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1 .. _nbconvert:
1 .. _nbconvert:
2
2
3 Converting notebooks to other formats
3 Converting notebooks to other formats
4 =====================================
4 =====================================
5
5
6 Newly added in the 1.0 release of IPython is the ``nbconvert`` tool, which
6 Newly added in the 1.0 release of IPython is the ``nbconvert`` tool, which
7 allows you to convert an ``.ipynb`` notebook document file into various static
7 allows you to convert an ``.ipynb`` notebook document file into various static
8 formats.
8 formats.
9
9
10 Currently, ``nbconvert`` is provided as a command line tool, run as a script
10 Currently, ``nbconvert`` is provided as a command line tool, run as a script
11 using IPython. A direct export capability from within the
11 using IPython. A direct export capability from within the
12 IPython Notebook web app is planned.
12 IPython Notebook web app is planned.
13
13
14 The command-line syntax to run the ``nbconvert`` script is::
14 The command-line syntax to run the ``nbconvert`` script is::
15
15
16 $ ipython nbconvert --to FORMAT notebook.ipynb
16 $ ipython nbconvert --to FORMAT notebook.ipynb
17
17
18 This will convert the IPython document file ``notebook.ipynb`` into the output
18 This will convert the IPython document file ``notebook.ipynb`` into the output
19 format given by the ``FORMAT`` string.
19 format given by the ``FORMAT`` string.
20
20
21 The default output format is html, for which the ``--to`` argument may be
21 The default output format is html, for which the ``--to`` argument may be
22 omitted::
22 omitted::
23
23
24 $ ipython nbconvert notebook.ipynb
24 $ ipython nbconvert notebook.ipynb
25
25
26 IPython provides a few templates for some output formats, and these can be
26 IPython provides a few templates for some output formats, and these can be
27 specified via an additional ``--template`` argument.
27 specified via an additional ``--template`` argument.
28
28
29 The currently supported export formats are:
29 The currently supported export formats are:
30
30
31 * ``--to html``
31 * ``--to html``
32
32
33 - ``--template full`` (default)
33 - ``--template full`` (default)
34
34
35 A full static HTML render of the notebook.
35 A full static HTML render of the notebook.
36 This looks very similar to the interactive view.
36 This looks very similar to the interactive view.
37
37
38 - ``--template basic``
38 - ``--template basic``
39
39
40 Simplified HTML, useful for embedding in webpages, blogs, etc.
40 Simplified HTML, useful for embedding in webpages, blogs, etc.
41 This excludes HTML headers.
41 This excludes HTML headers.
42
42
43 * ``--to latex``
43 * ``--to latex``
44
44
45 Latex export. This generates ``NOTEBOOK_NAME.tex`` file,
45 Latex export. This generates ``NOTEBOOK_NAME.tex`` file,
46 ready for export. You can automatically run latex on it to generate a PDF
46 ready for export. You can automatically run latex on it to generate a PDF
47 by adding ``--post PDF``.
47 by adding ``--post PDF``.
48
48
49 - ``--template article`` (default)
49 - ``--template article`` (default)
50
50
51 Latex article, derived from Sphinx's howto template.
51 Latex article, derived from Sphinx's howto template.
52
52
53 - ``--template book``
53 - ``--template book``
54
54
55 Latex book, derived from Sphinx's manual template.
55 Latex book, derived from Sphinx's manual template.
56
56
57 - ``--template basic``
57 - ``--template basic``
58
58
59 Very basic latex output - mainly meant as a starting point for custom templates.
59 Very basic latex output - mainly meant as a starting point for custom templates.
60
60
61 * ``--to slides``
61 * ``--to slides``
62
62
63 This generates a Reveal.js HTML slideshow.
63 This generates a Reveal.js HTML slideshow.
64 It must be served by an HTTP server. The easiest way to get this is to add
64 It must be served by an HTTP server. The easiest way to get this is to add
65 ``--post serve`` on the command-line.
65 ``--post serve`` on the command-line.
66 If you want to use the speaker notes plugin, just add
66 If you want to use the speaker notes plugin, just add
67 ``--notes True`` on the command-line.
67 ``--notes True`` on the command-line.
68 For low connectivity environments, you can use a local copy of the reveal.js library, just add
68 For low connectivity environments, you can use a local copy of the reveal.js library,
69 ``--local reveal.js`` on the command-line, and do not forget to move your downloaded ``reveal.js`` library to the same folder where your slides are located.
69 just add ``--local reveal.js`` on the command-line, and do not forget to move your
70 downloaded ``reveal.js`` library to the same folder where your slides are located.
70
71
71 * ``--to markdown``
72 * ``--to markdown``
72
73
73 Simple markdown output. Markdown cells are unaffected,
74 Simple markdown output. Markdown cells are unaffected,
74 and code cells are placed in triple-backtick (``\`\`\```) blocks.
75 and code cells are placed in triple-backtick (``\`\`\```) blocks.
75
76
76 * ``--to rst``
77 * ``--to rst``
77
78
78 Basic reStructuredText output. Useful as a starting point for embedding notebooks
79 Basic reStructuredText output. Useful as a starting point for embedding notebooks
79 in Sphinx docs.
80 in Sphinx docs.
80
81
81 * ``--to python``
82 * ``--to python``
82
83
83 Convert a notebook to an executable Python script.
84 Convert a notebook to an executable Python script.
84 This is the simplest way to get a Python script out of a notebook.
85 This is the simplest way to get a Python script out of a notebook.
85 If there were any magics in the notebook, this may only be executable from
86 If there were any magics in the notebook, this may only be executable from
86 an IPython session.
87 an IPython session.
87
88
88 .. note::
89 .. note::
89
90
90 nbconvert uses pandoc_ to convert between various markup languages,
91 nbconvert uses pandoc_ to convert between various markup languages,
91 so pandoc is a dependency of most nbconvert transforms,
92 so pandoc is a dependency of most nbconvert transforms,
92 excluding Markdown and Python.
93 excluding Markdown and Python.
93
94
94 .. _pandoc: http://johnmacfarlane.net/pandoc/
95 .. _pandoc: http://johnmacfarlane.net/pandoc/
95
96
96 The output file created by ``nbconvert`` will have the same base name as
97 The output file created by ``nbconvert`` will have the same base name as
97 the notebook and will be placed in the current working directory. Any
98 the notebook and will be placed in the current working directory. Any
98 supporting files (graphics, etc) will be placed in a new directory with the
99 supporting files (graphics, etc) will be placed in a new directory with the
99 same base name as the notebook, suffixed with ``_files``::
100 same base name as the notebook, suffixed with ``_files``::
100
101
101 $ ipython nbconvert notebook.ipynb
102 $ ipython nbconvert notebook.ipynb
102 $ ls
103 $ ls
103 notebook.ipynb notebook.html notebook_files/
104 notebook.ipynb notebook.html notebook_files/
104
105
105 For simple single-file output, such as html, markdown, etc.,
106 For simple single-file output, such as html, markdown, etc.,
106 the output may be sent to standard output with::
107 the output may be sent to standard output with::
107
108
108 $ ipython nbconvert --to markdown notebook.ipynb --stdout
109 $ ipython nbconvert --to markdown notebook.ipynb --stdout
109
110
110 Multiple notebooks can be specified from the command line::
111 Multiple notebooks can be specified from the command line::
111
112
112 $ ipython nbconvert notebook*.ipynb
113 $ ipython nbconvert notebook*.ipynb
113 $ ipython nbconvert notebook1.ipynb notebook2.ipynb
114 $ ipython nbconvert notebook1.ipynb notebook2.ipynb
114
115
115 or via a list in a configuration file, say ``mycfg.py``, containing the text::
116 or via a list in a configuration file, say ``mycfg.py``, containing the text::
116
117
117 c = get_config()
118 c = get_config()
118 c.NbConvertApp.notebooks = ["notebook1.ipynb", "notebook2.ipynb"]
119 c.NbConvertApp.notebooks = ["notebook1.ipynb", "notebook2.ipynb"]
119
120
120 and using the command::
121 and using the command::
121
122
122 $ ipython nbconvert --config mycfg.py
123 $ ipython nbconvert --config mycfg.py
123
124
124
125
125 .. _notebook_format:
126 .. _notebook_format:
126
127
127 Notebook JSON file format
128 Notebook JSON file format
128 -------------------------
129 -------------------------
129
130
130 Notebook documents are JSON files with an ``.ipynb`` extension, formatted
131 Notebook documents are JSON files with an ``.ipynb`` extension, formatted
131 as legibly as possible with minimal extra indentation and cell content broken
132 as legibly as possible with minimal extra indentation and cell content broken
132 across lines to make them reasonably friendly to use in version-control
133 across lines to make them reasonably friendly to use in version-control
133 workflows. You should be very careful if you ever manually edit this JSON
134 workflows. You should be very careful if you ever manually edit this JSON
134 data, as it is extremely easy to corrupt its internal structure and make the
135 data, as it is extremely easy to corrupt its internal structure and make the
135 file impossible to load. In general, you should consider the notebook as a
136 file impossible to load. In general, you should consider the notebook as a
136 file meant only to be edited by the IPython Notebook app itself, not for
137 file meant only to be edited by the IPython Notebook app itself, not for
137 hand-editing.
138 hand-editing.
138
139
139 .. note::
140 .. note::
140
141
141 Binary data such as figures are also saved directly in the JSON file.
142 Binary data such as figures are also saved directly in the JSON file.
142 This provides convenient single-file portability, but means that the
143 This provides convenient single-file portability, but means that the
143 files can be large; a ``diff`` of binary data is also not very
144 files can be large; a ``diff`` of binary data is also not very
144 meaningful. Since the binary blobs are encoded in a single line, they
145 meaningful. Since the binary blobs are encoded in a single line, they
145 affect only one line of the ``diff`` output, but they are typically very
146 affect only one line of the ``diff`` output, but they are typically very
146 long lines. You can use the ``Cell | All Output | Clear`` menu option to
147 long lines. You can use the ``Cell | All Output | Clear`` menu option to
147 remove all output from a notebook prior to committing it to version
148 remove all output from a notebook prior to committing it to version
148 control, if this is a concern.
149 control, if this is a concern.
149
150
150 The notebook server can also generate a pure Python version of your notebook,
151 The notebook server can also generate a pure Python version of your notebook,
151 using the ``File | Download as`` menu option. The resulting ``.py`` file will
152 using the ``File | Download as`` menu option. The resulting ``.py`` file will
152 contain all the code cells from your notebook verbatim, and all Markdown cells
153 contain all the code cells from your notebook verbatim, and all Markdown cells
153 prepended with a comment marker. The separation between code and Markdown
154 prepended with a comment marker. The separation between code and Markdown
154 cells is indicated with special comments and there is a header indicating the
155 cells is indicated with special comments and there is a header indicating the
155 format version. All output is removed when exporting to Python.
156 format version. All output is removed when exporting to Python.
156
157
157 As an example, consider a simple notebook called ``simple.ipynb`` which
158 As an example, consider a simple notebook called ``simple.ipynb`` which
158 contains one Markdown cell, with the content ``The simplest notebook.``, one
159 contains one Markdown cell, with the content ``The simplest notebook.``, one
159 code input cell with the content ``print "Hello, IPython!"``, and the
160 code input cell with the content ``print "Hello, IPython!"``, and the
160 corresponding output.
161 corresponding output.
161
162
162 The contents of the notebook document ``simple.ipynb`` is the following JSON
163 The contents of the notebook document ``simple.ipynb`` is the following JSON
163 container::
164 container::
164
165
165 {
166 {
166 "metadata": {
167 "metadata": {
167 "name": "simple"
168 "name": "simple"
168 },
169 },
169 "nbformat": 3,
170 "nbformat": 3,
170 "nbformat_minor": 0,
171 "nbformat_minor": 0,
171 "worksheets": [
172 "worksheets": [
172 {
173 {
173 "cells": [
174 "cells": [
174 {
175 {
175 "cell_type": "markdown",
176 "cell_type": "markdown",
176 "metadata": {},
177 "metadata": {},
177 "source": "The simplest notebook."
178 "source": "The simplest notebook."
178 },
179 },
179 {
180 {
180 "cell_type": "code",
181 "cell_type": "code",
181 "collapsed": false,
182 "collapsed": false,
182 "input": "print \"Hello, IPython\"",
183 "input": "print \"Hello, IPython\"",
183 "language": "python",
184 "language": "python",
184 "metadata": {},
185 "metadata": {},
185 "outputs": [
186 "outputs": [
186 {
187 {
187 "output_type": "stream",
188 "output_type": "stream",
188 "stream": "stdout",
189 "stream": "stdout",
189 "text": "Hello, IPython\n"
190 "text": "Hello, IPython\n"
190 }
191 }
191 ],
192 ],
192 "prompt_number": 1
193 "prompt_number": 1
193 }
194 }
194 ],
195 ],
195 "metadata": {}
196 "metadata": {}
196 }
197 }
197 ]
198 ]
198 }
199 }
199
200
200
201
201 The corresponding Python script is::
202 The corresponding Python script is::
202
203
203 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
204 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
204 # <nbformat>3.0</nbformat>
205 # <nbformat>3.0</nbformat>
205
206
206 # <markdowncell>
207 # <markdowncell>
207
208
208 # The simplest notebook.
209 # The simplest notebook.
209
210
210 # <codecell>
211 # <codecell>
211
212
212 print "Hello, IPython"
213 print "Hello, IPython"
213
214
214 Note that indeed the output of the code cell, which is present in the JSON
215 Note that indeed the output of the code cell, which is present in the JSON
215 container, has been removed in the ``.py`` script.
216 container, has been removed in the ``.py`` script.
216
217
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