sparse-revlog: implement algorithm to write sparse delta chains (issue5480)

The classic behavior of revlog._isgooddeltainfo is to consider the span size
of the whole delta chain, and limit it to 4 * textlen.
Once sparse-revlog writing is allowed (and enforced with a requirement),
revlog._isgooddeltainfo considers the span of the largest chunk as the
distance used in the verification, instead of using the span of the whole
delta chain.

In order to compute the span of the largest chunk, we need to slice into
chunks a chain with the new revision at the top of the revlog, and take the
maximal span of these chunks. The sparse read density is a parameter to the
slicing, as it will stop when the global read density reaches this threshold.
For instance, a density of 50% means that 2 of 4 read bytes are actually used
for the reconstruction of the revision (the others are part of other chains).

This allows a new revision to be potentially stored with a diff against
another revision anywhere in the history, instead of forcing it in the last 4
* textlen. The result is a much better compression on repositories that have
many concurrent branches. Here are a comparison between using deltas from
current upstream (aggressive-merge-deltas on by default) and deltas from a
sparse-revlog

Comparison of `.hg/store/` size:

    mercurial (6.74% merges):
        before:     46,831,873 bytes
        after:      46,795,992 bytes (no relevant change)
    pypy (8.30% merges):
        before:    333,524,651 bytes
        after:     308,417,511 bytes -8%
    netbeans (34.21% merges):
        before:  1,141,847,554 bytes
        after:   1,131,093,161 bytes -1%
    mozilla-central (4.84% merges):
        before:  2,344,248,850 bytes
        after:   2,328,459,258 bytes -1%
    large-private-repo-A (merge 19.73%)
        before: 41,510,550,163 bytes
        after:   8,121,763,428 bytes -80%
    large-private-repo-B (23.77%)
        before: 58,702,221,709 bytes
        after:   8,351,588,828 bytes -76%

Comparison of `00manifest.d` size:

    mercurial (6.74% merges):
        before:      6,143,044 bytes
        after:       6,107,163 bytes
    pypy (8.30% merges):
        before:     52,941,780 bytes
        after:      27,834,082 bytes -48%
    netbeans (34.21% merges):
        before:    130,088,982 bytes
        after:     119,337,636 bytes -10%
    mozilla-central (4.84% merges):
        before:    215,096,339 bytes
        after:     199,496,863 bytes -8%
    large-private-repo-A (merge 19.73%)
        before: 33,725,285,081 bytes
        after:     390,302,545 bytes -99%
    large-private-repo-B (23.77%)
        before: 49,457,701,645 bytes
        after:   1,366,752,187 bytes -97%


The better delta chains provide a performance boost in relevant repositories:

    pypy, bundling 1000 revisions:
        before: 1.670s
        after:  1.149s -31%

Unbundling got a bit slower. probably because the sparse algorithm is still
pure
python.

    pypy, unbundling 1000 revisions:
        before: 4.062s
        after:  4.507s +10%

Performance of bundle/unbundle in repository with few concurrent branches (eg:
mercurial) are unaffected.

No significant differences have been noticed then timing `hg push` and `hg
pull` locally. More state timings are being gathered.

Same as for aggressive-merge-delta, better delta comes with longer delta
chains. Longer chains have a performance impact. For example. The length of
the chain needed to get the manifest of pypy's tip moves from 82 item to 1929
items. This moves the restore time from 3.88ms to 11.3ms.

Delta chain length is an independent issue that affects repository without
this changes. It will be dealt with independently.

No significant differences have been observed on repositories where
`sparse-revlog` have not much effect (mercurial, unity, netbeans). On pypy,
small differences have been observed on some operation affected by delta chain
building and retrieval.


    pypy, perfmanifest
        before: 0.006162s
        after:  0.017899s +190%

    pypy, commit:
        before: 0.382
        after:  0.376 -1%

    pypy, status:
        before: 0.157
        after:  0.168 +7%

More comprehensive and stable timing comparisons are in progress.

mercurial/revlog.py

@@ -216,6 +216,9 b' class _testrevlog(object):'
     def length(self, rev):
         return self.end(rev) - self.start(rev)
 
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._data)
+
 def _trimchunk(revlog, revs, startidx, endidx=None):
     """returns revs[startidx:endidx] without empty trailing revs
 
@@ -293,7 +296,7 b' def _segmentspan(revlog, revs):'
         return 0
     return revlog.end(revs[-1]) - revlog.start(revs[0])
 
-def _slicechunk(revlog, revs, targetsize=None):
+def _slicechunk(revlog, revs, deltainfo=None, targetsize=None):
     """slice revs to reduce the amount of unrelated data to be read from disk.
 
     ``revs`` is sliced into groups that should be read in one time.
@@ -341,20 +344,27 b' def _slicechunk(revlog, revs, targetsize'
     [[1, 2], [5, 8, 10, 11], [14]]
 
     Slicing with a maximum chunk size
-    >>> list(_slicechunk(revlog, [0, 11, 13, 15], 15))
+    >>> list(_slicechunk(revlog, [0, 11, 13, 15], targetsize=15))
     [[0], [11], [13], [15]]
-    >>> list(_slicechunk(revlog, [0, 11, 13, 15], 20))
+    >>> list(_slicechunk(revlog, [0, 11, 13, 15], targetsize=20))
     [[0], [11], [13, 15]]
     """
     if targetsize is not None:
         targetsize = max(targetsize, revlog._srmingapsize)
+    # targetsize should not be specified when evaluating delta candidates:
+    # * targetsize is used to ensure we stay within specification when reading,
+    # * deltainfo is used to pick are good delta chain when writing.
+    if not (deltainfo is None or targetsize is None):
+        msg = 'cannot use `targetsize` with a `deltainfo`'
+        raise error.ProgrammingError(msg)
     for chunk in _slicechunktodensity(revlog, revs,
+                                      deltainfo,
                                       revlog._srdensitythreshold,
                                       revlog._srmingapsize):
         for subchunk in _slicechunktosize(revlog, chunk, targetsize):
             yield subchunk
 
-def _slicechunktosize(revlog, revs, targetsize):
+def _slicechunktosize(revlog, revs, targetsize=None):
     """slice revs to match the target size
 
     This is intended to be used on chunk that density slicing selected by that
@@ -431,12 +441,16 b' def _slicechunktosize(revlog, revs, targ'
             endrevidx = idx
     yield _trimchunk(revlog, revs, startrevidx)
 
-def _slicechunktodensity(revlog, revs, targetdensity=0.5, mingapsize=0):
+def _slicechunktodensity(revlog, revs, deltainfo=None, targetdensity=0.5,
+                         mingapsize=0):
     """slice revs to reduce the amount of unrelated data to be read from disk.
 
     ``revs`` is sliced into groups that should be read in one time.
     Assume that revs are sorted.
 
+    ``deltainfo`` is a _deltainfo instance of a revision that we would append
+    to the top of the revlog.
+
     The initial chunk is sliced until the overall density (payload/chunks-span
     ratio) is above `targetdensity`. No gap smaller than `mingapsize` is
     skipped.
@@ -487,13 +501,21 b' def _slicechunktodensity(revlog, revs, t'
         yield revs
         return
 
-    readdata = deltachainspan = _segmentspan(revlog, revs)
+    nextrev = len(revlog)
+    nextoffset = revlog.end(nextrev - 1)
+
+    if deltainfo is None:
+        deltachainspan = _segmentspan(revlog, revs)
+        chainpayload = sum(length(r) for r in revs)
+    else:
+        deltachainspan = deltainfo.distance
+        chainpayload = deltainfo.compresseddeltalen
 
     if deltachainspan < mingapsize:
         yield revs
         return
 
-    chainpayload = sum(length(r) for r in revs)
+    readdata = deltachainspan
 
     if deltachainspan:
         density = chainpayload / float(deltachainspan)
@@ -504,13 +526,21 b' def _slicechunktodensity(revlog, revs, t'
         yield revs
         return
 
+    if deltainfo is not None:
+        revs = list(revs)
+        revs.append(nextrev)
+
     # Store the gaps in a heap to have them sorted by decreasing size
     gapsheap = []
     heapq.heapify(gapsheap)
     prevend = None
     for i, rev in enumerate(revs):
-        revstart = start(rev)
-        revlen = length(rev)
+        if rev < nextrev:
+            revstart = start(rev)
+            revlen = length(rev)
+        else:
+            revstart = nextoffset
+            revlen = deltainfo.deltalen
 
         # Skip empty revisions to form larger holes
         if revlen == 0:
@@ -1989,7 +2019,7 b' class revlog(object):'
         if not self._withsparseread:
             slicedchunks = (revs,)
         else:
-            slicedchunks = _slicechunk(self, revs, targetsize)
+            slicedchunks = _slicechunk(self, revs, targetsize=targetsize)
 
         for revschunk in slicedchunks:
             firstrev = revschunk[0]
@@ -2402,13 +2432,33 b' class revlog(object):'
         #   deltas we need to apply -- bounding it limits the amount of CPU
         #   we consume.
 
-        distance = deltainfo.distance
+        if self._sparserevlog:
+            # As sparse-read will be used, we can consider that the distance,
+            # instead of being the span of the whole chunk,
+            # is the span of the largest read chunk
+            base = deltainfo.base
+
+            if base != nullrev:
+                deltachain = self._deltachain(base)[0]
+            else:
+                deltachain = []
+
+            chunks = _slicechunk(self, deltachain, deltainfo)
+            distance = max(map(lambda revs:_segmentspan(self, revs), chunks))
+        else:
+            distance = deltainfo.distance
+
         textlen = revinfo.textlen
         defaultmax = textlen * 4
         maxdist = self._maxdeltachainspan
         if not maxdist:
             maxdist = distance # ensure the conditional pass
         maxdist = max(maxdist, defaultmax)
+        if self._sparserevlog and maxdist < self._srmingapsize:
+            # In multiple place, we are ignoring irrelevant data range below a
+            # certain size. Be also apply this tradeoff here and relax span
+            # constraint for small enought content.
+            maxdist = self._srmingapsize
         if (distance > maxdist or deltainfo.deltalen > textlen or
             deltainfo.compresseddeltalen > textlen * 2 or
             (self._maxchainlen and deltainfo.chainlen > self._maxchainlen)):