ui: introduce an experimental dict of exportable environment variables

Care needs to be taken to prevent leaking potentially sensitive environment
variables through hgweb, if template support for environment variables is to be
introduced.  There are a few ideas about the API for preventing accidental
leaking [1].  Option 3 seems best from the POV of not needing to configure
anything in the normal case.  I couldn't figure out how to do that, so guard it
with an experimental option for now.

[1] https://www.mercurial-scm.org/pipermail/mercurial-devel/2017-January/092383.html

mercurial/ui.py

@@ -147,6 +147,15 b' class ui(object):'
 
             self.httppasswordmgrdb = urlreq.httppasswordmgrwithdefaultrealm()
 
+        allowed = self.configlist('experimental', 'exportableenviron')
+        if '*' in allowed:
+            self._exportableenviron = self.environ
+        else:
+            self._exportableenviron = {}
+            for k in allowed:
+                if k in self.environ:
+                    self._exportableenviron[k] = self.environ[k]
+
     @classmethod
     def load(cls):
         """Create a ui and load global and user configs"""
@@ -1211,6 +1220,12 b' class ui(object):'
                 " update your code.)") % version
         self.develwarn(msg, stacklevel=2, config='deprec-warn')
 
+    def exportableenviron(self):
+        """The environment variables that are safe to export, e.g. through
+        hgweb.
+        """
+        return self._exportableenviron
+
     @contextlib.contextmanager
     def configoverride(self, overrides, source=""):
         """Context manager for temporary config overrides