     def py2shell(val):
         'convert python object into string that is useful to shell'
         if val is None or val is False:
             return '0'
         if val is True:
             return '1'
         return str(val)
     origcmd = cmd
     if os.name == 'nt':
         cmd = '"%s"' % cmd
     env = dict(os.environ)
     env.update((k, py2shell(v)) for k, v in environ.iteritems())
     env['HG'] = hgexecutable()
     if out is None:
         rc = subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True, close_fds=closefds,
                              env=env, cwd=cwd)
     else:
         proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, close_fds=closefds,
                                 env=env, cwd=cwd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                 stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
         for line in proc.stdout:
             out.write(line)
         proc.wait()
         rc = proc.returncode
     if sys.platform == 'OpenVMS' and rc & 1:
         rc = 0
     if rc and onerr:
         errmsg = '%s %s' % (os.path.basename(origcmd.split(None, 1)[0]),
                             explain_exit(rc)[0])
         if errprefix:
             errmsg = '%s: %s' % (errprefix, errmsg)
         try:
             onerr.warn(errmsg + '\n')
         except AttributeError:
             raise onerr(errmsg)
     return rc
 
 def checksignature(func):
     '''wrap a function with code to check for calling errors'''
     def check(*args, **kwargs):
         try:
             return func(*args, **kwargs)
         except TypeError:
             if len(traceback.extract_tb(sys.exc_info()[2])) == 1:
                 raise error.SignatureError
             raise
 
     return check
 
 # os.path.lexists is not available on python2.3
 def lexists(filename):
     "test whether a file with this name exists. does not follow symlinks"
     try:
         os.lstat(filename)
     except:
         return False
     return True
 
 def unlink(f):
     """unlink and remove the directory if it is empty"""
     os.unlink(f)
     # try removing directories that might now be empty
     try:
         os.removedirs(os.path.dirname(f))
     except OSError:
         pass
 
 def copyfile(src, dest):
     "copy a file, preserving mode and atime/mtime"
     if os.path.islink(src):
         try:
             os.unlink(dest)
         except:
             pass
         os.symlink(os.readlink(src), dest)
     else:
         try:
             shutil.copyfile(src, dest)
             shutil.copystat(src, dest)
         except shutil.Error, inst:
             raise Abort(str(inst))
 
 def copyfiles(src, dst, hardlink=None):
     """Copy a directory tree using hardlinks if possible"""
 
     if hardlink is None:
         hardlink = (os.stat(src).st_dev ==
                     os.stat(os.path.dirname(dst)).st_dev)
 
     num = 0
     if os.path.isdir(src):
         os.mkdir(dst)
         for name, kind in osutil.listdir(src):
             srcname = os.path.join(src, name)
             dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)
             hardlink, n = copyfiles(srcname, dstname, hardlink)
             num += n
     else:
         if hardlink:
             try:
                 os_link(src, dst)
             except (IOError, OSError):
                 hardlink = False
                 shutil.copy(src, dst)
         else:
             shutil.copy(src, dst)
         num += 1
 
     return hardlink, num
 
 class path_auditor(object):
     '''ensure that a filesystem path contains no banned components.
     the following properties of a path are checked:
 
     - under top-level .hg
     - starts at the root of a windows drive
     - contains ".."
     - traverses a symlink (e.g. a/symlink_here/b)
     - inside a nested repository'''
 
     def __init__(self, root):
         self.audited = set()
         self.auditeddir = set()
         self.root = root
 
     def __call__(self, path):
         if path in self.audited:
             return
         normpath = os.path.normcase(path)
         parts = splitpath(normpath)
         if (os.path.splitdrive(path)[0]
             or parts[0].lower() in ('.hg', '.hg.', '')
             or os.pardir in parts):
             raise Abort(_("path contains illegal component: %s") % path)
         if '.hg' in path.lower():
             lparts = [p.lower() for p in parts]
             for p in '.hg', '.hg.':
                 if p in lparts[1:]:
                     pos = lparts.index(p)
                     base = os.path.join(*parts[:pos])
                     raise Abort(_('path %r is inside repo %r') % (path, base))
         def check(prefix):
             curpath = os.path.join(self.root, prefix)
             try:
                 st = os.lstat(curpath)
             except OSError, err:
                 # EINVAL can be raised as invalid path syntax under win32.
                 # They must be ignored for patterns can be checked too.
                 if err.errno not in (errno.ENOENT, errno.ENOTDIR, errno.EINVAL):
                     raise
             else:
                 if stat.S_ISLNK(st.st_mode):
                     raise Abort(_('path %r traverses symbolic link %r') %
                                 (path, prefix))
                 elif (stat.S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) and
                       os.path.isdir(os.path.join(curpath, '.hg'))):
                     raise Abort(_('path %r is inside repo %r') %
                                 (path, prefix))
         parts.pop()
         prefixes = []
         while parts:
             prefix = os.sep.join(parts)
             if prefix in self.auditeddir:
                 break
             check(prefix)
             prefixes.append(prefix)
             parts.pop()
 
         self.audited.add(path)
         # only add prefixes to the cache after checking everything: we don't
         # want to add "foo/bar/baz" before checking if there's a "foo/.hg"
         self.auditeddir.update(prefixes)
 
 def nlinks(pathname):
     """Return number of hardlinks for the given file."""
     return os.lstat(pathname).st_nlink
 
 if hasattr(os, 'link'):
     os_link = os.link
 else:
     def os_link(src, dst):
         raise OSError(0, _("Hardlinks not supported"))
 
 def lookup_reg(key, name=None, scope=None):
     return None
 
 def hidewindow():
     """Hide current shell window.
 
     Used to hide the window opened when starting asynchronous
     child process under Windows, unneeded on other systems.
     """
     pass
 
 if os.name == 'nt':
     from windows import *
 else:
     from posix import *
 
 def makelock(info, pathname):
     try:
         return os.symlink(info, pathname)
     except OSError, why:
         if why.errno == errno.EEXIST:
             raise
     except AttributeError: # no symlink in os
         pass
 
     ld = os.open(pathname, os.O_CREAT | os.O_WRONLY | os.O_EXCL)
     os.write(ld, info)
     os.close(ld)
 
 def readlock(pathname):
     try:
         return os.readlink(pathname)
     except OSError, why:
         if why.errno not in (errno.EINVAL, errno.ENOSYS):
             raise
     except AttributeError: # no symlink in os
         pass
     return posixfile(pathname).read()
 
 def fstat(fp):
     '''stat file object that may not have fileno method.'''
     try:
         return os.fstat(fp.fileno())
     except AttributeError:
         return os.stat(fp.name)
 
 # File system features
 
 def checkcase(path):
     """
     Check whether the given path is on a case-sensitive filesystem
 
     Requires a path (like /foo/.hg) ending with a foldable final
     directory component.
     """
     s1 = os.stat(path)
     d, b = os.path.split(path)
     p2 = os.path.join(d, b.upper())
     if path == p2:
         p2 = os.path.join(d, b.lower())
     try:
         s2 = os.stat(p2)
         if s2 == s1:
             return False
         return True
     except:
         return True
 
 _fspathcache = {}
 def fspath(name, root):
     '''Get name in the case stored in the filesystem
 
     The name is either relative to root, or it is an absolute path starting
     with root. Note that this function is unnecessary, and should not be
     called, for case-sensitive filesystems (simply because it's expensive).
     '''
     # If name is absolute, make it relative
     if name.lower().startswith(root.lower()):
         l = len(root)
         if name[l] == os.sep or name[l] == os.altsep:
             l = l + 1
         name = name[l:]
 
     if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(root, name)):
         return None
 
     seps = os.sep
     if os.altsep:
         seps = seps + os.altsep
     # Protect backslashes. This gets silly very quickly.
     seps.replace('\\','\\\\')
     pattern = re.compile(r'([^%s]+)|([%s]+)' % (seps, seps))
     dir = os.path.normcase(os.path.normpath(root))
     result = []
     for part, sep in pattern.findall(name):
         if sep:
             result.append(sep)
             continue
 
         if dir not in _fspathcache:
             _fspathcache[dir] = os.listdir(dir)
         contents = _fspathcache[dir]
 
         lpart = part.lower()
         lenp = len(part)
         for n in contents:
             if lenp == len(n) and n.lower() == lpart:
                 result.append(n)
                 break
         else:
             # Cannot happen, as the file exists!
             result.append(part)
         dir = os.path.join(dir, lpart)
 
     return ''.join(result)
 
 def checkexec(path):
     """
     Check whether the given path is on a filesystem with UNIX-like exec flags
 
     Requires a directory (like /foo/.hg)
     """
 
     # VFAT on some Linux versions can flip mode but it doesn't persist
     # a FS remount. Frequently we can detect it if files are created
     # with exec bit on.
 
     try:
         EXECFLAGS = stat.S_IXUSR | stat.S_IXGRP | stat.S_IXOTH
         fh, fn = tempfile.mkstemp(dir=path, prefix='hg-checkexec-')
         try:
             os.close(fh)
             m = os.stat(fn).st_mode & 0777
             new_file_has_exec = m & EXECFLAGS
             os.chmod(fn, m ^ EXECFLAGS)
             exec_flags_cannot_flip = ((os.stat(fn).st_mode & 0777) == m)
         finally:
             os.unlink(fn)
     except (IOError, OSError):
         # we don't care, the user probably won't be able to commit anyway
         return False
     return not (new_file_has_exec or exec_flags_cannot_flip)
 
 def checklink(path):
     """check whether the given path is on a symlink-capable filesystem"""
     # mktemp is not racy because symlink creation will fail if the
     # file already exists
     name = tempfile.mktemp(dir=path, prefix='hg-checklink-')
     try:
         os.symlink(".", name)
         os.unlink(name)
         return True
     except (OSError, AttributeError):
         return False
 
 def needbinarypatch():
     """return True if patches should be applied in binary mode by default."""
     return os.name == 'nt'
 
 def endswithsep(path):
     '''Check path ends with os.sep or os.altsep.'''
     return path.endswith(os.sep) or os.altsep and path.endswith(os.altsep)
 
 def splitpath(path):
     '''Split path by os.sep.
     Note that this function does not use os.altsep because this is
     an alternative of simple "xxx.split(os.sep)".
     It is recommended to use os.path.normpath() before using this
     function if need.'''
     return path.split(os.sep)
 
 def gui():
     '''Are we running in a GUI?'''
     return os.name == "nt" or os.name == "mac" or os.environ.get("DISPLAY")
 
 def mktempcopy(name, emptyok=False, createmode=None):
     """Create a temporary file with the same contents from name
 
     The permission bits are copied from the original file.
 
     If the temporary file is going to be truncated immediately, you
     can use emptyok=True as an optimization.
 
     Returns the name of the temporary file.
     """
     d, fn = os.path.split(name)
     fd, temp = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix='.%s-' % fn, dir=d)
     os.close(fd)
     # Temporary files are created with mode 0600, which is usually not
     # what we want.  If the original file already exists, just copy
     # its mode.  Otherwise, manually obey umask.
     try:
         st_mode = os.lstat(name).st_mode & 0777
     except OSError, inst:
         if inst.errno != errno.ENOENT:
             raise
         st_mode = createmode
         if st_mode is None:
             st_mode = ~umask
         st_mode &= 0666
     os.chmod(temp, st_mode)
     if emptyok:
         return temp
     try:
         try:
             ifp = posixfile(name, "rb")
         except IOError, inst:
             if inst.errno == errno.ENOENT:
                 return temp
             if not getattr(inst, 'filename', None):
                 inst.filename = name
             raise
         ofp = posixfile(temp, "wb")
         for chunk in filechunkiter(ifp):
             ofp.write(chunk)
         ifp.close()
         ofp.close()
     except:
         try: os.unlink(temp)
         except: pass
         raise
     return temp
 
 class atomictempfile(object):
     """file-like object that atomically updates a file
 
     All writes will be redirected to a temporary copy of the original
     file.  When rename is called, the copy is renamed to the original
     name, making the changes visible.
     """
     def __init__(self, name, mode='w+b', createmode=None):
         self.__name = name
         self._fp = None
         self.temp = mktempcopy(name, emptyok=('w' in mode),
                                createmode=createmode)
         self._fp = posixfile(self.temp, mode)
 
     def __getattr__(self, name):
         return getattr(self._fp, name)
 
     def rename(self):
         if not self._fp.closed:
             self._fp.close()
             rename(self.temp, localpath(self.__name))
 
     def __del__(self):
         if not self._fp:
             return
         if not self._fp.closed:
             try:
                 os.unlink(self.temp)
             except: pass
             self._fp.close()
 
 def makedirs(name, mode=None):
     """recursive directory creation with parent mode inheritance"""
     try:
         os.mkdir(name)
         if mode is not None:
             os.chmod(name, mode)
         return
     except OSError, err:
         if err.errno == errno.EEXIST:
             return
         if err.errno != errno.ENOENT:
             raise
     parent = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(name))
     makedirs(parent, mode)
     makedirs(name, mode)
 
 class opener(object):
     """Open files relative to a base directory
 
     This class is used to hide the details of COW semantics and
     remote file access from higher level code.
     """
     def __init__(self, base, audit=True):
         self.base = base
         if audit:
             self.audit_path = path_auditor(base)
         else:
             self.audit_path = always
         self.createmode = None
 
     @propertycache
     def _can_symlink(self):
         return checklink(self.base)
 
     def _fixfilemode(self, name):
         if self.createmode is None:
             return
         os.chmod(name, self.createmode & 0666)
 
     def __call__(self, path, mode="r", text=False, atomictemp=False):
         self.audit_path(path)
         f = os.path.join(self.base, path)
 
         if not text and "b" not in mode:
             mode += "b" # for that other OS
 
         nlink = -1
         if mode not in ("r", "rb"):
             try:
                 nlink = nlinks(f)
             except OSError:
                 nlink = 0
                 d = os.path.dirname(f)
                 if not os.path.isdir(d):
                     makedirs(d, self.createmode)
             if atomictemp:
                 return atomictempfile(f, mode, self.createmode)
             if nlink > 1:
                 rename(mktempcopy(f), f)
         fp = posixfile(f, mode)
         if nlink == 0:
             self._fixfilemode(f)
         return fp
 
     def symlink(self, src, dst):
         self.audit_path(dst)
         linkname = os.path.join(self.base, dst)
         try:
             os.unlink(linkname)
         except OSError:
             pass
 
         dirname = os.path.dirname(linkname)
         if not os.path.exists(dirname):
             makedirs(dirname, self.createmode)
 
         if self._can_symlink:
             try:
                 os.symlink(src, linkname)
             except OSError, err:
                 raise OSError(err.errno, _('could not symlink to %r: %s') %
                               (src, err.strerror), linkname)
         else:
             f = self(dst, "w")
             f.write(src)
             f.close()
             self._fixfilemode(dst)
 
 class chunkbuffer(object):
     """Allow arbitrary sized chunks of data to be efficiently read from an
     iterator over chunks of arbitrary size."""
 
     def __init__(self, in_iter):
         """in_iter is the iterator that's iterating over the input chunks.
         targetsize is how big a buffer to try to maintain."""
         self.iter = iter(in_iter)
-        self.buf = ''
-        self.targetsize = 2**16
+        self._queue = []
 
     def read(self, l):
         """Read L bytes of data from the iterator of chunks of data.
         Returns less than L bytes if the iterator runs dry."""
-        if l > len(self.buf) and self.iter:
-            # Clamp to a multiple of self.targetsize
-            targetsize = max(l, self.targetsize)
-            collector = cStringIO.StringIO()
-            collector.write(self.buf)
-            collected = len(self.buf)
-            for chunk in self.iter:
-                collector.write(chunk)
-                collected += len(chunk)
-                if collected >= targetsize:
+        left = l
+        buf = ''
+        queue = self._queue
+        while left > 0:
+            # refill the queue
+            if not queue:
+                target = 2**18
+                for chunk in self.iter:
+                    queue.append(chunk)
+                    target -= len(chunk)
+                    if target <= 0:
+                        break
+                if not queue:
                     break
-            if collected < targetsize:
-                self.iter = False
-            self.buf = collector.getvalue()
-        if len(self.buf) == l:
-            s, self.buf = str(self.buf), ''
-        else:
-            s, self.buf = self.buf[:l], buffer(self.buf, l)
-        return s
+
+            chunk = queue.pop(0)
+            left -= len(chunk)
+            if left < 0:
+                queue.insert(0, chunk[left:])
+                buf += chunk[:left]
+            else:
+                buf += chunk
+
+        return buf
+
 
 def filechunkiter(f, size=65536, limit=None):
     """Create a generator that produces the data in the file size
     (default 65536) bytes at a time, up to optional limit (default is
     to read all data).  Chunks may be less than size bytes if the
     chunk is the last chunk in the file, or the file is a socket or
     some other type of file that sometimes reads less data than is
     requested."""
     assert size >= 0
     assert limit is None or limit >= 0
     while True:
         if limit is None:
             nbytes = size
         else:
             nbytes = min(limit, size)
         s = nbytes and f.read(nbytes)
         if not s:
             break
         if limit:
             limit -= len(s)
         yield s
 
 def makedate():
     lt = time.localtime()
     if lt[8] == 1 and time.daylight:
         tz = time.altzone
     else:
         tz = time.timezone
     return time.mktime(lt), tz
 
 def datestr(date=None, format='%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y %1%2'):
     """represent a (unixtime, offset) tuple as a localized time.
     unixtime is seconds since the epoch, and offset is the time zone's
     number of seconds away from UTC. if timezone is false, do not
     append time zone to string."""
     t, tz = date or makedate()
     if "%1" in format or "%2" in format:
         sign = (tz > 0) and "-" or "+"
         minutes = abs(tz) // 60
         format = format.replace("%1", "%c%02d" % (sign, minutes // 60))
         format = format.replace("%2", "%02d" % (minutes % 60))
     s = time.strftime(format, time.gmtime(float(t) - tz))
     return s
 
 def shortdate(date=None):
     """turn (timestamp, tzoff) tuple into iso 8631 date."""
     return datestr(date, format='%Y-%m-%d')
 
 def strdate(string, format, defaults=[]):
     """parse a localized time string and return a (unixtime, offset) tuple.
     if the string cannot be parsed, ValueError is raised."""
     def timezone(string):
         tz = string.split()[-1]
         if tz[0] in "+-" and len(tz) == 5 and tz[1:].isdigit():
             sign = (tz[0] == "+") and 1 or -1
             hours = int(tz[1:3])
             minutes = int(tz[3:5])
             return -sign * (hours * 60 + minutes) * 60
         if tz == "GMT" or tz == "UTC":
             return 0
         return None
 
     # NOTE: unixtime = localunixtime + offset
     offset, date = timezone(string), string
     if offset != None:
         date = " ".join(string.split()[:-1])
 
     # add missing elements from defaults
     for part in defaults:
         found = [True for p in part if ("%"+p) in format]
         if not found:
             date += "@" + defaults[part]
             format += "@%" + part[0]
 
     timetuple = time.strptime(date, format)
     localunixtime = int(calendar.timegm(timetuple))
     if offset is None:
         # local timezone
         unixtime = int(time.mktime(timetuple))
         offset = unixtime - localunixtime
     else:
         unixtime = localunixtime + offset
     return unixtime, offset
 
 def parsedate(date, formats=None, defaults=None):
     """parse a localized date/time string and return a (unixtime, offset) tuple.
 
     The date may be a "unixtime offset" string or in one of the specified
     formats. If the date already is a (unixtime, offset) tuple, it is returned.
     """
     if not date:
         return 0, 0
     if isinstance(date, tuple) and len(date) == 2:
         return date
     if not formats:
         formats = defaultdateformats
     date = date.strip()
     try:
         when, offset = map(int, date.split(' '))
     except ValueError:
         # fill out defaults
         if not defaults:
             defaults = {}
         now = makedate()
         for part in "d mb yY HI M S".split():
             if part not in defaults:
                 if part[0] in "HMS":
                     defaults[part] = "00"
                 else:
                     defaults[part] = datestr(now, "%" + part[0])
 
         for format in formats:
             try:
                 when, offset = strdate(date, format, defaults)
             except (ValueError, OverflowError):
                 pass
             else:
                 break
         else:
             raise Abort(_('invalid date: %r ') % date)
     # validate explicit (probably user-specified) date and
     # time zone offset. values must fit in signed 32 bits for
     # current 32-bit linux runtimes. timezones go from UTC-12
     # to UTC+14
     if abs(when) > 0x7fffffff:
         raise Abort(_('date exceeds 32 bits: %d') % when)
     if offset < -50400 or offset > 43200:
         raise Abort(_('impossible time zone offset: %d') % offset)
     return when, offset
 
 def matchdate(date):
     """Return a function that matches a given date match specifier
 
     Formats include:
 
     '{date}' match a given date to the accuracy provided
 
     '<{date}' on or before a given date
 
     '>{date}' on or after a given date
 
     """
 
     def lower(date):
         d = dict(mb="1", d="1")
         return parsedate(date, extendeddateformats, d)[0]
 
     def upper(date):
         d = dict(mb="12", HI="23", M="59", S="59")
         for days in "31 30 29".split():
             try:
                 d["d"] = days
                 return parsedate(date, extendeddateformats, d)[0]
             except:
                 pass
         d["d"] = "28"
         return parsedate(date, extendeddateformats, d)[0]
 
     date = date.strip()
     if date[0] == "<":
         when = upper(date[1:])
         return lambda x: x <= when
     elif date[0] == ">":
         when = lower(date[1:])
         return lambda x: x >= when
     elif date[0] == "-":
         try:
             days = int(date[1:])
         except ValueError:
             raise Abort(_("invalid day spec: %s") % date[1:])
         when = makedate()[0] - days * 3600 * 24
         return lambda x: x >= when
     elif " to " in date:
         a, b = date.split(" to ")
         start, stop = lower(a), upper(b)
         return lambda x: x >= start and x <= stop
     else:
         start, stop = lower(date), upper(date)
         return lambda x: x >= start and x <= stop
 
 def shortuser(user):
     """Return a short representation of a user name or email address."""
     f = user.find('@')
     if f >= 0:
         user = user[:f]
     f = user.find('<')
     if f >= 0:
         user = user[f + 1:]
     f = user.find(' ')
     if f >= 0:
         user = user[:f]
     f = user.find('.')
     if f >= 0:
         user = user[:f]
     return user
 
 def email(author):
     '''get email of author.'''
     r = author.find('>')
     if r == -1:
         r = None
     return author[author.find('<') + 1:r]
 
 def ellipsis(text, maxlength=400):
     """Trim string to at most maxlength (default: 400) characters."""
     if len(text) <= maxlength:
         return text
     else:
         return "%s..." % (text[:maxlength - 3])
 
 def walkrepos(path, followsym=False, seen_dirs=None, recurse=False):
     '''yield every hg repository under path, recursively.'''
     def errhandler(err):
         if err.filename == path:
             raise err
     if followsym and hasattr(os.path, 'samestat'):
         def _add_dir_if_not_there(dirlst, dirname):
             match = False
             samestat = os.path.samestat
             dirstat = os.stat(dirname)
             for lstdirstat in dirlst:
                 if samestat(dirstat, lstdirstat):
                     match = True
                     break
             if not match:
                 dirlst.append(dirstat)
             return not match
     else:
         followsym = False
 
     if (seen_dirs is None) and followsym:
         seen_dirs = []
         _add_dir_if_not_there(seen_dirs, path)
     for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path, topdown=True, onerror=errhandler):
         dirs.sort()
         if '.hg' in dirs:
             yield root # found a repository
             qroot = os.path.join(root, '.hg', 'patches')
             if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(qroot, '.hg')):
                 yield qroot # we have a patch queue repo here
             if recurse:
                 # avoid recursing inside the .hg directory
                 dirs.remove('.hg')
             else:
                 dirs[:] = [] # don't descend further
         elif followsym:
             newdirs = []
             for d in dirs:
                 fname = os.path.join(root, d)
                 if _add_dir_if_not_there(seen_dirs, fname):
                     if os.path.islink(fname):
                         for hgname in walkrepos(fname, True, seen_dirs):
                             yield hgname
                     else:
                         newdirs.append(d)
             dirs[:] = newdirs
 
 _rcpath = None
 
 def os_rcpath():
     '''return default os-specific hgrc search path'''
     path = system_rcpath()
     path.extend(user_rcpath())
     path = [os.path.normpath(f) for f in path]
     return path
 
 def rcpath():
     '''return hgrc search path. if env var HGRCPATH is set, use it.
     for each item in path, if directory, use files ending in .rc,
     else use item.
     make HGRCPATH empty to only look in .hg/hgrc of current repo.
     if no HGRCPATH, use default os-specific path.'''
     global _rcpath
     if _rcpath is None:
         if 'HGRCPATH' in os.environ:
             _rcpath = []
             for p in os.environ['HGRCPATH'].split(os.pathsep):
                 if not p:
                     continue
                 p = expandpath(p)
                 if os.path.isdir(p):
                     for f, kind in osutil.listdir(p):
                         if f.endswith('.rc'):
                             _rcpath.append(os.path.join(p, f))
                 else:
                     _rcpath.append(p)
         else:
             _rcpath = os_rcpath()
     return _rcpath
 
 def bytecount(nbytes):
     '''return byte count formatted as readable string, with units'''
 
     units = (
         (100, 1 << 30, _('%.0f GB')),
         (10, 1 << 30, _('%.1f GB')),
         (1, 1 << 30, _('%.2f GB')),
         (100, 1 << 20, _('%.0f MB')),
         (10, 1 << 20, _('%.1f MB')),
         (1, 1 << 20, _('%.2f MB')),
         (100, 1 << 10, _('%.0f KB')),
         (10, 1 << 10, _('%.1f KB')),
         (1, 1 << 10, _('%.2f KB')),
         (1, 1, _('%.0f bytes')),
         )
 
     for multiplier, divisor, format in units:
         if nbytes >= divisor * multiplier:
             return format % (nbytes / float(divisor))
     return units[-1][2] % nbytes
 
 def drop_scheme(scheme, path):
     sc = scheme + ':'
     if path.startswith(sc):
         path = path[len(sc):]
         if path.startswith('//'):
             if scheme == 'file':
                 i = path.find('/', 2)
                 if i == -1:
                     return ''
                 # On Windows, absolute paths are rooted at the current drive
                 # root. On POSIX they are rooted at the file system root.
                 if os.name == 'nt':
                     droot = os.path.splitdrive(os.getcwd())[0] + '/'
                     path = os.path.join(droot, path[i + 1:])
                 else:
                     path = path[i:]
             else:
                 path = path[2:]
     return path
 
 def uirepr(s):
     # Avoid double backslash in Windows path repr()
     return repr(s).replace('\\\\', '\\')
 
 #### naming convention of below implementation follows 'textwrap' module
 
 class MBTextWrapper(textwrap.TextWrapper):
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
         textwrap.TextWrapper.__init__(self, **kwargs)
 
     def _cutdown(self, str, space_left):
         l = 0
         ucstr = unicode(str, encoding.encoding)
         w = unicodedata.east_asian_width
         for i in xrange(len(ucstr)):
             l += w(ucstr[i]) in 'WFA' and 2 or 1
             if space_left < l:
                 return (ucstr[:i].encode(encoding.encoding),
                         ucstr[i:].encode(encoding.encoding))
         return str, ''
 
     # ----------------------------------------
     # overriding of base class
 
     def _handle_long_word(self, reversed_chunks, cur_line, cur_len, width):
         space_left = max(width - cur_len, 1)
 
         if self.break_long_words:
             cut, res = self._cutdown(reversed_chunks[-1], space_left)
             cur_line.append(cut)
             reversed_chunks[-1] = res
         elif not cur_line:
             cur_line.append(reversed_chunks.pop())
 
 #### naming convention of above implementation follows 'textwrap' module
 
 def wrap(line, width=None, initindent='', hangindent=''):
     if width is None:
         width = termwidth() - 2
     maxindent = max(len(hangindent), len(initindent))
     if width <= maxindent:
         # adjust for weird terminal size
         width = max(78, maxindent + 1)
     wrapper = MBTextWrapper(width=width,
                             initial_indent=initindent,
                             subsequent_indent=hangindent)
     return wrapper.fill(line)
 
 def iterlines(iterator):
     for chunk in iterator:
         for line in chunk.splitlines():
             yield line
 
 def expandpath(path):
     return os.path.expanduser(os.path.expandvars(path))
 
 def hgcmd():
     """Return the command used to execute current hg
 
     This is different from hgexecutable() because on Windows we want
     to avoid things opening new shell windows like batch files, so we
     get either the python call or current executable.
     """
     if main_is_frozen():
         return [sys.executable]
     return gethgcmd()
 
 def rundetached(args, condfn):
     """Execute the argument list in a detached process.
 
     condfn is a callable which is called repeatedly and should return
     True once the child process is known to have started successfully.
     At this point, the child process PID is returned. If the child
     process fails to start or finishes before condfn() evaluates to
     True, return -1.
     """
     # Windows case is easier because the child process is either
     # successfully starting and validating the condition or exiting
     # on failure. We just poll on its PID. On Unix, if the child
     # process fails to start, it will be left in a zombie state until
     # the parent wait on it, which we cannot do since we expect a long
     # running process on success. Instead we listen for SIGCHLD telling
     # us our child process terminated.
     terminated = set()
     def handler(signum, frame):
         terminated.add(os.wait())
     prevhandler = None
     if hasattr(signal, 'SIGCHLD'):
         prevhandler = signal.signal(signal.SIGCHLD, handler)
     try:
         pid = spawndetached(args)
         while not condfn():
             if ((pid in terminated or not testpid(pid))
                 and not condfn()):
                 return -1
             time.sleep(0.1)
         return pid
     finally:
         if prevhandler is not None:
             signal.signal(signal.SIGCHLD, prevhandler)
 
 try:
     any, all = any, all
 except NameError:
     def any(iterable):
         for i in iterable:
             if i:
                 return True
         return False
 
     def all(iterable):
         for i in iterable:
             if not i:
                 return False
         return True
 
 def termwidth():
     if 'COLUMNS' in os.environ:
         try:
             return int(os.environ['COLUMNS'])
         except ValueError:
             pass
     return termwidth_()